Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting

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Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Hans Fernberg M Sc Mining Engineering, Senior Adviser, Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB Talking Technically 3 Trends in underground mining 7 Geology for underground mining 13 Mineral prospecting and exploration 17 Finding the right balance in exploration drilling 21 Underground mining infrastructure 25 Principles of raise boring 29 Mechanized bolting and screening 33 Mining in steep orebodies 39 Mining in flat orebodies 43 Backfilling for safety and profit 46 Atlas Copco rock bolts for mining Case Studies 47 Innovative mining at Garpenberg 53 Changing systems at Zinkgruvan 59 Increasing outputs at LKAB iron ore mines 63 From surface to underground at Kemi 69 Mining magnesite at Jelšava 73 All change for Asikoy copper mine 77 Mining challenge at El Soldado 83 Pioneering mass caving at El Teniente 91 Boxhole boring at El Teniente 97 Modernization at Sierra Miranda 99 Mount Isa mines continues to expand 105 High speed haulage at Stawell 109 Sublevel stoping at Olympic Dam 115 Improved results at Meishan iron ore mine 119 Mechanized mining in low headroom at Waterval 121 Large scale copper mining adapted to lower seams 125 Underground mining of limestone and gypsum 129 Sub level caving for chromite 133 Getting the best for Peñoles 137 Keeping a low profile at Panasqueira Front cover: Headframe at Australia´s Golden Grove mine. All product names such as Boomer, Boltec, Simba, COP, Scooptram and Swellex are registered Atlas Copco trademarks. For machine specifications contact your local Atlas Copco Customer Center or refer to www.atlascopco.com/rock Produced by tunnelbuilder ltd for Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, SE-701 91 Örebro, Sweden, tel +46 19 670 -7000, fax - 7393. Publisher Ulf Linder ulf.linder@se.atlascopco.com Editor Mike Smith mike@tunnelbuilder.com Senior Adviser Hans Fernberg hans.fernberg@se.atlascopco.com Picture Editor Patrik Johansson patrik.johansson@se.atlascopco.com Contributors Marcus Eklind, Patrik Ericsson, Jan Jönsson, Mathias Lewén, Gunnar Nord, Björn Samuelsson, all name.surname@se.atlascopco.com, Adriana Potts adriana.potts@ntlworld.com, Kyran Casteel kyrancasteel@aol.com, Magnus Ericsson magnus.ericsson@rmg.se. The editor gratefully acknowledges extracts from Underground Mining Methods – engineering fundamentals and international case studies by William A Hustrulid and Richard L Bullock, published by SME, details from www.smenet.org Designed and typeset by ahrt, Örebro, Sweden Printed by Welins Tryckeri AB, Örebro, Sweden Copyright 2007 Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB. Digital copies of all Atlas Copco reference editions can be ordered from the publisher, address above, or online at www.atlascopco.com/rock. Reproduction of individual articles only by agreement with the publisher. underground mining methods 1
Page 1: Mining Methods in Underground Minin
Page 5 and 6: Mining TrendS Trends in underground
Page 7 and 8: Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
Page 9 and 10: geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
Page 11 and 12: Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
Page 13 and 14: drives within the mineral deposit,
Page 15 and 16: Mineral prospecting and exploration
Page 17 and 18: Atlas Copco underground core drilli
Page 19 and 20: Finding the right balance in explor
Page 21 and 22: % 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
Page 23 and 24: Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
Page 25 and 26: pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
Page 27 and 28: Principles of raise boring efficien
Page 29 and 30: Typical operating installation of t
Page 31 and 32: MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
Page 33 and 34: on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
Page 35 and 36: Mining in steep orebodies Based on
Page 37 and 38: main level, providing access and ve
Page 39 and 40: waste ratio during a typical muckin
Page 41 and 42: Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
Page 43 and 44: crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
Page 45 and 46: BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
Page 47 and 48: Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
Page 49 and 50: History Mining has been conducted a
Page 51 and 52: 0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
Page 53 and 54:
This joint development process star
Page 55 and 56:
zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
Page 57 and 58:
longhole open stoping has contribut
Page 59 and 60:
flexibility during drilling and bol
Page 61 and 62:
increasing outputs at lkaB iron ore
Page 63 and 64:
2 Groups of ore passes 7 Developmen
Page 65 and 66:
keMi, Finland From surface to under
Page 67 and 68:
The crusher station at the 560 m le
Page 69 and 70:
Kemi is carrying out slot hole dril
Page 71 and 72:
JelSˇ aVa, SlOVakia Mining magnesi
Page 73 and 74:
Pillar between stopes 5.0 m-high, b
Page 75 and 76:
kure, Turkey all change for asikoy
Page 77 and 78:
m along the footwall contact, or in
Page 79 and 80:
History The El Soldado and Los Bron
Page 81 and 82:
Max 15.0 m Ventilation shaft 17 to
Page 83 and 84:
Simba M6 C drilling radial holes. a
Page 85 and 86:
Pioneering mass caving at el Tenien
Page 87 and 88:
caving in primary rock. Currently,
Page 89 and 90:
Production area 5 4 80 m 57,5 m 22,
Page 91 and 92:
used is again panel caving with pre
Page 93 and 94:
introduction Codelco, renowned for
Page 95 and 96:
During pilot hole drilling and rea-
Page 97 and 98:
40 m in length were drilled each mo
Page 99 and 100:
anTOFagaSTa, CHile Modernization at
Page 101 and 102:
MOunT iSa, auSTralia Mount isa mine
Page 103 and 104:
4500N Advance south Stoping sequenc
Page 105 and 106:
to the hanging wall. The fill used
Page 107 and 108:
MelBOurne, auSTralia High speed hau
Page 109 and 110:
The Minetruck MT5010 exits from the
Page 111 and 112:
geology The Olympic Dam mineral dep
Page 113 and 114:
Activity Overview Mucking Overview
Page 115 and 116:
on site. Later stopes, which are no
Page 117 and 118:
improved results at Meishan iron or
Page 119 and 120:
ig, six hours/shift, two shifts/day
Page 121 and 122:
Mechanized mining in low headroom a
Page 123 and 124:
large scale copper mining adapted t
Page 125 and 126:
tricky, because the pillars in the
Page 127 and 128:
gerMany/SOuTH kOrea underground min
Page 129 and 130:
which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
Page 131 and 132:
CaMPO FOrMOSO, Brazil Sub level cav
Page 133 and 134:
Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
Page 135 and 136:
getting the best for Peñoles Speci
Page 137 and 138:
They went from drilling 20 m downwa
Page 139 and 140:
keeping a low profile at Panasqueir
Page 141 and 142:
Boomer S1 L drill rig in operation.
Page 143 and 144:
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