Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting
Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting
Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting
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CAF fill<br />
Secondary<br />
Primary<br />
wOOMera, SOuTH auSTralia<br />
Tertiary<br />
Unmined<br />
Unmined Secondary<br />
Designed stopes<br />
ROCK fill<br />
Primary<br />
Secondary stope extractio n<br />
CAF filled on side adjacent to unmined stope<br />
ROCK filled on side adjacent to mined stope<br />
Stope extraction <strong>and</strong> filling sequence.<br />
drilling is complete, the stope is fired<br />
in stages to ensure maximum fragmen-<br />
Ore progression from stope to train level.<br />
450 m B.S.L.<br />
Loaders <strong>and</strong> Trucks dump ore<br />
into the Ore Pass Grizzly's.<br />
ORE PASS<br />
The Grizzly is essentially a large<br />
steel grate designed to stop<br />
large rocks getting into the ore pass.<br />
These large rocks are broken up 520 m B.S.L.<br />
by a Mobile Rock Crusher.<br />
Ore slides down the ore passes<br />
into the Surge Bin.<br />
550 m B.S.L.<br />
650 m B.S.L.<br />
The Ore is loaded onto the Train.<br />
The Train continues to the Crusher,<br />
dumps the ore which is crushed<br />
<strong>and</strong> hauled to the surface<br />
36 tonnes at a time.<br />
FINGER PASS<br />
Unmined<br />
CAF fill<br />
Unmined<br />
Unmined<br />
tation <strong>and</strong> minimum dilution of ore.<br />
First the slot is formed around the raise-<br />
bored hole, <strong>and</strong> then subsequent blasts<br />
peel away the ore into the void. Sufficient<br />
broken ore has to be removed by<br />
loader from the bottom sublevel of the<br />
stope at the footwall to allow for swelling<br />
of the rock <strong>and</strong> the next firing<br />
stage.<br />
The extraction process continues in<br />
this way, <strong>and</strong> then all broken ore is removed<br />
leaving a roughly rectangular<br />
prism-like vertical void, which is then<br />
backfilled. The broken ore is transferred<br />
to one of the permanent, near vertical,<br />
orepasses linking the extraction levels<br />
with the rail transport level. These load<br />
minecar trains, which carry the ore to<br />
the underground crusher <strong>and</strong> shaft hoist<br />
system.<br />
The optimum geotechnical dimensions<br />
of the unsupported open stope are<br />
usually insufficient for complete extraction<br />
of the suitable ore at that position,<br />
so a series of secondary, <strong>and</strong> maybe<br />
tertiary, stopes have to be developed<br />
adjacent to the primary stope. This ne-<br />
cessitates a substantial structural fill for<br />
the primary stope, to ensure the structural<br />
security of the adjacent stopes<br />
without leaving a pillar. This comprises<br />
a cement aggregate fill (CAF) produced<br />
112 underground mining methods<br />
Unmined<br />
Unmined<br />
Primary stope extracted<br />
CAF filled due to unmined adjacent stopes<br />
CAF fill<br />
ROCK fill<br />
Secondary stope extracted<br />
CAF filled on side adjacent to unmined stope<br />
ROCK filled on side adjacent to mined stope<br />
SURGE BIN<br />
TRAIN LEVEL<br />
GRIZZLY<br />
400 m B.S.L.<br />
FINGER PASS<br />
FINGER PASS<br />
570 m B.S.L.<br />
Unmined<br />
Unmined<br />
Unmined<br />
2nd Primary stope extracted<br />
CAF filled due to adjacent unmined stopes<br />
ROCK fill<br />
CAF fill<br />
Tertiary stope extracted<br />
ROCK filled as no adjacent stopes