Experience <strong>and</strong> Knowledge Working with Atlas Copco means working with world-leading products <strong>and</strong> services. What’s more, the people you work with are the best – with the ability to listen <strong>and</strong> to underst<strong>and</strong> the diverse needs of our customers. This approach requires experience <strong>and</strong> knowledge, presence, flexibility <strong>and</strong> involvement in their processes. It means making customer relations <strong>and</strong> service a priority. Through interaction, innovation <strong>and</strong> a continuous drive to im- prove the way we do things – we help our customers achieve results. Committed to your superior productivity. Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB Fax: +46 19 670 7393 www.atlascopco.com/rock
geology The Olympic Dam mineral deposit consists of a large body of fractured, brecciated <strong>and</strong> hydrothermally altered granite, a variety of hematite-bearing breccias <strong>and</strong> minor tuffs <strong>and</strong> sediments. The breccia lies under 300-350 m of barren flat-lying sediments comprising limestone overlying quartzite, s<strong>and</strong>stone <strong>and</strong> shale. The deposit contains semidiscrete concentrations of iron, copper, uranium, gold, silver, barium, fluorine <strong>and</strong> rare earth elements. These are scattered throughout an area 7 km-long <strong>and</strong> 4 km-wide, <strong>and</strong> having a depth of over 1,000 m. There are two main types of mineralization: a copper-uranium ore with minor gold <strong>and</strong> silver within numerous ore zones, making up most of the resource; <strong>and</strong> a gold ore type which occurs in a very restricted locality. There is distinct zonation evident throughout the deposit, ranging from iron sulphide (pyrite) at depth <strong>and</strong> towards the outer edges of the deposit, through to copper-iron sulphides <strong>and</strong> increasingly copper-rich sulphides to- wards the central <strong>and</strong> upper parts of the deposit. The zonation can continue with rare native copper through to goldenriched zones, <strong>and</strong> finally into silicified lithologies. Uranium occurs in association with all copper mineralization. The predominant uranium mineral is uraninite (pitchblende), but coffinite <strong>and</strong> brannerite occur to a lesser extent. Virgin rock stress conditions are comparable in magnitude with most Australian mines, with the principal stress horizontal <strong>and</strong> approximately 2.5 times greater than the vertical stress, due chiefly to the weight of overlying rock. With few exceptions related to weaker areas, the workings are generally dry. In-situ rock temperatures range from 30 to 45 degrees C. Mine programme The Olympic Dam mine comprises under- ground workings, a minerals processing wOOMera, SOuTH auSTralia Sublevel stoping at Olympic dam rapid expansion Since discovery of the massive Olympic Dam orebody in 1975, <strong>and</strong> the establishment of the mine in 1988, the complex has been through a series of rapid expansion programmes. Owned <strong>and</strong> op- erated by BHP Billiton, it is the largest single underground mine in Australia, with a production rate of 30,000 t of ore per day to produce around 185,000 t of copper product annually <strong>and</strong> significant quantities of uranium, gold <strong>and</strong> silver. Total mineral resource underground is 3,810 million t grading 1.1% copper <strong>and</strong> 0.4 kg/t uranium oxide. The mine’s staged expansion has been run in parallel with a philosophy of continuous improvement of mining methods. They employ a fleet of Atlas Copco Simba rigs for down- hole production drilling within a carefully planned <strong>and</strong> controlled sublevel stoping method of production. Perth Darwin Western Australia Northern Teritory Victoria Melbourne Tasmania Queensl<strong>and</strong> Brisbane New South Wales Sydney Canberra plant, <strong>and</strong> associated infrastructure with- in a mining lease area of 29,000ha. Situated 80 km north of Woomera, <strong>and</strong> 560 km north-north-west of the South Australia state capital of Adelaide, the mine has sufficient estimated reserves for a possible life of 70 years within cur- rent rates of production, although the actual mine plan is in place for only 20 years at present. The mine has its own purpose-built town, Roxby Downs, located 16 km away. There are around 980 employees, of which 490 work in mining, <strong>and</strong> there are also 400 contractors on site. Access to the mine is through a 4 km long surface decline <strong>and</strong> three shafts: the Whenan shaft, which was the original exploration access, converted for hoisting; the Robinson shaft, sunk in 1995; <strong>and</strong> the new Sir Lindsay Clark shaft. The last completed expansion stage results from a feasibility study carried out in 1996 that recommended an expansion of ore output from 3 million t/year to 9 million t/year. The facilities for this expansion were completed in underground mining methods 109 Hobart Olympic Dam location in South Australia. South Australia Coober Pedy OLYMPIC DAM Woomera Lake Eyre North Lake Eyre South Lake Torrens Port Augusta Adelaide
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Mining Methods in Underground Minin
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Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Han
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Mining TrendS Trends in underground
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Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
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geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
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Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
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drives within the mineral deposit,
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Mineral prospecting and exploration
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Atlas Copco underground core drilli
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Finding the right balance in explor
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% 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
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Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
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pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
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Principles of raise boring efficien
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Typical operating installation of t
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MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
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on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
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Mining in steep orebodies Based on
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main level, providing access and ve
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waste ratio during a typical muckin
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Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
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crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
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BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
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Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
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History Mining has been conducted a
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0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
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This joint development process star
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zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
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longhole open stoping has contribut
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- Page 79 and 80: History The El Soldado and Los Bron
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- Page 129 and 130: which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
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- Page 133 and 134: Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
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- Page 143 and 144: Want peace of mind? Visit our Maste
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