The Cogswells in America - citizen hylbom blog

The Cogswells in America - citizen hylbom blog The Cogswells in America - citizen hylbom blog

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I 12 wick, rich in forest and rivers, but even in its curtailed proportions it adds to its mineral resources many productive fields for the a>j;riculturisl ; and it was in the richest of these, near the Bay of Fundy, that the drama was enacted in which the French Acadians made way for the New Engl.md Puritans. Sympathy with the expatriated is always strong under any cir- cumstances, but the American poet, Longfellow, has, by his genius, shed a warm glow of sentiment over the banished Acadians, which blinds the reader to the real facts of the situation. It must be borne in mind that Nova Scotia was for years a battle-field for the .nrms and diplomacy of Great Britain and France. l"o Britain, through the agency of the Cabots, belongs the credit of the discovery of the Province, for Columbus had only explored in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gilberts followed with actual residence ; and on this fact, mainly, perhaps, depended the claims for possession made by Great Britain. But the brave and enterprising French, under the energetic guidance of De la Roche and De Monto, and with a power of assimilation, so to speak, which was not visible in their subsequent efforts at colonization, soon made Acadia a French province, and they established themselves in the rest of Eastern Canad.i with a tenacity such as to secure the retention of their indi- viduality in the Dominion to this day. By the treaty of Germains. Nova Scotia was formally ceded to France, although prior to that date sjjecial efforts ii.id been made, initiated by King James I., to convert the country into a New Scot- land, corresponding to the New England, which was already realizing the hopes that had attended its first settlement. The student of history finds himself wondering how any progress was pos- sible in Provinces which changed hands so frequently to meet the exigencies of European statesmen. The conditions of life must have been at times abso- lutely bewildering, and anything like settled loyalty must have been more than difficult. At one time a treaty, at another time a conquest, led to change of ownership. Nova Scotia was retaken by the English under secret instructions from Cromwell, but the treaty of Breda, in 1667, between Charles the Second and Louis the Fourteenth, restored it again to France. From this time, how- ever, the energy of the British colonists and the apathy of the French guv- ernment portended the ultimate predominance of the former race, and the cap- ture of Port Royal ('afterwards called Annapolis Royal) by the Massachusetts force, in 17 10. paved the way for the cession of the Province to the British crown under the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. A troubled career was before it until 1749, little real colonization being effected ; and in that year a large part of the Province known now as Cape Breton was, in a miserable spirit of compromise, ceded again to France. For the next six years every effort was made to develop the resources of the Province and to make it a thoroughly British colony, but in vain. The French residents, simple and industrious though they were, were compelled by external agencies to li\e in an atmosphere of intrigue. They assisted to keep the Indians in a state of agitation ; they car- ried on a mistrusted correspondence with their countrymen in the Province known then as Canada, and now as Quebec. The strengthening of Louisbourg

in the French colony of Cape Breton seemed to be aggressive, and the disas- ters to the British troops under Gen. Braddock increased the plotting against British rule among the French settlers. There are times with nations, as with individuals, when drastic remedies have to be employed, and when an urgency exists which cannot wait for the ordinary movements of the law, when, in a word, weapons for immciiiaie tUtct are called into action, irrespective of their rudeness and harshness. No one can do other than deplore the sufferings which attended the expatriation of the French Acadians, but their removal had become a political necessity. The act was performed with all possible humanity by Col. Winslow, a native of New England, who commanded the forces charged with the unpleasant duty. Col. Winslow himself said that the work was " contrary to his make and temper," and was not likely to aggravate the sufferings of the unhapp)- people. Some descendants of the French Acadians remain in the Province, living in secluded villages, retaining their separate language and customs, and holding little intercourse with the British inhabitants, yet it may be questioned whether, nationally regarded, not only they, but all the so-called French Canadians, are not really more British than French ; for their ancestors are reputed to have come from Brittany and Normandy. Jacques Cartier. the first Kuropean voyager who set foot in Canada, was a native of Brittany. Brittany was col- onized from Wales ; its French name is Bretagiie. the same as for Britiiin, while both its current English name and that of its people are but variations of Britain and Briton. The intiinate blood relationship between the Normans, also, and the English, requires no words of explanation. If, then, there be rea- son to believe that no actual difference exists except in language, between the French Canadians and their British compatriots, it may be worth while for the former to consider whether they would not do wisely to give up this one acquired peculiarity, and so identify themselves in all respects with their neighbors speaking the English tongue. The vacant places in Acadia were soon filled. New England, whose vig- orous sons took so prominent a part in all the battles of Great Britain on the .American continent, stepped into the vacant farms, and among her pioneers in New Scotland, caine from Connecticut in 1761, Hezekiah Cogswell. Our earliest authority in print for the statements in the foregoing sketch is • Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia." This work was received with special and official favor by the Legislative Assembly, and is worthy of the author, who on other and humorous fields earned the sol'riquet of " Sam Slick." It is in two volumes, published in 1829. The first volume is occupied with a general history of the Province, and the second contains an account of its arrangement in divisions, counties, districts, and townships, and the manner in which they became settled with inhabitants. The settlers were invariably of the lespectable classes, and their descendants have no reason to fear a coinpar- ison with the population of any other country as regards their origin. No con- vict under sentence has ever been known to cross their borders, except, strange to say. oiit'iCnrd-bounJ. An amusing instance of this was recently given in a

<strong>in</strong> the French colony of Cape Breton seemed to be aggressive, and the disas-<br />

ters to the British troops under Gen. Braddock <strong>in</strong>creased the plott<strong>in</strong>g aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />

British rule among the French settlers. <strong>The</strong>re are times with nations, as with<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividuals, when drastic remedies have to be employed, and when an urgency<br />

exists which cannot wait for the ord<strong>in</strong>ary movements of the law, when, <strong>in</strong> a<br />

word, weapons for immciiiaie tUtct are called <strong>in</strong>to action, irrespective of their<br />

rudeness and harshness. No one can do other than deplore the suffer<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

which attended the expatriation of the French Acadians, but their removal<br />

had become a political necessity. <strong>The</strong> act was performed with all possible<br />

humanity by Col. W<strong>in</strong>slow, a native of New England, who commanded the<br />

forces charged with the unpleasant duty. Col. W<strong>in</strong>slow himself said that the<br />

work was " contrary to his make and temper," and was not likely to aggravate<br />

the suffer<strong>in</strong>gs of the unhapp)- people.<br />

Some descendants of the French Acadians rema<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />

secluded villages, reta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g their separate language and customs, and hold<strong>in</strong>g<br />

little <strong>in</strong>tercourse with the British <strong>in</strong>habitants, yet it may be questioned whether,<br />

nationally regarded, not only they, but all the so-called French Canadians,<br />

are not really more British than French ; for their ancestors are reputed to<br />

have come from Brittany and Normandy. Jacques Cartier. the first Kuropean<br />

voyager who set foot <strong>in</strong> Canada, was a native of Brittany. Brittany was col-<br />

onized from Wales ; its French name is Bretagiie. the same as for Britii<strong>in</strong>,<br />

while both its current English name and that of its people are but variations<br />

of Brita<strong>in</strong> and Briton. <strong>The</strong> <strong>in</strong>ti<strong>in</strong>ate blood relationship between the Normans,<br />

also, and the English, requires no words of explanation. If, then, there be rea-<br />

son to believe that no actual difference exists except <strong>in</strong> language, between the<br />

French Canadians and their British compatriots, it may be worth while for the<br />

former to consider whether they would not do wisely to give up this one<br />

acquired peculiarity, and so identify themselves <strong>in</strong> all respects with their<br />

neighbors speak<strong>in</strong>g the English tongue.<br />

<strong>The</strong> vacant places <strong>in</strong> Acadia were soon filled. New England, whose vig-<br />

orous sons took so prom<strong>in</strong>ent a part <strong>in</strong> all the battles of Great Brita<strong>in</strong> on the<br />

.<strong>America</strong>n cont<strong>in</strong>ent, stepped <strong>in</strong>to the vacant farms, and among her pioneers <strong>in</strong><br />

New Scotland, ca<strong>in</strong>e from Connecticut <strong>in</strong> 1761, Hezekiah Cogswell.<br />

Our earliest authority <strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t for the statements <strong>in</strong> the forego<strong>in</strong>g sketch is<br />

• Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia." This work was received with special<br />

and official favor by the Legislative Assembly, and is worthy of the author,<br />

who on other and humorous fields earned the sol'riquet of " Sam Slick." It is<br />

<strong>in</strong> two volumes, published <strong>in</strong> 1829. <strong>The</strong> first volume is occupied with a<br />

general history of the Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, and the second conta<strong>in</strong>s an account of its<br />

arrangement <strong>in</strong> divisions, counties, districts, and townships, and the manner <strong>in</strong><br />

which they became settled with <strong>in</strong>habitants. <strong>The</strong> settlers were <strong>in</strong>variably of<br />

the lespectable classes, and their descendants have no reason to fear a co<strong>in</strong>par-<br />

ison with the population of any other country as regards their orig<strong>in</strong>. No con-<br />

vict under sentence has ever been known to cross their borders, except, strange<br />

to say. oiit'iCnrd-bounJ. An amus<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>stance of this was recently given <strong>in</strong> a

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