Family-histories and genealogies : containing a series of ...
Family-histories and genealogies : containing a series of ... Family-histories and genealogies : containing a series of ...
Under favor of Royal Governors, with the known approval of George III. himself, they appear to have aimed at establishing their Church in America, under American Bishops, in such a position as should destroy the preponderance of Congregationalism. There were those, on both sides of the Atlantic, who looked to such an establishment as a counterpoise to the restless agitations of American patriots for political liberty. Thus, Dr. Johnson could write to the Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 1 764, when one of his own name and blood, as we shall see, was about to argue earnestly against the obligation of passive obedience to arbitrary power, that " Episcopacy is really necessary towards the better securing our dependence, as well as many other good political purposes ;" " and in 1763 had written to the same dignitary " Is there then nothing more that can be done either for obtaining Bishops or demolishing these pernicious charter governments, and reducing them all to one form in immediate dependence on the King? I cannot help calling them pernicious, for they are indeed so, as well for the best good of the people themselves as for the interests of true religion ;" " and the Archbishop wrote to Dr. Johnson, in 1766, that the King was " thoroughly sensible that the Episcopalians are his best friends in America." " iVIoreover, Dr. Johnson's foreign correspondence distinctly reflects the theory that the Anglican Church might be established in America by virtue of an extension to the colonies of the principle of royal supremacy in ecclesiastical as well as civil affairs.^ " Id., p. 295. " Id., p. 304. " Id., p. 279. '* A recent writer on Religious Tests in Provincial Pennsylvania says : " There was indeed always a large party in England which maintained, up to the time of the Revolution, that the principle of Royal or Parliamentary supremacy was equally applicable to ecclesiastical as to civil affairs in the Colonies. 300 :
®fitren=3Jot«fiiOtt These remarks may suffice to set forth the aims of Dr. Johnson and his friends, and their relations to fellow-christians of other denominations, in America. We cannot here, of course, go farther into particulars. Undoubtedly, as was natural, feelings grew narrower the longer the conflict for pre-eminence continued ; until, at length, the breaking out of the Revolution placed matters on new ground, and opened the way for complete toleration, on both sides, as included in liberty and independence. Dr. Johnson had early entered into correspondence with eminent men of the English Establishment. This was continued through life, and enriches his biography. Soon after the coming of Dean Berkeley to this country Dr. Johnson visited him at Newport, and thenceforth corres- ponded with him as long as he lived, and afterwards with his son. In the interest of theism, against materialistic infidelity, he became a convert to Berkeley's philosophy ; '" and to his honor it should be remembered that Yale College owed its earliest special endowment—the foundation of the Berkeley Premiums—to Dr. Johnson's filial loyalty (he having, it would seem, satisfied the Dean that the College was so far forth, at least, liberal as to be not unwilling to admit the writings of Hooker and Chilling- worth into its Library !)." Dr. Johnson seems to have been always a loyal son of Yale : in Prof. Dexter's recently published volume of " Biographical Sketches" attention is called to his " Introduction to the Study of Philos- ophy," which was bound up with the Catalogue of the College Library in 1742-43, "as showing how that staunch Churchman was still helpful to By this party it was assumed more and more distinctly, as time went on, that the English Church Estab- lishment, by virtue of the Royal Supremacy, necessaril}' extended to all the Colonies as dominions of the Crown, and that those who there dissented from that Church were not entitled to any other legal toleration, no matter what might be the Provincial legislation on the subject, than that accorded to Dissenters in England." See Relig. Tests in Prov. Pennsylvania. . . . 1885. By Charles J. Stills, pp. 55-56. " This bearing of Berkeley's philosophy is very clearly stated by President Porter in his recent Discourse on the Two-Hundredth Birthday of George Berkeley. New York, 1885, pp. 20 if. Beardsley's Samuel Johnson, ut supra, p. 75. 301
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®fitren=3Jot«fiiOtt<br />
These remarks may suffice to set forth the aims <strong>of</strong> Dr. Johnson <strong>and</strong><br />
his friends, <strong>and</strong> their relations to fellow-christians <strong>of</strong> other denominations,<br />
in America. We cannot here, <strong>of</strong> course, go farther into particulars.<br />
Undoubtedly, as was natural, feelings grew narrower the longer the<br />
conflict for pre-eminence continued ; until, at length, the breaking out <strong>of</strong><br />
the Revolution placed matters on new ground, <strong>and</strong> opened the way for<br />
complete toleration, on both sides, as included in liberty <strong>and</strong> independence.<br />
Dr. Johnson had early entered into correspondence with eminent<br />
men <strong>of</strong> the English Establishment. This was continued through life, <strong>and</strong><br />
enriches his biography. Soon after the coming <strong>of</strong> Dean Berkeley to<br />
this country Dr. Johnson visited him at Newport, <strong>and</strong> thenceforth corres-<br />
ponded with him as long as he lived, <strong>and</strong> afterwards with his son. In<br />
the interest <strong>of</strong> theism, against materialistic infidelity, he became a convert<br />
to Berkeley's philosophy ; '" <strong>and</strong> to his honor it should be remembered<br />
that Yale College owed its earliest special endowment—the foundation <strong>of</strong><br />
the Berkeley Premiums—to Dr. Johnson's filial loyalty (he having, it<br />
would seem, satisfied the Dean that the College was so far forth, at least,<br />
liberal as to be not unwilling to admit the writings <strong>of</strong> Hooker <strong>and</strong> Chilling-<br />
worth into its Library !)." Dr. Johnson seems to have been always a loyal<br />
son <strong>of</strong> Yale :<br />
in Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dexter's recently published volume <strong>of</strong> " Biographical<br />
Sketches" attention is called to his " Introduction to the Study <strong>of</strong> Philos-<br />
ophy," which was bound up with the Catalogue <strong>of</strong> the College Library in<br />
1742-43, "as showing how that staunch Churchman was still helpful to<br />
By this party it was assumed more <strong>and</strong> more distinctly, as time went on, that the English Church Estab-<br />
lishment, by virtue <strong>of</strong> the Royal Supremacy, necessaril}' extended to all the Colonies as dominions <strong>of</strong><br />
the Crown, <strong>and</strong> that those who there dissented from that Church were not entitled to any other legal<br />
toleration, no matter what might be the Provincial legislation on the subject, than that accorded to<br />
Dissenters in Engl<strong>and</strong>." See Relig. Tests in Prov. Pennsylvania. . . . 1885. By Charles J. Stills,<br />
pp. 55-56.<br />
" This bearing <strong>of</strong> Berkeley's philosophy is very clearly stated by President Porter in his recent<br />
Discourse on the Two-Hundredth Birthday <strong>of</strong> George Berkeley. New York, 1885, pp. 20 if.<br />
Beardsley's Samuel Johnson, ut supra, p. 75.<br />
301