History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from its settlement in 1654;
History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from its settlement in 1654; History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from its settlement in 1654;
484 HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON. [1786. with a hatred that grew by what it fed on, and was bitter and deep-seated. With the revival of the machinery of the law, which had been to some extent thrust aside during the struggle for liberty, lawyers became the most prosperous among the professional classes. Debts had multi- plied to an enormous extent, everywhere the law was invoked to enforce payment, and the attorneys were coining money. The demand had increased the supply much beyond the ordinary number, and they soon became a shining mark for the vengeance of the discontented. This jealousy against lawyers prevailed throughout the state . They were denounced in the strongest terms of reproach, the press was used to vilify them and they were regarded as rogues, rascals, and thieves, and to them was attributed the largest share of the ills under which the country groaned. Pointed out as the class to be abolished, the electors were strongly urged to leave them out of office, and to instruct their representatives to annihilate them. These sentiments prevailed to such an extent throughout the state, that law- yers were very generally omitted from the role of legislators chosen in 1786. Much seems to have been anticipated from this onset upon the legal fraternity, but the malcontents were greatly disappointed in the results of legislative action. The lower house passed a bill regulating the practice of the law as well as the fee list, but the Senate refused to concur, postponing its consideration to the next session. Then the House refused to act upon a petition from Bristol County for an emission of paper money, and the popular plan of making real and personal estate a tender at an appraisement in discharge of executions, was also defeated. After having negatived these and some other matters of legislation demanded by the disaffected, the Legislature adjourned early in July. ^ Conventions again Failing to Carry out their propositions in Resorted to. tlic General Court, the reformers or "regulators," as they styled themselves, sought .to compass their ends by means of county conventions. The rapidity with which these meetings followed each other points to a preconcerted plan to excite tlie people to the 1 Minot's Insurrections, pp. 20-32.
1766.] DIVIDING THE COUNTY—HAMPSHIRE GAZETTE. 485 utmost tlirougliout the Commonwealth, and in the end gain by violence what they did not succeed in accomplishing by packing the Legislature. Nothing so inflamed the people as the discussion by wily demagogues of their so- called grievances, and no opijortunity was better fitted to that end than these gatherings. Voting themselves lawful and constitutional bodies—a formula that was never omitted—seems to have endowed them in the minds of their promoters, with supreme power. While there was nothing pertaining to government that was not a grievance, their principal and favorite method of redress was the stoppage of the courts. It was the one thing the disaffected could themselves accomplish. For the rest they must await the formal action of the constituted government. In the same breath they denounced lawlessness and decried the only constituted means by which crime could be punished. They belittled government in all that pertained to its functions, and voted that the safeguards which protected property, and made society possible, were grievances that ought to be abated. By incendiary appeals they marshalled the forces of rebellion, and mildly deprecated overt action. It was a trick of the demagogues to work up the passions of their followers to the simmering point, and then serenely implore them not to boil over. The Opening Cou- The first of tliese conventions that set the vention. forces of the unruly in motion, convened at Worcester, on the 15"' of August, five weeks after the adjournment of the Legislature. A month before the convention was held a paper was circulated throughout the County of Worcester, which received thousands of signatures. The subscribers bound themselves to use their best endeavors to prevent the sitting of the Infe- rior Court of Common Pleas or of any other court that should attempt to take property by distress. They also agreed to prevent any public sales of personal property seized by distress, even at the risk of their lives and for- tunes, till their grievances ^vere legally redressed. ^ In this convention thirty-seven towns were represented : the deplorable state of the times was enlarged upon, and a for- 1 McMaster's History of the People of the United States, vol. 1, p. 306.
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484 HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON. [1786.<br />
with a hatred that grew by what it fed on, and was bitter<br />
and deep-seated. With the revival <strong>of</strong> the mach<strong>in</strong>ery <strong>of</strong><br />
the law, which had been to some extent thrust aside dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the struggle for liberty, lawyers became the most prosperous<br />
among the pr<strong>of</strong>essional classes. Debts had multi-<br />
plied to an enormous extent, everywhere the law was <strong>in</strong>voked<br />
to enforce payment, and the attorneys were co<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
money. The demand had <strong>in</strong>creased the supply much beyond<br />
the ord<strong>in</strong>ary number, and they soon became a sh<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
mark for the vengeance <strong>of</strong> the discontented. This jealousy<br />
aga<strong>in</strong>st lawyers prevailed throughout the state . They<br />
were denounced <strong>in</strong> the strongest terms <strong>of</strong> reproach, the<br />
press was used to vilify them and they were regarded as<br />
rogues, rascals, and thieves, and to them was attributed the<br />
largest share <strong>of</strong> the ills under which the country groaned.<br />
Po<strong>in</strong>ted out as the class to be abolished, the electors were<br />
strongly urged to leave them out <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice, and to <strong>in</strong>struct<br />
their representatives to annihilate them. These sentiments<br />
prevailed to such an extent throughout the state, that law-<br />
yers were very generally omitted <strong>from</strong> the role <strong>of</strong> legislators<br />
chosen <strong>in</strong> 1786. Much seems to have been anticipated <strong>from</strong><br />
this onset upon the legal fraternity, but the malcontents were<br />
greatly disappo<strong>in</strong>ted <strong>in</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> legislative action.<br />
The lower house passed a bill regulat<strong>in</strong>g the practice <strong>of</strong><br />
the law as well as the fee list, but the Senate refused to<br />
concur, postpon<strong>in</strong>g <strong>its</strong> consideration to the next session.<br />
Then the House refused to act upon a petition <strong>from</strong> Bristol<br />
County for an emission <strong>of</strong> paper money, and the popular<br />
plan <strong>of</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g real and personal estate a tender at an appraisement<br />
<strong>in</strong> discharge <strong>of</strong> executions, was also defeated.<br />
After hav<strong>in</strong>g negatived these and some other matters <strong>of</strong><br />
legislation demanded by the disaffected, the Legislature<br />
adjourned early <strong>in</strong> July. ^<br />
Conventions aga<strong>in</strong> Fail<strong>in</strong>g to Carry out their propositions <strong>in</strong><br />
Resorted to. tlic General Court, the reformers or "regulators,"<br />
as they styled themselves, sought<br />
.to compass their ends by means <strong>of</strong> county conventions.<br />
The rapidity with which these meet<strong>in</strong>gs followed each other<br />
po<strong>in</strong>ts to a preconcerted plan to excite tlie people to the<br />
1 M<strong>in</strong>ot's Insurrections, pp. 20-32.