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8 Mackey, A.P. (1972). An air-lift for sampling freshwater benthos. Oikos 23, 413-415. [Compares his air-lift sampler with corer of Maitland (1969)] FW Mackie, G.L. & Qadri, S.U. (1971). A quantitative sampler for aquatic phytomacrofauna. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 28, 1322-1324. [Compares their new sampler with Ekman grab] FW Masse, H. (1967). Emploi d'une suceuse hydraulique transformee pour les prelevements dans les substrats meubles infralittoraux. (Use of a transformed hydraulic dredge for quantitative sampling in the loose infralittoral substratum) (In French). Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 15, 500-505. [Compares suction dredge with orange-peel grab] Mar Mclntyre, A.D. (1956). The use of trawl, grab and camera in estimating marine benthos. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 35, 419-429. [Compares catches of Agassiz trawl and van Veen grab with estimates of animal abundance from underwater photographs] Mar Mclntyre, A.D. (1971). Deficiency of gravity corers for sampling meiobenthos and sediments. Nature, Lond, 231, 260. [Compares gravity corer with diver-operated manual corer] Mar Meehan, W.R. & Elliot , S.T. (1974). Comparative effectiveness of the standard Surber sampler and a hydraulic modification for estimating bottom fauna populations. Progve Fish Cult. 36, 16-19. [Compares Surber sampler used in usual way with method in which sampling area of Surber sampler is washed by jet of mixed air and water; catch higher with latter method] FW Menzies, R.J. & Rowe, G.T. (1968). The LUBS, a large undisturbed bottom sampler. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13, 708-714. [Compares their gravity corer with Campbell grab] Mar Milbrink, G. (1971). A simplified tube bottom sampler. Oikos 22, 260-263. [Compares his gravity corers with Ekman grab] FW Milbrink, G. & Wiederholm, T. (1973). Sampling efficiency of four types of mud bottom samplers. Oikos 24, 479-482. [Compares Ekman grab, modified Ekman grab, multiple corer of Milbrink (1971) and single gravity corer] FW Mundie, J.H. (1971). Sampling benthos and substrate materials, down to 50 microns in size, in shallow streams. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 28, 849-60. [Examines effects of different mesh sizes on the catches obtained from his sampler] FW Needham, P.R. & Usinger, R.L. (1956). Variability in the macrofauna of a single riffle in Prosser Creek, California, as indicated by the Surber sampler. Hilgardia 24, 383-409. [Examines efficiency of Surber sampler in shallow stony riffle] FW Neiman, A.A. (1965). Quantitative distribution of benthos on the continental plateau of Western Kamtchatka and several problems on the methodology of research. (In Russian). Okeanologiya 5, 1052-1059. [Compares Okean 50 grab with prismatic grab of Gordeev] Mar Orton, J.H. (1925). On the efficiency of the Petersen grab. Nature, Lond. 115, 156-157. Mar Paterson, C.G. & Fernando, C.H. (1971). A comparison of a simple corer and an Ekman grab for sampling shallow-water benthos. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 28, 365-368. FW 49
8 Pearson, R.G., Litterick, M.R. & Jones, N.V. (1973). An air-lift for quantitative sampling of the benthos. Freshwat. Biol. 3, 309-15. [Compares air-lift sampler with Surber sampler and Allan grab] FW Petersen, C.G.J. (1913). Valuation of the sea. II. The animal communities of the sea bottom and their importance for marine zoogeography. Rep. Dan. biol. Stn 25, 62 pp. [Compares his grab with a dredge] Mar Prejs., A. (1969). Differences in abundance of benthos and reliability of its assessment in several lake habitats. Ekol. pol. (A) 17, 133-47. [Compares two corers (sampling area 10 cm 2 , 45 cm 2 ) of Kajak et al. (1965) with three Ekman grabs (sampling area 225 cm 2 and grab 20 cm or 40 cm high, sampling area 500 cm 2 and grab 40 cm high] FW Reys, J.P. (1964). Les prelevements quantitatifs du benthos de substrats meubles. (Quantitative sampling of the benthos of loose substrata) (In French). Terre Vie 94-105. [Compares Petersen grab, van Veen grab, orange-peel grab, Smith-Mclntyre grab, Holme double mud scoop] Mar Reys, J.P., True, R. (1966). Un nouvel appareil de prelevement quantitatif de substrats meubles. (New apparatus for the quantitative sampling of loose substrata) (In French). 2nd Int. oceanogr. Congr. Moscow 2, 298-299. [Abstract only: see True et al (1968), compares their suction sampler with dredge and orange-peel grab] Mar Riedl, R. (1958). An attempt to test the efficiency of ecological field methods and the validity of their results. In Perspectives in marine biology (ed. A.A. Buzzati-Traverso). Berkeley, Univ. of Calif. Press, 57-65. [A short review of the literature] Mar Sander, G. (1957). Beitrag zur Genauigkeit der Bodengreifermethodik. (Contribution on the accuracy of the bottom-grab method) (In German). Z. Fisch. N.F. 6, 251. [Chiefly discusses the effects of different sieve sizes on the efficiency of removal of invertebrates from samples taken with a bottom grab] FW Seyb, S.M., Hammond, S.R. & Gilliard, T. (1977). A new device for recording the behaviour of a piston corer. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 943-950. [Describes an instrument package used to record the behaviour of piston corers during free-fall and penetration of the substratum] Mar Sly, P.G. (1969). Bottom sediment sampling. Proc. 12th Conf. Gt Lakes Res. 883-898. [Compares the performance of the following samplers in lakes: Franklin-Anderson grab, Dietz-La Fond grab, Birge-Ekman Grab, Petersen grab, Ponar grab, Shipek grab, Benthos gravity corer, Alpine gravity corer, Phleger corer, 4 and 7-tubes multiple corers] FW Smith, K.L. & Howard, J.D. (1972). Comparison of a grab sampler and large volume corer. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17, 142-145. [Compares Smith- Mclntyre grab with box corer of Bouma & Marshall (1964), Rosfelder & Marshall (1967)] Mar Smith, W. & Mclntyre, A.D. (1954). A spring-loaded bottom sampler. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 33, 257-264. [Compares new sampler with 0.1 m 2 van Veen grab and 0.2 m 2 Petersen grab] Mar Stanczykowska, A. (1966). Some methodical problems in zoomicrobenthos studies. Ekol. pol. (A) 14, 385-393. [Compares Ekman grab and two corers of sampling areas 10 cm and 43 cm ] FW 50
Page 2 and 3: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SAMPLERS FOR BENT
Page 4 and 5: Introduction This annotated bibliog
Page 6 and 7: SUMMARY TABLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF
Page 8 and 9: 1.2 Schwoerbel, J. (1970). Methods
Page 10 and 11: 2.1 2. NETS AND QUADRAT SAMPLERS 2.
Page 12 and 13: 2.1 Wilding, J.L. (1940). A new squ
Page 14 and 15: 3. SCOOPS, SHOVELS AND DREDGES 3.1.
Page 16 and 17: 3.3 3.3. DREDGES [Samplers that are
Page 18 and 19: 3.3 Howard, A.E. (1976) . A compari
Page 20 and 21: 3.4 Sanders, H.L. (1956). Oceanogra
Page 22 and 23: 4.2 Murray, T.D. & Charles, W.N. (1
Page 24 and 25: 4.5 Smith, W. & Mclntyre, A.D. (195
Page 26 and 27: 4.7 McCullough, J.D. & Williams, S.
Page 28 and 29: 5.2 Brinkhurst, R.O. & Kennedy, C.R
Page 30 and 31: 5.2 Hough, J.L. (1939). Bottom samp
Page 32 and 33: 5.2 Naumann, E. (1916). Om profillo
Page 34 and 35: 5.2 Staaten, L.M.J.U. van (1954). C
Page 36 and 37: 5.3 Burnett, B.R. (1977). Quantitat
Page 38 and 39: 5.4 Pettersson, 0. (1928). A new ap
Page 40 and 41: 6.1 6. SUCTION AND AIR-LIFT SAMPLER
Page 42 and 43: 6.4 Emig, C.C. (1977). Un nouvel as
Page 44 and 45: 6.6 Barnett, P.R.O. & Hardy, B.L.S.
Page 46 and 47: 8. EFFICIENCIES AND COMPARISONS 8 X
Page 48 and 49: Gallardo, V.A. (1965). Observations
Page 52 and 53: Tanaka, H. (1967). On the change of
Page 54 and 55: INDEX 10 SAMPLERS WITH COMMON NAMES
Page 56 and 57: 'Rammer lead' corer (Strom 1934) 5.
Page 58 and 59: Author Section Author Section Davis
Page 60 and 61: Author Section Author Section Macan
Page 62: Author Section Zelt, K.A. & Cliffor

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