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Introduction
This annotated bibliography covers the literature to the end of
November 1977 and includes references to samplers that could be used for
the rapid removal of benthic invertebrates from the natural substrata of
rivers and streams. The bibliography does not therefore include refer-
ences to colonisation samplers using artificial or natural substrata, or
to light traps, or to traps for catching drifting invertebrates, upstream
-moving invertebrates and the emerging imagines of aquatic insects.
Although sub-surface samplers that require colonisation of substrata in
containers are excluded, tubes that are driven into the substratum to
sample immediately the interstitial and hyporheal fauna are included in
the section on small diameter corers (5.2). The bibliography also
includes marine samplers that have been, or could be, used in freshwater.
Although our coverage of Russian work is incomplete, we have included a
selection of recent and important references. We will continue collect-
ing references and will be pleased to receive copies or notifications of
papers omitted and new publications.
We have seen nearly all the publications in this bibliography and
the brief annotations include information on sampling area, mode of
operation, or any other characteristics that we consider important. The
review section is deliberately biased towards freshwater samplers and
includes a selection of the more relevant publications on sampling marine
benthos. References to samplers are divided into the following six
major categories: net and quadrat samplers; scoops, shovels and dredges;
grabs; corers; suction and air-lift samplers; electroshocking samplers.
This classification of samplers according to type is continued within
each of these sections except the last. The references to samplers have
also been classified according to the mode of operation of the sampler
(S = sampler limited to shallow water of wadeable depth; D = diver-
operated sampler; R = sampler operated by remote control from above water
surface), the type of substratum on which the sampler can be used (M =
mud and soft sediments; C = coarse gravel; L = large stones; P = macro-
phytes), and the origin of the sampler (Mar = marine; FW = freshwater).
This classification is based on the information supplied by the authors
and we have assumed that the information is correct. Most of the foreign
titles have been translated into English.
The number of references in each category is shown in the summary
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