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4.5<br />

Smith, W. & Mclntyre, A.D. (1954). A spring-loaded bottom sampler.<br />

J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 33, 257-264. [Original description; weight<br />

about 45 kg] R, M, Mar<br />

4.5. VAN VEEN-TYPE<br />

[Jaws closed by pincer-like action of two long arms;<br />

usually samples about 0.1 m 2 of bottom]<br />

Kornicker, L.S. (1958). Ecology and taxonomy of recent marine ostracodes<br />

in the Bimini area, Great Bahama Bank. Pubis Inst. mar. Sci. Univ.<br />

Texas 5, 194-300. [Describes Emery modification of van Veen grab]<br />

R, MC, Mar<br />

Lassig, J. (1965). An improvement to the van Veen bottom grab. J. Cons.<br />

perm. int. Explor. Mer 29, 352-353. [Modified release mechanism]<br />

R, MC, Mar<br />

Nichols, M.M. & Ellison, R.L. (1966). Light-weight bottom samplers for<br />

shallow water. Chesapeake Sci. 7, 215-7. [Small version of van Veen<br />

grab; sampling area 140 cm 2 ] R, M, Mar<br />

Thamdrup, H.M. (1938). Der van Veen-Bodengreifer. Vergleichsversuche uber<br />

die Leistungsfahigkeit des van Veen und des Petersen Bodengreifers.<br />

(The van Veen bottom grab. Comparison of the efficiency of the van Veen<br />

and Petersen bottom grabs) (In German). J. Cons. perm. int. Explor.<br />

Mer 13, 206-212. [Describes van Veen grab] R, M, Mar<br />

Veen, J. van (1936). Onderzoekingen in de Hoofden, in verband met de<br />

gesteldheid der Nederlandsche Kust. (In Dutch). Diss. University of<br />

Leiden. [Original description] R, M, Mar<br />

4.6. OTHER GRABS<br />

Allan, I.R.H. (1952). A hand-operated quantitative grab for sampling<br />

river beds. J. Anim. Ecol. 21, 159-160. [Hand-operated but can be<br />

used to depth of 3.3 m; sampling area 348 cm 2 ] R, MC, FW<br />

Auerbach, M. (1953). Ein quantitativer Bodengreifer. (A quantitative<br />

bottom grab) (In German). Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. SudwDtl. 12, 17-23.<br />

[Cross between a box corer and a grab, latter closes bottom of box,<br />

weight 13.25 kg] R, M, FW<br />

Baird, R.H. (1958). A preliminary account of a new half square meter<br />

bottom sampler. I.C.E.S. Shellfish Committee, Paper no. 70. [Used<br />

for epifauna of oyster beds; jaws closed by springs and levers, sampler<br />

not enclosed on upper surface, sampling area 0.5 m 2 ] R, M, Mar<br />

Bay, E.C. & Frommer, S.I. (1965). A littoral dredge for quantitative<br />

bottom samples. Calif. Vector Views 12, 56-57. [Hand-operated grab]<br />

S, MC, FW<br />

Borutskii, E.V. (1952). On the priority of quantitative studies of the<br />

benthos. (In Russian). Zool. Zh. 31, 843-845. [Describes Klassen<br />

grab with semi-cylindrical jaws that are freed on contact with bottom<br />

by a release mechanism operated with a separate rope; sampling area<br />

0.09 m 2 ] R, M, Mar<br />

23

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