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2.1
Wilding, J.L. (1940). A new square foot aquatic sampler. Spec. Publs,
limnol. Soc. Am. No. 4, 1-4. [Outer cylinder with sampling area of
929 cm2 is first driven into substratum, then large stones are washed
and removed. Inner cylinder with valve bottom is inserted, then valve
is closed and inner cylinder containing the sample is removed (mesh
size of inner cylinder 9 meshes cm -1 )] S, CL, FW
Withers, J.D. & Benson, A. (1962). Evaluation of a modified Surber bottom
fauna sampler. Proc. W. Va Acad. Sci. 34, 16-20.
2.1 b) Invertebrates on macrophytes
Andrews, J.D. & Hasler, A.D. (1944). Fluctuations in the animal
populations of the littoral zone in Lake Mendota. Trans. Wis. Acad.
Sci. Arts Lett. 35, 175-186. [Plants enclosed by canvas bag with
zip in side to allow operator to reach in and detach plants from bottom;
mouth of bag can be closed so that sample is removed from water;
sampling area 0.5 m2] S, P, FW
But, V.I. (1938). Quantitative drag for the investigation of the benthos
of weed-beds in water-bodies. (In Russian). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 14.
[Pair of movable knives are pulled towards pair of fixed knives and
pull a bag of bolting cloth behind them. Sample is thus enclosed in a
bag] S, P, FW
Forsberg, C. (1959). Quantitative sampling of subaquatic vegetation.
Oikos 10, 233-240. [Cuts vegetation from 1 dm2; may also sample
invertebrates but sampler will not prevent some invertebrates from
escaping] S, P, FW
Garnett, P.A. & Hunt, R.H. (1965). Two techniques for sampling freshwater
habitats. Hydrobiologia 26, 114-20. [Cylindrical sampler with
cutting blade at bottom and sampling area of 0.033 m2; modified Ekman
grab with one jaw sharpened and sampling area of 0.050 m2; both
samplers used for sampling molluscs] SR, P, FW
Gerking, S.D. (1957). A method of sampling the littoral macrofauna and
its application. Ecology 38, 219-266. [Box sampler with closing
bottom; plants have to be cut manually] S, P, FW
Gillespie, D.M. & Brown, C.J.D. (1966). A quantitative sampler for
macroinvertebrates associated with aquatic macrophytes. Limnol.
Oceanogr. 11, 404-406. [Plants enclosed in a vertical bag and the
open bottom of the bag is closed with a sliding door fitted with blades;
cutter is operated from above the water surface; sampling area 0.1 m2]
S, P, FW
Grontved, J. (1957). A sampler for underwater macrovegetation in shallow
waters. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Msr, 22, 293-297. [Cylindrical
sampler with vertical and horizontal cutters] S, P, FW
Howard-Williams, C. & Longman, T.G. (1976). A quantitative sampler for
submerged aquatic macrophytes. J. limnol. Soc. Sth. Afr. 2, 31-33.
[Rotary cutter with lower blades and hooks to entangle plants; sampling
area 625 cm2; samples to depth of 3 m; designed for sampling macrophytes
but could be used for sessile invertebrates on macrophytes] R, P, FW
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