Parker O-Ring Handbook.pdf

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Basic O-Ring Elastomers 2-16 Compression Set – Percent 0 20 40 60 80 W=0.070 Nitrile Neoprene Silicone Ethylene Propylene Flourosilicone 100 200 300 400 500 Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 22 Hours Figure 2-14: Compression Set .070 Cross Section Compression Set – Percent 0 20 40 60 80 W=0.210 Neoprene Nitrile Silicone Ethylene Propylene Acrylate Fluorocarbon 100 200 300 400 500 Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 22 Hours Figure 2-16: Compression Set .210 Cross Section Acrylate Fluorocarbon Flourosilicone Parker O-Ring Handbook Compression Set – Percent 0 20 40 60 80 W=0.139 Nitrile Silicone Neoprene Ethylene Propylene 100 200 300 400 500 Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 22 Hours Figure 2-15: Compression Set .139 Cross Section Compression Set – Percent 0 20 40 60 80 W=0.275 Neoprene Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 22 Hours Fluorocarbon Flourosilicone 100 200 300 400 500 Nitrile Acrylate Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com Acrylate Ethylene Propylene Flourosilicone Fluorocarbon Figure 2-17: Compression Set .275 Cross Section Silicone
2.4.12 Thermal Effects All rubber is subject to deterioration at high temperature. Volume change and compression set are both greatly infl uenced by heat. Hardness is infl uenced in a rather complex way. The fi rst effect of increased temperature is to soften the compound. This is a physical change, and will reverse when the temperature drops. However, it must be considered in high pressure applications because a compound that is suffi ciently hard to resist extrusion at room temperature may begin to fl ow and extrude through the clearance gap as the temperature rises, due to this softening effect. With increasing time at high temperature, chemical changes slowly occur. These generally cause an increase in hardness, along with volume and compression set changes as mentioned above. Changes in tensile strength and elongation are also involved. Being chemical in nature, these changes are not reversible. With the exception of the cryogenics fi eld, the tendency is to overlook the effects of low temperatures on elastomeric seal compounds as they are generally reversible as the temperature rises. Any changes induced by low temperature are primarily physical and, as stated, are reversible. An elastomer will almost completely regain its original properties when warmed. There are several tests that are used to defi ne low temperature characteristics of a compound, but there does not seem to be much correlation among them. Perhaps the best of the low temperature tests is TR-10 or Temperature Retraction Test. The TR-10 test results are easily reproducible and are used extensively in many different specifi cations, not only for assuring low temperature performance but occasionally as a quality assurance measure as well. From experience, we have found that most compounds will provide effective sealing at 8°C (15°F) below their TR-10 temperature values. However, careful study of the paragraphs on “temperature” later in this section and in Section III should be made before selecting a compound for low temperature service. If low pressures are anticipated at low temperature, hardness should be considered along with the low temperature properties of the compound. As temperature decreases, hardness increases. Low pressures require a soft material that can be easily deformed as it is forced against mating surfaces. It is possible that a 70 durometer compound at room temperature might harden to 85 durometer at -34°C (-30°F) and fail to respond to low pressure at this temperature. On the other hand, the same type of compound with 40 durometer hardness at room temperature may register only 75 durometer at -34°C (-30°F) and provide somewhat better response. In moderate pressure service, low temperature hardness increase is seldom of consequence. However, hardness is only one of several factors to consider when low temperature performance is involved. Flexibility, resilience, compression set and brittleness are perhaps more basic criteria for sealing at low temperature than measured hardness. This may be demonstrated by Parker O-Ring Handbook reference to Figure 2-18 that shows the variation in hardness for several elastomers at low temperatures. It is signifi cant that many of the materials for which hardness is plotted in Figure 2-18 are considered good for seal service at temperatures considerably below that at which durometer hardness tends to reach a maximum. This clearly illustrates that durometer measurements alone are not reliable determinants of low temperature seal performance. The swelling or shrinkage effect of the fl uid being sealed must also be taken into account. If the seal swells, it is absorbing fl uids which may act in much the same way as a low temperature plasticizer, allowing the seal to remain more fl exible at low temperature than was possible before the absorption of the fl uid. If the seal shrinks, something is being extracted from the compound. The greater part of the leached material is usually the plasticizer provided by the compounder for low temperature fl exibility. This being the case, the seal may now lose some of its original fl exibility at low temperature. It may become stiff at a temperature 2°C to 5°C (5°F to 10°F) higher than that at which it is rated. Crystallization is another side effect of low temperature operation that must be considered, especially for dynamic applications. (Crystallization is the re-orientation of molecular segments causing a change of properties in the compound). When a compound crystallizes it becomes rigid and has none of the resilience that is so necessary for an effective seal. This phenomenon manifests itself as a fl at spot on the O-ring and is sometimes misinterpreted as compression set. The fl atness will gradually disappear and the seal will regain its original resilience upon warming. Initially, it may take two or three months for a compound to crystallize at a low or moderate temperature. However, on succeeding exposures to low temperature, crystallization sets in much more rapidly. Hardness, Shore A Scale 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Effect of Low Temperature on Rubber Hardness 50 °F -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 °C -57 -51 -46 -40 -34 -29 -23 -18 -12 -7 Temperature Ethylene-Propylene Silicone Nitrile Neoprene Fluorosilicone Nitrile Fluorocarbon Nitrile Figure 2-18: Effect of Low Temperature on Rubber Hardness 30 -1 40 4 50 10 60 16 70 80 21 27 Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com Basic O-Ring Elastomers 2-17
Page 1 and 2: aerospace climate control electrome
Page 3 and 4: 50 th 50 th 50 th Anniversary Editi
Page 5 and 6: Section I - Introduction 1.0 How to
Page 7 and 8: 1.4 Operation All robust seals are
Page 9 and 10: 1.7.1 Static Seals In a truly stati
Page 11 and 12: 1.11 Comparison of Common Seal Type
Page 13 and 14: Section II - Basic O-Ring Elastomer
Page 15 and 16: 2.1.2 Rubber Rubber-like materials
Page 17 and 18: 2.2.6 Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Chlor
Page 19 and 20: 2.3 Compound Selection and Numberin
Page 21 and 22: O-ring seal, whether static or dyna
Page 23 and 24: Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
Page 25 and 26: Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
Page 27: Compression Set (% ) 100 Figure 2-1
Page 31 and 32: coeffi cient of expansion for that
Page 33 and 34: 2.6 Aging Deterioration with time o
Page 35 and 36: A well-known rapid method for mater
Page 37 and 38: 2.13.2 Temperature Temperature rang
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Page 41 and 42: misapplication might be greatly red
Page 43 and 44: c. Elongation Change Experience wil
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Page 47 and 48: Section III - O-Ring Applications 3
Page 49 and 50: 3.1.2 Temperature Operating tempera
Page 51 and 52: O-Lube has some unique advantages.
Page 53 and 54: Parker Boss Kit Sizes Size Dimensio
Page 55 and 56: Recovery Percent of Original Delect
Page 57 and 58: 3.9.5 Fuels for Automobile Engines
Page 59 and 60: Parker Seal produces a number of co
Page 61 and 62: 3.9.16 Fungus-Resistant Compounds B
Page 63 and 64: 3.9.17.2 Concentrates Containing Mi
Page 65 and 66: Where temperatures do not go below
Page 67 and 68: Permeability Rate - CC/SEC/ATM Effe
Page 69 and 70: Underwriters’ Laboratories Approv
Page 71 and 72: Parker Seal Elastic Drive Belt Comp
Page 73 and 74: Parker O-Ring Handbook Gas Permeabi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gas Permeabi
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Section IV - Static O-Ring Sealing
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The 4-3 and 4-7 design charts are o
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(e) 0° to 5° (Typ.) 63 Break Corn
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215 1.301 1.305 1.079 1.060 1.063 1
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Guide for Design Table 4-2 If Desir
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gland Dimens
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Dovetail Grooves It is often necess
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Parker O-Ring Handbook This type of
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F .031 .016 RAD K Parker O-Ring Han
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Gland Detail 0° to 5° Break Corne
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Section V - Dynamic O-Ring Sealing
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When a cylinder rod extends out int
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It can be clearly seen from Figure
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5.11 Friction Friction, either brea
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5-9 Dynamic O-Ring Sealing Parker H
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For the same conditions, friction a
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5.15 Spiral Failure A unique type o
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5.16.1 Small Amount of Leakage 1. E
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Recommended dimensions for fl oatin
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for this service. See Section II, B
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5.30.2 Calculation of Drive Belt Cr
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gland Design
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124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
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240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 325
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448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456
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X Gland Detail 0° to 5° Break Cor
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5.31.3 O-Ring Glands for Pneumatic
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Design Table
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5.31.4 O-Ring Glands for Rotary Sea
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Rotary O-Rin
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Rotary O-Rin
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Section VI - Back-Up Rings 6.1 Intr
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6.4.2 Metal Non-Extrusion Rings In
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Parker Parbak 8-Series Dimensions (
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Parker Parbak 8-Series Dimensions (
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Back-Up Rings Cross Reference (Cont
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Section VII
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COMPOUND COMPATIBILITY RATING 1 - S
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Section VIII - Specifi cations 8.1
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Military Fluid Specifi cation Descr
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AMS (1) and NAS (2) Rubber Specifi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Compound Sel
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Section IX Sizes Parker Series 2-XX
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Table 9-1: Parker Series 2-XXX O-Ri
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Parker Serie
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Series 5-XXX Locator Table Size I.D
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Inside Diame
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JIS B2401 Sizes JIS Thickness Inner
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Section X - Appendix 10.1 O-Ring Fa
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10.1.1.2 Extrusion and Nibbling Ext
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10.1.1.6 Installation Damage Many O
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Parker Seal also has the capability
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10.3 Glossary of Seal and Rubber Te
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Flash: Excess rubber left around ru
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(b) REP (Roentgen equivalent-physic
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10.4 Abbreviations ACM Polyacrylate
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Compound Shrinkage Class Compound N
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Table 10-8: Dimensions From Standar
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Dimensions F
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Appendix 10-32 Parker O-Ring Handbo
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Index — A — Abbreviations. . .
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International O-Ring Standards and
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Offer of Sale 1. Terms and Conditio
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Parker’s Total inPHorm Take the g
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