Parker O-Ring Handbook.pdf

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Basic O-Ring Elastomers 2-14 Swell may actually augment seal effectiveness under some circumstances. For instance, (1) swell may compensate for compression set. If a seal relaxes 15% and swells 20%, the relaxation (compression set) tends to be canceled by the swell (see Table 2-4), (2) absorbed fl uid may have somewhat the same effect on a compound as the addition of plasticizers, softening and thus providing more seal fl exibility at the low temperature end of its operating range. These “potential” good effects however, should not be relied upon when choosing a compound for an application. Awareness of these facts is of interest as they can and frequently do contribute to enhanced seal performance. The amount of volume swell after longterm immersion — stabilized volume — is seldom reported because it takes several readings to identify. The usual 70-hour ASTM immersion test will indicate a swelling effect, whereas a long-term test shows shrinkage. Thus swell indicated by short-term testing may only be an interim condition. Shrinkage or decrease in volume is usually accompanied by an increase in hardness. Also, just as swell compensates for compression set, shrinkage will intensify the compression set effect causing the seal to pull away from sealing surfaces, thus providing a leak path. It is apparent then, that shrinkage is far more critical than swell. More than 3 or 4% shrinkage can be serious for dynamic seals. In some instances, fl uids may extract plasticizers, causing the seal to shrink when the fl uid is temporarily removed and the seal is allowed to dry out. Such shrinkage may or may not be serious; depending on its magnitude, gland design, and the degree of leakage tolerable before the seal re-swells and regains its sealing line of contact. However, even if the seal does re-swell there is Compression Set vs. Volume Change Parker Compound: Butyl Time: 168 hrs. Temperature: 74°C (165°F) Defl ection used: 25% Air Fluorolube Fluoroester Volume Change % 0 +19.5 -0.4 Set % of Original Defl ection 25.4 0 20.7 Table 2-4: Compression Set vs. Volume Change Original Thickness t o Figure 2-9: Compression Set Parker O-Ring Handbook the danger that it may not properly reseat itself. If any shrinkage is a possibility in an application, it must be considered thoroughly and carefully. 2.4.11 Compression Set Compression set is generally determined in air aging and reported as the percent of defl ection by which the elastomer fails to recover after a fi xed time under specifi ed squeeze and temperature. Zero percent (0%) indicates no relaxation has occurred whereas 100% indicates total relaxation; the seal just contacts mating surfaces but no longer exerts a force against those surfaces. Compression set may also be stated as a percent of original thickness. However, percent of original defl ection is more common. See Figure 2-9. Although it is generally desirable to have low compression set properties in a seal material, this is not so critical as it might appear from a practical design standpoint, because of actual service variables. It is easy to go overboard on this property from a theoretical standpoint. Remember that a good balance of all physical properties is usually necessary for optimum seal performance. This is the eternal sealing compromise the seal designer always faces. For instance, a seal may continue to seal after taking a 100% compression set provided temperature and system pressure remain steady and no motion or force causes a break in the line of seal contact. Also, as mentioned previously, swelling caused by contact with the service fl uid may compensate for compression set. Table 2-4 shows the results of a laboratory test that illustrates this phenomenon. Note that in air and in the fl uid that caused slight shrinkage, the compound took a set of approximately 20 to 25%. In the fl uid that caused a 20% swell, there was no measurable compression set. The condition most to be feared is the combination of high compression set and shrinkage. This will always lead to seal failure unless exceptionally high squeeze is employed. See Figures 2-10 through 2-17. Deflection = t -t o s Return Compression Set = t -t o i Spacer Bar Recovered Thickness t i Example: t = 0.200 t = 0.150 t = 0.190 o s i Compression Set (As Percent of Original Deflection) (ASTM normally requires deflection equal to 1/4 t ) o t o - ti C = X 100 t o - ts C = 0.200 - 0.190 0.010 = X 100 =20% Compression Set 0.200 - 0.150 0.050 Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com
Compression Set (% ) 100 Figure 2-10: Compression Set VMQ 70 Compression Set (%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 °C °F Compression Set VMQ 70 Relationship between Compression set, deformation and cross-section 2 1 10 20 30 40 Cross-Section Deformation (%) Compression Set 1 2 100 125 212 257 Test Temperature Silicone VMQ 70 150 302 Compression Set Test at t = 70 h Compression Set Test at T = 100°C (212°F) t = 70 h Cross-Section ^ 1 = 1.80 mm (.07 in.) ^ 2 = 7.00 mm (.28 in.) NBR 70-1 (Normal Temperature NBR) NBR 70-2 (High Temperature NBR) O-Ring Cross-Section Deformed by 25% Cross-Section = 3.55 mm (.14 in.) Figure 2-12: Compression Set vs. NBR 70 Compounds Parker O-Ring Handbook Compression Set (% ) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Compression Set NBR 70 Relationship between Compression set, deformation and cross-section Figure 2-11: Compression Set NBR 70 Compression Set (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 °C °F 1 2 3 Nitrile- Butadiene NBR 70 10 20 30 40 Cross-Section Deformation (%) Compression Set Compression Set Against Temperature 3 2 4 100 125 150 175 200 212 257 302 347 392 Test Temperature Figure 2-13: Compression Set vs. Polymer Family 1 Compression Set Test at T = 100°C (212°F) t = 70 h Cross-Section ^ 1 = 1.80 mm (.07 in.) ^ 2 = 3.55 mm (.14 in.) ^ 3 = 7.00 mm (.28 in.) Compression Set Test at t = 70 h FKM — 1 ACM — 2 EPDM — 3 VMQ — 4 O-Ring Cross-Section Deformed by 25% Cross-Section = 3.55 mm (.14 in.) Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com Basic O-Ring Elastomers 2-15
Page 1 and 2: aerospace climate control electrome
Page 3 and 4: 50 th 50 th 50 th Anniversary Editi
Page 5 and 6: Section I - Introduction 1.0 How to
Page 7 and 8: 1.4 Operation All robust seals are
Page 9 and 10: 1.7.1 Static Seals In a truly stati
Page 11 and 12: 1.11 Comparison of Common Seal Type
Page 13 and 14: Section II - Basic O-Ring Elastomer
Page 15 and 16: 2.1.2 Rubber Rubber-like materials
Page 17 and 18: 2.2.6 Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Chlor
Page 19 and 20: 2.3 Compound Selection and Numberin
Page 21 and 22: O-ring seal, whether static or dyna
Page 23 and 24: Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
Page 25: Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
Page 29 and 30: 2.4.12 Thermal Effects All rubber i
Page 31 and 32: coeffi cient of expansion for that
Page 33 and 34: 2.6 Aging Deterioration with time o
Page 35 and 36: A well-known rapid method for mater
Page 37 and 38: 2.13.2 Temperature Temperature rang
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Page 41 and 42: misapplication might be greatly red
Page 43 and 44: c. Elongation Change Experience wil
Page 45 and 46: is possible to receive a part with
Page 47 and 48: Section III - O-Ring Applications 3
Page 49 and 50: 3.1.2 Temperature Operating tempera
Page 51 and 52: O-Lube has some unique advantages.
Page 53 and 54: Parker Boss Kit Sizes Size Dimensio
Page 55 and 56: Recovery Percent of Original Delect
Page 57 and 58: 3.9.5 Fuels for Automobile Engines
Page 59 and 60: Parker Seal produces a number of co
Page 61 and 62: 3.9.16 Fungus-Resistant Compounds B
Page 63 and 64: 3.9.17.2 Concentrates Containing Mi
Page 65 and 66: Where temperatures do not go below
Page 67 and 68: Permeability Rate - CC/SEC/ATM Effe
Page 69 and 70: Underwriters’ Laboratories Approv
Page 71 and 72: Parker Seal Elastic Drive Belt Comp
Page 73 and 74: Parker O-Ring Handbook Gas Permeabi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gas Permeabi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gas Permeabi
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Section IV - Static O-Ring Sealing
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The 4-3 and 4-7 design charts are o
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(e) 0° to 5° (Typ.) 63 Break Corn
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215 1.301 1.305 1.079 1.060 1.063 1
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Guide for Design Table 4-2 If Desir
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gland Dimens
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Dovetail Grooves It is often necess
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Parker O-Ring Handbook This type of
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F .031 .016 RAD K Parker O-Ring Han
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Gland Detail 0° to 5° Break Corne
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Section V - Dynamic O-Ring Sealing
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When a cylinder rod extends out int
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It can be clearly seen from Figure
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5.11 Friction Friction, either brea
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5-9 Dynamic O-Ring Sealing Parker H
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For the same conditions, friction a
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5.15 Spiral Failure A unique type o
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5.16.1 Small Amount of Leakage 1. E
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Recommended dimensions for fl oatin
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for this service. See Section II, B
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5.30.2 Calculation of Drive Belt Cr
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Gland Design
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124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
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240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 325
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448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456
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X Gland Detail 0° to 5° Break Cor
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5.31.3 O-Ring Glands for Pneumatic
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Design Table
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5.31.4 O-Ring Glands for Rotary Sea
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Rotary O-Rin
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Rotary O-Rin
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Section VI - Back-Up Rings 6.1 Intr
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6.4.2 Metal Non-Extrusion Rings In
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Parker Parbak 8-Series Dimensions (
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Parker Parbak 8-Series Dimensions (
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Back-Up Rings Cross Reference (Cont
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Section VII
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COMPOUND COMPATIBILITY RATING 1 - S
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Section VIII - Specifi cations 8.1
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Military Fluid Specifi cation Descr
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AMS (1) and NAS (2) Rubber Specifi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Compound Sel
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Section IX Sizes Parker Series 2-XX
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Table 9-1: Parker Series 2-XXX O-Ri
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Parker Serie
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Series 5-XXX Locator Table Size I.D
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Inside Diame
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JIS B2401 Sizes JIS Thickness Inner
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Section X - Appendix 10.1 O-Ring Fa
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10.1.1.2 Extrusion and Nibbling Ext
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10.1.1.6 Installation Damage Many O
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Parker Seal also has the capability
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10.3 Glossary of Seal and Rubber Te
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Flash: Excess rubber left around ru
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(b) REP (Roentgen equivalent-physic
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10.4 Abbreviations ACM Polyacrylate
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Compound Shrinkage Class Compound N
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Table 10-8: Dimensions From Standar
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Dimensions F
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Appendix 10-32 Parker O-Ring Handbo
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Index — A — Abbreviations. . .
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International O-Ring Standards and
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Offer of Sale 1. Terms and Conditio
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Parker’s Total inPHorm Take the g
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