Parker O-Ring Handbook.pdf

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Dynamic O-Ring Sealing 5-18 O-Ring Sections for Rotary Seals Speed (fpm*) Maximum Recommended “W” Dimension 0 to 200 Usually not critical (Use chart 5-2) 200 to 400 0.139 200 to 600 0.103 200 to 1500 0.070 *Feet per minute = 0.26 X Shaft Diameter (inches) X rpm. Table 5-5: O-Ring Sections for Rotary Seals Rotary Seal O-Ring 80 Durometer Soft Rubber Ring Soft O-Ring Figure 5-21: Spring-Loading for Rotary Seal The use of O-rings as high speed rotary shaft seals is usually not recommended for applications requiring lower than -40°C (-40°F) or higher than 121°C (250°F) operating temperatures. The O-ring gland in a rotary shaft application should not be used as a bearing surface. The shaft should be contained by bearings that will permit the O-ring to operate under the lowest possible heat and load. Because of the limited interference that must be used to avoid frictional heat, the O-ring will not compensate for shafts that are out of round or rotate eccentrically. Shafts should remain concentric within .013 mm (0.0005") T.I.R. Parker O-Ring Handbook Bearings of all types cause considerable local heat and seals placed too close to them will fail prematurely. Provision should be made for the dissipation of any heat that may be generated because of friction. The nearer to room temperature the seal interface, the longer the O-ring will seal. There are two methods commonly used to prevent high bearing heat build-up: Preferred: Provide a clearance of 0.203 mm (0.008") on a side between the rotating shaft and the O-ring housing. Make sure that the shaft does not rub the housing. For pressures exceeding 55.2 Bar (800 psi), decrease the diametrical clearance per Figure 3-2. Alternate: The bearing length should be at least 10 times the “W” dimension of the O-ring used. This provides for a greater area for heat transfer. If the clearance must be kept to a minimum to prevent high pressure extrusion, the 10 times “W” rule also applies. A fl oating gland (see Figure 5-18) is preferred to avoid high unit load at a local point or area. Experience has proven that it is desirable to use the O-ring with the smallest “W”, or cross-section diameter, available for the ID required. It is recommended that a “W” dimension of 0.103 be considered maximum for all speeds over 600 feet per minute. (See Table 5-5.) All metals and plastics suitable for the housing or gland construction of seal assemblies requiring rotary shaft seals can be used with O-rings. However, since most rotary seal compounds contain graphite as a compound ingredient, any metal, such as stainless steel, or surface treatment that may be adversely affected by this material should be avoided. To ensure maximum O-ring life, use an O-ring compound that has been specially developed for rotary seal applications and provides the required characteristics that are necessary Problem: To design a rotary seal gland for a 76.2 mm (3") (desired) shaft running at 1750 RPM with oil pressure at 6.9 Bar (100 psi). Procedural Steps: Example: (A) Calculate surface speed. (A) Speed = 0.26 X 3 X 1750 = 1365 fpm (B) Determine O-ring cross section that may be used from Table 5-5. (B) .070 (larger cross sections are eliminated due to speed) (C) Select .070 cross section O-ring with actual ID closest to desired shaft OD from Design Table 5-4. (C) Parker No. 2-041 (D) Add 0.002 to O-ring ID to determine max. actual shaft OD, B. (D) B max. = 2.969 + 0.002 = 2.991 (TOL: + .000, - .001) (E) Determine gland depth, L from Design Chart 5-4. (E) 0.065 to 0.067 (F) Calculate Gland Groove ID, A-1 (F) A-1 min. = 2.991 + 2(0.065) = 3.121 A-1 min = B max. + 2L min. A-1 max. = 2.990 + (0.067) = 3.124 A-1 max. = B min. + 2L max. A-1 = 3.121 (TOL: + .003, - .000) (G) Determine diametral clearance, E from Design Chart 5-4. (G) 0.012 + 0.016 (H) Calculate shaft bore D (H) D min. = 2.991 + 0.012 = 3.003 D min. = B max. + E min. D max. = 2.990 + 0.016 = 3.006 D max. = B min. + E max. D = 3.003 (TOL: + .003, -.000) (I) Determine groove width, G from Design Chart 5-4. (I) 0.075 - 0.079 (J) Check Figure 3-2 to make sure design is extrusion safe. Table 5-6: Rotary Seal Design Example Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com
for this service. See Section II, Basic O-Ring Elastomers, for more information on rotary seal compounds. Figure 5-21 shows two methods of “spring loading” the hard rotary seal. Either of these should only be used when absolutely necessary to obtain the desired seal. See Table 5-6 for a rotary seal design example. 5.28 Oscillating Seal In this guide, two types of oscillating seals are considered: 1. Faucet or valve stems are excellent examples of assemblies that can be simplifi ed by the use of an O-ring seal. Compression type or multiple-lip packing can be eliminated, reducing space requirements and eliminating the need for adjusting or take-up devices. For applications of this type, if the speed is under 200 feet per minute, use Design Table 5-2 for selecting O-ring sizes and gland dimensions. 2. Constantly oscillating shafts, such as those used on timing and metering devices, can be sealed satisfactorily with O-rings. If the motion is continuous for long periods of time, use Design Table 5-4 for O-ring sizes and gland dimensions. 5.29 Seat Seals A properly designed check or poppet type valve, with an O-ring on the seat, will give an exceptionally long, non-leaking service. Many designers and engineers make the costly mistake of trying to use a conventional groove (square or rectangular) design to hold the O-ring. With this type of groove, “blow-out’’ will normally occur when the valve is unseated. “Blow-out” is a type of seal failure caused by the action of the pressure in the system on the side of the O-ring, forcing it out of the groove into some other part of the valve or system. “Blow-out” usually occurs at differential pressures above 5.5 Bar (80 psi). The exact pressure will depend on the gas or fl uid, valve design and the physical properties of the O-ring when a non-retaining or conventional type groove is used. It should be kept in mind that blow-out is similar to extrusion, but that it occurs at considerably lower pressures. Figure 5-22 shows an O-ring on the seat of a check valve in a conventional groove. The seal is satisfactory as long as the valve is not opened at or near the pressure necessary to cause blow-out. O-Ring Pressure Figure 5-22: Valve Seat Seal, Standard Groove Parker O-Ring Handbook Figure 5-23 illustrates a valve opening above “blow-out” pressure. As the valve opens, the space between the two faces becomes increasingly larger. The pressure opening the valve is also acting on the O-ring, causing it to continue to seal the opening until it is stretched completely out of the groove and is blown out or forced into another part of the system. Gases such as air, LPG, CO2, etc. enter or permeate the O-ring. With release of pressure, the gas inside the O-ring can cause the seal to “balloon” or swell momentarily. (The amount depends on the pressure.) The ballooning effect that can occur at very low pressure usually pops the O-ring out of the groove the same as blow-out. “Ballooning” and “blow-out” often combine to cause valve seal failure. Another term often used to describe this phenomenon is “explosive decompression.” O-ring blow-out may be prevented by using a groove design which encloses more than 180° of the O-ring cross section or by venting the groove. Typical methods used are shown in Figure 5-24. If a rectangular groove must be used, alter the dimensions as follows: Groove depth — 0.015 to 0.025 less than O-ring cross section diameter. Groove width — 1.00 to 1.10 times the O-ring cross section diameter. Groove side angle — 0°, if possible. O-Ring Pressure Figure 5-23: O-Ring Blow-Out, Standard Groove O-Ring Figure 5-24: Groove Designs to Prevent Blow-Out O-Ring Pressure Parker Hannifi n Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 Fax: (859) 335-5128 www.parkerorings.com Dynamic O-Ring Sealing 5-19
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aerospace climate control electrome
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50 th 50 th 50 th Anniversary Editi
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Section I - Introduction 1.0 How to
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1.4 Operation All robust seals are
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1.7.1 Static Seals In a truly stati
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1.11 Comparison of Common Seal Type
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Section II - Basic O-Ring Elastomer
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2.1.2 Rubber Rubber-like materials
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2.2.6 Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Chlor
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2.3 Compound Selection and Numberin
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O-ring seal, whether static or dyna
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Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
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Percent Compression 40% 30% 20% 10%
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Compression Set (% ) 100 Figure 2-1
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2.4.12 Thermal Effects All rubber i
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coeffi cient of expansion for that
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2.6 Aging Deterioration with time o
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A well-known rapid method for mater
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2.13.2 Temperature Temperature rang
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100 80 60 40 20 0 °C -50 °F -58 -
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misapplication might be greatly red
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c. Elongation Change Experience wil
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is possible to receive a part with
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Section III - O-Ring Applications 3
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3.1.2 Temperature Operating tempera
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O-Lube has some unique advantages.
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Parker Boss Kit Sizes Size Dimensio
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Recovery Percent of Original Delect
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3.9.5 Fuels for Automobile Engines
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Parker Seal produces a number of co
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3.9.16 Fungus-Resistant Compounds B
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3.9.17.2 Concentrates Containing Mi
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Where temperatures do not go below
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Permeability Rate - CC/SEC/ATM Effe
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Underwriters’ Laboratories Approv
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Parker Seal Elastic Drive Belt Comp
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Page 123: Recommended dimensions for fl oatin
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Page 137 and 138: X Gland Detail 0° to 5° Break Cor
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Page 143 and 144: Parker O-Ring Handbook Design Table
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COMPOUND COMPATIBILITY RATING 1 - S
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Section VIII - Specifi cations 8.1
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Military Fluid Specifi cation Descr
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AMS (1) and NAS (2) Rubber Specifi
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Compound Sel
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Section IX Sizes Parker Series 2-XX
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Table 9-1: Parker Series 2-XXX O-Ri
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Parker Serie
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Parker Series 5-XXX O-Ring Sizes (C
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Series 5-XXX Locator Table Size I.D
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Inside Diame
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JIS B2401 Sizes JIS Thickness Inner
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Unusual Size
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Section X - Appendix 10.1 O-Ring Fa
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10.1.1.2 Extrusion and Nibbling Ext
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10.1.1.6 Installation Damage Many O
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Parker Seal also has the capability
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10.3 Glossary of Seal and Rubber Te
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Flash: Excess rubber left around ru
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(b) REP (Roentgen equivalent-physic
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10.4 Abbreviations ACM Polyacrylate
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Compound Shrinkage Class Compound N
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Table 10-8: Dimensions From Standar
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Parker O-Ring Handbook Dimensions F
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Appendix 10-32 Parker O-Ring Handbo
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Index — A — Abbreviations. . .
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International O-Ring Standards and
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Offer of Sale 1. Terms and Conditio
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Parker’s Total inPHorm Take the g
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