47th Croatian and 7th International Symposium on Agriculture ...

Section 3 . Genetics, Plant Breeding <strong>and</strong> Seed Production
Study of anthesis – silking interval (ASI) <strong>and</strong>
grain yield of maize testcrosses in stress <strong>and</strong>
nonstress environments
Ivica BUHINIČEK 1 , Mirko JUKIĆ 1 , Jerko GUNJAČA 2 , Hrvoje ŠARČEVIĆ 2 , Miroslav
BUKAN 2 , Branko PALAVERŠIĆ 1 , Zdravko KOZIĆ 1 , Antun VRAGOLOVIĆ 1 , Ivan PEJIC 2
1 Bc Institute for Breeding <strong>and</strong> Production of Field Crops Zagreb, Rugvica, Dugoselska 7, 10370 Dugo Selo, Croatia
(e-mail: ibuhinicek@bc-institut.hr)
2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
The main goal of modern maize breeding is to find hybrid combinations with superior
agronomic performances over a broad range of growing conditions including drought <strong>and</strong> lean
soil. We evaluated 16 temperate maize inbred lines crossed to four testers under stress <strong>and</strong> nonstress
conditions to: 1) estimate the general (GCA) <strong>and</strong> specific (SCA) combining ability for
grain yield (GY) <strong>and</strong> anthesis-silking interval (ASI), <strong>and</strong> 2) assess the performance of testcrosses
in stress <strong>and</strong> nonstress environments. The testcrosses were evaluated in intermediate drought
stress, low nitrogen (N) stress, <strong>and</strong> nonstress (normal) environments in 2007. Mean grain yield
for testcrosses ranged from 3.72 t ha-1 under intermediate drought stress to 7.80 t ha-1 in normal
environment. Drought <strong>and</strong> low N stress increased ASI. Neither SCA effects nor GCA effects for
GY were consistent over environments, suggesting the need for conducting selection in target
environments. Additive genetic effects for GY were more important than nonadditive effects in
normal environment <strong>and</strong> under intermediate drought stress, while in all three environments
nonadditive effects were more important than additive effects when ASI was in question.
Correlation coefficients between GY of testcrosses <strong>and</strong> ASI varied from -0.13 for normal
environment to -0.47** for the environment under low N stress.
Key words: maize, grain yield, ASI, combining ability, drought <strong>and</strong> nitrogen
Financial support for part of the work within this study has been provided by the <strong>Croatian</strong>
Ministry of Science, Education, <strong>and</strong> Sports research grant No. 106-1780691-2144, No. 106-
1780691-2035, <strong>and</strong> No. 178-1780691-0688.
sa2012_a0305
<strong>4<strong>7th</strong></strong> <strong>Croatian</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>7th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on Agriculture 45

46
Section 3 . Genetics, Plant Breeding <strong>and</strong> Seed Production
Proučavanje intervala prašenje - svilanje (ASI) i
prinosa zrna testkrižanaca kukuruza u stresnim
i nestresnim okolinama
Ivica BUHINIČEK 1 , Mirko JUKIĆ 1 , Jerko GUNJAČA 2 , Hrvoje ŠARČEVIĆ 2 , Miroslav
BUKAN 2 , Branko PALAVERŠIĆ 1 , Zdravko KOZIĆ 1 , Antun VRAGOLOVIĆ 1 , Ivan PEJIC 2
1 Bc Institut za oplemenjivanje i proizvodnju bilja d.d. Zagreb, Rugvica, Dugoselska 7, 10370 Dugo Selo, Hrvatska
(e-mail: ibuhinicek@bc-institut.hr)
2 Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Glavni cilj modernog oplemenjivanja kukuruza je pronaći hibridnu kombinaciju sa superiornim
agronomskim svojstvima u širokom rasponu uvjeta uzgoja, uključujući sušu i tlo siromašno
hranjivima. Ispitali smo 16 inbred linija kukuruza umjerenog pojasa križanih sa 4 testera u
stresnim i nestresnim okolinama s ciljem procjene: 1) opće (GCA) i specifične (SCA)
kombinacijske sposobnosti za prinos zrna (GY) i interval prašenje-svilanje (ASI), i 2)
vrijednosti testkrižanaca u stresnim i nestresnim okolinama. Testkrižanci su ocjenjeni u
okolinama s umjerenom sušom, s niskim sadržajem dušika (N) i okolini bez ciljanog stresa
(normalnoj) u 2007. godini. Prosječni prinos zrna testkrižanaca kretao se je od 3,72 t ha-1 u
uvjetima stresa izazvanog umjerenom sušom do 7,80 t ha-1 u normalnoj okolini. Suša i stres
uslijed niskog sadržaja dušika povećali su ASI. Učinci SCA i GCA za prinos zrna nisu bili
konzistentni kroz okoline, što upućuje na potrebu provođenja selekcije u ciljanim okolinama.
Aditivni genetski učinci za prinos zrna bili su važniji od neaditivnih učinaka u normalnoj
okolini i u okolini s umjerenom sušom. Za svojstvo ASI u sve tri okoline neaditivni učinci bili
su važniji od aditivnih učinaka. Koeficijenti korelacije između prinosa zrna testkrižanaca i ASI
kretali su se od -0,13 za normalnu okolinu do -0,47** za okolinu s niskim sadržajem dušika.
Ključne riječi: kukuruz, prinos zrna, ASI, kombinacijske sposobnosti, suša i dušik
Financijska potpora za dio rada unutar ovog istraživanja osigurana je kroz znanstvene projekte
106-1780691-2144, 106-1780691-2035 i 178-1780691-0688 Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i
športa Republike Hrvatske.
sa2012_a0305
<strong>4<strong>7th</strong></strong> <strong>Croatian</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>7th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on Agriculture