Report in English with a Dutch summary (KCE reports 45A)

KCE reports vol.45 Screening for Colorectal Cancer 11
False negative
applied to non-study patients or populations.
A negative test result in a person who does have the condition being
result
tested for.
False positive A positive test result in a person who does not have the condition
result
being tested for.
Final truth
determination
Use of a reference standard to provide an accurate or truth diagnosis
for verification of positive and negative diagnoses by a screening or
diagnostic test (see also reference standard ).
Observation over a period of time of an individual, group, or initially
Follow-up defined population whose relevant characteristics have been assessed
in order to observe changes in health status or health-related variables.
Generalisability Applicability of the results to other populations.
Gold standard
A method, procedure, or measurement that is widely accepted as being
the best available.
That which is produced by all levels of government, academics,
Grey literature business and industry, in print and electronic formats, but which is not
controlled by commercial publishers.
High risk groups
Usually refers to groups that have been identified as having a higher
than average incidence of the disease in question.
Histology
The microscopic study of the minute structure and composition of
tissues.
Internal validity Refers to the integrity of the experimental design of a study.
Incidence
The number of new cases of illness commencing, or of persons falling
ill, during a specified time period in a given population.
Indicator
An item of quantitative or qualitative information reported to enable
the monitoring of a condition or the performance of an organisation.
A method for data analysis in a randomised controlled trial in which
Intention to treat individual outcomes are analysed according to the group to which they
Intention to were randomised, even if they never received the treatment to which
screen
they were assigned. By simulating practical experience it provides a
better measure of effectiveness (versus efficacy).
Interviewer bias Systematic error due to interviewer's c.q. observer s subconscious or
Observer bias conscious gathering of selective data.
Ratio of the probability that a given diagnostic test result will be
Likelihood ratio expected for a patient with the target disorder rather than for a
patient without the disorder.
Matching
The process of making a study group and a comparison group
comparable with respect to extraneous factors.
Mean
Calculated by adding all the individual values in the group and dividing
by the number of values in the group.
Any value that divides the probability distribution of a random variable
Median
in half. For a finite population or sample the median is the middle value
of an odd number of values (arranged in ascending order) or any value
between the two middle values of an even number of values.
The process of using statistical methods to combine the results of
Meta-analysis
different studies. The systematic and organised evaluation of a problem,
using information from a number of independent studies of the
problem.
If a tumor with the same histology is identified in the same site at least
Metachronous
tumor
two months after the original diagnosis (with pre-operative complete
colonoscopy or one negative post-operative colonoscopic follow-up to
rule out synchronous tumor), this is called a metachronous primary
tumor.
Misclassification The erroneous classification of an individual, a value, or an attribute