III. Gm-C Filtering - Epublications - Université de Limoges

FIGURE 54. H3 AND N+5 REJECTIONS ACCORDING TO THE FOURTH ORDER TOPOLOGY.........................................................- 45 -
FIGURE 55. REJECTIONS OF A CONSTANT Q (Q=10) AND CONSTANT BW (BW=20MHZ) SECOND ORDER BANDPASS FILTER......- 46 -
FIGURE 56. LOW-PASS TO NOTCH TRANSFORMATION....................................................................................................- 47 -
FIGURE 57. DOUBLE NOTCH FILTER SCHEMATIC...........................................................................................................- 47 -
FIGURE 58. DOUBLE NOTCH FILTERING ......................................................................................................................- 48 -
FIGURE 59. A) PARALLEL INDUCTORS SWITCHING, B) SERIES INDUCTORS SWITCHING.............................................................- 49 -
FIGURE 60. A) VARACTOR SYMBOL, B) C(V) CURVE OF A VARACTOR .................................................................................- 49 -
FIGURE 61. A) CAPACITORS BANKS, B) CAPACITANCE EVOLUTION OF A CAPACITORS BANK .....................................................- 50 -
FIGURE 62. CENTRAL FREQUENCY VERSUS C FOR VARIOUS L VALUES .................................................................................- 50 -
FIGURE 63. EQUIVALENT RLC CIRCUIT ........................................................................................................................- 51 -
FIGURE 64. R P-LIMITED (A) AND R S-LIMITED LC FILTER WHEN SWEEPING THE CAPACITANCE...................................................- 52 -
FIGURE 65. CURRENT-FED RESONATING CIRCUIT ...........................................................................................................- 52 -
FIGURE 66. Q AND BW VERSUS CENTRAL FREQUENCY FROM SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................- 53 -
FIGURE 67. N+5 (A) AND 3 RD
HARMONIC (B) REJECTION VERSUS THE FILTER CENTRAL FREQUENCY FOR VARIOUS Q-FACTORS ......- 53 -
FIGURE 68. CASCADE OF TWO SECOND ORDER BANDPASS FILTER......................................................................................- 54 -
FIGURE 69. BAND SWITCHING..................................................................................................................................- 55 -
FIGURE 70. FILTER FREQUENCY RESPONSE....................................................................................................................- 55 -
FIGURE 71. GYRATOR CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................................................- 58 -
FIGURE 72. SYNTHESIS OF A FILTER USING GYRATORS .....................................................................................................- 59 -
FIGURE 73. GYRATOR WITH REAL TRANSCONDUCTANCES................................................................................................- 60 -
FIGURE 74. PARALLEL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT..................................................................................................................- 60 -
FIGURE 75. SINGLE-ENDED GYRATOR STRUCTURE..........................................................................................................- 61 -
FIGURE 76. ANOTHER SINGLE-ENDED GYRATOR STRUCTURE ............................................................................................- 63 -
FIGURE 77. IMPROVED CASCODED GYRATOR-C ............................................................................................................- 63 -
FIGURE 78. GYRATOR-C AND NIC..............................................................................................................................- 64 -
FIGURE 79. DIFFERENTIAL PAIR TRANSCONDUCTOR.......................................................................................................- 65 -
FIGURE 80. DOUBLE GYRATOR ..................................................................................................................................- 65 -
FIGURE 81. LOSSY INTEGRATOR.................................................................................................................................- 66 -
FIGURE 82. ELLIPTIC 3RD ORDER LOW-PASS FILTERS.......................................................................................................- 67 -
FIGURE 83. COMPLETE SCHEMATIC OF THE TRANSCONDUCTOR ........................................................................................- 68 -
FIGURE 84. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FILTER ...............................................................................................................- 68 -
FIGURE 85. CONSTANT-BANDWIDTH AND CONSTANT-GAIN FREQUENCY TUNABLE BANDPASS FILTER........................................- 69 -
FIGURE 86. CONSTANT-Q FREQUENCY TUNABLE BANDPASS FILTER ...................................................................................- 70 -
FIGURE 87. BIQUAD SCHEMATIC................................................................................................................................- 71 -
FIGURE 88. REPORTED GM-CELL................................................................................................................................- 71 -
FIGURE 89. DERIVATOR USING AN RM AMPLIFIER..........................................................................................................- 73 -
FIGURE 90. REPORTED RM-C FILTER...........................................................................................................................- 73 -
FIGURE 91. CMOS VS BICMOS FILTERS.....................................................................................................................- 74 -
FIGURE 92. CMOS FILTER TECHNOLOGY NODE.............................................................................................................- 74 -
FIGURE 93. NF VERSUS IIP3 FOUND IN THE LITERATURE .................................................................................................- 75 -
FIGURE 94. R ON.C OFF CONSTANT FOR DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY NODES................................................................................- 77 -
FIGURE 95. G M/ID FOR DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY NODES..................................................................................................- 77 -
FIGURE 96. DRAIN-SOURCE RESISTANCE VERSUS DRAIN CURRENT .....................................................................................- 78 -
FIGURE 97. PROPOSED DIFFERENTIAL GM-C FILTER ......................................................................................................- 83 -
FIGURE 98. EQUIVALENT RLC RESONATOR...................................................................................................................- 83 -
FIGURE 99. FILTER LINEARITY VERSUS GM LINEARITY .....................................................................................................- 87 -
FIGURE 100. FILTER LINEARITY VERSUS Q-FACTOR ........................................................................................................- 87 -
FIGURE 101. VOLTAGE PEAKING AT THE GYRATOR INTERNAL NODE .................................................................................- 88 -
FIGURE 102. LINEARITY OF THE FILTER VERSUS GM2 ......................................................................................................- 89 -
FIGURE 103. OUTPUT NOISE POWER COMPUTATION.....................................................................................................- 90 -
FIGURE 104. OUTPUT NOISE POWER VERSUS FREQUENCY FOR DIFFERENT FILTER Q FACTORS ................................................- 90 -
FIGURE 105. OUTPUT NOISE POWER VERSUS Q 2 ..........................................................................................................- 90 -
FIGURE 106. FILTER REJECTIONS FOR Q=4 ..................................................................................................................- 91 -
FIGURE 107. DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCONDUCTOR ............................................................................................................- 92 -
FIGURE 108. INPUT REFERRED NOISE POWER................................................................................................................- 93 -
FIGURE 109. TRANSCONDUCTANCE NON-LINEARITY AT CONSTANT CURRENT, VARYING THE W/L RATIO...................................- 93 -
FIGURE 110. G M VALUE VERSUS C VALUES TO REACH THE LOW END OF THE TV BAND............................................................- 94 -
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