Lab Safety Manual - UCLA - Environment, Health & Safety
Lab Safety Manual - UCLA - Environment, Health & Safety
Lab Safety Manual - UCLA - Environment, Health & Safety
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Chapter 4: How to Reduce Exposures to<br />
Hazardous Chemicals<br />
Regulatory Requirements<br />
Implementation of the necessary work practices, procedures, and policies outlined in this chapter is<br />
required by the following:<br />
Title 8, California Code of Regulations (CCR), Section 5191, “Occupational Exposures to<br />
Hazardous Chemicals in <strong>Lab</strong>oratories” (http://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5191.html)<br />
Title 8, CCR, Section 5209, “Carcinogens” (http://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5209.html)<br />
Title 8, CCR, Section 5154.1, “Ventilation Requirements for <strong>Lab</strong>oratory-Type Hood<br />
Operations” (http://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5154_1.html)<br />
Other applicable regulations include those promulgated by the U.S. Department of <strong>Lab</strong>or including 29<br />
CFR 1910.1450 "Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in <strong>Lab</strong>oratories" (the "<strong>Lab</strong>oratory<br />
Standard").<br />
Introduction<br />
Hazardous chemicals require a carefully considered, multi-tiered approach to ensure safety. There<br />
are four primary routes of exposure for chemicals which have associated health hazards (illustrated<br />
in Figure 4.1):<br />
1. Inhalation;<br />
2. Absorption (through the skin or eyes);<br />
3. Ingestion; and<br />
4. Injection (skin being punctured by a contaminated sharp<br />
object or uptake through an existing open wound).<br />
Of these, the most likely route of exposure in the laboratory is by<br />
inhalation. Many hazardous chemicals may affect people through<br />
more than one of these exposure modes, so it is critical that<br />
protective measures are in place for each of these uptake<br />
mechanisms.<br />
<strong>Safety</strong> Controls<br />
<strong>Safety</strong> controls are divided into three main classifications:<br />
1. Engineering Controls;<br />
2. Administrative Controls; and<br />
3. Protective Apparel and Equipment.<br />
Figure 4.1 – Routes of Exposure<br />
Chemical Hygiene Plan 4-1 January 2013