Lab Safety Manual - UCLA - Environment, Health & Safety

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Acute Toxins Substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity are interpreted by OSHA as being substances that "may be fatal or cause damage to target organs as the result of a single exposure or exposures of short duration.” These chemicals, associated chemical waste, and storage containers must be handled with care to prevent cross contamination of work areas and unexpected contact. These chemicals must be labeled as “Toxic.” Empty containers of these substances must be packaged and disposed of as hazardous waste without rinsing trace amounts into the sanitary sewer system. Reproductive Toxins Reproductive toxins (http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/appa.htm) include any chemical that may affect the reproductive capabilities, including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). Reproductive toxins can affect the reproductive health of both men and women if proper procedures and controls are not used. For women, exposure to reproductive toxins during pregnancy can cause adverse effects on the fetus; these effects include embryolethality (death of the fertilized egg, embryo or fetus), malformations (teratogenic effects), and postnatal functional defects. For men, exposure can lead to sterility. Examples of embryotoxins include thalidomide and certain antibiotics such as tetracycline. Women of childbearing potential should note that embryotoxins have the greatest impact during the first trimester of pregnancy. Because a woman often does not know that she is pregnant during this period of high susceptibility, special caution is advised when working with all chemicals, especially those rapidly absorbed through the skin (e.g., formamide). Pregnant women and women intending to become pregnant should consult with their laboratory supervisor and EH&S before working with substances that are suspected to be reproductive toxins. Carcinogens Carcinogens are chemical or physical agents that cause cancer. Generally they are chronically toxic substances; that is, they cause damage after repeated or long-duration exposure, and their effects may only become evident after a long latency period. Chronic toxins are particularly insidious because they may have no immediately apparent harmful effects. These materials are separated into two classes: 1. Select Carcinogens; and 2. Regulated Carcinogens. Select carcinogens are materials which have met certain criteria established by the National Toxicology Program or the International Agency for Research on Cancer regarding the risk of cancer via certain exposure routes. (See definition Select Carcinogen.) It is important to recognize that some substances involved in research laboratories are new compounds and have not been subjected to testing for carcinogenicity. The following references (links provided) are used to determine which substances are select carcinogens by Cal/OSHA‟s classification: OSHA Carcinogen List (http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/sec7j.htm) Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), including all of the substances listed as "known to be carcinogens" and some substances listed as "reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=32BA9724-F1F6-975E-7FCE50709CB4C932) Chemical Hygiene Plan 3-5 January 2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), including all of Group 1 "carcinogen to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs (IARC) (Volumes 1-48 and Supplements 1-8); and some in Group 2A or 2B, "reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), and causes statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in accordance with any of the following criteria: (i) after inhalation exposure of 6-7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than 10 mg/m3; (ii) after repeated skin application of less than 300 mg/kg of body weight per week; or (iii) after oral dosages of less than 50 mg/kg of body weight per day (http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/crthgr01.php) Regulated Carcinogens fall into a higher hazard class and have extensive additional requirements associated with them. The use of these agents may require personal exposure sampling based on usage. When working with Regulated Carcinogens, it is particularly important to review and effectively apply engineering and administrative safety controls as the regulatory requirements for laboratories that may exceed long term (8 hour) or short term (15 minutes) threshold values for these chemicals are very extensive. A complete list of Regulated Carcinogens can be found in Appendix F. Nanomaterials The increasing use of nanomaterials in research labs warrants consideration of the hazards they may pose. As is the case with many new technologies, the health effects of nanomaterials have not been thoroughly investigated. Consequently, the uncertainty surrounding the toxicity of nanomaterials merits a cautious approach when working with them. Nanomaterials include any materials or particles that have an external dimension in the nanoscale (~1 – 100 nm). Nanomaterials are both naturally occurring in the environment and intentionally produced. Intentionally produced nanomaterials are referred to as Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs). Materials whose properties do not differ significantly between their nanoscale and larger forms are generally excluded from ENMs. The most common types of ENMs are carbon based materials such as nanotubes, metals and metal oxides such as silver and zinc oxide, and quantum dots made of compounds such as zinc selenide (Table 3.1). Table 3.1 Types of Nanomaterials (from page 5 of Nanotoolkit) Carbon Based Buckyballs or Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes*, Dendrimers Often includes functional groups like* PEG (polyethylene glycol), Pyrrolidine, N, N-dimethylethylenediamine, imidazole Metals and Metal Oxides Titanium Dioxide (Titania)**, Zinc Oxide, Cerium Oxide (Ceria), Aluminum oxide, Iron Oxide, Silver, Gold, and Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) nanoparticles Quantum Dots ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe, GaAs, AlGaAs, PbSe, PbS, InP Includes crystalline nanoparticle that exhibits size-dependent properties due to quantum confinement effects on the electronic states (ISO/TS 27687:2008). Nanomaterials can be categorized by the potential risk of exposure they pose to personnel based on the physical state of the materials and the conditions in which they are used (Table 3.2). In general, the risk of exposure is lowest when nanomaterials are bound in a solid matrix with little potential to create airborne dust or when in a non-volatile liquid suspension. The risk of exposure increases when Chemical Hygiene Plan 3-6 January 2013
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Page 12 and 13: Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1: Introduction Purpose UCL
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Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2: Chemical Hazard Communic
Page 22 and 23: EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING E
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 3: Classes of Hazardous Che
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Page 36 and 37: EH&S requires that each laboratory
Page 38 and 39: EH&S policy requires each laborator
Page 40 and 41: An annual refresher is required for
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Page 54 and 55: flammable solvent. Other common haz
Page 56 and 57: fuel-gas cylinders securely in the
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Page 60 and 61: Resources EH&S has a number of tool
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Page 70 and 71: Peroxide Forming Chemicals Peroxide
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Chemical Spills Chemical spills can
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Appendices Chemical Hygiene Plan Ja
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Appendix A: General Rules for Labor
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UNSAFE LABORATORY HABITS Personal P
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Appendix B: Sample Safety Data Shee
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Sample SDS, cont. Obtain SDS from t
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Appendix C: Container Labeling Chem
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Appendix D: SOP Instructions and Te
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Sample SOP Template Obtain this for
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Sample SOP Template, cont. Obtain t
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Sample SOP Template, cont. Obtain t
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Appendix E: UCLA Particularly Hazar
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substances or generalized over a gr
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E. Engineering Controls 1. Bench to
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educe exposure. If levels cannot be
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4. It is listed in either Group 2A
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A T T A C H M E N T C Listed Carcin
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Appendix F: Regulated Carcinogens C
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Appendix G: Respiratory Hazard Asse
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Appendix H: Peroxide Forming Chemic
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Appendix I: EH&S Safety Training Ma
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Appendix J: Employee Training Histo
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Appendix K: Site-Specific Training
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Appendix L: Laboratory Inspection C
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Laboratory Inspection Checklist, co
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Appendix M: Segregation of Incompat
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Appendix N: Hazardous Waste Pick-Up
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Appendix O: Spill Clean-up Procedur
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Appendix P: Lab Emergency Poster Ob
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Appendix Q: Policy 905 - Research L
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B. Protective gloves must be worn w
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Appendix R: NanoTool Kit Chemical H
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Chemical Hygiene Plan R-3 January 2
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Chemical Hygiene Plan R-11 January
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Appendix S: Facilities Service Cons
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Appendix T: PPE Issuance Form Chemi
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Appendix U: Glossary ACGIH - The Am
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GENERAL VENTILATION - Also known as
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MUTAGEN - Anything that can cause a
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Lab Specific SOPs
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Inspection Records
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Resources
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3. Outline Lab Safety Training Requ
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