NESTA Crime Online - University of Brighton Repository

20) Pharming: is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a
personal computer or server, misdirecting users to fraudulent websites without their
knowledge or consent. Pharming has been called ‘phishing without a lure’.
21) Ripper: vendors on underground servers who conduct fraudulent transactions
such as not delivering purchased goods, or deliberately sell invalid or fake credit cards.
22) Script Kiddie: unskilled hacker, usually not an expert in computer security, who
breaks into computer systems by using pre-packaged automated tools written by others.
23) Skimming: is the theft of credit card information used in an otherwise legitimate
transaction. Instances of skimming include stealing the information of the magnetic
stripe and the pin number from an ATM (automated teller machine), or using a fake
point of sale terminal in a commercial establishment (shop, restaurant, petrol
station, etc).
24) Spamming: is the practice of sending unwanted e-mail messages, frequently
with commercial content, in large quantities to an indiscriminate set of recipients.
Increasingly, e-mail spam today is sent via ‘zombies’, that is, networks of virus- or
worm-infected personal computers. Many modern worms install a backdoor allowing the
spammer access to the computer and use it for malicious purposes.
25) Spear phishing: is an e-mail spoofing fraud attempt that targets a specific
organisation, seeking unauthorised access to confidential data. As with the e-mail
messages used in regular phishing expeditions, spear phishing messages appear to
come from a trusted source. In spear-phishing the apparent source of the e-mail is likely
to be an individual within the recipient's own company and generally someone in a
position of authority.
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