NESTA Crime Online - University of Brighton Repository
NESTA Crime Online - University of Brighton Repository
NESTA Crime Online - University of Brighton Repository
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20) Pharming: is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a<br />
personal computer or server, misdirecting users to fraudulent websites without their<br />
knowledge or consent. Pharming has been called ‘phishing without a lure’.<br />
21) Ripper: vendors on underground servers who conduct fraudulent transactions<br />
such as not delivering purchased goods, or deliberately sell invalid or fake credit cards.<br />
22) Script Kiddie: unskilled hacker, usually not an expert in computer security, who<br />
breaks into computer systems by using pre-packaged automated tools written by others.<br />
23) Skimming: is the theft <strong>of</strong> credit card information used in an otherwise legitimate<br />
transaction. Instances <strong>of</strong> skimming include stealing the information <strong>of</strong> the magnetic<br />
stripe and the pin number from an ATM (automated teller machine), or using a fake<br />
point <strong>of</strong> sale terminal in a commercial establishment (shop, restaurant, petrol<br />
station, etc).<br />
24) Spamming: is the practice <strong>of</strong> sending unwanted e-mail messages, frequently<br />
with commercial content, in large quantities to an indiscriminate set <strong>of</strong> recipients.<br />
Increasingly, e-mail spam today is sent via ‘zombies’, that is, networks <strong>of</strong> virus- or<br />
worm-infected personal computers. Many modern worms install a backdoor allowing the<br />
spammer access to the computer and use it for malicious purposes.<br />
25) Spear phishing: is an e-mail spo<strong>of</strong>ing fraud attempt that targets a specific<br />
organisation, seeking unauthorised access to confidential data. As with the e-mail<br />
messages used in regular phishing expeditions, spear phishing messages appear to<br />
come from a trusted source. In spear-phishing the apparent source <strong>of</strong> the e-mail is likely<br />
to be an individual within the recipient's own company and generally someone in a<br />
position <strong>of</strong> authority.<br />
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