TARVIEW Lethality Modelling and Warhead Concepting
TARVIEW Lethality Modelling and Warhead Concepting
TARVIEW Lethality Modelling and Warhead Concepting
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The B of the Bang:<br />
<strong>TARVIEW</strong> <strong>Lethality</strong> <strong>Modelling</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Warhead</strong> <strong>Concepting</strong><br />
Dominic Černis<br />
Senior Consultant<br />
15 th November 2012
Contents<br />
Where?<br />
Hi History t<br />
How<br />
What<br />
Video<br />
Why<br />
Current Work<br />
Next Steps<br />
Customer View<br />
Questions
Where?<br />
µm<br />
Penetration models<br />
Engineering g g analysis y<br />
FEA<br />
mm m km 1000 km<br />
<strong>Lethality</strong><br />
analysis<br />
War<br />
games
History<br />
TANKILL commercial version of<br />
lethality software developed for<br />
DRA/DERA/Dstl<br />
MAVKILL takes over in the 1990s.<br />
MMultiple lti l AArmoured d VVehicle hi l KILL<br />
MAVKILL still used in modified<br />
form at Dstl Fort Halstead<br />
INTAVAL is used by Dstl Air<br />
Systems. Developed by Huntings /<br />
LM<br />
Dstl Air Systems also asked us to<br />
develop <strong>TARVIEW</strong><br />
Originally started as a target<br />
viewer for MAVKILL<br />
TANKILL<br />
AVKILL<br />
MAVKILL<br />
INTAVAL<br />
<strong>TARVIEW</strong><br />
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
<strong>TARVIEW</strong><br />
Originally developed for FRAGWAR, MAVKILL, TANKILL target editing <strong>and</strong><br />
viewing – so now has a strong GUI element<br />
Post processing tools were then added<br />
Since then, more functionality has been gradually added:<br />
St Store warheads, h d ttargets t <strong>and</strong> d scenarios i iin relational l ti l ddatabases t b<br />
Larger more complex models<br />
Reads in geometry from TANKILL <strong>and</strong> STL format generated by CAD tools<br />
MModel d l geometry t verification, ifi ti editing diti <strong>and</strong> d simplification i lifi ti <strong>and</strong> d correction ti<br />
Multiple targets<br />
Blast analysis<br />
<strong>Lethality</strong> Analysis from the GUI:<br />
Interactive Mode for quick evaluation<br />
Long Runs for large assessments with thous<strong>and</strong>s of grids<br />
Multiple warheads<br />
Much improved Fault Trees<br />
Fuzing Approximations<br />
Results viewing<br />
Statistical Post Processing
The Geometry Editor<br />
Most CAD tools cannot generate accurate triangulated geometry (often the<br />
shapes are not volumes <strong>and</strong> components overlap each other)<br />
Models often need to be altered or corrected geometrically<br />
The <strong>TARVIEW</strong> editor allows direct manipulation of the models within the same<br />
program
Ray Tracing<br />
Heart of the lethality engine<br />
<strong>TARVIEW</strong> calculates the intersection of shotlines with target components<br />
Key element in why <strong>TARVIEW</strong> is so fast running
Partitioning – 2D
Partitioning – 3D<br />
Indivisible<br />
Partitions
Search trees<br />
Whole<br />
target<br />
Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3<br />
Partition 4 Partition 5 Partition 6 Partition 7<br />
Partition 8 Partition 9 Partition 10 Partition 11 Partition 12
Fragmentation Damage<br />
There are many different types of component penetration algorithms:<br />
THOR<br />
ARF<br />
De Marre<br />
DRI<br />
Grabarek<br />
Lambert<br />
Chen <strong>and</strong> Li<br />
Possible to calculate potential penetration, residual velocity, <strong>and</strong> mass loss of<br />
most fragment/plate material combinations<br />
‘Damage’ is assigned using algorithms that define how a component degrades<br />
on being struck
Blast Damage <strong>Modelling</strong><br />
Blast damage is modelled by calculating the Peak Incident Pressure for a mass of TNT<br />
at a distance using the Kingery <strong>and</strong> Bulmash equations<br />
EEach h component t can have h bl blast t sensitive iti polyhedrons l h d<br />
Polyhedrons are sensitive to blast or fragments, or both or neither<br />
Different polyhedrons in a component can have different blast sensitivity
Shaped Charge<br />
Sh Shaped d charge h ddamage iis assessed d using i PPenSO SO curves<br />
Simple relationship between penetration depth of RHA vs distance from origin<br />
Degraded curve used for subsequent impacts<br />
Penetration<br />
of RHA (mm)<br />
Penetration<br />
of RHA (mm)<br />
RHA<br />
St<strong>and</strong>off (mm) St<strong>and</strong>off (mm)<br />
RRetarded t d d<br />
Penetration<br />
Curves after<br />
strikes
Fault Trees<br />
Fault trees are used to model damage to systems made up of consistent systems<br />
A target can have many different types of fault tree to model different sorts of system<br />
failure<br />
<strong>TARVIEW</strong> can evaluate many fault trees for each warhead burst<br />
The fault trees are run through an algebraic simplifier to:<br />
Make the fault trees much quicker to evaluate<br />
To make the overall meaning of a fault tree easier to check<br />
Fault trees in <strong>TARVIEW</strong> have 4 types of gate:<br />
OR gates g<br />
AND gates<br />
M out of N gates<br />
NOT gates
On with the show…<br />
Video
What is so good about <strong>TARVIEW</strong>?<br />
It’s very quick<br />
What did take months now takes hours<br />
Allows much more to be completed, including<br />
interpretive analysis<br />
Analysis is interactive<br />
It’s easy to use<br />
Modern GUI<br />
Allows verification of the<br />
modelling<br />
Relieves the training g<br />
burden
Trial Comparison / Validation<br />
Comparison of Trial<br />
Fragments to empirical<br />
algorithms<br />
Allows coefficients to be<br />
refined<br />
Shows sensitivity of<br />
algorithms to small<br />
changes<br />
Most of the time the<br />
algorithms broadly<br />
agree....
Trial Comparison / Validation<br />
... Some of the time they<br />
don’t<br />
Some algorithms ‘tuned’<br />
to certain materials<br />
Penetration limit difficult<br />
to model<br />
Informed user required in<br />
all cases
<strong>Warhead</strong> <strong>Concepting</strong><br />
Natural fragmentation<br />
Shaped charge<br />
Many fragments of lower mass<br />
Natural fragmentation<br />
Heavily populated<br />
Preformed <strong>and</strong> natural fragmentation<br />
Shaped charge
Current work<br />
Blast Shadowing Remainder of target exposed to blast<br />
Allows partial shielding of targets by objects<br />
Projectile fired<br />
‘Cookie cutter’ of shield taken out of the target<br />
Blast acts upon what is left<br />
Very complicated geometric problem<br />
Each target needs to be distinct<br />
Projectile penetration<br />
plus l resulting lti BAD cloud<br />
l d<br />
Behind Armour Debris<br />
Shielding<br />
object j<br />
Calculation of spall numbers<br />
Momentum based approximation of velocity<br />
Spall mass distributions<br />
Spall debris acts on other components<br />
Re-use existing algorithms
Next Steps<br />
PJHQ<br />
‘quick start’ user interface<br />
Battle Damage Assessment<br />
Collateral Damage<br />
Take advantage of NOT gates<br />
Efficiency enhancements for blast<br />
Blast relatively y immature compared p to fragmentation g<br />
Plenty of scope to make more efficient in a similar way
Dstl use of <strong>TARVIEW</strong><br />
Jonathan Burnage<br />
Acting g Team Leader, Strike Weapons p Advice Team<br />
Weapons Group, AWSD
<strong>TARVIEW</strong> use across the CADMID cycle<br />
Concept Assessment Demonstrate Manufacture In-service Disposal<br />
• SPEAR Green Box • warhead SPEAR Cap 3 – 100B • SPEAR GFX for Cap 2 Block 1 dive angle • Used by Air Warfare Centre<br />
assessment with MBDA MBDA in support of warhead optimisation<br />
• Multi-role Meteor lethality development<br />
• Dstl support to Air Warfare Centre<br />
y<br />
• SPEAR Cap 2 Block 1 warhead<br />
tactics development<br />
assessment • SPEAR Cap 2 Block 1 MG COEIAassessment<br />
• Tornado GR4 gun ammunition<br />
• SPEAR Cap 2 Block 2 <strong>and</strong> Cap • Fireshadow 3 IG<br />
•GFX Support to PWIV acceptance trials assessment<br />
COEIAs<br />
• FCAC (now Joint Fires) • force Support mix to PWIV Op Eval trials • Reachback – Op ELLAMY<br />
• SPEAR Cap p 2 Block 3 requirements q analysis<br />
definition<br />
• Support to DMS Brimstone • Storm Shadow<br />
• Air to Ground acceptance trials<br />
• Brimstone UOR requirements<br />
• PWIV<br />
definition • Ground to • Ground Support to DMS Brimstone Op Eval<br />
• DMS Brimstone<br />
• Support to NEC-IW Guidance • JSF gunpod assessment trials<br />
Support to NEC IW Guidance<br />
Integrated Fuzing assessment • JSF PWIV by accuracy requirement<br />
MBDA <strong>and</strong> Thales<br />
• Typhoon AESA PWIV accuracy<br />
• Scud Vulnerability assessmentsrequirement<br />
• SPEAR Cap 5 lethality requirements<br />
definition<br />
• JCA decision points<br />
• Typhoon FCP<br />
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2012<br />
<strong>Modelling</strong> activities<br />
Dstl is part of the<br />
Ministry of Defence
Essential characteristics<br />
• Speed<br />
• Ease of use<br />
• Visualisation of lethal effects<br />
• Integrated approach – powerful tool<br />
• Enables Dstl to focus on technical consultancy<br />
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2012<br />
Dstl is part of the<br />
Ministry of Defence
Future developments<br />
• Further V&V<br />
• PJHQ version for BDA<br />
• GUI update<br />
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2012<br />
Dstl is part of the<br />
Ministry of Defence
Predicting lethality<br />
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2012<br />
Dstl is part of the<br />
Ministry of Defence
Support to Operations / Validation<br />
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2012<br />
Dstl is part of the<br />
Ministry of Defence
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