08.08.2013 Views

Statistical inference for exploratory data analysis ... - Hadley Wickham

Statistical inference for exploratory data analysis ... - Hadley Wickham

Statistical inference for exploratory data analysis ... - Hadley Wickham

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

count<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

1<br />

5<br />

9<br />

13<br />

17<br />

2 4 6 8 10<br />

<strong>Statistical</strong> <strong>inference</strong> <strong>for</strong> graphics 4373<br />

2<br />

6<br />

10<br />

14<br />

18<br />

2 4 6 8 10<br />

tips<br />

3<br />

7<br />

11<br />

15<br />

19<br />

2 4 6 8 10<br />

4<br />

8<br />

12<br />

16<br />

20<br />

2 4 6 8 10<br />

Figure 4. Simulation lineup: Tips Data, histograms of tip. Which histogram is most different?<br />

Explain what makes it different from the others.<br />

Figure 6 shows residuals plotted against the order in the <strong>data</strong>. Structure in the<br />

real plot would indicate the presence of lurking variables. The plot of the real<br />

<strong>data</strong> is embedded among decoys, which were produced by simulating from the<br />

residual rotation distribution, as discussed in §3 and the electronic supplementary<br />

material. Which is the plot of the real <strong>data</strong>? Why? What may be ‘lurking’?<br />

(v) Leukaemia <strong>data</strong>: This <strong>data</strong>set originated from a study of gene expression<br />

in two types of acute leukaemia (Golub et al. 1999), acute lymphoblastic<br />

leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The <strong>data</strong>set consists of<br />

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (2009)<br />

Downloaded from<br />

rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org on January 7, 2010

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!