The Subject Patent Already Has Underlining or ... - Bayhdolecentral

(Fed. Cir. 2001) (term "having" in transitional phrase
"does not create a presumption that the body of the
claim is open"); Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Eli
Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559, 1573, 43 USPQ2d 1398,
1410 (Fed. Cir. 1997) (In the context of a cDNA having
a sequence coding for human PI, the term "having"
still permitted inclusion of other moieties.). The
transitional phrase "composed of' has been interpreted
in the same manner as either "consisting of' or
"consisting essentially of," depending on the facts of
the particular case. See AFG Industries, Inc. v. CardinalIG
Company, 239 F.3d 1239, 1245,57 USPQ2d
1776, 1780-81 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (based on specification
and other evidence, "composed of' interpreted in
same manner as "consisting essentially of'); In re
Bertsch, 132 F.2d 1014, 1019-20,56 USPQ 379, 384
(CCPA 1942) ("Composed of' interpreted in same
manner as "consisting of'; however, court further
remarked that "the words 'composed of' may under
certain circumstances be given, in patent law, a
broader meaning than 'consisting of.' "),
2112 Requirements of Rejection Based
on Inherency; Burden of Proof
The express, implicit, and inherent disclosures of a
prior art reference may be relied upon in the rejection
of claims under 35 U.S.C. 102 or 103. "The inherent
teaching of a prior art reference, a question of fact,
arises both in the context of anticipation and obviousness."
In re Napier, 55 F.3d 610, 613, 34 USPQ2d
1782, 1784 (Fed. Cir. 1995)(affirmed a 35 U.S.c. 103
rejection based in part on inherent disclosure in one of
the references). See also In re Grasselli, 713 F.2d 731,
739, 218 USPQ 769, 775 (Fed. Cir. 1983).
SOMETHING WmCH IS OLD DOES NOT BE­
COME PATENTABLE UPON THE DISCOVERY
OF A NEW PROPERTY
The claiming of a new use, new function or
unknown property which is inherently present in the
prior art does not necessarily make the claim patentable.
In re Best, 562 F.2d 1252, 1254, 195 USPQ 430,
433 (CCPA 1977). See also MPEP § 2112.01 with
regard to inherency and product-by-process claims
and MPEP § 2141.02 with regard to inberency and
rejections under 35 U.S.C. 103.
PATENTABILITY 2112
A REJECTION UNDER 35 U.S.C. 102/103 CAN
BE MADE WHEN THE PRIOR ART PRODUCT
SEEMS TO BE IDENTICAL EXCEPT THAT
THE PRIOR ART IS SILENT AS TO AN
INHERENT CHARACTERISTIC
Where applicant claims a composition in terms of a
function, property or characteristic and the composition
of the prior art is the same as that of the claim but
the function is not explicitly disclosed by the reference,
the examiner may make a rejection under both
35 U.S.c. 102 and 103, expressed as a 1021103 rejection.
"There is nothing inconsistent in concurrent
rejections for obviousness under 35 U.S.c. 103 and
for anticipation under 35 U.S.C. 102." In re Best,
562 F.2d 1252, 1255 n.4, 195 USPQ 430, 433 n.4
(CCPA 1977). This same rationale should also apply
to product, apparatus, and process claims claimed in
terms of function, property or characteristic. Therefore,
a 35 U.S.C. 1021103 rejection is appropriate for
these types of claims as well as for composition
claims.
EXAMINER MUST PROVIDE RATIONALE OR
EVIDENCE TENDING TO SHOW INHERENCY
The fact that a certain result or characteristic may
occur or be present in the prior art is not sufficient to
establish the inherency of that result or characteristic.
In re Rijckaert, 9 F.3d 1531, 1534,28 USPQ2d 1955,
1957 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (reversed rejection because
inherency was based on what would result due to optimization
of conditions, not what was necessarily
present in the prior art); In re Oelrich, 666 F.2d 578,
581-82,212 USPQ 323, 326 (CCPA 1981). "To establish
inherency, the extrinsic evidence 'must make
clear that the missing descriptive matter is necessarily
present in the thing described in the reference, and
that it would be so recognized by persons of ordinary
skill. Inherency, however, may not be established by
probabilities or possibilities. The mere fact that a certain
thing may result from a given set of circumstances
is not.sufficieut.' " In re Robertson, 169 F.3d
743,745,49 USPQ2d 1949, 1950-51 (Fed. Cir. 1999)
(citations omitted) (The claims were drawn to a disposable
diaper having three fastening elements. The
reference disclosed two fastening elements that could
perform the same function as the three fastening elements
in the claims. The court construed the claims to
require three separate elements and held that the refer-
2100-51 August 2001