PSYCHOTHERAPY ENGAGERS VERSUS NON-ENGAGERS

the intake session, and about 4% with engagers. However, Tryon (2003) did not
specifically test whether the conditions (engagers vs. non-engagers) differed on open
questions with any statistical methods.
Research Question 4: Do proportions of therapist restatements differ across time (1 st , 2 nd ,
and 3 rd thirds of intake sessions) and condition (engager versus non-engager)?
Hill (1978) found that the use of restatements decreased significantly between
first two thirds and the last third of intake sessions (8% for 1 st third, 9% for 2 nd third, and
4% for last third; p < .001; see Table 1). Lonborg et al. (1991) did not find significant
differences across thirds (9% in the first third, 16% in the second third, 25% in the last
third; see Table 2).
Tryon (2003) found no significant differences between engagers versus non-
engagers for therapist use of restatements (restatements were used about about 6% of the
time for both engagement and non-engagement groups). No studies have examined
whether the timing of restatements across thirds of intake sessions differed between
engagers and non-engagers.
Research Question 5: Do proportions of therapist reflections of feeling differ across time
(1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd thirds of intake sessions) and condition (engager versus non-engager)?
Hill (1978) and Lonborg et al. (1991) found that the use of reflections did not
significantly differ across thirds (see Table 1 and Table 2). No studies have examined
reflections across condition (engagers vs. non-engagers), or across the interaction of time
and condition for intake sessions.
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