PSYCHOTHERAPY ENGAGERS VERSUS NON-ENGAGERS
PSYCHOTHERAPY ENGAGERS VERSUS NON-ENGAGERS
PSYCHOTHERAPY ENGAGERS VERSUS NON-ENGAGERS
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
therapist behaviors which may be beneficial for the training of therapists, and since it is<br />
an observer-rated measure, the ratings may be more objective. However, the HSS does<br />
have limitations as well. Since it only measures verbal response modes, it does not<br />
provide information about therapist non-verbal behavior, the topic of what is being talked<br />
about during therapy sessions, or covert processes (attitudes, intentions, etc.). In<br />
addition, since the HSS is an observer-rated measure, it does not provide information<br />
from the perspective of the therapist or the client.<br />
History and development of the HCVRCS/HSS. The HSS was originally<br />
developed in 1978 as the Counselor Verbal Response Category System (Hill, 1978). The<br />
system was developed to classify the different types of therapist verbal responses during<br />
a counseling session. The categories are intersubjective, meaning that they are based on<br />
the syntactic or grammatical structure of the language, which implies a relationship<br />
between the communication and the recipient (e.g., a question), rather than based on the<br />
topic of discussion or the extralinguistic characteristics (e.g., vocal noises, tonal qualities,<br />
speech disfluencies) of therapist verbal communications (Hill, 1986).<br />
The original HCVRCS (Hill, 1978) was developed by incorporating components<br />
from 11 existing systems in six stages. In the first stage, two people examined<br />
similarities and differences between the categories in the 11 systems and found that all<br />
the categories in the 11 systems could be covered by 25 distinct categories (e.g.,<br />
reassurance, persuasion). Definitions were written for each category, and several<br />
examples from the 11 systems were included in the description of each category. In the<br />
second stage, two judges used the 25-category system to categorize counselor responses<br />
on two practice sessions and deleted two categories and added one category (deleted<br />
30