Guide to Significant Wildlife Habitat - Door County Web Map

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EUROPE LAKE FOREST AREA LOCATION: The Europe Lake Forest Area is composed of approximately 1700 acres located immediately north of Europe Lake in the northern most portion of Door County, in the Town of Liberty Grove (T32N, R28E). As this report represents general areas of concern, exact locations of boundary lines have not been designated. GENERAL SITE DESCRIPTION: The Europe Lake Forest Area is an extensive forested landscape at the northern most point of the Door Peninsula. Included in this natural area are Europe Lake, Wisconsin Bay, and Table Bluff. Europe Lake is separated from the Lake Michigan shoreline by a dolostone ledge and sand dune topography (Watermolen and Bougie 1995). Newport State Park adjoins the southern boundary of the forest area and Europe Lake. The lake, once a bay of Lake Michigan, was created by wave action forming a sand and gravel bar across the mouth of the embayment (Merryfield 2000). ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Northern mesic forest dominates the area, and sections east of Europe Lake support what appear as good representations of “boreal” forest. Near the shoreline are dolostone outcrops of the Niagara Escarpment and sand dunes created by wave action of Lake Michigan. The site holds a diverse array of forest, wetland, and shoreline habitats and its ecological significance is enhanced by Newport State Park to the south, a portion of which is designated as Europe Bay Woods State Natural Area. As the northern most series of Lake Michigan coastal landscapes, along the Door Peninsula, the Europe Lake forest block represents the last migratory staging habitat for northward migrating birds in the spring, before they begin their crossing of the Grand Traverse Islands into northern Michigan. The landscape is equally important for birds migrating south from Michigan in the fall. The mosaic of habitat types, especially the near shore forest, provides essential resources to these migrants. Exotic species do not appear to be prevalent in the area. Perhaps the most significant feature of the site is the shoreline of Europe Lake. While cottages have been built on the lake, there are opportunities to preserve portions of the shore. Protection of the remaining shoreline would compliment the already protected portion of the lake in Newport State Park. The species composition is rich, and partial inventories conducted in the area have documented twenty rare species of animals, invertebrates, and plants. Four natural community types are found in the area. (See Appendices “A”, “B” and “C” for specifics.) NOTEWORTHY CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL FEATURES: Early settlement of this area was like a roller coaster in the county’s history. First, the village of Newport was created in the 1870’s, primarily to support the wood cutting business of a Dane named Hans Johnson. He specialized in selling cordwood to fire kilns in Milwaukee, which had become well known for their “Cream City” bricks. His enterprises built an entire village, including sawmill, pier, store, horse barn, home and post office. Later, the area’s woodland was harvested for cedar juice used in making furniture polish. The village became a ghost town at the turn of the century, but was revived for a brief period by the Christmas tree business. Thousands of trees were shipped to larger cities around Lake Michigan. The community was deserted once more around 1904 when the trees were gone (Lotz 1994). In the decade of the 1920’s, a large area around Europe Lake became a kind of public park owned by Ferdinand Hotz, a Chicago diamond broker. Hotz acquired 2200 acres and built a summer lodge. He opened his land to visitors and late in the decade offered it to the State Conservation Commission to be maintained as a wildlife refuge. The commission accepted the land and eventually it became Newport State Park (Lotz 1994). Europe Lake Forest Area 123
SITE FEATURES: Europe Lake Forest Area • Europe Lake Forest Area is in the Town of Liberty Grove. Liberty Grove has adopted the county’s zoning ordinance. The surrounding land use is primarily natural area with lesser amounts of idle cropland, cropland, orchards, and residential lots. • Soils are shallow to deep, well drained, and level to moderately steep. A sandy loam or loam subsoil overlays sandy loam or fine sandy loam till or dolostone bedrock (USDA SCS 1978). • The shoreline of Wisconsin Bay is comprised of rubble, cobble, and gravel with small portions of shelving bedrock, and is the northern most bay on the tip of the peninsula. • Europe Lake is a 273-acre seepage lake with an average depth of 6 feet and maximum depth of 10 feet. Lake is classification is oligotrophic, meaning it is generally unproductive and nutrient poor. Water quality of the lake is considered very good, however increased boating pressures could intensify turbidity within the lake (Corbisier 2000). • Common vegetation includes butternut (Juglans cinerea), oak (Quercus spp.), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and pine (Pinus spp.). Vegetation surrounding the lake is birch (Betula spp.), northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and pine species with a marsh at the northern end. A red pine (Pinus resinosa), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) and old-growth beechsugar maple mesic forest is located between Europe Lake and Lake Michigan. Swampy sections of boreal forest occur east of the lake and support many rare plants. • The site provides good habitat for many species of migratory birds. Fish species present in Europe Lake include walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), northern pike (Esox luscious), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and pumpkinseed (Leposis macrochirus). • In Wisconsin Bay, smallmouth bass are present along with Chinook salmon (Onchorynkus tshawytscha) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), which are annually stocked for fishing purposes CONSERVATION GOALS: • Integrate and maintain an ecological connectivity with Newport State Park. • Protect the remaining ecological integrity of the Lake Michigan shoreline including the upland forest and hydrology supporting the coastal areas. THREATS: • Residential development is the main threat to northern Door County. • The major threat to this area is fragmentation of the ridge and swale topography, dolostone escarpment, shoreline of Europe Lake, mesic hardwood forest and lowland boreal forests of areas west of Europe Lake. INFORMATION NEEDS / GAPS: • Completed inventories of plant and animal species • Develop list of individuals and supportive groups interested in conservation efforts 124 Europe Lake Forest Area
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Cover Photographs Top: Dwarf Lake I
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Illustrations © 1997 Chris Baird,
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This volume indicates that Door Cou
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6 — Acknowledgement — This publ
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— Table of Contents — Foreword
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As notable as the county is as a si
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A (very) Short Course in Ecology &
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Obviously, these are broad concepts
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20 Site Index Wildlife Habitat & Na
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SITE FEATURES: Ahnapee River Corrid
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26 Ahnapee River Corridor
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Ahnapee River Corridor ALL PHOTOS B
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• Dominant tree species of this f
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Black Ash Swamp ALL PHOTOS BY PAT R
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• A small man-made spring fed pon
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36 Delwiche - Sand Hill Pineries &
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COLEEN FEUCHT COLEEN FEUCHT JERRY V
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• Near the Green Bay shoreline, s
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42 Renard Swamp
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Renard Swamp ALL PHOTOS BY COLEEN F
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A description of Foscoro was writte
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48 Stony Creek Wetlands Complex
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BRUSSELS HILL / KAYES CREEK GARDNER
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Kayes Creek Kayes Creek, located wi
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ROAD WHITE ROAD Door County ROAD RO
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HUNGRY SETTLEMENT MARSH LOCATION: H
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W A U P E E 42 ROCK RIDGE Y-INN RD.
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SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE LO
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• One important soil characterist
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• The wettest portion of the fen
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CONSERVATION GOALS: • Protect the
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e or DRIVE ement OT ROAD EWOOD BLUF
Page 72 and 73: SAWYER HARBOR / LOST CREEK & LARSON
Page 74 and 75: Larson Creek Watershed Larson Creek
Page 76 and 77: RD. N. BAY KLUTH RD. POPLAR LANE EL
Page 78 and 79: WEST BRANCH WHITEFISH BAY CREEK COR
Page 80 and 81: CONSERVATION GOALS: • Enhance and
Page 82 and 83: WILLOW COURT RD. G G BOTTOM ROAD OA
Page 84 and 85: BAY SHORE BLUFF LANDS LOCATION: The
Page 86 and 87: • Below the escarpment are severa
Page 88 and 89: CONSERVATION GOALS: • Maintain or
Page 90 and 91: Door County GARDNER WEST N NASEWAUP
Page 92 and 93: LOGAN CREEK / LOST LAKE CORRIDOR LO
Page 94 and 95: • The northern shore of Lost Lake
Page 96: OAK ROAD ROAD HILLSIDE WILLOW COURT
Page 99 and 100: Presettlement ecological processes
Page 101 and 102: • Vegetation in the basin is pred
Page 103 and 104: • The stream is annually stocked
Page 105 and 106: The site boundaries include some of
Page 107 and 108: • Agricultural practices includin
Page 109 and 110: MIKE GRIMM STEVE KELLERMAN
Page 111 and 112: NOTEWORTHY CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL
Page 113 and 114: • Sometime prior to 1950, County
Page 116 and 117: MINK RIVER / ROWLEY’S BAY SYSTEM
Page 118 and 119: commercial fishermen. Seventeen spe
Page 120 and 121: THREATS: • As the quality of the
Page 122: GRASSE ROAD HIGH E OD LA. ROAD Door
Page 127 and 128: Europe Lake Forest Area ALL PHOTOS
Page 129 and 130: Inventories of plants and animals c
Page 131 and 132: • Federally threatened dwarf lake
Page 133 and 134: 132 edentula) occurs on Washington
Page 135 and 136: Detroit Island Detroit Island is 2.
Page 137 and 138: • Rock Island has excellent quali
Page 139 and 140: • Deer herbivory is widespread (J
Page 141 and 142: Horseshoe Island Horseshoe Island,
Page 143 and 144: Hog Island Hog Island is a small, l
Page 145 and 146: 144 Grand Traverse Islands
Page 147: D. ISLE ROAD VIEW ROAD 2000 0 N 200
Page 151 and 152: Holand, H. 1925. Old Peninsula Days
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Page 155 and 156: environmentally sensitive area Comm
Page 157 and 158: On the Pacific coast of North Ameri
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Page 161 and 162: 160 The Natural Heritage Inventory
Page 163 and 164: Rare Species & Natural Communities
Page 171 and 172: 170 Appendix B - Door County’s Ra
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Bedrock Shore Wave-splashed bedrock
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Great Lakes Dune (formerly called L
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Northern Mesic Forest This forest c
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Springs and spring runs; hard. Spri
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Recognizing qualitative differences
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The State Natural Areas Program cel
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184 Peninsula Park Beech Forest Sta
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186 Toft Point State Natural Area D
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188 Whitefish Dunes State Natural A
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190 Coffee Swamp State Natural Area
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192 Rock Island Woods State Natural
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194 North Bay State Natural Area De
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196
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The Ridges Sanctuary P.O. Box 152 8
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Wisconsin Department of Natural Res
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202 Reader’s Notes
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