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• They are tools for intergovernmental collaboration cutting across political
boundaries to meet regional needs. However, due to the lack of direct public
accountability, there is a high possibility of abuse such as nepotism,
overpricing and mismanagement.
After evaluating many types of intergovernmental cooperation In terms of authority,
efficiency, equity and accountability, the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental
Relations (ACIR, 1974), suggests that comprehensive reforms to existing local governments­
federation, city-county consolidation, and urban county - provide an effective strategy in the
area of accountability, equity and authority. Patchwork strategies, intergovernmental service
agreements, functional transfers, and multipurpose area wide districts are less effective in the
area ofequity and accountability.
For the purposes of probity, accountability, equity and efficiency, intermunicipal cooperation
and functional consolidation as well as regionalism are explored further in this research. The
exploration is with a view to dealing with specific community needs and intermunicipal
realignment for cross boundary developmental concerns in Ulundi.
2.6 CONCLUSION
This chapter has reviewed the pro-growth and pro-poor perspectives of LED. The application
ofthese two dimensions in this study of Ulundi taking into consideration the local needs and
resources is noted. In South Africa, the pro-poor perspective of LED reigns more supreme
than the market driven school of thought. This is more prevalent in developing rural
municipalities with little or no source of local funding for capital expenditure. As part ofthe
literature review, the three models of urban structure and land use namely the concentric, the
sector, multiple nuclei models as postulated by Burgess, HO)1, and Harris and Ullman
respectively are also presented.
Moreover, a section of theoretical framework presented here has reviewed the challenges
underlying political fragmentation and regionalism. It should however be noted that. support
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