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evaluative; and for others, scientifically established [www.wordig.comldefinitionloovertv.
(2008)]. The principal uses ofthe tenn include:
• Descriptions of material need, including deprivation of essential goods and services,
multiple deprivation and patterns ofdeprivation over time.
• Economic circumstances, describing a lack of wealth, (usually understood as capital,
money, material goods, or resources especially natural resources).
• Social relationships, including social exclusion, dependency and the ability to live
what is understood in a society as a nonnallife: for instance, to be capable ofraising a
healthy family, and especially educating children and participating in society.
Poverty may be seen as the collective condition ofpoor people, or ofpoor groups, and in this
sense entire nation-states are sometimes regarded as poor [www.developmentgoals.com
/povertv.htm, (2008)]. In this study, poverty is operationally defined in tenns of monetary
value. In this case, bread-winners receiving R3000 and below per month are defined as
facing poverty.
1.4.14 State o(the art
The state of the art is an adjective used to describe the highest level of development, as a
device, technique or scientific field, achieved at a particular time [www.wikipedia.orgl
wiki/State_of_the_art, (2008)]. In this research study the phrase applies to the highest level of
development reached by certain cultural attributes associated with the study area, utilising
modern methods in local economic development. The assumption is that this development
will be achieved in a sustainable manner.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH
The literature on issues like spatial structures and land use in human settlements (urban
functions, rural dependence and support) is reviewed. Moreover, an overview of the local
economic development prerogatives established within the framework ofthe IDP is explored.
Central to the theoretical framework is that development project initiatives are a product of
communal decision-making tools that promote environmental management and sustainable
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