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affairs and activities of these five rural areas was interviewed using open-ended questions about the socio-economic conditions and development in these areas. Also interviewed were the ward councillors responsible for these rural areas on the sustainability of community development projects and job creation using the landscape and cultural attributes. The digital spatial data were then obtained from the current census as well as other secondary sources of information. This served as the spatial basis for evaluating the level of effectiveness and efficiency in landscape and cultural attributes on the local economic development of the Ulundi Local Municipality. 4.2.4.2 Attribute data The attributes of spatial objects allowed for spatial analysis by defining the different characteristics ofobjects. Data on variables such as: • Awareness level ofexisting tourism products e.g., game reserves • Monthly income ofhousehold heads were used to create pie-charts and or bar graphs in order to compare and differentiate the responses ofhousehold heads between the five spatial units ofthe study area. 4.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA Analysis in research means the breakdown, categorisation, ordering and summarising of data so as to get answers to research questions. The purpose of analysis is to reduce data into intelligible and interpretable form, which can be achieved through the process of description. explanation and prediction, and these vary with the statistical measures used (Magi, 2005). In this study, statistical analyses of frequencies, cross tabulations and of association between attributes were used to complement the qualitative discussion. 4.3.1 Frequency Simple counts of various attributes were determined both in actual figures and percentages. For example, various tables and figures were created to describe the frequencies of chosen variables among the various household heads. For instance. simple statistical frequencies were constructed to determine the importance and impacts of the landscape and cultural 97
attributes in the development of Ulundi. In doing so, the level of knowledge of household heads (hh) about the landscape and cultural features was also determined. This was supplemented by other statistical approaches such as cross tabulation and analysis of association. 4.3.2 Cross tabulation The data base was set initially using Microsoft Excel (Windows Xp). The data were then exported into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programme This software enables the determination of statistical cross tabulation as well as analysis of association. The key attributes in the data base were cross-tabulated to determine if any relationship existed between them. For instance, the relationship between gender and the level of education of household heads, their occupation and number of children were analysed. This statistical exercise is deemed important for the study, since it gives insight into the degree to which the variables are related both in strength and direction. Most of the variables that were cross-tabulated in this research were demographic in orientation and objective data on landscape and cultural attributes were obtained at focused interviews with open-ended questions. Establishing an objective perspective of the landscape and cultural attributes as land use was crucial in this research in order to buttress the views of household heads. In order to advance this objective, documented pieces of information were obtained from resourced individuals, relevant government institutions, representatives of civic organisations as well as other developmental stakeholders. 4.3.3 Analysis ofrelationsbips or association The Pearson's chi-square measure is used to test the level of dependence between variables. It is a most widely used measure of association (Otty, 1974). It is applied to situations in which either a single sample of items are categorised in two or more different ways or, equivalently, where two or more samples are classified according to the same attribute. In the course ofworking out the relational analyses, the degree ofassociation between variables was computed. • The relationship between occupation and education level ofhousehold heads. 98
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A Situational and Land Use Analysis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This achievement i
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DECLARATION I declare that this res
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strategic path for purposes of addi
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1.7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO THEORETI
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4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 91 4.2.1 Sampli
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CHAPTER SIX THE ANALYSIS AND INTERP
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FIGURE 1.1 1.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES DESCRIPTION P
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6.34 7.1 Efficiency and effectivene
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This study provides relevant and me
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The Ulundi Local Municipality seems
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Nearly half the area of the municip
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(a) To determine the various land u
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1.4.4 Land use analysis Land use an
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Hence, the 'sustainable development
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evaluative; and for others, scienti
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namely, the concentric, the sector,
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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERA
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Key global changes have obliged cit
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Regarding a second categorization,
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efers to the overall planning and m
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stressed that employment generation
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were described as community based e
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the investigation considers issues
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y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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houses increases with distance from
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Zones and sectors tend to distort f
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Many cities are really too large an
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The classical models of the city su
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model is significant in this study
Page 65 and 66: a service, or solving a mutual prob
Page 67 and 68: for regionalism has been weak. Alte
Page 69 and 70: FinalIy, this chapter incorporates
Page 71 and 72: UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
Page 73 and 74: legislation gaps and strong urban b
Page 75 and 76: • They involve local, national an
Page 77 and 78: and objectives. Are they realistic?
Page 79 and 80: This study acknowledges the importa
Page 81 and 82: 3.2.2.6 Benefits ofIDP for differen
Page 83 and 84: It must also ensure that the !DP co
Page 85: India, Africa, Asia and South Ameri
Page 88 and 89: The Lewis structuralist model is an
Page 90 and 91: human capital is the skill and know
Page 92 and 93: World leaders authored a list of de
Page 94 and 95: 3.4.2 Demography Another important
Page 96 and 97: economic and political relationship
Page 98: In the first phase ofthe project, h
Page 101 and 102: elections. They replaced the title
Page 103 and 104: On the basis ofthe Lebanon experien
Page 105 and 106: exist with various departments name
Page 107 and 108: 3.8 CONCLUSION The chapter establis
Page 109 and 110: 4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR METHO
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 4.1: THE FIVE SPATIAL UNITS
Page 113 and 114: The research tool established the b
Page 115: cultural attributes in the study ar
Page 119 and 120: 4.4.3 Interpretation (Understanding
Page 121 and 122: 5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE THE S
Page 123: in South Africa and a new municipal
Page 126 and 127: and historical sites around Ulundi
Page 128 and 129: FIGURE 5.2: The main transport syst
Page 130 and 131: government services were concentrat
Page 132 and 133: opportunities for the Zululand Regi
Page 134 and 135: (Appavoo and Associates, 1998). Alt
Page 136 and 137: 5.4.1 Water According to the Recons
Page 138 and 139: From Table 5.1 above, about 83.7% p
Page 140 and 141: plans will serve as a guide both to
Page 142 and 143: the places ofresidence oflearners a
Page 144 and 145: spatial or non-spatial. All of us u
Page 146 and 147: 5.6.3 Environmental systems and lin
Page 148 and 149: alance) are in state ownership, or
Page 150 and 151: 5.7.2 Role Section 35(2) of the MSA
Page 152 and 153: Municipalities respectively) have b
Page 154 and 155: Mkhazane, Mabedlane, Mbangayiya, Mt
Page 156 and 157: 60 50 Gl 40 Cl S c: 30 Gl U.. Gl 20
Page 159 and 160: Table 6.4: The relationship between
Page 163 and 164: above children per household. The h
Page 165 and 166: 6.4.1 Objective One: Existing lands
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• Opathe Emakhosini Heritage Park
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(e) White Umjolozi river andAloepla
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(i) Accommodation andhospitalityfac
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majority of the households appear t
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interviewed (31 %) were within the
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The community services division of
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Table 6.19 describes the trend ofa
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Table 6.21: The strategies for impr
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attlefields and the broad coastal a
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The ZDM (planning division) indicat
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Table 6.24: Community projects in U
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Interestingly, a significant 18% of
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that undermined the economic sustai
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and credit control policy in the 20
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The nature and levels of performanc
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7.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SEVEN FIND
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Zululand, yet most residents do not
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threat to the situational and local
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Stages 2 and 3: Environmental analy
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The merging of the externalities (S
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would undergo market development pe
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Pietennaritzburg, limited residenti
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Ulundi. When the models of developm
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Municipality (ZDM), the spatial dev
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To determine the various landscape
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(Agricultural extension support ser
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had been created. The findings of t
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eans to Amajuba from places like Ul
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participation andto recommend a dev
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According to the municipal council,
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Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). The D
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7.5.2. Tourism The regIOn has a hig
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land use propositions ID Ulundi. Th
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in such a way that they lead to the
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full (maximum) utilisation ofthe em
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Briffault, R. (2000): Localism and
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Helmsing, A.H.J. (2001a) Local Econ
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Meintjes, C.J. (2001): Guidelines t
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Scot!, G. and Pawson, E. (1999) Loc
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Zhu J (1999) Local Growth Coalition
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http://www.c-r.orglour-work/accord/
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http://www.wpunj.edu/-newpoVissues2
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(c) 7 and above [ ] 5. How many dep
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D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUS
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(a) Yes [I (b) No [I (c) Not sure [
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the spatial, socio-economic and adm
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