View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository
View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository View/Open - University of Zululand Institutional Repository
3.6.3 Local Government and municipal reform in Lebanon The issue of reforming and reviving Lebanon's local government network is of central importance to reforming and reviving the Lebanese political and administrative system as a whole. This is because the number ofmunicipalities is relatively high (over 600). Moreover, the political, administrative, fiscal, social, and economic issues interwoven in the municipal issue are so complex in Lebanon. A serious and thorough study of the problems and challenges facing local government in Lebanon is a critical first step in developing a rational policy toward this complex issue (LCPS, 1998). To address this issue, the Lebanese Centre Policy Studies (LCPS, 1998) undertook and has concluded a study on the situation of municipalities. The study aimed to identitY problems, devise solutions and suggest reforms. The researchers chose and managed their own field research assistants, conducted surveys of dozens of municipalities in the various regions, collected data and a literature review of books, journals and newspapers, and conducted interviews with officials of ministries, heads of municipalities, and municipal government experts. Throughout the implementation ofthe research project, and after months of research. the five researchers presented their work in a one-day conference on municipal government held in the month of October, 1994. The conference was attended by public administration experts, representatives from the Ministry of Municipal and Village Affairs, as well as parliamentary deputies, journalists and academics. The conference brought to the forefront the problems facing municipal government in Lebanon. Many municipalities in Lebanon have become dysfunctional and many are ineffective and suffer from serious financing. staffing, and administrative problems. During the conference, the panicipants suggested ways of improving the municipalities' situation by suggesting the holding of municipal elections, and the provision to municipalities the needed authority to make their own autonomous decisions (LCPS, 1998). 83
On the basis ofthe Lebanon experience, this study does accept the presence ofreligious civil war in Lebanon, which does not prevail in the study area. However, this thesis seeks to emulate the best practices the Lebanese instituted such as research development and conferences of municipal problems to improve the dysfunctional and ineffective financial management, staffing and administration challenges facing their municipalities. 3.7 A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE This section ofthe survey presents an overview of a South African perspective of municipal successes and challenges. The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality has been selected in this study on the grounds that Pretoria (South Africa's administrative capital) is situated within a Metropolitan Area. Also to be accommodated in this section is the Durban Metropolitan Area (DMA). The inclusion ofthe DMA in this section gives a provincial insight as the study area (Ulundi) and the former are situated in KwaZulu-NataJ Province. In undertaking a survey on the situational and spatial analysis of spatial development in Ulundi, it is appropriate to have an overview of the best practices of development in other South African municipal areas, such as Tshwane and Durban metropolitan areas. It is expected that this approach would bring to bear a national and a provincial insight to this developmental study of Ulundi. 3.7.1 Kev problems in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipalitv Using Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as a case study, this section of the work describes problems and successes ofthe above-mentioned municipality. This is meant to highlight the major or common problems which the Tshwane interviewees identified, for which reforms of varying proportions are required (Potgietcr, 200 I). The City of Tshwane is often referred to as a divided city. particularly referring to the stark contrasts in development. There are many areas that are still underserviced such as Mamelodi, Atteridgeville, GaRanKuwa, Winterveldt and Temba. This problem is further exacerbated by the growing informal settlements (Potgieter, 200 I). This is a challenge that 84
- Page 51 and 52: the investigation considers issues
- Page 53 and 54: y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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- Page 71 and 72: UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
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On the basis <strong>of</strong>the Lebanon experience, this study does accept the presence <strong>of</strong>religious civil<br />
war in Lebanon, which does not prevail in the study area. However, this thesis seeks to<br />
emulate the best practices the Lebanese instituted such as research development and<br />
conferences <strong>of</strong> municipal problems to improve the dysfunctional and ineffective financial<br />
management, staffing and administration challenges facing their municipalities.<br />
3.7 A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE<br />
This section <strong>of</strong>the survey presents an overview <strong>of</strong> a South African perspective <strong>of</strong> municipal<br />
successes and challenges. The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality has been selected in this<br />
study on the grounds that Pretoria (South Africa's administrative capital) is situated within a<br />
Metropolitan Area. Also to be accommodated in this section is the Durban Metropolitan Area<br />
(DMA). The inclusion <strong>of</strong>the DMA in this section gives a provincial insight as the study area<br />
(Ulundi) and the former are situated in KwaZulu-NataJ Province.<br />
In undertaking a survey on the situational and spatial analysis <strong>of</strong> spatial development in<br />
Ulundi, it is appropriate to have an overview <strong>of</strong> the best practices <strong>of</strong> development in other<br />
South African municipal areas, such as Tshwane and Durban metropolitan areas. It is<br />
expected that this approach would bring to bear a national and a provincial insight to this<br />
developmental study <strong>of</strong> Ulundi.<br />
3.7.1 Kev problems in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipalitv<br />
Using Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as a case study, this section <strong>of</strong> the work describes<br />
problems and successes <strong>of</strong>the above-mentioned municipality. This is meant to highlight the<br />
major or common problems which the Tshwane interviewees identified, for which reforms <strong>of</strong><br />
varying proportions are required (Potgietcr, 200 I).<br />
The City <strong>of</strong> Tshwane is <strong>of</strong>ten referred to as a divided city. particularly referring to the stark<br />
contrasts in development. There are many areas that are still underserviced such as<br />
Mamelodi, Atteridgeville, GaRanKuwa, Winterveldt and Temba. This problem is further<br />
exacerbated by the growing informal settlements (Potgieter, 200 I). This is a challenge that<br />
84
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