FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROBLEMS EFL ...

3. Methods of the Study------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
3.1 Target Population and Sampling ------------------------------------------------------------31
3.2 Data Gathering Instruments------------------------------------------------------------------31
3.3 Techniques of Data collection and Analysis ----------------------------------------------33
4. Data Presentation and Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------37
4.1 Data of the Questionnaire --------------------------------------------------------------------37
4.1.1 Analysis and Results of the Questionnaire------------------------------------------37
4.1.1.1 The listening text-----------------------------------------------------------------38
4.1.1.2 Listener factors-------------------------------------------------------------------42
4.1.1.3 Speaker factors -------------------------------------------------------------------47
4.1.1.4 Environmental Factors ----------------------------------------------------------48
4.1.2 Other factors that affect the learners’ listening comprehension -----------------49
4.1.3 The listening factor which poses the most difficulty for the learners -----------52
4.2 Analysis and Results of the Interviews. ----------------------------------------------------54
4.2.1 The students’ interview. ---------------------------------------------------------------54
4.2.2 The instructor’s interview -------------------------------------------------------------65
4.3 Observation of the listening environment--------------------------------------------------69
4.4 Materials and Document Analysis ----------------------------------------------------------71
4.4.1 Analysis of the listening materials ---------------------------------------------------72
4.4.1.1 Listening to TOEFL: Test Kit 2 -----------------------------------------------72
4.4.1.2 The Course Module -------------------------------------------------------------76
4.4.2 Analysis of the Learners’ Achievement Scores ------------------------------------80
4.4.2.1 Achievement scores in the listening course----------------------------------80
4.4.2.2 Achievement scores in the ‘Communicative English Skills’--------------82
5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations --------------------------------------------84
5.1 Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------84
5.2 Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
5.3 Recommendations-----------------------------------------------------------------------------88
Bibliography -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------92
Appendix A Questionnaire
Appendix B Students Interview Guide
Appendix C Instructor Interview Guide
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