Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4408-4750. Myconet 13: 59

VOLUME 13 DECEMBER 31, 2007 

<strong>Notes</strong> on ascomycete systematics 

Nos. 4408 - 4750 

H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Sabine M. Huhndorf (eds.) 

The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA 

Abstract 

Lumbsch, H. T. and S.M. Huhndorf (ed.) 2007. <strong>Notes</strong> on ascomycete 

systematics. Nos. 4408 – 4750. Myconet 13: 59 – 99. 

The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and 

nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher 

levels. 

Introduction 

The series ”<strong>Notes</strong> on ascomycete systematics” has been published in Systema Ascomycetum 

(1986-1998) and in Myconet since 1999 as hard copies and now at its new internet home at URL: 

http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/. The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and 

nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels. The date of electronic 

publication is given within parentheses at the end of each entry. 

4476. Acanthotrema A. Frisch 

This monotypic genus was described by Frisch 

(2006) to accommodate Thelotrema brasilianum; 

see note under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006- 

10-18) 

4477. Acarospora A. Massal. 

The genus is restricted by Crewe et al. (2006) to 

a monophyletic group of taxa related to the type 

species A. schleicheri. The A. smaragdula group 

and A. badiofusca are excluded from the genus 

in a strict sense. (2006-10-18) 

4478. Acarosporaceae Zahlbr. 

The delimitation of genera in this family is 

studied by Crewe et al. (2006) who demonstrate 

<strong>Notes</strong> 

59 

that the genera Acarospora, Polysporinopsis, and 

Sarcogyne are not monophyletic in their current 

circumscription; see also notes under 

Acarospora (4477) and Polysporinopsis (4543). 

(2006-10-18) 

4568. Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest 

This new genus is described for a single new 

lichenized species collected twice in lowland dry 

forests of NW Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2006). 

It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on ascus-type. 

Similar genera include Bacidiopsora Kalb and 

Squamacidia Brako. The latter is said to differ 

by thallus morphology and unexplained details 

of apothecia, while the former differs in 

morphology, apothecial pigmentation, ascospore 

morphology and thallus chemistry. The genus 

will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in

Ramalinaceae, but additional studies – including 

molecular data – appear necessary to elucidate 

the placement of the genus. (2006-12-20) 

4569. Almbornia Essl. 

See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615). (2006- 

12-20) 

4479. Amphilogia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 

This genus was described in Gryzenhout et al. 

(2005) and will be placed in Cryphonectriaceae 

following Gryzenhout et al. (2006); see note 

under Cryphonectriaceae (4497). (2006-10-18) 

4480. Ampliotrema Kalb 

This genus was described by Kalb (2004), but 

the description lacked a generic type. The name 

has been validated by Frisch (2006). However, 

Frisch (2006) discussed the similarities to 

Ocellularia and Frisch et al. (2006) showed that 

Ampliotrema is nested within a strongly 

supported Ocellularia s.str. Consequently, 

Ampliotrema will be regarded a synonym of 

Ocellularia in the next outline; see also note 

under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18) 

4408. Annulatascaceae S.W. Wong, K.D. Hyde 

& E.B.G. Jones 

In a phylogenetic study using partial LSU rDNA 

sequences (Vijaykrishna et al. 2005) the family 

fell into two distinct clades, one was sister to 

Ophiostomatales and another clade basal to these 

two groups. (2006-05-30) 

4409. Annulohypoxylon Y.-M. Ju, J.D. Rogers 

& H.-M. Hsieh 

Hypoxylon sect. Annulata was raised to generic 

level by Hsieh et al. (2005); see note under 

Hypoxylon. (2006-05-30) 

4410. Anziaceae M. Sato 

Based on deviating ascospores this family is 

often kept separate from Parmeliaceae (e.g., 

Kärnefelt & Thell 1992). However, it agrees 

with the latter family in ascomatal anatomy and 

molecular studies (Mattsson & Wedin 1999, 

60 

Thell et al. 2004) supported its inclusion in 

Parmeliaceae. Consequently, Anzia will be 

included in Parmeliaceae in the next outline. 

(2006-05-30) 

4450. Apodus Malloch & Cain 

See note under Sordariaceae (4469). (2006-07- 

17) 

4481. Apogaeumannomyces Matsush. 

This genus was described by Matsushima (2003) 

for a species isolated from palm fronds and 

forming the teleomorph and a Cercosporula 

anamorph in culture. It is placed in the 

Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. until its affinities 

can be established. (2006-10-18) 

4616. Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain 

Greif and Currah (2007) studied the ascoma 

development in this monotypic genus and 

showed that A. leptoderma belongs in 

Chaetomidium. Consequently, Aporothielavia is 

placed into synonymy with that genus. (2007-06- 

05) 

4617. Aptrootia Lücking & Sipman 

Lücking et al. (2007) described this new genus in 

Trypetheliaceae for an aberrant species in that 

family. It was previously believed to belong to 

Thelenellaceae, but del Prado et al. (2006) 

demonstrated it belongs to Dothideomycetes. It 

should be noted that the generic concept in this 

family requires revision. (2007-06-05) 

4618. Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler & 

Currah 

Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in 

Onygenales. (2007-06-05) 

4570. Arthroascus Arx 

Naumov et al. (2006) described two new taxa in 

this yeast genus using molecular data to support 

their decision. The genus was previously 

included in Saccharomycopsis in the outline, but 

previously Naumov et al. (2003) provided 

evidence from a phylogenetic analysis inferred

from nu LSU rDNA sequences that Arthroascus 

is a distinct lineage. Hence the genus will be 

accepted within Saccharomycopsidaceae in the 

next outline. (2006-12-20) 

4619. Arthrorhaphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this 

family needs to be placed in Ostropomycetidae 

inc. sed. (2007-06-05) 

4620. Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow 

Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) showed that the 

genus is synonymous with Kazachstania. (2007- 

06-05) 

4482. Ascocoronospora Matsush. 


for a species isolated from decaying litter and 

forming the teleomorph and a Coronospora 


Dothideomycetidae inc. sed. until its affinities 


4483. Ascofascicula Matsush. 


for a species isolated from soil and forming the 

teleomorph in culture with ascospores that have a 

spiral-like ornamentation. The hymenium 

appeared to form without an enclosing structure. 

It is placed in the Ascomycota inc. sed. until its 

affinities can be established. (2006-10-18) 

4411. Ascomycota 

Lopandic et al. (2005) used a SSU rDNA 

phylogeny framework to discuss chemical 

differences in major clades of Ascomycota. Cell 

wall carbohydrates and ubiquinone components 

were analyzed within numerous Ascomycota. 

Saccharomycotina were found to have a glucosemannose 

pattern differing from that of 

Pezizomycotina, while basal Ascomycota 

showed a glucose-mannose-galactose-rhamnose- 

(fucose) profile. Differences in the ubiquinone 

patterns were also found. This underlines the 

phylogenetic importance of chemotaxonomic 

characters to circumscribe major lineages in 

fungi. The authors interpret their 

chemotaxonomic results, however, as 

61 

contradictive to molecular phylogenies in placing 

Saccharomycotina at the base of Ascomycota. 

(2006-05-30) 

4621. Ascosphaerales Gäum. ex Skou 

Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in 


4412. Ascoyunnania L. Cai & K.D. Hyde 

This new genus was described for a new species 

collected from submerged bamboo in China (Cai 

et al. 2005). A single collection is known and 

hence no molecular data are available for a 

placement of this enigmatic fungus that has 

deeply immersed, ostiolate ascomata, hyaline 

guttulate ascospores that germinate to form dark 

brown to black, globose, tuberculate secondary 

spores. The genus will be placed in 

Sordariomycetes incertae sedis. (2006-05-30) 

4571. Aspicilia A. Massal. 

See note under Megasporaceae (4591). (2006- 

12-20) 

4572. Ayria Fryar & K.D. Hyde 

This new genus is described for a single species 

collected on submerged rotting wood that is most 

similar to Pseudoproboscispora Punith., but 

differs in having asci lacking an apical ring and 

non-septate, biseriate ascospores (Fryar & Hyde 

2004). It will be accepted in the next outline in 

Annulatascaceae. (2006-12-20) 

4622. Babjevia van der Walt & M.Th. Smith 

See note 4643. (2007-06-05) 

4413. Baeomycetaceae Dumort. 

This family is currently placed incertae sedis, but 

molecular studies (e.g., Lutzoni et al. 2004, 

Wedin et al. 2005) supported its placement in 

Ostropomycetidae. Its exact placement is 

uncertain and it will be placed in 

Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis. (2006-05-30) 

4623. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.

In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this 

family clustered in Ostropomycetidae and it will 

be placed in this suborder inc. sed. in the next 

outline. (2007-06-05) 

4484. Basidioascus Matsush. 

This genus was described as an ascomycete by 

Matsushima (2003) for a species isolated from 

soil. The photographs in the publication clearly 

show hyphae with clamp connections and 

developing basidia with up to four basidiospores 

forming on elongate sterigmata. It is therefore 

excluded from Ascomycota and placed in 

Basidiomycota inc. sed. until its affinities can be 

established. (2006-10-18) 

4624. Boreoplaca Timdal 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence 

that this genus should be transferred from 

Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanoromycetidae 

inc. sed., supporting earlier studies by Wedin et 

al. (2005). (2007-06-05) 

4485. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. 

The major clades in Botryosphaeriaceae are 

resolved by Crous et al. (2006) using nu LSU 

rDNA sequence data. 12 clades are recognized 

with two of them falling outside the family. 

Within the family ten lineages are accepted. The 

clades are characterized by distinct types of 

anamorphs. No new teleomorph generic name 

was proposed. (2006-10-18) 

4625. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. 

See note 4626 under Botryosphaeriales. (2007- 

06-05) 

4626. Botryosphaeriales Schoch, Crous & 

Shoemaker 

This new order in Dothideomycetes is described 

by Schoch et al. (2007) to accommodate 

Botryosphaeriaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4627. Bryoglossum Redhead 

62 

Wang et al. (2007) suggested transferring this 

genus from Geoglossaceae to Hyaloscyphaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4414. Bryogomphus Lücking, W.R. Buck, 

Sérus. & L.I. Ferraro 

The recently described species Gomphillus 

caribaeus (Buck 1998) was shown to differ from 

Gomphillus s.str. in having lecanoroid, 

Sporopodium-type asci and a 

prosoplectenchymatous exciple (Lücking et al. 

2005). The new genus is placed in Pilocarpaceae 

(Lecanorales). (2006-05-30) 

4415. Bulbotrichella V. Marcano, S. Mohali & 

A. Morales 

This genus is currently accepted in Parmeliaceae, 

but Lumbsch (1997) showed that its distinction 

was based on conidiomata that in fact belong to a 

lichenicolous fungus. Hence, the genus is treated 

as a synonym of Bulbothrix in the next outline. 

(2006-05-30) 

4628. Caliciaceae Chevall. 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported previous 

results that this family is nested within 

Physciaceae (Helms et al. 2003, Wedin et al. 

2003). Hence in the next outline Caliciaceae will 

be treated as a synonym of Physciaceae. (2007- 

06-05) 

4416. Candelariaceae Hakul. 

Currently this family is included in 

Lecanoraceae, but phylogenetic analyses showed 

that it has a basal position in Lecanoromycetes 

and is not closely related to Lecanoraceae (e.g., 

Wedin et al. 2005). Thus it will be accepted as an 

independent family in the next outline. (2006-05- 

30) 

4629. Candelariaceae Hakul. 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported the 

independence of Candelariaceae from 

Lecanoraceae and found this family to cluster as 

sister to Lecanoromycetidae+Ostropomycetidae. 

They indicate that the description of an order to 

accommodate this family will be necessary. 

(2007-06-05)

4630. Capnodiales Woron. 

This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by 

Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4486. Carassea S. Stenroos 

Stenroos et al. (2002) showed in a phylogenetic 

analysis based on nu SSU rDNA sequences that 

Cladonia is not monophyletic. C. connexa is 

shown to be closer to Metus and Pilophorus and 

consequently segregated as a new genus 

Carassea. The monotypic genus occurs in South 

America, its primary thallus is unknown and it 

differs morphologically from Cladonia in having 

highly anastomosing thallus branches. It will be 

accepted in Cladoniaceae in the next outline. 

(2006-10-18) 

4631. Catillochroma Kalb 

The genus is described by Kalb (2007) for a 

number of crustose, predominantly tropical 

species that have a layered exciple with a 

prosoplectenchymatous outer part and an inner 

part, which is composed of a textura intricata 

with large intercellular spaces. It is placed in 

Megalariaceae and will be accepted in the 

forthcoming outline. (2007-06-05) 

4487. Celoporthe Nakab., Gryzenh, Jol. Roux 

& M.J. Wingf. 

The genus was described by Nakabonge et al. 

(2006) for a pathogenic fungus on Myrtales in 

South Africa. The genus resembles 

Chrysoporthe, but is not closely related in a 

phylogenetic analysis and differs in 

morphological characters, such as short 

perithecial necks, cylindrical to ovoid conidia, 

and pseudoparenchymatous stromatic tissue at 

the conidiomatal base. It will be accepted in 

Cryphonectriaceae in the next outline. (2006-10- 

18) 

4573. Cepsiclava J. Walker 

Walker (2004) described this new genus in 

Clavicipitaceae for an endophyte occurring in 

southeastern Australia. It is unique in the family 

in invading stamens before ovaries. (2006-12-20) 

63 

4488. Ceratocystiopsis H.P. Upadhyay & W.B. 

Kendr. 

This genus is resurrected by Zipfel et al. (2006); 

see note under Ophiostoma (4537). (2006-10-18) 

4489. Ceratostomella Sacc. 

Réblová (2006) emended the generic concept of 

Ceratostomella, accepting four species and using 

multigene data found that its affinities are within 

the Sordariomycetidae in a large unsupported 

clade that includes members of the 

Ophiostomatales and the Annulatascaceae. It will 

be included in the Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. 

(2006-10-18) 

4574. Cetradonia J.-C. Wei & Ahti 

Zhou et al. (2006) demonstrated that this 

monotypic genus belongs to Cladoniaceae where 

it was sister to Gymnoderma, the genus in which 

the single species was formerly placed. The 

status of this genus needs to be re-assessed with 

special emphasis on the distinction to 

Gymnoderma. (2006-12-20) 

4575. Cetradoniaceae J.-C. Wei & Ahti 

The family was shown to be nested within 

Cladoniaceae in a phylogenetic study by Zhou et 

al. (2006). Consequently, it will be reduced to 

synonymy with the latter family in the next 

outline. 

4490. Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. 

Huhndorf and Fernández (2005) using data from 

ITS, expanded the concept of Chaetosphaeria to 

include additional scolecosporous species with 

distinct globose, outer ascomatal wall cells. This 

characteristic was used by Matsushima (2003) to 

describe a new genus (see note 4538). Fernández 

et al. (2006) upheld the monophyly of 

Chaetosphaeria and the separation of Zignoella 

and Melanopsammella from Chaetosphaeria in 

analyses using data from LSU and beta tubulin 

genes. (2006-10-18) 

4491. Chaetosphaerides Matsush. 


for a species isolated from plant material and

forming the teleomorph and a Ramichloridium 




4492. Chapsa A. Massal. 

This genus was resurrected by Frisch (2006); see 

note under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10- 

18) 

4632. Chlorencoelia J.R. Dixon 


genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4417. Chondropsis Nyl. 


but since morphological and molecular data have 

shown it to be part of Xanthoparmelia 

(Hawksworth & Crespo 2002, Blanco et al. 

2004), it will be treated as a synonym of the 

latter in the next outline. (2006-05-30) 

4493. Chroodiscus (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. 

The genus is used in a restricted sense by Frisch 

(2006); see note under Thelotremataceae (4561). 

(2006-10-18) 

4494. Chrysoporthe Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 

This genus, currently classified as Diaporthales 

inc. sed., will be placed in Cryphonectriaceae 



4576. Cladoniaceae Zenker 

See note under Cetradoniaceae (4575). (2006-12- 

20) 

4451. Clathroporina Müll. Arg. 

See note under Porinaceae (4465). (2006-07-17) 

4577. Coccotremataceae Henssen ex J.C. 

David & D. Hawksw. 

64 

In a phylogenetic study employing nu LSU and 

mt SSU rDNA sequence data, Schmitt et al. 

(2006) showed that Coccotremataceae are 

closely related to Pertusariaceae s.str. Although 

this relationship is not strongly supported, 

Pertusariales is strongly supported and hence the 

family will be placed in Pertusariales in the next 

issue of the outline. (2006-12-20) 

4418. Coenogoniaceae (Fr.) Stizenb. 

Kauff & Büdel (2005) presented morphological 

evidence that supports the distinction of 

Coenogoniaceae from Gyalectaceae proposed by 

Kauff & Lutzoni (2002) based on molecular 

data. They showed that members of 

Coenogoniaceae differ in ascomatal ontogeny 

and anatomy, ascospore size and septation, and 

thallus and pycnidial anatomy. (2006-05-30) 

4495. Cornipulvina Huhndorf, A.N. Mill., 

F.A. Fernández & Lodge 

This genus was described for a single species 

with long-necked stromata and ellipsoid 

ascospores (Huhndorf et al. 2005). LSU 

sequence data places it in the Boliniaceae where 

it will be listed in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4633. Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon 

Geiser et al. (2007) and Spatafora et al. (2007) 

showed that this order belong to 

Eurotiomycetidae. (2007-06-05) 

4634. Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin 

The genus is described in Inderbitzin et al. 

(2006) for a species previously included in 

Pleospora, but differing in ascospore- and 

anamorph-morphology. Molecular analyses 

show that it belongs to the Alternaria group and 

not in Pleospora. Hence, the genus will be 

accepted in the forthcoming outline. (2007-06- 

05) 

4496. Cryphonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 




under Cryphonectriaceae (4496). Gryzenhout et 

al. (2005a) proposed the conservation of the

genus name with a conserved type, C. parasitica, 

against C. gyrosa. (2006-10-18) 

4497. Cryphonectriaceae Gryzenh. & M.J. 

Wingf. 

Gryzenhout et al. (2006) described this family to 

accommodate genera that cluster in the 

Cryphonectria-Endothia complex and that are 

distinguished from other groups in the 

Diaporthales by pigmentation or distinctive color 

pigment reactions. Additional genera that cluster 

in this well supported familial clade are 

Amphilogia, Chrysoporthe and Rostraureum. All 

five genera form distinct and well supported 

clades. (2006-10-18) 

4498. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter 

Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated that the family 

that is currently listed among families with 

uncertain position in 

Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes belongs 

to Pleosporales where it will be listed in the next 

outline. (2006-10-18) 

4635. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter 

This family will be placed in Pleosporales in the 

forthcoming outline, following the study by 

Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4578. Cuspidatispora A. Mill., Shearer, 

Bartolata & Huhndorf 

Miller et al. (2006) described a new genus and 

species in Sordariales based on data from beta 

tubulin and LSU genes. It has apiosporous 

ascospores with a pronounced apical wall 

extension and villose ascomata with a central 

melanized wall layer and an areolate outer wall 

layer. While apiosporous ascospores are 

routinely found within the order, the apical wall 

extension is a unique character in the group. The 

family designation of Cuspidatispora is 

unresolved and thus it is placed in Sordariales 

inc. sed. (2006-12-20) 

4579. Cyttariales Luttr. ex Gamundi 

See note under Leotiomycetes (4586). (2006-12- 

20) 

65 

4419. Dasyscyphus Nees 

The genus is shown to be a synonym of 

Lachnum (Hyaloscyphaceae) by Suková (2005). 

For the later homonym Dasyscyphus Fuckel, 

nom. illeg. the new name Neodasyscypha 

Suková & Spooner is proposed; see note under 

that name. (2006-05-30) 

4636. Davidgallowia Aptroot 

Aptroot (2007) described this new lichen genus 

for a single collection from Papua New Guinea. 

The genus is placed in Parmeliaceae and said to 

differ from the morphologically similar genera 

Cavernularia and Hypogymnia by the absence of 

atranorin in the cortex and bicornute ascospores. 

It differs from Menegazzia in having a smooth 

upper surface and also bicornute ascospores. No 

molecular data were presented. Since bicornute 

ascospores are not regarded as a generic 

character in other genera in Parmeliaceae (e.g. 

Bulbothrix contains species with ellipsoidal and 

bicornute ascospores; Divakar & Upreti 2004, 

Elix 1994), the status of this genus requires 

additional studies. It will be accepted in 

Parmeliaceae for the time being. (2007-06-05) 

4637. Davidiellaceae Schoch, Spatafora, Crous 

& Shoemaker 

This new family in Capnodiales is described for 

Davidiella species with their Cladosporium 

anamorphs (Schoch et al. 2007). (2007-06-05) 

4638. Dekkera van der Walt 

See note 4710 under Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4499. Delitschiaceae M.E. Barr 

The distinction of this family from 

Sporormiaceae is supported by Kruys et al. 

(2006). (2006-10-18) 

4500. Diademaceae Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. 

Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated that the family 

that is currently listed among families with 

uncertain position in 

Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes belongs


outline. (2006-10-18) 

4639. Diatrypaceae Nitschke 

A phylogenetic study based on morphological 

characters of the family is presented by Caraman 

et al. (2006) who propose to resurrect 

Peroneutypa (see under note 4701). (2007-06- 

05) 

4640. Dictyographa Müll. Arg. 

This genus is reduced to synonymy with 

Opegrapha by Ertz and Diederich (2007). These 

authors confirm previous studies (Matzer 1996) 

showing that the two genera agree in most 

ascomatal characters, with the sole exception of 

spore septation. While Opegrapha has 

transversally septate ascospores, the spores in 

Dictyographa are muriform. Consequently, the 

two genera are merged, which will be followed 

in the next outline. (2007-06-05) 

4641. Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc. 

This genus clustered in Pleosporales in the 

analyses by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4501. Didymosphaeriaceae Munk 

Kruys et al. (2006) showed that the family that is 

currently listed among families with uncertain 

position in 

Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes belongs 


outline. (2006-10-18) 

4642. Diomedella Hertel 

Diomedella was reduced to synonymy with 

Lecanora by Rambold (1989), which will be 

followed in the forthcoming outline. (2007-06- 

05) 

4452. Diplogelasinospora Cain 

See note under Sordariaceae (4469). (2006-07- 

17) 

4643. Dipodascopsis L.R. Batra & Millner 

66 

Kurtzman et al. (2007) emendated the diagnosis 

of this genus to include Babjevia. (2007-06-05) 

4453. Dolichousnea (Y. Ohmura) Articus 

This genus will be treated as a synonym of 

Usnea in the next outline; see note under Usnea 

(4473). (2006-07-17) 

4644. Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Schoch et al. (2007) presented a new 

phylogenetic analysis using a multigene data set 

from 96 taxa and discussed the evolution of 

characters in this class. Numerous changes are 

necessary as the result of this study; these are 

listed under the subclass, order, family and 

generic names. (2007-06-05) 

4645. Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. 

Cannon, J.C, David & J.A. Stalpers ex 

Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker 

The new subclass in Dothideomycetes (Schoch 

et al. 2007) is described for the aparaphysate 

Dothideomycetes and includes the orders 

Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Myriangiales. 

(2007-06-05) 

4502. Endothia Fr. 





4420. Enterographa Fée 

The genus is revised by Sparrius (2004). He 

accepted 35 species, mainly distributed in the 

tropics. (2006-05-30) 

4503. Eremodothis Arx 

Kruys et al. (2006) showed that this genus 

belongs to Sporormiaceae and not 

Testudinaceae. Hence it will be placed in the 

former in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4580. Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan


20) 

4504. Erythromada Huhndorf, A.N. Mill., 

F.A. Fernández & Lodge 

This genus was described for a single species 

with superficial, clustered ascomata and 

scolecosporous ascospores (Huhndorf et al. 

2005). LSU sequence data places it near 

Rimaconus among a group of unresolved taxa in 

the Sordariomycetidae. It will be listed in the 

Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline. 

(2006-10-18) 

4646. Etheirophora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 

See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae. (2007- 

06-05) 

4454. Eumitria Stirt. 



(4473). (2006-07-17) 

4647. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Geiser et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to 

infer the phylogeny of this class and provided an 

overview of the incredible morphological 

diversity in this clade. They confirmed the 

monophyly of the class with two subclasses, i.e. 

Chaetothyriomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. 

The former includes the orders Chaetothyriales, 

Pyrenulales, and Verrucariales, while 

Eurotiomycetidae includes Coryneliales, 

Eurotiales, and Onygenales (including 

Arachnomyctales and Ascosphaerales). The 

placement of Mycocaliciales in the class is not 

strongly supported. (2007-06-05) 

4505. Fibrillithecis A. Frisch 

This genus was described by Frisch (2006); see 


18) 

4506. Fremitomyces P.F. Cannon & H.C. 

Evans 

67 

This new genus was introduced by Cannon & 

Evans (1999) for two species from East Africa 

and the Seychelles occurring on Erythroxylaceae 

with initially brightly colored stromata. The 

genus will be listed in Phyllachoraceae. (2006- 

10-18) 

4455. Frigidopyrenia Grube 

Grube (2005) described this new genus to 

accommodate an arctic lichen that was 

previously placed in Collemopsidium or 

Pyrenocollema. It, however, differs from these 

genera by producing relatively large ascomata 

with thick-walled, pigmented hyphae connecting 

the ascomatal base with the lichen thallus, 

different peridial cells and more cylindrical asci. 

(2006-07-17) 

4581. Funiliomyces Aptroot 

This new genus was described by Aptroot 

(2004). In a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA 

sequences, the new genus was sister to a clade 

including Arecophila K.D. Hyde and a Rosellinia 

spp. The genus will be accepted in 

Amphisphaeriaceae in the next outline. (2006- 

12-20) 

4421. Fusoidispora D. Vijaykrishna, R. 

Jeewon & K.D. Hyde 

This new genus was described by Vijaykrishna 

et al. (2005) to accommodate a freshwater 

fungus with fusoid ascospores with mucilaginous 

pads at both apices and long cylindrical asci with 

refractive apical rings. The genus is placed in 

Annulatascaceae, which was found to be 

polyphyletic (see under Annulatascaceae). 

(2006-05-30) 

4648. Gallaicolichen Serux. & Lücking 

This new genus is introduced for a sterile 

foliicolous lichen that cannot be placed 

elsewhere (Serusiaux & Lücking 2007). In the 

absence of any ascomata or molecular data, the 

genus will be placed incertae sedis in the next 

outline. (2007-06-05) 

4507. Gelasinospora Dowding

In a molecular study using partial LSU, Garcia et 

al (2004; see also Note #4194) determined that 

Gelasinospora could not be maintained as 

separate from Neurospora and was placed into 

synonymy under the earlier genus. In that study 

species of Sordaria were not included. With 

multiple gene analyses the picture changes. Cai 

et al. (2006) in a phylogenetic study using partial 

LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, presented 

evidence that is suggestive of a complex 

relationship between species of Sordaria, 

Gelasinospora and Neurospora with species of 

Gelasinospora and Neurospora not forming a 

single monophyletic clade separate from species 

of Sordaria. As Gelasinospora and Neurospora 

appear to be closely related but do not resolve as 

monophyletic groups, Gelasinospora cannot be 

maintained as a synonym of Neurospora and will 

again be accepted as a separate genus in the 

Sordariaceae. (2006-10-18) 

4649. Gemmaspora D. Hawksw. & Halici 

The new genus Gemmaspora is described for a 

lichenicolous fungus occurring on Aspicilia 

species. It is referred to Verrucariales based on 

ascoma and ascus structure (Hawksworth & 

Halici 2007). (2007-06-05) 

4582. Geoglossaceae Corda 

Geoglossaceae together with Sarcoleotia formed 

a strongly supported clade outside 

Leotiomycetes in an analysis by Wang et al. 

(2006). The authors proposed ad interim a 

separate class Geoglossomycetes to 

accommodate these fungi. This clade of 

helotialean terrestrial fungi is characterized by 

paraphyses with dark pigments and dark 

ascospores. The family will be removed from 

Leotiomycetes and placed incertae sedis in the 

next outline. It remains to be seen in a study 

including a wider taxon sampling of other 

classes whether the group needs recognition as a 

separate class. (2006-12-20) 

4583. Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc. 

Zhuang & Liu (2006) emended the generic 

concept of Geopyxis to accommodate species 

with ornamented and guttulate ascospores and 

presented morphological and nuSSU rDNA 

sequence data to support their emendation. 

(2006-12-20) 

68 

4650. Gilkeya M.E. Sm., Trappe & Rizzo 

Gilkeya is described as a monotypic genus for an 

ectomycorrhizal fungus in Pyrenomataceae 

(Smith et al. 2006). The new genus is similar to 

Genea, but differs in having globose ascospores, 

vinaceous peridium and lack of a basal tuft of 

hyphae. In the phylogenetic analyses using nu 

LSU rDNA sequences, the genus is sister to 

Genea. (2007-06-05) 

4508. Glionectria Crous & C.L. Schoch 

Crous & Schoch (in Schoch et al. 2000) 

described the new genus Glionectria 

(Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) with the type species 

G. tenuis Crous & C.L. Schoch – O. Eriksson (in 

litt.). (2006-10-18) 

4651. Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W. 

Gams 

This new family is described in Zhang et al. 

(2007) to accommodate the genus Glomerella. 

The new family is placed in Hypocreomycetidae 

inc. sed. (2007-06-05) 

4456. Glomerobolus J. Kohlmeyer & B. 

Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 

An asexual fungus isolated from standing dead 

leaves and culms of the black needle rush has 

been placed in this monotypic genus by 

Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (1996). 

Its relationship was unknown. A molecular study 

by Schoch et al. (2006) showed that it belongs to 

Stictidaceae in Ostropales, where it will be listed 


4584. Graphidaceae Dumort. 

A combined data set of mt SSU and nu LSU 

rDNA data was used by Staiger et al. (2006) to 

evaluate the revised generic concept in the 

family proposed by Staiger (2002). They confirm 

that the family is paraphyletic and suggest 

including Thelotremataceae as a synonym. Given 

the restricted number of taxa studied so far and 

the poor backbone support of the phylogenetic 

tree presented, we prefer to postpone formal 

changes in the classification of the two families 

until a study including a wider taxon sampling

has been made. Some revised generic 

circumscriptions, such as that of Glyphis, 

Phaeographis and Platygramme are supported, 

while other genera, such as Graphis and 

Hemithecium are shown to be non-monophyletic. 

(2006-12-20) 

4509. Grosmannia Gold. 

This genus is re-instated by Zipfel et al. (2006); 

see note under Ophiostoma (4537). (2006-10-18) 

4652. Guignardia Viala & Ravaz 

Schoch et al. (2007) showed that the genus 

belongs to Botryosphaeriaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4653. Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex D. 

Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss. 

Gyalectales was shown to be nested within 

Ostropales by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) who 

discussed the possible classification of 

Ostropales (Ostropales s. lat. vs. Graphidales, 

Gyalectales and Ostropales s.str.). Gyalectales 

will be included in Ostropales in the next outline. 

Molecular analyses including Gomphillaceae and 

Odontotremataceae are urgently needed for a 

revised classification in this group. (2007-06-05) 

4510. Gymnostellatospora Udag., Uchiy. & 

Kamiya 

Rice & Currah (2006) confirmed that this genus 

is distinct from Pseudogymnoascus using ITS 

sequence data. Gymnostellatospora 

accommodates taxa with walnut-shaped 

ascospores with distinct longitudinal crests and 

striations. (2006-10-18) 

4511. Gyrotrema A. Frisch 

This monotypic genus was described by Frisch 

(Frisch & Kalb 2006) to accommodate 

Ocellularia sinuosa; see note under 

Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18) 

4654. Helicogonium W.L. White 

Suh et al. (2007) include this genus in 

Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data 

are currently available and Baral (1999) and Ertz 

69 

and Diederich (2007) point out similarities to 

other mycoparasitic Helotiales. Currently, the 

genus is placed under Ascomycota inc. sed. and 

will remain there until molecular data become 

available that will allow us to understand the 

relationships of that genus. (2007-06-05) 

4585. Helotiales Nannf. 

In a phylogenetic analysis employing nu rDNA 

sequence data, Wang et al. (2006) found nine 

distinct clades within the order, which may form 

the basis for a future family classification within 

this order. The morphology of the clades is 

discussed and some of the clades correspond to 

currently recognized families, but in most the 

data suggest that the circumscriptions of these 

need revision. (2006-12-20) 

4655. Helotiales Nannf. 

Wang et al. (2007) found this order to be 

paraphyletic with Cyttariales, Erysiphales, and 

Rhytismatales nested within. (2007-06-05) 

4656. Heyderia (Fr.) Link 


genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4657. Himantormia I.M. Lamb 

The placement of this Antarctic endemic in 

Parmeliaceae is supported by Thell et al. (2007), 

but the closest relative within the family remains 

unknown. The genus is expanded to include 

Nimisia that occurs in Tierra del Fuego (see note 

4694). (2007-06-05) 

4512. Holocryphia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 

This genus was described by Gryzenhout et al. 

(2006a) to accommodate Cryphonectria 

eucalypti that is distinguished by its ascospore 

septation from other Cryphonectria species and 

is distinct in a phylogenetic analysis. It was 

included in analyses of ITS data (Nakabonge et 

al. 2006) and clusters near Cryphonectria. The 

genus will be accepted in Cryphonectriaceae in 

the next outline. (2006-10-18)

4658. Holwaya Sacc. 


genus from Helotiaceae to Bulgariaceae. (2007- 

06-05) 

4422. Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf. 

A phylogenetic study employing nu SSU rDNA 

sequences by Untereiner et al. (2006) showed the 

family to be polyphyletic. (2006-05-30) 

4659. Hymeneliaceae Körb. 

In the analysis by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) 

this family was sister to Agyriales. It will be 

placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. in the next 

outline. (2007-06-05) 

4660. Hyphopichia von Arx & van der Walt 

Kurtzman (2005) presented molecular evidence 

for the distinction of this genus, which will be 

accepted in Saccharomycetales inc. sed. in the 


4661. Hypocenomyce M. Choisy 


genus should be transferred from Lecideaceae to 

Ophioparmaceae, supporting earlier studies by 

Wedin et al. (2005). (2007-06-05) 

4662. Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & 

Winka 

Schoch et al. (2007b) demonstrated the presence 

of a third lineage of marine fungi in this subclass 

in addition to Halosphaeriales and Lulworthiales. 

This clade is informally named TBM clade, since 

relationships are not resolved with confidence. 

The genera in this clade will be placed in 

Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed. In the next outline. 

The clade includes the genera Etheirophora 

(previously Halosphaeriales), Juncigena 

(previously in Magnaporthaceae), Swampomyces 

and Torpedospora (both previously in 

Sordariomycetes inc. sed.). The placement of 

Bertia, Chaetosphaerella and Melanospora in 

the TBM clade is uncertain due to long branches 

leading to these taxa, although the placement of 

these groups in the Hypocreomycetidae is 

70 

supported by other studies (Zhang et al. 2007). 

(2007-06-05) 

4423. Hypoxylon Bull. 

Beta-tubulin and alpha-actin sequence data were 

used by Hsieh et al. (2005) to infer phylogenetic 

relationships among several xylariaceous genera 

with nodulisporioid anamorphs. Hypoxylon was 

found to be polyphyletic with Hypoxylon sect. 

Hypoxylon closely related to Daldinia and 

Hypoxylon sect. Annulata as a distinct lineage. 

The latter was accepted as a separate genus 

Annulohypoxylon. (2006-05-30) 

4663. Hysteriales Lindau 

The order was is not monophyletic with only 

three out of the four species sampled forming a 

clade. Although falling within the 

Dothideomycetes, the clade containing 

Hysterium could not be placed within the two 

subclasses defined (Schoch et al. 2007). (2007- 

06-05) 

4664. Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El- 

Sharouney, E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai 

The placement of this order in Dothideomycetes 

remains unclear based on nu SSU (Schoch et al. 

2007, data not shown, however). (2007-06-05) 

4513. Japewiella Printzen 

This genus was segregated from Japewia 

(Printzen 1999) for species differing in spore 

wall morphology, paraphyses branching, 

structure of the exciple, and the presence of 

atranorin. The genus will be accepted in 

Lecanoraceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4665. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & 

O.E. Erikss. 


06-05) 

4666. Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa 

See note 4677. (2007-06-05)

4514. Kazachstania Zubcova 

Based on different ascospore walls and 

molecular data Kurtzman et al. (2005) accepted 

this genus as distinct from Saccharomyces. It 

includes pathogenic yeasts occurring in birds and 

mammals. The genus will be accepted in 

Saccharomycetaceae in the next outline. (2006- 

10-18) 

4667. Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw. 

This genus clustered in Dothideomycetes in the 

analysis by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4668. Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki, 

Matsuda & Mikata 

See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes. (2007- 

06-05) 

4515. Komagataella Y. Yamada, M Matsuda, 

K. Maeda & Mikata 

This genus is accepted by Kurtzman (2005); it 

will be listed in Saccharomycetaceae in the next 

outline. (2006-10-18) 

4669. Kregervanrija Kurtzman 

Kurtzman (2006) proposed this new genus that is 

placed in Pichiaceae, see also note 4710 under 

Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4516. Kuraishia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & 

Mikata 

Peter et al. (2005) used this generic name for a 

yeast-type isolated from wood-associated 

habitats. The genus will be accepted in 


10-18) 

4517. Lachancea Kurtzman 

This genus was described by Kurtzman (2003) 

for a monophyletic group of species formerly 

placed in Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces and 

Zygosaccharomyces. It will be accepted in 


10-18) 

71 

4518. Lachnocaulon Clem. & Shaer. nom. 

illeg. 

This genus is currently placed in Cladoniaceae. It 

is a later homonym of Lachnocaulon Kunth 

(1841). Acccording to Feuerer (see "Checklist of 

lichens and lichenicolous fungi of New 

Zealand"; http://www.biologie.unihamburg.de/checklists/australianewzealand/newzealand_l.htm) 

it is a synonym 

of Stereocaulon and hence will be treated as a 

synonym of the latter in the next outline. - O. 

Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18) 

4424. Lasiobolidium Malloch & Cain 

The placement of Lasiobolidium in 

Pyrenomataceae is supported Hansen et al. 

(2005); see note under Orbicula. (2006-05-30) 

4670. Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) presented a new 

phylogenetic analysis based on five different 

nuclear loci including over 250 taxa. The class is 

strongly supported as monophyletic with three 

monophyletic subclasses: Acarosporomycetidae, 

Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, and 

Candelariaceae that cannot be placed in either of 

the sublclasses. (2007-06-05) 

4671. Lecanoromycetidae nom. nud. 

The circumscription of this subclass remains 

uncertain. In the study of Miadlikowska et al. 

(2007) the subclass including Umbilicariaceae, 

Rhizocarpaceae and allied families lacks support. 

The phylogenetic placement of these families 

requires additional studies. (2007-06-05) 

4672. Lecideaceae Chevall. 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that 

this family should be transferred from 

Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. 

Further, they confirmed previous results of 

Buschbom & Mueller (2004) Porpidiaceae is 

synonymous with this family. (2007-06-05) 

4673. Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel


genus needs to be transferred from Psoraceae to 

Lecideaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4519. Lentomitella Höhn. 

This genus is resurrected by Réblová (2006) for 

three species formerly in Ceratostomella that 

have a phaeoisaria-like anamorph in culture 

along with other morphological distinctions. The 

genus is separate from Ceratostomella using data 

from SSU and LSU but also lies within the 

Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (2006-10-18) 

4674. Leotiomyceta O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Spatafora et al. (2007) found Leotiomyceta to be 

a strongly supported monophyletic group in a 

five-gene analysis of Pezizomycotina with 

Pezizomycetes and Orbiliomycetes being basal 

to this clade. Consequently, Leotiomyceta will 

be resurrected in the next outline. (2007-06-05) 

4586. Leotiomycetes Eriksson & Winka 

The monophyly of a core group of helotialean 

fungi, including Cyttariales, Erysiphales, 

Helotiales, Rhytismatales, and Myxotrichaceae is 

supported in a phylogenetic study by Wang et al. 

(2006). However, the sole member of 

Lichinomycetes (Peltula umbilicata) included in 

the study was nested within Leotiomycetes, 

which was interpreted as long-branch attraction. 

Geoglossaceae fell outside Leotiomycetes, see 

note under Geoglossaceae (4582). (2006-12-20) 

4675. Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Wang et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of this 

class using nuclear ribosomal sequences. They 

found strong support for the class including the 

orders Cyttariales, Erysiphales, Rhytismatales, a 

paraphyletic Helotiales, and the families 

Myxotrichiaceae and Pseudoeurotiaceae that 

cannot be placed in either of these orders. 

Geoglossaceae was confirmed as being outside 

the class (corroborated by Spatafora et al. 2007). 

(2007-06-05) 

4587. Leptosphaerulina D. McAlpine 

See note under Pleosporaceae (4598). (2006-12- 

20) 

72 

4520. Leptotrema Mont. & Bosch 

The genus is used in a restricted sense by Frisch 

(2006) including only L. wightii; see note under 

Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18) 

4521. Letendraea Sacc. 

Kruys et al. (2006) provided evidence that this 

genus does not belong to Tubeufiaceae, where it 

is currently placed. It will be placed in 

Pleosporales inc. sed. in the next outline. (2006- 

10-18) 

4522. Leucodecton A. Massal. 

This genus was resurrected by Frisch (2006); see 


18) 

4676. Lignoscripta B.D. Ryan 

This new genus is described for a single new 

lichen species collected on wood in southwestern 

North America (Ryan 2004). It is said to differ 

from the similar Xylographa by having whitish 

pruinose apothecial margins, black discs, 

bacilliform conidia and further ascomatal 

characters. The genus is placed in Agyriaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4677. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt 

Kurtzman et al. (2007) used a multigene data set 

to study the phylogeny of Lipomycetaceae. They 

confirmed this family to be monophyletic and 

proposed a revised generic concept: the genera 

Kawasakia and Zygozyma are reduced to 

synonymy with Lipomyces and Babjevia with 

Dipodascopsis. (2007-06-05) 

4425. Lithographa Nyl. 

Coppins & Fryday (2006) described a new 

species from the Subantarctic Campbell Island 

that differs from previously described species in 

having submuriform ascospores. Septate 

ascospores are very rare in Agyriales and were 

previously known only in Anzina. (2006-05-30) 

4523. Lobariella Yoshim.

This genus was described by Yoshimura (2002) 

to accommodate the Lobaria crenulata group. 

Lobaria appeared non-monophyletic in some 

phylogenetic studies (e.g., Thomas et al. 2002, 

Stenroos et al. 2003) hence supporting a generic 

splitting as suggested by Yoshimura. However, 

in multi-gene studies (Wiklund & Wedin 2003, 

Wedin & Wiklund 2004) the genus is supported 

in the traditional circumscription as 

monophyletic. Until further evidence, Lobariella 

will be treated within Lobaria in the outline. 

(2006-10-18) 

4588. Lobothallia (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) 

Hafellner 

See note under Megasporaceae (4591). (2006- 

12-20) 

4524. Loflammiopsis Lücking & Kalb 

This genus was described by Lücking & Kalb 

(2000) for a new foliicolous lichen collected in 

the Amazonian rainforest. It is placed in the 

Pilocarpaceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4678. Lopezaria Kalb & Hafellner 



Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Ramalinaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4679. Lophiostomataceae Sacc. 

The family is polyphyletic and falls into two 

groups in the study by Schoch et al. (2007). 

(2007-06-05) 

4680. Loxosporaceae Kalb & Staiger 

See note 4720 under Sarrameanaceae. (2007-06- 

05) 

4589. Lueckingia Aptroot & Umana 

Lueckingia is described for a single new 

lichenized species from a single locality in a 

lowland forest in Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 

2006). It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on 

ascus-type. It differs from Physcidia Tuck. in 

having polysporous asci and other characters and 

73 

Piccolia A. Massal. by thallus morphology, 

ascus-type and secondary chemistry. The genus 

will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in 

Ramalinaceae, but additional studies – including 

molecular data – appear necessary for a proper 

placement of the genus. (2006-12-20) 

4681. Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & 

Volkm.-Kohlm. 

Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) 

showed that the order does not fit into any of the 

three subclasses of Sordariomycetes. (2007-06- 

05) 

4590. Macroventuria Aa 


20) 

4525. Malcolmiella Vezda 

This genus was described by Vezda (1997) for 

lecideoid taxa with tube-like structures in the 

ascal tholus, paraplectenchymatous exciple and 

halonate ascospores. Several species were added 

by Lücking & Kalb (2000). This tropical genus 

will be accepted in the next outline and 

tentatively placed in Pilocarpaceae; molecular 

data are necessary to confirm this placement that 

is based on similarities in ascus-type. (2006-10- 

18) 

4526. Malvinia Döbbeler 

This monotypic genus was described by 

Döbbeler (2003) for a muscicolous fungus 

occurring in the Falkland Islands. It is placed in 

Ostropales inc. sed. (2006-10-18) 

4682. Massalongiaceae Wedin, P.M. Jørg. & 

E. Wiklund 

This new family is introduced for a 

monophyletic clade including the genera 

Leptochidium, Massalongia and Polychidium 

(Wedin et al. 2007). These genera were 

previously placed inc. sed. in Peltigerinaeae 

(Massalongia) or Placynthiaceae (Leptochidium, 

Polychidium). The new family is 

morphologically characterized by a similar type 

of ascoma development and ascus-type. (2007- 

06-05)

4591. Megasporaceae Lumbsch, Feige & K. 

Schmitz 

Schmitt et al. (2006), using a combined nu LSU 

and mt SSU rDNA data set, confirmed 

placement of the family in Pertusariales and 

showed that the genera Aspicilia and 

Lobothallia, currently placed in Hymeneliaceae, 

also belong to this family. In the next outline 

these two genera will be included in 

Megasporaceae. (2006-12-20) 

4683. Melanosporales nom. nud. 

This order is suggested in Zhang et al. (2007) but 

not validly described. (2007-06-05) 

4527. Melanotrema A. Frisch 

This genus was described by Frisch (Frisch & 

Kalb 2006); see note under Thelotremataceae 

(4561). (2006-10-18) 

4528. Menisporopascus Matsush. 


for a species isolated from decaying litter and 

forming the teleomorph and a Menisporopsis 




4684. Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr. 

This order was paraphyletic in the studies by 

Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) with 

Halosphaeriales nested within. (2007-06-05) 

4685. Microglossum Gillet 

This genus was previously placed in 

Geoglossaceae, but according to Spatafora et al. 

(2007) it should be classified in Leotiaceae. This 

is also corroborated in the study by Wang et al. 

(2007). (2007-06-05) 

4529. Microthia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 

Gryzenhout et al. (2006a) distinguished this 

monotypic genus in Cryphonectriaceae based on 

their phylogenetic analysis and subtle 

74 

morphological differences, such as small and 

superficial ascomata and long paraphyses 

between conidiophores. (2006-10-18) 

4686. Mollicamarops Lar. N. Vassilijeva 

Vassilijeva (2007) described this new genus 

from the Russian Far East. Mollicamarops is 

characterized by effused, colored, soft and thin 

stromata with black stellate ostioles. The stipitate 

asci and ellipsoid brown ascospores are similar 

to those found in some species of Camarops and 

typical for members of the Boliniaceae, where it 

will be included. No molecular data were 

included but these could help to determine if it is 

distinct from Camarops. (2007-06-05) 

4426. Moristroma A.I. Romero & Samuels 

The genus, which is currently placed in 

Teichosporaceae (Pleosporales), has been studied 

by Nordén et al. (2005). Their analysis of the 

ITS and LSU rDNA suggested a placement in 

Chaetothyriomycetidae instead. It differs from 

other Chaetothyriales, however, in lacking 

periphyses and hence will be classified as 

Chaetothyriomycetidae incertae sedis. (2006-05- 

30) 

4592. Muhria P.M. Jørg. 

In a phylogenetic study employing ITS and betatubulin 

sequences of 49 ingroup taxa, Högnabba 

(2006) supported the nesting of Muhria in 

Stereocaulon Hoffm. and formerly synonymized 

Muhria with Sterecaulon, which will be 

followed in the next outline. (2006-12-20) 

4687. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau 

The family belongs to Capnodiales (Schoch et al. 

2007). (2007-06-05) 

4688. Myriangiales Starbäck 

This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by 

Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4689. Myriogonium W.L. White 

Suh et al. (2007) accepted this genus in 

Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data

are currently available and Baral (1999) placed 

the genus into synonymy with Helicogonium. 

Until more data are available, the genus will be 

regarded as a synonym of Helicogonium. (2007- 

06-05) 

4530. Myriotrema Fée 

The circumscription of this genus is changed by 

Frisch (2006); see note under Thelotremataceae 

(4561). (2006-10-18) 

4690. Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst. 

The family is shown to belong to Pleosporales 

(Schoch et al. 2007). (2007-06-05) 

4457. Myxotrichaceae Currah 

In a study on the phylogenetic position of 

Pseudogymnoascus roseus Jian & Yao (2005) 

found Myxotrichaceae to be polyphyletic and 

supported that the family is not related to 


4593. Myxotrichaceae Currah 


20) 

4691. Myxotrichaceae Currah 

Wang et al. (2007) found this family to be 

polyphyletic. (2007-06-05) 

4531. Nakaseomyces Kurtzman 

Nakaseomyces was described by Kurtzman 

(2003); it will be accepted in 


10-18) 

4692. Nakazawaea Y. Yamada, Maeda & 

Mikata 


06-05) 

4594. Namakwa Hale 

75 


12-20) 

4532. Naumovia Kurtzman nom. illeg. 

This genus was described by Kurtzman (2003) 

including two species. Unfortunately, the name 

is a younger homonym of Naumovia Dobrozr. 

(Dothideomycetes). (2006-10-18) 

4533. Neococcomyces Y.R. Lin, C.T. Xiang & 

Z.Z. Li 

Lin et al. (1999) described this new genus that 

belongs to Rhytismataceae. The genus is 

characterized by multi-angular ascomata opening 

by several radial or irregular splits and 

bifusiform, septate ascospores. Gao & Hou 

(2006) recently described an additional species 

in that genus. (2006-10-18) 

4427. Neodasyscypha Suková & Spooner 

For Dasyscyphus Fuckel, nom. illeg. this new 

generic name was proposed by Suková (2005), 

which has been proposed previously (Spooner 

1987) but not validly published. Neodasyscypha 

will be included in the next outline in 

Hyaloscyphaceae. (2006-05-30) 

4428. Neofuscelia Essl. 


but since molecular data have shown it to be part 

of Xanthoparmelia (Blanco et al. 2004), it will 

be treated as a synonym of the latter in the next 

outline. (2006-05-30) 

4458. Neofuscelia Essl. 


Xanthoparmelia in the next outline; see note 

under Xanthoparmelia (4474). (2006-07-17) 

4693. Neolectomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

See note 4733. (2007-06-05) 

4429. Nephromopsis Müll. Arg. 

Thell et al. (2005) studied the phylogeny of 

cetrarioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) with bifusiform

conidia, dorsiventral thalli that contain usnic acid 

using ITS, beta-tubulin, and GAPDH sequences. 

Tuckneraria is polyphyletic and nested within 

Nephromopsis. Consequently, the concept of 

Nephromopsis is enlarged to include 

Tuckneraria and some species previously 

classified in Cetraria sensu lato. The genus has 

its center of distribution in eastern Asia and 

includes 19 species. (2006-05-30) 

4459. Neuropogon Nees & Flotow 



(4473). (2006-07-17) 

4534. Nigromammilla K.D. Hyde & J. Fröhl. 

This genus is described for a new ascomycete (as 

"Nigramammilla") found in Ecuador and Hong 

Kong (Hyde & Fröhlich 2003) that is placed in 

Lasiosphaeriaceae, where it is distinguished by 

mammiform and thin-walled ascomata and asci 

with a distinctive apical ring. It does not 

however match the concept for the group 

outlined by Huhndorf et al (2004) and will be 

moved to the Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (2006- 

10-18) 

4694. Nimisia Kärnefelt & A. Thell 

This monotypic genus is shown to belong to 

Himantormia using molecular and 

morphological data (Thell et al. 2007) and hence 

will be placed in synonymy with the latter genus 

is the forthcoming outline. (2007-06-05) 

4535. Notocladonia S. Hammer 

The genus Ramalea is shown to be polyphyletic 

with Ramalea s.str. being outside Cladoniaceae 

and R. cochleata being transferred to the 

monotypic genus Notocladonia (Hammer 2003). 

It will be accepted in Cladoniaceae in the next 

outline, while Ramalea will be moved to 

Lecanorales inc. sed. (2006-10-18) 

4430. Nyungwea Sérus., Eb. Fischer & 

Killmann 

Sérusiaux et al. (2006) described a new crustose 

lichen collected in east Africa in this new genus. 

It is unusual in producing goniocysts in pale 

76 

stipes. Its taxonomic position is unclear, since it 

is only known in sterile condition and no 

molecular data are presented. Nyungwea will be 

listed as genus of uncertain affinities in the next 

outline. (2006-05-30) 

4536. Ocellularia G. Mey. 



(4561). (2006-10-18) 

4595. Ochrolechiaceae R.C. Harris ex 

Lumbsch & I. Schmitt 

In a combined nu LSU and mt SSU rDNA 

sequence analysis Schmitt et al. (2006) showed 

that Ochrolechia and the “Variolaria” and 

“Varicellaria” groups of Pertusaria do not 

belong to Pertusariaceae and hence the 

previously proposed family Ochrolechiaceae is 

resurrected and validly described. In the next 

outline Ochrolechiaceae will be accepted as a 

family within Pertusariales. (2006-12-20) 

4460. Oevstedalia Ertz & Diederich 

This new genus is described for an Antarctic 

endemic species that is shown to be distinct from 

Trimmatothele, in which it was classified 

previously. The new genus is characterized by 

pale ascomata with a hyphal wall, 

pseudoparaphyses, an I- center, and 

subcylindrical, thin-walled asci, and the 

production of ascoconidia (Ertz & Diederich 

2004). The authors compare the genus to 

Epigloeaceae. It will be listed as genus of 

uncertain affinities in the next outline. (2006-07- 

17) 

4695. Ogataea Y. Yamada, Maeda & Mikata 

This genus was recently accepted by Morais et 

al. (2004) and Peter et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4596. Okeanomyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G. 

Jones 

This genus was described for Halosphaeria 

cucullata, which was shown by Pang et al. 

(2004) not to be congeneric with the type species 

of Halosphaeria. It will be accepted in

Halosphaeriaceae in the next outline. (2006-12- 

20) 

4696. Ophioparmaceae R.W. Rogers & 

Hafellner 




(2007-06-05) 

4537. Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. 

The heterogeneity of the genus has been 

supported in a multi-gene phylogenetic study by 

Zipfel et al. (2006). Two distinct groups are 

segregated at generic level and will be accepted 

in the next outline. Species with Leptographium 

anamorphs are included in the genus 

Grosmannia, while the genus Ceratocystiopsis 

includes cycloheximide-sensitive species with 

short perithecial necks, falcate ascospores and 

Hyalorhinocladiella anamorphs. (2006-10-18) 

4431. Orbicula Cooke 

The placement of this cleistothecial genus in 

Pyrenomataceae is supported by a phylogenetic 

study using nu SSU rDNA sequences (Hansen et 

al. 2005). Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium 

orbiculoides, a second cleistothecial fungus, 

studied by Hansen et al. (2005), were deeply 

nested within Pyrenomataceae. (2006-05-30) 

4697. Otidea (Pers.) Bon. 

The phylogeny of this genus is examined by Liu 

and Zhuang (2006) using nu LSU rDNA 

sequences. The genus is shown to be 

monophyletic including Flavoscypha and 

Otideopsis. (2007-06-05) 

4698. Otideopsis B. Liu & J.Z. Cao 

Liu and Zhuang (2006) reduced this genus into 

synonymy with Otidea (see note 4697). (2007- 

06-05) 

4699. Oxneria S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt 

See note 4735. (2007-06-05) 

77 

4700. Pachyphysis R.C. Harris & Ladd 

This genus is described for a crustose lichen 

found on calcareous rocks in eastern North 

America (Harris & Ladd 2007). It is related to 

Farnoldia and Melanolecia (Buschbom & 

Mueller 2004), but differs from these genera in 

paraphyses and apothecial pigmentation. The 

genus is tentatively placed in Porpidiaceae. This 

family cannot be distinguished from 

Lecideaceae. Additional studies on the generic 

concept in the group are urgently needed. (2007- 

06-05) 

4538. Paragaeumannomyces Matsush. 


for a species with distinctive spherical cells in 

the outer ascomatal wall. The species described 

is the same as Chaetosphaeria raciborskii, so the 

genus is considered a synonym of 

Chaetosphaeria in the Chaetosphaeriaceae. 

(2006-10-18) 

4461. Parasiphula Kantvilas & Grube 

This new genus is described to accommodate the 

Siphula complanata- and S. fragilis-groups 

(Grube & Kantvilas 2006). Using nu LSU and 

ITS rDNA sequences, the new genus is shown to 

belong to Coccotremataceae, while Siphula s.str. 

belongs to Icmadophilaceae. Parasiphula 

consists of species restricted to cool to cold 

latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, which is 

also the center of distribution of Coccotrema. 

The authors show a remarkable case of parallel 

evolution of lineages that have lost sexual stages 

and propagate via thallus fragments in two 

families of Ostropomycetidae. (2006-07-17) 

4539. Paratalaromyces Matsush. 


for a species isolated from soil and forming the 

teleomorph and a Penicillium anamorph in 

culture. It is placed in the Eurotiomycetidae inc. 

sed. until its affinities can be established. (2006- 

10-18) 

4462. Parmelaria D.D. Awasthi 

This genus was nested within Parmotrema A. 

Massal. in a phylogenetic study by Blanco et al. 

(2005). However, independence of the genus

could not be rejected significantly and hence the 

authors did not suggest to reduce the genus under 

synonymy under Parmotrema until additional 

data becomes available. Parmelaria is therefore 

accepted in the outline until more data clarify the 

phylogenetic placement of the genus. (2006-07- 

17) 

4701. Peroneutypa Berl. 

Carmaran et al. (2007) resurrected this genus for 

a monophyletic clade of species characterized by 

a special type of ascus (“type 2 asci”) in 

Diatrypaceae. It will be accepted in the next 

outline. (2007-06-05) 

4597. Pertusariaceae Körb. ex Körb. 

Schmitt et al. (2006) showed that the family in 

the current circumscription is heterogeneous and 

restricted the family to Loxosporopsis Brodo, 

Henssen & Imshaug and Pertusaria DC. s. str., 

which will be followed in the next outline. 

(2006-12-20) 

4432. Peterjamesia D. Hawksw. 

For nomenclatural reasons this new generic 

name is introduced to accommodate two taxa 

previously placed in Sclerophytomyces Cif. & 

Tomas., which is an illegitimate name 

(Hawksworth 2006). (2006-05-30) 

4702. Pezizales C. Bessey 

Hansen and Pfister (2007) presented a treatment 

of this order of operculate discomycetes that 

included a two-gene analysis of nuclear 

ribosomal sequences. Basically their results 

agree with those previously presented (Landvik 

et al. 1997). The order is supported as 

monophyletic with three major clades, each 

including several families. Pyrenomataceae is 

not monophyletic with Ascodesmiaceae and 

Glaziellaceae nested within. However, additional 

data are necessary before nomenclatural 

consequences can be drawn. (2007-06-05) 

4703. Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

In a five-gene analysis including nine classes 

Spatafora et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of 

Pezizomycotina. The subphylum is strongly 

78 

supported as monophyletic with Orbiliomycetes 

being basal (basal position lacks support) and 

Pezizomycetes being sister to Leotiomyceta. 

Within Leotiomycetes the currently accepted 

classes are supported as monophyletic with the 

exception of Leotiomycetes. Geoglossaceae 

cluster with a single Lichinomycete taxon 

included in the study. The tree topology 

resembles that found in a study including clades 

from all fungi by James et al. (2006). (2007-06- 

05) 

4704. Phaffomyces Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. 

Ando & Mikata 


06-05) 

4705. Phlyctidaceae Poelt & Vezda ex J.C. 

David & D. Hawksw. 


family should be placed in Ostropales, which 

agrees with previous molecular studies (e.g., 

Wedin et al. 2005). (2007-06-05) 

4706. Phoebus R.C. Harris & Ladd 

This new genus in Roccellaceae is described for 

a crustose lichen found on calcareous rocks in 

eastern North America (Harris & Ladd 2007) 

and will be accepted in this family in the next 

outline. (2007-06-05) 

4707. Physciaceae Zahlbr. 


this family (including Caliciaceae) should be 

transferred from Lecanorales to Teloschistales. 

(2007-06-05) 

4708. Piceomphale Svrcek 


genus from Helotiales inc. sed. to 

Rutstroemiaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4709. Pichia Hansen 

See note 4710 under Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05)

4710. Pichiaceae Zender 

Suh et al. (2007) accepted this family as separate 

from Saccharomycetaceae. This will be followed 

in the next outline. The following genera will be 

placed in Pichiaceae: Dekkera, Kregervanrija, 

Pichia, and Saturnispora. (2007-06-05) 

4540. Piedraiaceae Viégas ex Cif., Bat. & 

Campos 

This family is shown to belong to Myriangiales 

(Kruys et al. 2006), where it will be placed in the 


4711. Piedraiaceae Viégas ex Cif., Bat. & 

Campos 

Piedraiaceae will be placed in Capnodiales in the 

next outline, as a result of the phylogenetic 

analyses by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4712. Placynthiaceae Å.E. Dahl 



Peltigerineae to Collematineae. (2007-06-05) 

4463. Plectocarpon Fée 

This genus is monographed by Ertz et al. (2005). 

They accept 32 species of lichenicolous species. 

The distinction to similar genera in Arthoniales 

are discussed and a key to the genera of 

Arthoniales including lichenicolous taxa is 

presented. (2006-07-17) 

4598. Pleosporaceae Nitschke 

Kodsueb et al. (2006) examined the phylogenetic 

relationships of the Pleosporaceae using nu LSU 

sequence data. They identified five clades 

containing fungi that are currently classified in 

the family (A1, A2, B, D, G). The relationships 

among these clades have no support and two of 

the clades containing Pleospora, Pyrenophora, 

Cochliobolus and Setosphaeria have little 

support except at the terminal branches. The 

clade containing Leptosphaerulina and 

Macroventuria has strong bootstrap and 

Bayesian support as does the Wettsteinina clade 

that also includes Pleomassaria siparia. Another 

clade with strong support is Kirschsteiniothelia 

79 

elaterascus with Massarina ramunculicola. The 

polyphyletic nature of Kirschsteiniothelia and its 

removal from the Pleosporaceae based on the 

type species, K. aethiops, has already been 

discussed elsewhere (see Note 4397). 

Wettsteinina is separate from the clades 

containing Pleospora species and should 

probably be removed from the Pleosporaceae. It 

will be listed among Dothideomycetes inc. sed. 

until more sequence data are available. The 

family placement for Leptosphaerulina and 

Macroventuria is also unclear. They appear 

separate from the other Pleosporaceae but the 

backbone support of the phylogenetic tree is 

poor. They will be listed among 

Dothideomycetes inc. sed. until more sequence 

data are available. (2006-12-20) 

4713. Pleosporomycetidae Schoch, Spatafora, 

Crous & Shoemaker 

This new subclass is described to accommodate 

pseudoparaphysate taxa mainly represented by 

the Pleosporales in Schoch et al. (2007). (2007- 

06-05) 

4714. Pneumocystidomycetes O.E. Erikss. & 

Winka 

See note 4733. (2007-06-05) 

4433. Podospora Ces. 

See note under Schizothecium. (2006-05-30) 

4541. Podostroma P. Karst. 

Chamberlain et al. (2004) include Podostroma in 

Hypocrea based on similarities of microscopic 

and anamorphic characters. The genus will be 

included in Hypocrea in the next outline. (2006- 

10-18) 

4542. Polysporella Woron. 

Woronichin (1916) described this genus with the 

type species P. woronowii Woron. 

(Mycosphaerellaceae) – O. Eriksson (in. litt.). 

(2006-10-18) 

4543. Polysporinopsis Vezda

This genus is shown to be polyphyletic by Crewe 

et al. (2006) and the type (P. sinopica) is shown 

to belong to Acarospora s.str. Consequently, the 

genus will be treated as a synonym of 

Acarospora in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4464. Porina Müll. Arg. 


4465. Porinaceae Reichenb. 

The phylogeny within this family is inferred by 

Baloch and Grube (2006) using mt SSU rDNA 

sequences. Previously different generic concepts 

were applied in this family resulting in deviating 

classifications (Hafellner & Kalb 1995, Harris 

1995, McCarthy 2003). The inferred phylogeny 

does not support any of these concepts: 

Clathroporina Müll. Arg. and Segestria Fr., 

accepted by Harris (1995), are polyphyletic; 

Hafellner and Kalb (1995) accepted 

Pseudosagedia (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy, which is 

polyphyletic; Trichothelium Müll. Arg. is 

polyphyletic in the circumscription of Harris 

(1995) and nested within Porina in the 

circumscription of McCarthy (2003). The 

authors do not suggest any formal consequences, 

but distinguish four main clades within the 

family that are mostly characterized by a 

combination of characters, although none of 

these characters uniquely characterizes a group. 

(2006-07-17) 

4599. Porinella R. Sant. 

This new name was described in Vezda (2004b) 

for Porinula Vezda, which is a younger 

homonym of Porinula (Nyl. ex Hue) Flagey. 

However, Porinula Vezda was included in 

Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia by Serusiaux and 

Lücking (2003), which is followed here. In the 

next outline Porinella and Porinula Vezda will 

be treated as synonyms of Caprettia, which is 

placed in Monoblastiaceae following Serusiaux 

and Lücking (2003). (2006-12-20) 

4600. Porinula Vezda 

See note under Porinella (4599). (2006-12-20) 

4715. Porpidiaceae Hertel & Hafellner 

80 




Further, they confirmed previous results of 

Buschbom & Mueller (2004) that this family 

cannot be distinguished from Lecideaceae. 

Consequently, it will be placed into synonymy 

with Lecideaceae in the next outline. (2007-06- 

05) 

4544. Potridiscus Döbbeler & Triebel 

This muscicolous genus was described by 

Döbbeler & Triebel (2000) and is placed in 

Helotiales inc. sed. in the next outline. (2006-10- 

18) 

4434. Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy 

This genus is currently accepted in the outline. It 

is a name available for the Lecanora muralis 

group in the heterogeneous genus Lecanora. 

However, since currently we lack sufficient data, 

the genus will be listed as a synonym of 

Lecanora until further data become available. 

(2006-05-30) 

4435. Protothelenellaceae Vezda, H. 

Mayrhofer & Poelt 


Schmitt et al. (2005) demonstrated it belongs to 

Ostropomycetidae. Its exact placement is 

uncertain and it will be placed in 

Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis in the next 

outline. (2006-05-30) 

4545. Pseudocalopadia Lücking 

This genus was described to accommodate a 

foliicolous lichen that is morphologically 

somewhat intermediate between Barubia and 

Calopadia (Lücking 1999). It will be accepted in 

Pilocarpaceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18) 

4546. Pseudogymnoascus Raillo 

Rice & Currah (2006) confirmed that this genus 

is distinct from Gymnostellatospora using ITS 

sequence data. Pseudogymnoascus includes 

species with smooth to verrucose or lobatereticulate 

ascospores. (2006-10-18)

4601. Pseudolignincola Chatmala & E.B.G. 

Jones 

This genus is described for a new species 

isolated from plant substratum in Thai 

mangroves. It is characterized by having clavate 

asci with truncate, thickened apices, a pore and 

plasmalemma retraction and cylindrical 

ascospores without appendages. The genus is 

morphologically similar to Lignincola but differs 

in the size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, and 

septation of the latter. In a phylogenetic analysis 

of partial nu SSU rDNA sequences, the two 

genera were not closely related. 

Pseudolignincola will be accepted in 


20) 

4466. Pseudosagedia (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy 


4547. Pulveria Malloch & C.T. Rogerson 

Stadler et al. (2005) treated Pulveria as a 

synonym of Pyrenomyxa Morgan (Xylariaceae, 

Xylariales). – O. Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18) 

4548. Pyrenomyxa Morgan 

Stadler et al. (2005) accepted and emended the 

genus Pyrenomyxa (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) – 

O. Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18) 

4549. Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. 

Erikss. 

See note under Trypetheliaceae (4563). (2006- 

10-18) 

4550. Ramalea Nyl. 

See note under Notocladonia (4535). (2006-10- 

18) 

4551. Redingeria A. Frisch 

This genus was described by Frisch (Frisch & 

Kalb 2006); see note under Thelotremataceae 

(4561). (2006-10-18) 

81 

4436. Regiocrella Chaverri & K.T. Hodge 

This genus is described with two newly 

described species collected in Cameroon and 

China, which are parasites on scale insects 

(Chaverri et al. 2006). The new genus is 

classified in Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales). 

Morphological and molecular evidence are 

presented that show the relationships of the new 

genus and its distinctiveness. Morphologically 

the genus is characterized by perithecia partly 

immersed in a subiculum, noncapitate asci, 

unicellular fusiform ascospores and pycnidialacervular 

conidiomata. (2006-05-30) 

4716. Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner 




(2007-06-05) 

4602. Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter 


20) 

4552. Rostraureum Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. 





4717. Rusavskia S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt 

See note 4735. (2007-06-05) 

4553. Sablicola E.B.G. Jones, K.L. Pang & 

Vrijmoed 

Sablicola (as "Sablecola") was described as a 

new genus in Pang et al. (2004) to accommodate 

marine fungus with ascospores having two polar 

and four equatorial, flattened, attenuate, straplike 

appendages with parallel striations, which 

disintegrate in seawater. The genus is placed in 

Halosphaeriaceae and will be accepted in the 


4603. Saccharata Denman & Crous

This genus in Botryosphaeriaceae was described 

for an ascomycete occurring on Proteaceae 

(Crous et al. 2004). The genus differs from 

Botryosphaeria s.str. by having unilocular 

ascomata that develop under a clypeus. It formed 

an isolated clade in a phylogenetic analysis of 

the family (Crous et al. 2006). (2006-12-20) 

4718. Saccharomycetes Kudrjanzev 

Suh et al. (2007) provided an overview of the 

classification of the class and presented a new 

phylogenetic analysis. Numerous changes are 

proposed, these are listed under the family and 

generic names, when based on recent 

publications. Further they suggested accepting 

the following previously described genera that 

were not accepted in Myconet: Kodamaea, 

Nakazawaea, Phaffomyces, Starmera, 

Starmerella, and Yamadazyma. These genera 

will be accepted in the next outline in 

Saccharomycetales inc. sed. (2007-06-05) 

4604. Santessonia Hale & Vobis 

The circumscription of this genus is modified by 

Follmann (2006) to include Pacific-Andean 

species previously classified in Roccella DC. 

(Arthoniaceae). The morphological similarities 

of these unrelated genera is interpreted as 

adaptation to similar ecological niches that are 

occupied by these lichens. (2006-12-20) 

4605. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai 

In a molecular phylogeny by Wang et al. (2006) 

this genus clustered with Geoglossaceae with 

strong support and hence the genus will be 

transferred from Helotiaceae to Geoglossaceae in 

the next outline. (2006-12-20) 

4719. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai 

Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this 

genus from Helotiaceae to Rutstroemiaceae. 

(2007-06-05) 

4720. Sarrameanaceae Hafellner 

The relationships of Loxospora and Sarrameana 

were discussed by Kantvilas (2000) who noted 

that they are very closely related. Hence 

Loxosporaceae was placed into synonymy with 

82 

Sarrameanaceae (Kantvilas 2000, 2004). This 

will be accepted in the forthcoming outline. The 

family will be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. 

sed. following the results of the study by 

Miadlikowska et al. (2007). (2007-06-05) 

4721. Saturnispora Liu & Kurtzman 

See note 4710 under Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4437. Schaereria Th. Fr. 

Schaereria is currently placed in Agyriaceae, but 

recent molecular studies suggest that it does not 

belong here (e.g., Lumbsch et al. 2004, Wedin et 

al. 2005). Its phylogenetic relationships are 

uncertain, but since it is not closely related to 

Agyriaceae it will be treated as a separate family 

Schaereriaceae Hafellner in the next outline. 

(2006-05-30) 

4722. Schizosaccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & 

Winka 

See note 4733. (2007-06-05) 

4438. Schizothecium Corda 

Cai et al. (2005a) in a phylogenetic study using 

partial LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, found 

that Schizothecium formed a distinct wellsupported 

clade while Podospora is 

polyphyletic. Schizothecium is also distinguished 

by the morphological character of swollen 

agglutinated hairs on the ascomata but ascal and 

ascospore morphological characters overlap with 

the genus Podospora. Ascospore shape is 

thought to be phylogenetically informative at the 

species level, however gelatinous ascospore 

appendages appear to be less informative. (2006- 

05-30) 

4439. Sclerophyton Eschw. 

The genus is revised and enlarged to include 

species with hyaline, macrocephalic ascospores, 

thick septa, clavate-cylindrical asci and ascomata 

in pseudostromata (Sparrius 2004). (2006-05-30) 

4440. Sclerophytomyces Cif. & Tomas.

Taxa with wide paraphysoids and pigmented 

ascospores are segregated from Sclerophyton by 

Sparrius (2004) in the genus Sclerophytomyces 

(as “Scleorphytonomyces”). This generic name, 

however, is illegitimate; see note under 

Peterjamesia. (2006-05-30) 

4723. Scoliciosporum A. Massal. 

In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this 

genus, as in numerous previous studies did not 

cluster with other Lecanoraceae. Hence the 

family Scoliciosporaceae will be resurrected in 

the next outline and accepted in Lecanorales. 

(2007-06-05) 

4467. Segestria Fr. 


4606. Septotrapelia Aptroot & Chaves 

Septotrapelia is described for two species 

(Aptroot et al. 2006) and is placed in 

Pilocarpaceae based on the ascus-type. Within 

the family the genus is unique by having a 

squamulose thallus and 3-septate ascospores. 

The genus will be accepted in the forthcoming 

outline in Pilocarpaceae, additional studies are 

necessary to show which genus is the closest 

relative. (2006-12-20) 

4607. Servitia M.S. Christ. & Alstrup 

This genus was described for a peltate Arctic 

lichen that is morphologically similar to 

Placopyrenium Breuss (Alstrup & Hansen 2001). 

It is placed in Verrucariaceae. (2006-12-20) 

4554. Shiraia P. Henn. 

This genus is currently placed with uncertain 

affinities in 

Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes and was 

shown to belong to Pleosporales by Kruys et al. 

(2006). (2006-10-18) 

4468. Siphula Fr. 

This genus is shown to be polyphyletic and the 

Siphula complanata- and S. fragilis-groups were 

segregated as a new genus Parasiphula (Grube 

83 

& Kantvilas 2006); see note under Parasiphula. 

The placement of Siphula s.str. in 

Icmadophilaceae is supported. (2006-07-17) 

4724. Sivanesaniella Gawande & Agarwal 

This new genus in Venturiaceae is described by 

Gawande and Agarwal (2004) for a 

phytopathogenic fungus collected in India. The 

genus is similar to Apiosporina and Venturia, but 

differs in having hyaline, naviculate ascospores. 

(2007-06-05) 

4469. Sordariaceae G. Winter 

Cai et al. (2006) in a phylogenetic study using 

partial LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, found 

that Apodus and Diplogelasinospora segregated 

outside the well-supported Sordariaceae clade 

and among taxa currently placed in the 

Lasiosphaeriaceae. The two Apodus species did 

not group together and the type species of 

Diplogelasinospora was not included. Species in 

both genera are reported to have the presence of 

a spore septum and a hyaline or pale basal cell, 

both of which are more characteristic of taxa in 

the Lasiosphaeriaceae. Both genera will be 

included in that family in the next outline. (2006- 

07-17) 

4725. Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

Zhang et al. (2007) discussed the evolution of 

this class of fungi and presented a new 

phylogenetic analysis based on four different 

nuclear loci. The class is strongly supported as 

monophyletic with three monophyletic 

subclasses: Hypocreomycetidae, 

Sordariomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae, and 

Lulworthiales that cannot be placed in either of 

the sublclasses. In a parallel study employing a 

somewhat different taxon and gene sampling, 

Tang et al. (2007) came to very similar results. 

(2007-06-05) 

4608. Spathaspora Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. 

Blackw. 

This new genus was described by Nguyen et al. 

(2006) for a yeast isolated from a wood-boring 

beetle. (2006-12-20)

4555. Sporormiaceae Munk 

Monophyly of this family (including 

Eremodothis) is strongly supported by Kruys et 

al. (2006). (2006-10-18) 

4726. Squamarina Poelt 


genus should be transferred from Ramalinaceae 

to Stereocaulaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4727. Starmera Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando 

& Mikata 


06-05) 

4728. Starmerella Rosa & Lachance 


06-05) 

4556. Stegobolus Mont. 

This genus was resurrected by Frisch & Kalb 

(2006); see note under Thelotremataceae (4561). 

(2006-10-18) 

4729. Stephanoascus M.T. Sm., Van der Walt 

& Johannsen 

The genus was shown to be polyphyletic by 

Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) with the type 

species clustering in Trichomonascus. 

Consequently, Stephanoascus is placed into 

synonymy with that genus. (2007-06-05) 

4557. Stephanonectria Schroers & Samuels 

This monotypic genus is segregated from 

Nectriella (Schroers et al. 1999) and will be 

listed in Bionectriaceae in the next outline. 

(2006-10-18) 

4441. Stereocaulaceae Chevall. 

The phylogeny of this family was studied by 

Myllys et al. (2005) using beta-tubulin, GAPDH 

and SSU rDNA sequences. The placement of 

Lepraria in Stereocaulaceae was confirmed and 

Muhria was nested within Stereocaulon. This 

84 

agrees with the analysis of Ekman & Tønsberg 

(2002). Myllys et al. (2005) discussed 

morphological characters that support a 

placement of Muhria in Stereocaulon including 

similar ascoma development, crustose growth 

form, and the secondary metabolites to some 

Stereocaulon spp. Cephalodia, which are 

characteristic for fruticose Stereocaulon spp., are 

not formed by the crustose taxa, nor in Muhria. 

Hence, Muhria will be treated as a synonym of 

Stereocaulon in the next outline. The 

combination of the single species of Muhria into 

Stereocaulon will be made by Filip Högnabba 

elsewhere (Högnabba, pers. comm.). (2006-05- 

30) 

4442. Stirtoniella D.J. Galloway, Hafellner & 

Elix 

This new genus in Ramalinaceae is described for 

a species previously included in Catillaria. The 

authors provide tabular comparisons with many 

similar genera (Galloway et al. 2005). (2006-05- 

30) 

4730. Strangospora Körb. 



Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanorales inc. 

sed. (2007-06-05) 

4731. Sugiyamaella Kurtzman & Robnett 

The genus was described by Kurtzman & 

Robnett (2007) for a monophyletic clade of 

yeasts that are sister to the genus 

Wickerhamiella. It will be accepted in the next 

outline in Trichomonascaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4609. Sungaiicola Fryar & K.D. Hyde 

Fryar and Hyde (2004) described this monotypic 

genus for an ascomycete from submerged wood. 

Morphological characters are inconclusive and 

until molecular data become available this genus 

will be treated in Sordariomycetes inc. sed. 

(2006-12-20) 

4732. Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm. 


06-05)

4443. Tainosphaeria F.A. Fernández & 

Huhndorf 

Fernández & Huhndorf (2005) described this 

genus for one species that differs from 

morphologically similar species in 

Chaetosphaeria and Zignoella. Tainosphaeria is 

characterized by perithecial ascomata with a 

thickened wall and a anamorph with setulose 

conidia. It is classified in the Chaetosphaericeae. 

(2006-05-30) 

4558. Tapellariopsis Lücking 

This genus includes a foliicolous lichen that is 

morphologically intermediate between 

Tapellaria and Calopadia (Lücking 1999). It 

will be accepted in Pilocarpaceae in the next 

outline. (2006-10-18) 

4733. Taphrinomycotina O.E. Erikss. & 

Winka 

Sugiyama et al. (2007) discussed the 

relationships of this subphylum and presented a 

new phylogenetic analysis using nuclear rDNA, 

beta-tubulin and RPB2 sequence data including 

eleven ingroup taxa. Taphrinomycetes is sister to 

a clade including Neolectomycetes, 

Pneumocystidomycetes and 

Schizosaccharomycetes. However, this 

relationship lacks support. In a five-gene 

analysis of Spatafora et al. (2007) 

Taphrinomycetes is sister to a clade including 

Pneumocystidomycetes and 

Schizosaccharomycetes, which is sister to 

Neolectomycetes. In a six-gene study by James 

et al. (2006), the subphylum is strongly 

supported as monophyletic. Consequently, 

Taphrinomycotina will be again accepted in the 

outline, including four classes. (2007-06-05) 

4734. Taphrinomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka 

The class is monophyletic with a strongly 

supported Taphrinales (including Taphrina and 

Protomyces), while the basal position of 

Saitoella lacks support. Consequently, the latter 

genus will remain as Taphrinomycetes inc. sed. 

in the next outline (see also note 4733). (2007- 

06-05) 

85 

4735. Teloschistaceae Zahlbr. 

Kondratyuk and Kärnefelt (2003) described three 

new genera: Oxneria, Rusavskia, and 

Xanthoanaptychia in this family. The 

differentiating characters of these newly 

described genera include mainly thallus 

characters. For the time being we suggest not to 

accept these new genera since phylogenetic 

relationships within the family need further 

resolution before new genera can be 

circumscribed. Further, there are nomenclatural 

problems with the generic name Oxneria as 

discussed by Lindblom (2006) and the 

distinction from Xanthomendoza is unclear. The 

circumscription of Rusavskia is uncertain and 

Xanthoanaptychia is a superfluous name for 

Seirophora (Søchting, pers. comm.). (2007-06- 

05) 

4736. Tephromela M. Choisy 



Ramalinaceae to Mycoblastaceae. (2007-06-05) 

4559. Testudinaceae Arx 

This family will be moved from Ascomycota inc. 

sed. to Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes in the 

next outline based on the studies by Kruys et al. 

(2006). (2006-10-18) 

4737. Testudinaceae Arx 

In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family 

was shown to belong to Pleosporales. (2007-06- 

05) 

4444. Tetramelas Norman 

Nordin & Tibell (2005) presented a phylogenetic 

study, showing that the genus forms a 

monophyletic group close or including Buellia 

elegans and B. zoharyi. Buellia s.str. was sistergroup 

to the latter two species and Tetramelas. 

The authors interpreted their results as support 

for a distinction of Tetramelas from Buellia. 

However, it should be noted that Buellia 

including Tetramelas would be monophyletic in 

their analyses as well. A wider taxon sampling 

will be necessary to address the issue of generic 

boundaries in Buellia s.lat. (2006-05-30)

4610. Thalespora Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones 

This new monotypic genus includes a fungus 

that occurs on plant substratum in Thai 

mangroves. It has deliquescing asci and 

elongate-cylindrical ascospores with an 

appendage. The genus will be accepted in 


20) 

4445. Thelenellaceae H. Mayrhofer 


recent molecular studies (Schmitt et al. 2005) 

showed it belongs to Ostropomycetidae. Its exact 

placement is uncertain and it will be placed in 

Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis in the next 

outline. (2006-05-30) 

4560. Thelotrema Ach. 



(4561). (2006-10-18) 

4561. Thelotremataceae (Nyl.) Stizenb. 

In a series of three papers (Frisch 2006, Frisch & 

Kalb 2006, Frisch et al. 2006), the generic 

concept in this family has been revised. Five new 

genera are described and three old names 

resurrected. Historically the bulk of tropical 

species with trentepohlioid photobiont were 

placed in four schematic genera based on 

ascospore septation and pigmentation. This 

coarse classification was revised by Hale (1980) 

who distinguished three main genera based on 

the exciple-type (presence and absence of lateral 

paraphyses, presence of a columella, 

carbonization of the exciple). In their new 

classification Frisch (2006) and Frisch and Kalb 

(2006) distinguish 16 genera. In addition to the 

characters used by Hale (1980) they employ a 

wide array of characters in their classification, 

including ascoma morphology, ascus 

morphology, paraphyses agglutination, 

epihymenium-type, ascospore pigmentation, 

septation and wall thickness, conidia 

morphology, presence of vegetative propagules, 

thallus anatomy, secondary chemistry, and 

substrate ecology. Frisch et al. (2006) provide a 

molecular analysis using mt SSU rDNA 

sequence data to test the new classification. The 

86 

taxon sampling and the lack of support for most 

of the backbone in the phylogeny does not allow 

many conclusions, but some results of the 

molecular analysis contradict the proposed 

classification; however, consequences are not 

drawn by the authors. These include that the 

resurrected genus Stegobolus is shown to be 

polyphyletic and that by the acceptance of 

Ampliotrema the genus Ocellularia s.str. 

becomes paraphyletic. A number of species 

remain formally unclassified. Despite the 

provisional nature of the new classification, it 

certainly represents a huge step forward towards 

a more natural generic classification within the 

family and hence all genera suggested in Frisch 

(2006) and Frisch & Kalb (2006) will be 

accepted in the next outline with the exception of 

Ampliotrema, which is clearly shown to be 

nested within a monophyletic Ocellularia. 

Consequently, Ampliotrema is regarded a 

synonym of Ocellularia. (2006-10-18) 

4446. Togninia Berl. 

The genus and its anamorph Phaeoacremonium 

is monographed by Mostert et al. (2006). 

Phylogenies of the SSU and LSU rDNA 

supported a placement of Togninia in 

Diaporthales. (2006-05-30) 

4738. Torpedospora Meyers 


06-05) 

4447. Trematosphaeria Fuckel 

The generic concepts in this group of fungi are 

discussed by Tanaka et al. (2005), who point out 

that the genus appears morphologically 

heterogeneous. (2006-05-30) 

4611. Tribulatia J.E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & 

E.B.G. Jones 

This new monotypic genus was described for a 

tropical ascomycete growing on ferns (Taylor & 

Hyde 2003). It will be accepted in 

Phyllachoraceae in the next outline. (2006-12- 

20) 

4562. Trichomonascus H.S. Jackson

Kurtzman (2004) confirmed using LSU rDNA 

sequences that the genus belongs to 

Endomycetaceae where it was previously placed 

with a question mark. (2006-10-18) 

4739. Trichomonascus H.S. Jackson 

See note 4740 under Trichomonascaceae. (2007- 

06-05) 

4740. Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & 

Robnett 

This new family is described (Kurtzman & 

Robnett 2007) to accommodate the genera 

Sugiyamaella, Trichomonascus, Wickerhamiella, 

and Zygoascus. (2007-06-05) 

4470. Trichothelium Müll. Arg. 


4471. Trimmatothele Zahlbr. 

The genus is shown to differ from Verrucaria 

only by multispored asci (Ertz & Diederich 

2004). Hence the genus is reduced to synonymy 

with Verrucaria. For the deviating T. antarctica 

a new genus Oevstedalia is described (see note 

above). (2006-07-17) 

4563. Trypetheliaceae Zenker 

Del Prado et al. (2006) studied the phylogenetic 

position of this family using nu LSU and mt SSU 

rDNA sequence data. They showed that the 

family does not belong to Pyrenulales as 

previously thought, but is a further lichenized 

member of Dothideomycetes in addition to 

Arthopyreniaceae. Monophyly of lichenized 

Dothideomycetes was significantly rejected, 

suggesting independent origin or loss of this 

nutritional mode within the class. The order will 

be placed in Dothideomycetes inc. sed. in the 


4448. Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr 

In a phylogenetic study using SSU and LSU 

rDNA (Tsui & Berbee 2006), the Tubeufiaceae 

s. str. formed a strongly supported monophyletic 

group including five species of Tubeufia and 

87 

most species of the asexual genera Helicoma, 

Helicomyces, and Helicosporium. The asexual 

genera were not monophyletic and traditional 

morphological characters were more useful for 

species delimitation than for higher level 

relationships. Tubeufia pezizula unexpectedly 

clustered with Capronia in the Chaetothyriales 

and misidentification or contamination of the 

culture were speculated. Helicodendron and 

Helicoon were polyphyletic with representatives 

occurring in different ascomycete orders. Other 

members traditionally placed in the Tubeufiaceae 

clustered in Pleosporales (Acanthostigmella 

brevispina and Letandraea helminthicola) or in 

Dothideomycetes (Tyrannosorus pinicola). 

(2006-05-30) 


In a study using LSU rDNA, Kodsueb et al. 

(2006) found a strongly supported monophyletic 

clade that corresponds to the family 

Tubeufiaceae and contains a number of species 

of Tubeufia and Helicomyces. Three other 

members traditionally placed in the family 

clustered elsewhere. Acanthostigma perpusillum 

(syn: Tubeufia clintonii) clustered with Capronia 

(Chaetothyriales). (Interestingly, in another study 

(Tsui & Berbee 2006; see Note 4448) Tubeufia 

pezizula found its placement in that group as 

well.) Boerlagiomyces based on B. websteri (not 

the type species) groups with Rhytismatales. The 

type species B. velutinus is rather different 

morphologically than this species and should be 

used to determine the placement of the genus. 

Thaxteriella was represented by T. helicoma and 

T. amazonensis, both of which grouped with 

Tubeufia species in the Tubeufiaceae clade in 

this study. If the type species, Thaxteriella 

corticola is a lost species identical to T. pezizula 

as was stated by Petrak (1953; reported in Crane 

et al. 1998) then Thaxteriella belongs in the 

Chaetothyriales assuming the species used by 

Tsui & Berbee (2006) is correctly identified. 

Other putative members of the Tubeufiaceae 

were not included. (2006-07-17) 


In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family 

had an uncertain position in Dothideomycetes. 

(2007-06-05)

4742. Tuckermannopsis Gyeln. 

Teuvo Ahti (Helsinki, in litt.): Since Linnaeus 

the scientific names commemorating persons 

with the surname ending –man are frequently 

latinized with –nn-, e.g., Tuckermannia, 

Tuckermannopsis, Sparrmannia, Burmannia. 

The are not to be treated as spelling errors 

correctable under the International Code of 

Botanical Nomenclature Art. 60.7. Ex. 15. Thus 

the name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis 

Gyeln. is to be retained and should not be 

changed to Tuckermanopsis, as suggested by 

some recent authors. However, the latter spelling 

would be acceptable if it were proposed by the 

author Gyelnik. Similarly, Triophthalmidium 

sect. Tuckermania is correct. The spelling of the 

name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis 

Gyeln. (Gyelnik 1933: 6) was corrected by 

Santesson et al. (2004: 337) to read 

“Tuckermanopsis”, and many authors have 

followed their action. An obvious reason for the 

change was that the name was supposedly (not 

stated in the protologue!) intended to honor the 

well-known American lichenologist and botanist 

Edward Tuckerman (1817-1886), who always 

spelled his named Tuckerman, not Tuckermann. 

However, I think that the spelling 

Tuckermannopsis must be retained, because the 

change is not allowed by the Art. 60.7 of the 

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature 

(McNeill et al. 2006: 60). The use of -nn- is to be 

regarded as an intentional latinization, because 

many authors, including Linnaeus, have used 

double n in a similar way when coining new 

generic or other epithets from other persons’ 

names. A search from the ING (Index Nominum 

Genericorum; Farr et al. 1979) brought many 

such cases, e.g., Burmannia(ceae) (from 

Burman), Sparrmannia (from Sparrman), and 

Chapmannia (from Chapman). They also include 

two vascular plant genera, Tuckermannia and 

Tuckermania, which are both acceptable 

spellings, but are to be treated as homonyms, 

however (correctly treated in ING). It is probably 

due to the easier pronunciation (in some 

languages) that the extra n was added by some 

authors into the latinized forms. As to other 

lichen names, Gyelnik (1933: 6) also published 

Tuckermannopsis sect. Eutuckermannopsis 

Gyeln. (nom. inval. and illeg.) and sect. 

Pseudotuckermannopsis Gyeln., and further 

(Gyelnik 1933: 8) Triophthalmidium sect. 

Tuckermannia Gyeln. In these cases the spellings 

with double n’s are to be maintained as well. 

(2007-06-05) 

88 

4449. Tuckneraria Randlane & A. Thell 

This genus is reduced to synonymy with 

Nephromopsis by Thell et al. (2005), see note 

under Nephromopsis. (2006-05-30) 

4612. Uluguria Vezda 

This new monotypic genus was introduced by 

Vezda (2004) for a foliicolous lichen formerly 

placed in Bacidia. However, according to 

Lücking (in press) the species belongs to 

Szczawinskia A. Funk and consequently, the 

genus is regarded as a synonym of Szczawinskia 

A. Funk in the next outline. (2006-12-20) 

4473. Usnea Dill. ex Adans 

Articus (2004) studied the phylogeny of usneoid 

genera and suggested to accept Neuropogon as 

an independent genus and to raise the subgenera 

in Usnea, Eumitria and Dolichousnea, to generic 

level. She further suggested that Usnea s.str. was 

heterogeneous, since Neuropogon was nested 

within a paraphyletic Usnea s.str. Wirtz et al. 

(2006) included additional taxa of Neuropogon 

in their analyses and found Neuropogon to be 

polyphyletic with a core group that was the 

sister-group to section Usnea, while other 

Neuropogon species were basal to the section 

Usnea clade or had unresolved relationships 

within subgenus Usnea. Monophyly of 

Neuropogon was significantly rejected and hence 

Neuropogon reduced to synonymy with Usnea. 

The authors further suggested to continue the 

traditional generic concept in Usnea, i.e. 

accepting Eumitria and Dolichousnea as 

subgenera within Usnea as proposed by Ohmura 

(2002). Consequently, the genera Dolichousnea, 

Eumitria and Neuropogon will be included 

within Usnea in the next outline. (2006-07-17) 

4564. Vanderwaltozyma Kurtzman 

Two species are classified in this genus by 

Kurtzman (2003), which will be accepted in 


10-18) 

4743. Vittatispora P. Chaudhary, J. Campb., 

D. Hawksw. & K.N. Sastry

Morphological and molecular data are presented 

by Chaudhary et al. (2007) to show that a fungus 

isolated from soil in India represents a new 

genus in Ceratostomataceae. Its morphology is 

somewhat intermediate between Melanospora 

and Sphaerodes. In the molecular phylogeny 

Vittatispora is basal to these two genera. (2007- 

06-05) 

4613. Wettsteinina Höhn. 


20) 

4744. Wickerhamiella Soneda 


06-05) 

4745. Xanthoanaptychia S. Kondratyuk & 

Kärnefelt 

See note 4735. (2007-06-05) 

4614. Xanthomaculina Hale 


12-20) 

4474. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale 

Blanco et al. (2004) studied the phylogeny of 

parmelioid lichens containing Xanthoparmeliatype 

lichenan as cell wall polysaccharide to 

provide a basis for a revised generic concept in 

this group. Nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA and 

mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences were used 

infer phylogenies. Segregate genera suggested 

earlier did not form monophyletic groups. 

Neofuscelia was polyphyletic and nested within 

Xanthoparmelia and hence reduced to synonymy 

with the latter. Karoowia is polyphyletic, but 

since the type species was not included ad 

interim accepted as a separate genus. The 

synonymy of Chondropsis and Paraparmelia 

under Xanthoparmelia was already proposed 

earlier. (2006-07-17) 

4615. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale 

Thell et al. (2006) used ITS sequences to study 

the phylogeny of Xanthoparmelia and related 

89 

genera. The segregate genera Almbornia Essl., 

Namakwa Hale, and Xanthomaculina Hale 

nested within Xanthoparmelia. Hence these three 

genera were reduced to synonymy with 

Xanthoparmelia, which will be followed in the 


4746. Xyleborus R.C. Harris & Ladd 

This is another crustose genus in the family 

Stereocaulaceae (Harris & Ladd 2007). It occurs 

on weathered lignum in eastern North America. 

It is similar to Hertelidea, but differs in exciple 

structure. (2007-06-05) 

4565. Xylomelasma Réblová 

This genus is described by Réblová (2006) for 

two species morphologically distinct from 

Ceratostomella. In analyses using data from SSU 

and LSU the genus is separate from 

Ceratostomella but also lies within the 

Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (2006-10-18) 

4747. Xylotumulus J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & 

Hemmes 

Rogers et al. (2006) described this new genus in 

Xylariaceae for a single species occurring on 

wood in Hawaii. It differs from the similar 

Amphirosellinia in having a non-amyloid ring in 

the ascus apex, a variable number of ascospores 

per ascus and sporodichial conidiomata. (2007- 

06-05) 

4748. Yamadazyma Billon-Grand 


06-05) 

4566. Zopfiaceae G. Arnaud ex D. Hawksw. 

This family is currently placed in 

Dotideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes inc. sed., 

but Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated it belongs 

to Pleosporales, where it will be listed in the next 

outline. (2006-10-18) 

4475. Zopfiella G. Winter 

Cai et al. (2006b) in a phylogenetic study using 

partial LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, found

that Zopfiella is polyphyletic. The type species 

formed a well-supported group with a species 

each of Podospora and Cercophora. The group 

shared the characteristic of ascospores with a 

septum in the dark cell and suggested that 

Zopfiella be restricted to species having that 

character. However, Cai et al. (2006b) did not 

mention that the same character shows up in 

some distantly related taxa included in their 

analyses. The type species of Zopfiella did not 

group with the representatives of the 

Chaetomiaceae so the genus returns to the 

Lasiosphaeriaceae. (2006-07-17) 

4749. Zygoascus M. Th. Smith 


06-05) 

4567. Zygotorulaspora Kurtzman 

A well supported clade including two species is 

accepted at generic level by Kurtzman (2003), 

which will be accepted in Saccharomycetaceae 


4750. Zygozyma Van der Walt & Arx 

See note 4677. (2007-06-05) 

Alstrup, V. & Hansen, E.S. 2001. New lichens 

and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland. – 

Graphis Scripta 12: 41-50. 

Aptroot, A. 2004. Two new ascomycetes with 

long gelatinous appendages collected from 

monocots in the tropics. – Stud. Mycol. 50: 

307-311. 

Aptroot, A. 2007. Davidgallowaya cornutispora, 

an enigmatic lichen from New Guinea. – 

Bibl. Lichenol. 95: 137-145. 

Aptroot, A., Umana, L., Chaves, J.L. & Trest, 

M.T. 2006. A first assessment of the 

Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa 

Rica: three new squamulose genera 

(Lecanorales: Ramalinaceae and 

Pilocarpaceae). – J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 100: 

617-623. 

Articus, K. 2004. Neuropogon and the 

phylogeny of Usnea s.l. (Parmeliaceae, 

Lichenized Ascomycetes). – Taxon 53: 925- 

934. 

90 

Baloch, E. & Grube, M. 2006. Evolution and 

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