Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes
Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes
126. Wang, S. Q.; Mahan, G. D., Electron Scattering from Surface Excitations. Phys. Rev. B 1972, 6 (12), 4517. 127. Matsuda, K.; Inoue, T.; Murakami, Y.; Maruyama, S.; Kanemitsu, Y., Exciton dephasing and multiexciton recombinations in a single carbon nanotube. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77 (3), 033406. 128. Murakami, Y.; Kono, J., Nonlinear Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes: Exploring the Upper Density Limit of One-Dimensional Excitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102 (3), 037401. 129. Ma, Y.-Z.; Valkunas, L.; Dexheimer, S. L.; Bachilo, S. M.; Fleming, G. R., Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Optical Excitations in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Evidence for Exciton- Exciton Annihilation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94 (15), 157402. 130. Hagen, A.; Steiner, M.; Raschke, M. B.; Lienau, C.; Hertel, T.; Qian, H.; Meixner, A. J.; Hartschuh, A., Exponential Decay Lifetimes of Excitons in Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95 (19), 197401. 131. Ajiki, H.; Ando, T., Aharonov-Bohm effect in carbon nanotubes. Physica B 1994, 201, 349- 352. 132. Ajiki, H.; Ando, T., Carbon Nanotubes: Optical Absorption in Aharonov-Bohm Flux. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 1995, 34-1, 107-109. 133. Uryu, S.; Ando, T., Exciton absorption of perpendicularly polarized light in carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (15), 155411. 134. Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P., Excited Excitonic States in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2008, 8 (7), 1890-1895. 135. Balasubramanian, K.; Fan, Y.; Burghard, M.; Kern, K.; Friedrich, M.; Wannek, U.; Mews, A., Photoelectronic transport imaging of individual semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84 (13), 2400-2402. 136. Freitag, M.; Martin, Y.; Misewich, J. A.; Martel, R.; Avouris, P., Photoconductivity of Single Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2003, 3 (8), 1067-1071. 137. Hartschuh, A.; Pedrosa, H. N.; Novotny, L.; Krauss, T. D., Simultaneous Fluorescence and Raman Scattering from Single Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2003, 301 (5638), 1354-1356. 138. Milosevic, I.; Vukovic, T.; Dmitrovic, S.; Damnjanovic, M., Polarized optical absorption in carbon nanotubes: A symmetry-based approach. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67 (16), 165418. 139. Miyauchi, Y.; Oba, M.; Maruyama, S., Cross-polarized optical absorption of single-walled nanotubes by polarized photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (20), 205440. 119
140. Grüneis, A.; Saito, R.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Kimura, T.; Pimenta, M. A.; Jorio, A.; Filho, A. G. S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S., Inhomogeneous optical absorption around the K point in graphite and carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67 (16), 165402. 141. Perebeinos, V.; Avouris, P., Phonon and Electronic Nonradiative Decay Mechanisms of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101 (5), 057401. 142. Xia, F.; Steiner, M.; Lin, Y.-m.; Avouris, P., A microcavity-controlled, current-driven, onchip nanotube emitter at infrared wavelengths. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3 (10), 609-613. 143. Harutyunyan, H.; Gokus, T.; Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C.; Allegrini, M.; Hartschuh, A., Defect-Induced Photoluminescence from Dark Excitonic States in Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2009, 9 (5), 2010-2014. 144. Kiowski, O.; Arnold, K.; Lebedkin, S.; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M., Direct Observation of Deep Excitonic States in the Photoluminescence Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99 (23), 237402. 145. Steiner, M.; Freitag, M.; Tsang, J.; Perebeinos, V.; Bol, A.; Failla, A.; Avouris, P., How does the substrate affect the Raman and excited state spectra of a carbon nanotube? Appl. Phys. A 2009, 96, 271-282. 146. Wang, F.; Dukovic, G.; Knoesel, E.; Brus, L. E.; Heinz, T. F., Observation of rapid Auger recombination in optically excited semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2004, 70 (24), 241403. 147. Wang, F.; Wu, Y.; Hybertsen, M. S.; Heinz, T. F., Auger recombination of excitons in onedimensional systems. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73 (24), 245424. 148. Steiner, M.; Freitag, M.; Perebeinos, V.; Naumov, A.; Small, J. P.; Bol, A. A.; Avouris, P., Gate-Variable Light Absorption and Emission in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube. Nano Lett. 2009, 9 (10), 3477-3481. 149. Walsh, A. G.; Vamivakas, A. N.; Yin, Y.; Cronin, S. B.; Unlu, M. S.; Goldberg, B. B.; Swan, A. K., Screening of Excitons in Single, Suspended Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2007, 7 (6), 1485-1488. 150. Jiang, J.; Saito, R.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Jorio, A.; Chou, S. G.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S., Chirality dependence of exciton effects in single-wall carbon nanotubes: Tight-binding model. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75 (3), 035407. 151. Hogele, A.; Galland, C.; Winger, M.; Imamoglu, A., Photon Antibunching in the Photoluminescence Spectra of a Single Carbon Nanotube. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100 (21), 217401. 152. Kinoshita, M.; Steiner, M.; Engel, M.; Small, J. P.; Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C.; Krupke, R.; Mendez, E. E.; Avouris, P., The polarized carbon nanotube thin film LED. Opt. Express 2010, 18 (25), 25738-25745. 120
- Page 81 and 82: In a split-gate scheme, a new level
- Page 83 and 84: 3. Electroluminescence mechanism an
- Page 85 and 86: After calibrating our detection sys
- Page 87 and 88: (a) (b) Figure IV-3. Electrolumines
- Page 89 and 90: observed by increasing the VGS valu
- Page 91 and 92: We claimed in Chapter III that in t
- Page 93 and 94: Let us finally comment on the effic
- Page 95 and 96: Chapter V The Polarized Carbon Nano
- Page 97 and 98: (a) (b) Figure V-1. (a) SEM image o
- Page 99 and 100: oth electrons and holes can be inje
- Page 101 and 102: In the reverse direction (i.e., neg
- Page 103 and 104: 4. Electroluminescence characterist
- Page 105 and 106: and drain pads (marked “S” and
- Page 107 and 108: (a) (b) Figure V-8. (a) EL intensit
- Page 109 and 110: We attribute the observation of the
- Page 111 and 112: (a) (b) (c) Figure V-9. Electrolumi
- Page 113 and 114: measurements (i.e. additional chemi
- Page 115 and 116: (a) (b) Figure V-10. Full-width at
- Page 117 and 118: mechanisms are the same for differe
- Page 119 and 120: experiment, solid line: cosine squa
- Page 121 and 122: emission observed at higher current
- Page 123 and 124: Bibliography 1. Avouris, P.; Chen,
- Page 125 and 126: 30. Miyauchi, Y.; Maruyama, S., Ide
- Page 127 and 128: 56. Chen, Z.; Appenzeller, J.; Knoc
- Page 129 and 130: 85. Marty, L.; Adam, E.; Albert, L.
- Page 131: 112. Steiner, M.; Freitag, M.; Pere
126. Wang, S. Q.; Mahan, G. D., Electron Scattering from Surface Excitations. Phys. Rev. B<br />
1972, 6 (12), 4517.<br />
127. Matsuda, K.; Inoue, T.; Murakami, Y.; Maruyama, S.; Kanemitsu, Y., Exciton dephasing<br />
and multiexciton recombinations in a single carbon nanotube. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77 (3), 033406.<br />
128. Murakami, Y.; Kono, J., Nonlinear Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy of <strong>Carbon</strong><br />
<strong>Nanotubes</strong>: Exploring the Upper Density Limit of One-Dimensional Excitons. Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
2009, 102 (3), 037401.<br />
129. Ma, Y.-Z.; Valkunas, L.; Dexheimer, S. L.; Bachilo, S. M.; Fleming, G. R., Femtosecond<br />
Spectroscopy of Optical Excitations in Single-Walled <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>: Evidence for Exciton-<br />
Exciton Annihilation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94 (15), 157402.<br />
130. Hagen, A.; Steiner, M.; Raschke, M. B.; Lienau, C.; Hertel, T.; Qian, H.; Meixner, A. J.;<br />
Hartschuh, A., Exponential Decay Lifetimes of Excitons in Individual Single-Walled <strong>Carbon</strong><br />
<strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95 (19), 197401.<br />
131. Ajiki, H.; Ando, T., Aharonov-Bohm effect in carbon nanotubes. Physica B 1994, 201, 349-<br />
352.<br />
132. Ajiki, H.; Ando, T., <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>: Optical Absorption in Aharonov-Bohm Flux. Jpn. J.<br />
Appl. Phys. Suppl. 1995, 34-1, 107-109.<br />
133. Uryu, S.; Ando, T., Exciton absorption of perpendicularly polarized light in carbon<br />
nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (15), 155411.<br />
134. Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P., Excited Excitonic States in Single-Walled <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Nano<br />
Lett. 2008, 8 (7), 1890-1895.<br />
135. Balasubramanian, K.; Fan, Y.; Burghard, M.; Kern, K.; Friedrich, M.; Wannek, U.; Mews,<br />
A., Photoelectronic transport imaging of individual semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Appl.<br />
Phys. Lett. 2004, 84 (13), 2400-2402.<br />
136. Freitag, M.; Martin, Y.; Misewich, J. A.; Martel, R.; Avouris, P., Photoconductivity of<br />
Single <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Nano Lett. 2003, 3 (8), 1067-1071.<br />
137. Hartschuh, A.; Pedrosa, H. N.; Novotny, L.; Krauss, T. D., Simultaneous Fluorescence and<br />
Raman Scattering from Single <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Science 2003, 301 (5638), 1354-1356.<br />
138. Milosevic, I.; Vukovic, T.; Dmitrovic, S.; Damnjanovic, M., Polarized optical absorption in<br />
carbon nanotubes: A symmetry-based approach. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67 (16), 165418.<br />
139. Miyauchi, Y.; Oba, M.; Maruyama, S., Cross-polarized optical absorption of single-walled<br />
nanotubes by polarized photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (20),<br />
205440.<br />
119
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