Acknowledgements First, I would like to express my gratitude to my dissertation advisor, Dr. Emilio E. Mendez, who has been much more than a dissertation advisor to me. If I had not taken his introductory solid state physics course as an undergraduate student, I would never have gone into this field, and <strong>with</strong>out the inspiration I received from his teaching, I may not have gone into teaching. His guidance, understanding and patience helped me persist and finish my graduate work through one of the most challenging periods of my life. I feel honored to have been his student. He also assisted me extensively throughout the editing process. While I am grateful to Dr. Mendez for his assistance, I must clarify that the blame for errors in the empirical analysis and in the writing (if any) lies <strong>with</strong> me alone. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee for their interest: Drs. Philip B. Allen, Harold J. Metcalf and Stanislaus Wong. In particular, special thanks go to Dr. Allen who not only served as the committee chair, but also made numerous suggestions for improving my dissertation. The bulk of the work presented here was conducted at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, NY, <strong>with</strong> the group lead by Dr. Phaedon Avouris, and his help and insights are greatly appreciated as well. My collaborators at IBM were very generous <strong>with</strong> their expertise, from which I learned a tremendous amount and benefited in tangible ways. For this, I am indebted to (titles omitted) Thomas Mueller, Mathias Steiner, Ageeth Bol (for growing countless carbon nanotube samples and for her expert knowledge in nanotube growth), Vasili Perebeinos, Michael Engel, Joshua Small, Damon Farmer (for ALD growth), Bruce Ek (for much technical support and e-beam evaporation), Jim Bucchignano (for e-beam writing), Hsin-Ying Chiu, Jim Tsang, Siyu Koswatta, Yu-Ming Lin, Fengnian Xia, Marcus Freitag, Ali Afzali, George Tulevski, Zhihong Chen, Jim Rozen, Teresita Graham and many others. This dissertation was finished while I was working at SUNY Orange Community College as a first-year instructor, and I appreciate the understanding and support of my colleagues during that time. In particular, I would like thank John Wolbeck and Stacey Moegenburg for being very understanding and for encouraging me throughout the process. My thanks also go to my other colleagues for cheering me on. I am very fortunate to work in such an incredible work environment. Carolyn Ramsey and Christian Lavoie helped me through some of the most difficult phases of my graduate life. Without their care, support, understanding and friendship, this dissertation would not have been possible. I am forever grateful for their generosity of heart. In addition, I would like to thank Monica Mack, Merrill and Tamaji Harmin and the members of their meditation group, Hsin-Ying Chiu, Jerome Ramsey, Daniel Kerr, Ching-tzu Chen, Qing Wang, Brian Hessel and all my other friends for their friendship and support. xi
My parents have been steadfast supporters of my personal and academic pursuits no matter what I wanted to do, through the meandering path I have taken to get to this point. I cannot thank them enough for everything they have given me and done for me. And last, but not least, I would like to thank my son, Samuel Nicholas Kinoshita-Millard, who never once complained that I spent more time in the lab than <strong>with</strong> him. It is forever etched in my memory how I would go to the library <strong>with</strong> him in tow and work for hours on end while he sat quietly and read on his own. My everlasting gratitude to him for his unconditional love, understanding and encouragement. xii
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found multiple tubes bound together
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where i is the phonon mode, Tsub is
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The main panel of Figure III-10 sho
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the effect following Perebeinos’
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the optical phonon population is no
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(a) Figure III-13. (a) Spectra from
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DOP = I║ / (I┴ + I║) = 0.77.
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inding energy for perpendicular exc
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3. Conclusions We have examined the
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In a split-gate scheme, a new level
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3. Electroluminescence mechanism an
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After calibrating our detection sys
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(a) (b) Figure IV-3. Electrolumines
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observed by increasing the VGS valu
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We claimed in Chapter III that in t
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Let us finally comment on the effic
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Chapter V The Polarized Carbon Nano
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(a) (b) Figure V-1. (a) SEM image o
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oth electrons and holes can be inje
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In the reverse direction (i.e., neg
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4. Electroluminescence characterist
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and drain pads (marked “S” and
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(a) (b) Figure V-8. (a) EL intensit
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We attribute the observation of the
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(a) (b) (c) Figure V-9. Electrolumi
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measurements (i.e. additional chemi
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(a) (b) Figure V-10. Full-width at
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mechanisms are the same for differe
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experiment, solid line: cosine squa
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emission observed at higher current
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Bibliography 1. Avouris, P.; Chen,
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30. Miyauchi, Y.; Maruyama, S., Ide
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56. Chen, Z.; Appenzeller, J.; Knoc
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85. Marty, L.; Adam, E.; Albert, L.
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112. Steiner, M.; Freitag, M.; Pere
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140. Grüneis, A.; Saito, R.; Samso