Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes
Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes
16. O'Connell, M. J.; Bachilo, S. M.; Huffman, C. B.; Moore, V. C.; Strano, M. S.; Haroz, E. H.; Rialon, K. L.; Boul, P. J.; Noon, W. H.; Kittrell, C.; Ma, J.; Hauge, R. H.; Weisman, R. B.; Smalley, R. E., Band Gap Fluorescence from Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2002, 297 (5581), 593-596. 17. Capaz, R. B.; Spataru, C. D.; Ismail-Beigi, S.; Louie, S. G., Diameter and chirality dependence of exciton properties in carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (12), 121401. 18. Dukovic, G.; Wang, F.; Song, D.; Sfeir, M. Y.; Heinz, T. F.; Brus, L. E., Structural Dependence of Excitonic Optical Transitions and Band-Gap Energies in Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (11), 2314-2318. 19. Zhao, H.; Mazumdar, S., Electron-Electron Interaction Effects on the Optical Excitations of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93 (15), 157402. 20. Lin, H.; Lagoute, J.; Repain, V.; Chacon, C.; Girard, Y.; Lauret, J. S.; Ducastelle, F.; Loiseau, A.; Rousset, S., Many-body effects in electronic bandgaps of carbon nanotubes measured by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. Nat. Mater. 9 (3), 235-238. 21. Hybertsen, M. S.; Louie, S. G., Electron correlation in semiconductors and insulators: Band gaps and quasiparticle energies. Phys. Rev. B 1986, 34 (8), 5390. 22. Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J., Electron Interactions and Scaling Relations for Optical Excitations in Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93 (19), 197402. 23. Ando, T., Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1997, 66, 1066-1073. 24. Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, P., Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92 (25), 257402. 25. Spataru, C. D.; Ismail-Beigi, S.; Benedict, L. X.; Louie, S. G., Excitonic Effects and Optical Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92 (7), 077402-4. 26. Maultzsch, J.; Pomraenke, R.; Reich, S.; Chang, E.; Prezzi, D.; Ruini, A.; Molinari, E.; Strano, M. S.; Thomsen, C.; Lienau, C., Exciton binding energies in carbon nanotubes from twophoton photoluminescence. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72 (24), 241402-4. 27. Qiu, X.; Freitag, M.; Perebeinos, V.; Avouris, P., Photoconductivity Spectra of Single-Carbon Nanotubes: Implications on the Nature of Their Excited States. Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (4), 749-752. 28. Wang, F.; Dukovic, G.; Brus, L. E.; Heinz, T. F., The Optical Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Arise from Excitons. Science 2005, 308 (5723), 838-841. 29. Plentz, F.; Ribeiro, H. B.; Jorio, A.; Strano, M. S.; Pimenta, M. A., Direct Experimental Evidence of Exciton-Phonon Bound States in Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95 (24), 247401. 111
30. Miyauchi, Y.; Maruyama, S., Identification of an excitonic phonon sideband by photoluminescence spectroscopy of single-walled carbon-13 nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (3), 035415. 31. Scholes, G. D.; Tretiak, S.; McDonald, T. J.; Metzger, W. K.; Engtrakul, C.; Rumbles, G.; Heben, M. J., Low-Lying Exciton States Determine the Photophysics of Semiconducting Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111 (30), 11139-11149. 32. Kilina, S.; Tretiak, S.; Doorn, S. K.; Luo, Z.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F.; Piryatinski, A.; Saxena, A.; Bishop, A. R., Cross-polarized excitons in carbon nanotubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105 (19), 6797-6802. 33. Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, P., Radiative Lifetime of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (12), 2495-2499. 34. Spataru, C. D.; Ismail-Beigi, S.; Capaz, R. B.; Louie, S. G., Theory and Ab Initio Calculation of Radiative Lifetime of Excitons in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95 (24), 247402. 35. Mortimer, I. B.; Nicholas, R. J., Role of Bright and Dark Excitons in the Temperature- Dependent Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98 (2), 027404. 36. Spataru, C. D.; Léonard, F., Tunable Band Gaps and Excitons in Doped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Made Possible by Acoustic Plasmons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104 (17), 177402. 37. Jorio, A.; Saito, R.; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Hunter, M.; McClure, T.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S., Structural ( n, m) Determination of Isolated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Resonant Raman Scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86 (6), 1118. 38. Saito, R.; Fantini, C.; Jiang, J., Excitonic States and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. In Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, M. S., Dresselhaus, G., Ed. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; Vol. 111. 39. Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, P., Effect of Exciton-Phonon Coupling in the Calculated Optical Absorption of Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94 (2), 027402. 40. Piscanec, S.; Lazzeri, M.; Robertson, J.; Ferrari, A. C.; Mauri, F., Optical phonons in carbon nanotubes: Kohn anomalies, Peierls distortions, and dynamic effects. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75 (3), 035427. 41. Jorio, A.; Souza Filho, A. G.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Swan, A. K.; Ünlü, M. S.; Goldberg, B. B.; Pimenta, M. A.; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Saito, R., G-band resonant Raman study of 62 isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 65 (15), 155412. 42. Doorn, S. K.; Zheng, L.; O'Connell, M. J.; Zhu, Y.; Huang, S.; Liu, J., Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109 (9), 3751-3758. 112
- Page 73 and 74: (a) Figure III-13. (a) Spectra from
- Page 75 and 76: DOP = I║ / (I┴ + I║) = 0.77.
- Page 77 and 78: inding energy for perpendicular exc
- Page 79 and 80: 3. Conclusions We have examined the
- Page 81 and 82: In a split-gate scheme, a new level
- Page 83 and 84: 3. Electroluminescence mechanism an
- Page 85 and 86: After calibrating our detection sys
- Page 87 and 88: (a) (b) Figure IV-3. Electrolumines
- Page 89 and 90: observed by increasing the VGS valu
- Page 91 and 92: We claimed in Chapter III that in t
- Page 93 and 94: Let us finally comment on the effic
- Page 95 and 96: Chapter V The Polarized Carbon Nano
- Page 97 and 98: (a) (b) Figure V-1. (a) SEM image o
- Page 99 and 100: oth electrons and holes can be inje
- Page 101 and 102: In the reverse direction (i.e., neg
- Page 103 and 104: 4. Electroluminescence characterist
- Page 105 and 106: and drain pads (marked “S” and
- Page 107 and 108: (a) (b) Figure V-8. (a) EL intensit
- Page 109 and 110: We attribute the observation of the
- Page 111 and 112: (a) (b) (c) Figure V-9. Electrolumi
- Page 113 and 114: measurements (i.e. additional chemi
- Page 115 and 116: (a) (b) Figure V-10. Full-width at
- Page 117 and 118: mechanisms are the same for differe
- Page 119 and 120: experiment, solid line: cosine squa
- Page 121 and 122: emission observed at higher current
- Page 123: Bibliography 1. Avouris, P.; Chen,
- Page 127 and 128: 56. Chen, Z.; Appenzeller, J.; Knoc
- Page 129 and 130: 85. Marty, L.; Adam, E.; Albert, L.
- Page 131 and 132: 112. Steiner, M.; Freitag, M.; Pere
- Page 133 and 134: 140. Grüneis, A.; Saito, R.; Samso
30. Miyauchi, Y.; Maruyama, S., Identification of an excitonic phonon sideband by<br />
photoluminescence spectroscopy of single-walled carbon-13 nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74<br />
(3), 035415.<br />
31. Scholes, G. D.; Tretiak, S.; McDonald, T. J.; Metzger, W. K.; Engtrakul, C.; Rumbles, G.;<br />
Heben, M. J., Low-Lying Exciton States Determine the Photophysics of Semiconducting Single<br />
Wall <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111 (30), 11139-11149.<br />
32. Kilina, S.; Tretiak, S.; Doorn, S. K.; Luo, Z.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F.; Piryatinski, A.;<br />
Saxena, A.; Bishop, A. R., Cross-polarized excitons in carbon nanotubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.<br />
U. S. A. 2008, 105 (19), 6797-6802.<br />
33. Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, P., Radiative Lifetime of Excitons in <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>.<br />
Nano Lett. 2005, 5 (12), 2495-2499.<br />
34. Spataru, C. D.; Ismail-Beigi, S.; Capaz, R. B.; Louie, S. G., Theory and Ab Initio Calculation<br />
of Radiative Lifetime of Excitons in Semiconducting <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005,<br />
95 (24), 247402.<br />
35. Mortimer, I. B.; Nicholas, R. J., Role of Bright and Dark Excitons in the Temperature-<br />
Dependent Photoluminescence of <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98 (2), 027404.<br />
36. Spataru, C. D.; Léonard, F., Tunable Band Gaps and Excitons in Doped Semiconducting<br />
<strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong> Made Possible by Acoustic Plasmons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104 (17),<br />
177402.<br />
37. Jorio, A.; Saito, R.; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Hunter, M.; McClure, T.; Dresselhaus, G.;<br />
Dresselhaus, M. S., Structural ( n, m) Determination of Isolated Single-Wall <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong><br />
by Resonant Raman Scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86 (6), 1118.<br />
38. Saito, R.; Fantini, C.; Jiang, J., Excitonic States and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of<br />
single-Wall <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. In <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis,<br />
Structure, Properties and Applications, Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, M. S., Dresselhaus, G., Ed.<br />
Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; Vol. 111.<br />
39. Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, P., Effect of Exciton-Phonon Coupling in the Calculated<br />
Optical Absorption of <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94 (2), 027402.<br />
40. Piscanec, S.; Lazzeri, M.; Robertson, J.; Ferrari, A. C.; Mauri, F., Optical phonons in carbon<br />
nanotubes: Kohn anomalies, Peierls distortions, and dynamic effects. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75 (3),<br />
035427.<br />
41. Jorio, A.; Souza Filho, A. G.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Swan, A. K.; Ünlü, M. S.;<br />
Goldberg, B. B.; Pimenta, M. A.; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Saito, R., G-band resonant Raman<br />
study of 62 isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 65 (15), 155412.<br />
42. Doorn, S. K.; Zheng, L.; O'Connell, M. J.; Zhu, Y.; Huang, S.; Liu, J., Raman Spectroscopy<br />
and Imaging of Ultralong <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotubes</strong>. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109 (9), 3751-3758.<br />
112
Change language