Book of Abstract (incl. addendum) - IFSA symposium 2012

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Workshop 1.3 Understanding agricultural structural changes and their impacts, to support inclusive policy dialogue and formulation Do political changes regarding livestock farming, beef supply chain and Amazonian forest protection, contribute to ecological intensification? Nathalie Cialdella, S. A. de Carvalho, V. Vaz, T. Barbosa, M. C. Thales, M. Mourão, E. Coudel, R. Poccard-Chappuis and J.F. Tourrand CIRAD, France Nathalie.Ciadella@cirad.fr Since 2008, Amazonian agriculture has been faced with radical changes in Brazilian policies regarding agricultural land use and the preservation of forest areas. The viability of livestock systems is threatened, revealing the emergency for technical, organizational and social alternatives which could bring about a sustainable development of agriculture in this region. Alternatives are experimented by public extension services and private operators in order to find an outcome. In this context, how do these alternatives contribute to put into debate what is ecological intensification? Ecological intensification, defined as an ecologically friendly agricultural development, is envisioned as a possible way to conciliate the existence of the beef supply chain and the protection of forest ecosystems in this region. Taking the examples of three municipalities of the Pará State, the authors analyze the points of view of different categories of actors involved in livestock farming and beef supply chain. The results show that the alternatives often deal with classical ways of intensification, which are hardly affordable to small farmers, and put forward other kinds of ecological risks and damages. Heterogeneity and vulnerability of livestock farming in forest plantations in Uruguay R. Carriquiry, H. Morales, P. De Hegedus and Tourrand J.F. Instituto Plan Agropecuario, Uruguay eltemplado@gmail.com In this paper we study the situation of livestock farmers related to the afforestation of the northwest region of Uruguay and suggest that their vulnerability has characteristics that vary according to characteristics of the modified ecosystem in which they operate and develop their resource endowments. We present an overview of mixed farming that includes trees and especially those that include cattle grazing. It is shown that the development of these systems has been associated with incentives from public policies, the demand for primary goods and the emergence of forms of agricultural organization that had not been present in the country. It presents various aspects of developments in the areas where forestry has shown great progress, justifying the need to elaborate on knowledge of the consequences of these changes. In particular, it proposes an approach that emphasizes the identification of interactions that we consider to be beneficial for both items. Briefly reviews some consequences that are manifested in changes in ecosystem services and the changes are associated with the original holding in the region: livestock. To analyze differences in vulnerability among farmers and in particular how this feature is affected by its connection with afforestation present a typology and the results of a series of interviews conducted archetypal representatives of the types we offer. Our study shows that differences exist between farmers associated with the afforestation that allow us to propose that will be affected differentially by changes that occur and the desirability of developing differential offers training and include consideration of public policy proposals that improve their situation. In particular, the valuation of environmental services throughout the silvopastoral systems can result in improved income from these new players in our national agriculture. 34
Workshop 1.3 Understanding agricultural structural changes and their impacts, to support inclusive policy dialogue and formulation Understanding farmers’ land rationales in the context of urban sprawl Christine Léger and Françoise Alavoine-Mornas Irstea, France Christine.Leger@irstea.fr Even if European and French policies aim at reducing agricultural land consumption for urban development, tnhe equivalent of one French department area is built each seven years. The implementation of French land use planning policies is supposed to integrate the cooperation of agriculture professionals, as a governance form of public intervention. Considering this, we assume that there are some learning failures in the cultural integration between politics and agricultural sectors which may explain some misinterpretations of farming systems issues. In this paper, we expose a method to unravel farming systems dynamics in the context of urban sprawl, as understanding this means integrating on one hand the complexity of agricultural working systems, on the other hand the complexity of the different impacts of urban sprawl on these systems. With this aim in view, we present a new way to study farmers’ strategies. Our approach is based on an analysis of farmers’ decisions, coupled with their motivations. We identified five action levers and four distinct farmers’ rationales with regard to land management decisions, and also their interdependencies. This method could also be used to study other types of farming systems’ structural changes. The activity system. A position paper Pierre Gasselin, Michel Vaillant and Benjamin Bathfield INRA, France Gasselin@supagro.inra.fr From a broad review of the literature and empirical studies conducted in Latin America and in France, we consolidate the concept of activity system applied to small-scale agriculture. This concept brings together fundamental works of various disciplines on the notions of activity, work, knowledge, resources, decision-making and rationality, dynamic of systems, innovation and development. It provides a global analytical framework that can be applied to a specific context and a given issue. This in turn imposes to define its components (social entity, activity, motivation and resources) and its environment. The study of the interactions and of the dynamics, especially in its historical dimension, is intrinsic to the activity system approach. WAW proposed methodological framework to assess agricultural structural transformations and their contributions to sustainable development: monitoring and assessment better to inform policy Pierre-Marie Bosc, Jean-Francois Bélières, Hubert George and Marie-Aude Even CIRAD, France Pierre-Marie.Bosc@cirad.fr Informed decisions on the diversity of agricultural holdings and the choice of future pathways of agricultural transformation can play a decisive role in society’s response to several global challenges. To make such decisions - spanning policy, institutional and technical dimensions - it is essential to monitor objectively the extent and impacts (social, economic and environmental) of ongoing and mostlikely future pathways of transformation both at the detailed level of agricultural holdings as well as at larger ‘territorial’ scales. The World Agricultural Watch (WAW) is proposed as a platform for effective global monitoring of rural and agricultural transformation. 35
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Book of Abstract (incl. addendum) - IFSA symposium 2012

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