Book of Abstract (incl. addendum) - IFSA symposium 2012

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Workshop 1.3 Understanding agricultural structural changes and their impacts, to support inclusive policy dialogue and formulation of supermarket expansion that hit the West and then spread to Asia and Latin America, this is unlikely to continue. With a large proportion of sub-Saharan African countries’ GDP still heavily reliant on agriculture, global trends in agrifood business are having an increasing impact on African countries. South Africa, a leader in agribusiness on the continent, has a well-established agrifood sector that is facing increasing pressure from various sources, including climate variability affecting production, a global drive towards ‘sustainability,’ certification and the need to support local capacity development especially in the agricultural sector. Using a socio-ecological systems approach that appreciates both the environmental and socio-economic drivers of change affecting processes in the food system, this paper situates the future of farming systems under these drivers of change and looks at how they can be harnessed to improve the adaptive capacity of the food system to an uncertain future. The paper uses qualitative data from preliminary semi-structured interviews with corporate executives from two South African food retail companies. Based on this information, the paper draws conclusions regarding how macro-trends both within and outside of the formal food sector are having repercussions for farming systems. These include the recognition that building resilience in the face of an uncertain and complex food system requires a holistic persepctive that capitalises on the system’s diversity and provides a governance structure that incentivises business to develop strategies that incorporate the needs of other actors. The industrialization of animal agriculture: Implications for small farmers, rural communities, the environment, and animals in the developing world Chetana Mirle Humane Society International, Washington DC, U.S. Cmirle@hsi.org The livestock sector is rapidly industrializing, particularly in developing or emerging economies, where most of the growth in meat production is projected to take place (OECD-FAO, 2011). Approximately 80 percent of the growth in this sector is already in the form of industrial farm animal production (Steinfeld et al, 2006). Worldwide, industrial systems account for approximately two-thirds of egg and poultry meat production and over half of pork production (FAO, 2007), with developing countries producing approximately half of the world’s industrial pork and poultry (Steinfeld et al, 2006a). At the same time, there is increasing consolidation of holdings in the farm animal sector (Steinfeld et al, 2006b; FAO, 2009). Between 1980 and 2000, global pork production nearly doubled, with a decrease in the total number of farms and an increase in larger facilities raising 1000 or more pigs (Cameron, 2000). In India, six large poultry companies account for nearly 40% of the egg industry (Rattanani, 2006). In addition to such concentration, farm animal production is becoming geographically clustered (FAO, 2009). Between 1992 and 2001 the proportion of pigs housed on 5% of Brazil's land area rose from 45% to 56% (Steinfeld et al, 2006). It is important to evaluate these trends for impacts on social and development goals. For example, a 2010 study found that animal agriculture alone will help push the planet to the brink of several sustainability boundaries (Pelletier & Tyedmers, 2010). Industrial animal agriculture has been shown to threaten the environment due to waste management challenges (Pew, 2008) (U.S. EPA, 2003). The economic concentration in the farm animal sector been shown to push small farmers out of the market and reduce employment opportunities (McLeod et al, 2009, Ikerd, 2004). This paper will analyze peer-reviewed studies, government data, and industry reports in order to better understand the impact of these structural changes on environmental sustainability and household food security in developing countries. 28
Workshop 1.3 Understanding agricultural structural changes and their impacts, to support inclusive policy dialogue and formulation Collective actions and the dynamic of agrifood system from the perspective of the Romanian small vegetable producers Cornelia Alboiu Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romania Coraalboiu@yahoo.com The integration into the world trade and particularly along the chain of products with high value added, such as the vegetables chain, is considered as a promoter of growth and poverty alleviation (Aksoy and Beghin, 2005), even though this topic is subject to controversy. The paper’s purpose is to assess the role of collective actions in farmers’ participation in the Romanian supply chains, more exactly the possibility of farmers to adapt to the dynamic retail chains using new institutional economic theories. Having given the requirements imposed by retail chains to vegetable suppliers in terms of quantity, quality, frequency, food safety, it is expected that a small farmer cannot afford to participate individually in the retail chains due to high transaction costs, lack of scale and institutional changes required. In order to see the determinants of joining collective actions by farmers, binary logit/probit models were used. The results signal out a small degree of farmers’ participation in collective actions. Also, they reveal a certain degree of uncertainty among stakeholders in terms of institutional arrangements and participation in collective action. Animal production systems in Algeria: transformation and tendencies in the Sétif area K. Abbas INRA, Algeria Abbaskhal@yahoo.fr In spite of its large area (2.4 million km2), Algeria has only 8 million ha of UAA, of which only 443 000 ha are irrigated (0.05%). With a population of more than 30 million inhabitants, the country registers 0.25 ha per capita, which represents a very low ratio. Agriculture is concentrated in a narrow fringe concentrated in the North, where the dominant climate is semi-arid with very irregular rainfalls. In the South, a steppe area of more than 30 million ha is mainly devoted to small ruminants' production. A majority of farms produces its main part of income from cereal crops–livestock association system. However, the diversity of the climate and the physical environment, on one hand, and the agricultural policies on the other hand, induce major transformations in these systems. Transformations are also the result of a significant demographic growth in rural area. This fact is translated by an increase in food needs. In this context, significant issues appear in term of resource’s uses and systems’ sustainability. To shed light in the actual situation, this study, based on a survey of 90 owners, shows that: - the intensification can constitute a threat on the pastoral resources; - the weakness of the farms encourages the generalization of practices characterized by a weak feed autonomy and a bad management of stock fodders; - the animal interspecific integration and partial intensification are positive if they follow models which ensure autonomy, performance and optimal pastoral resource management. 29
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