Unit I Review ? Chapters 1 -8 Key Terms/Definitions - schs

Unit I Review – Chapters 1 -8
Test will be a combination of True and False, Matching, Fill-in the blank and short answer.
Key Terms/Definitions
1. Aerial photo – photograph taken from the sky instead of the ground
2. Alphanumeric grid – grid that uses letters and numerals to identify squares of a grid pattern
on a map
3. Cardinal Point – north south east and west
4. Cartographer – map maker
5. Compass bearing – degrees on a compass, measured in clockwise direction from 0 degrees
6. Compass point – direction on a compass, such as South and North
7. Compass rose – diagram, in the shape of a flow showing directions and bearings use to
indicate direction on maps
8. Direct statement scale – words are used to describe the relationship between a distance on a
map and a specific distance on the Earth’s surface
9. Equal-area projection - map projection used by most nations and international organizations
in which the correct sizes of all countries are shown in relation to one another
10. False colour – colour artificially added to satellite images of Earth, to make patterns more
obvious. These colours would not actually be seen from space
11. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - A measure of a country’s wealth.
12. General-purpose map – map that contains many different types of information
13. Geographic information systems (GIS) – integrated software package for the input,
management, analysis, and display of spatial information
14. Geography is the study of relationships that exist in the environment between the people and
the land. Emphasizes how people make use of the earth.
15. Geostationary orbit - when a satellite is orbiting the Earth at a speed that keeps it above the
same place on the earths surface
16. Global - connections- economic, social, political, geographic connections between and among
countries around the world
17. Global Positioning System (GPS) - satellite navigation system that is used to compute the
exact latitude and longtitude position of any place on Earth
18. Graduated colour map – map in which a range of colour shades is used to indicate different values
19. Hydrological - The cycle that constantly circulates Earth’s water.
20. Independent variable – (graphing) the independent variable goes on the horizontal axis of the
graph and is, to a greater or lesser extent, causing or influencing the dependent variable
21. Intercardinal Points – north east, northwest, southeast, southwest
22. International Date line – line that generally follows the 180 degrees line of longitude where
one day ends and the next begins.
23. Large-scale map – map that shows a large amount of detail of a small area
24. Latitude - horizontal lines running east to west. Measured in degrees.
25. Legends – symbols and colours used on maps to indicate different features
26. Line scale – line divided into units that represents the actual units on the ground
27. Longitude – vertical lines running north and south. Measured in degrees.
28. Map – representation of the Earth’s features drawn on a flat surface
29. Map grid - series of lines on a map that can be used to locate any place on a map

Unit I Review – Chapters 1 -8
30. Map projection – when the round features of the globe are transferred to a flat surface.
31. Mental map – map in our mind of places we know
32. Mercator Projection – the most common map projection but it distortes true size of
landmasses.
33. Pie graph – common graph that uses sections of a circle to illustrate value
34. Population density – figure calculated by dividing the population of a region by a region’s area
35. Prime meridian – line of longitude on maps or globes that joins the North and South Poles and
runs through Greenwich, England.
36. Proportional area graph – type of graph that can be produced in many shapes, frequently circles
37. Radar – in remote sensing, rador sensors send out microwaves to the Earth’s surface and use
the microwaves reflected back to create image of human objects and natural features on the
Earth’s surface
38. Remote sensing - science of acquiring information about the earth’s surface without being in
contact with it.
39. Representative fraction scale – scale on a map given as a ratio of distance on the map to
distance on the ground, such as 1:50 000
40. Satellite – manufactured object that is launched by a rocket and circles the Earth
41. Scale – measurement on a map that represents an actual distance on the Earth’s surface
42. Small-scale map – map that shows a small amount of detail of a large area
43. Stacked bar graph –very much like bar graph, with one important difference: while each bar
in a simple bar graph represents one value, a stacked bar can be used to represent several
closely related values
44. Standard time –every place within a time zone has the same time, which is referred to as
standard time
45. Stereo pair - pair of aerial photographs that when looked at through a stereoscope, show 3dimensional
image
46. Thematic map - map containing information on only one particular topic
47. Time zone – division of the Earth’s surface, usually extending across 15 degrees longtitude,
that establishes a uniform time
48. Topographic map – large-scale map showing both natural and human-made features
49. Topography – natural and human features of the landscape
50. Weather – combination of temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and winds experienced daily
51. Winkel Tripel projection – best map projection for providing a balance between size and shape
52. X / y scattergraph - simple and useful graphs showing relationships between two sets of data
Review/Sample Questions
1. The main problem with the Mercator Projection in class is distorts size and shapes of
large objects like landmasses
2. Which map is used to show elevation? Topographic
3. When the features of a globe are transferred onto a flat surface, it is called: map projection
4. Thematic maps show information from one particular topic.

Unit I Review – Chapters 1 -8
5. List three types of map projections
a. Mercator Projection
b. Equal area projections
c. Winkle Triple Projection
6. List 3 types of grids:
a. Longitude and Latitude
b. Algebraic (Alphanumeric) grids (letters and numbers)
c. Military (map) grids
7. Lines of Lattitude are horizontal lines running east to west. They are measured in
degrees North and South of the Equator.
8. Lines of Longitude _ are vertical lines running north to south. They are measured in
degrees East and West of the Prime Meridian
9. A Compass Rose is used to indicate north and shows intercardinal and cardinal points.
10. In point form, list six components of most maps. Title, Date, Legend, Direction
Rose/Compass, Scale, Grid (latitude and longitude), Colour.
11. List the four intercardinal points? East , West , North , South
12. List the four cardinal points? Northeast Northwest , Southeast , Southwest
13. The following questions are based on time zones. Some apply to the map below.
a. If an Eskimo vs. Blue Bomber game is broadcast life from Edmonton, what time is
it on TV in St. John’s, NF?
b. (b) How many degrees is one time zone? How much time does each time zone
represent?
c. c) Last summer, my American History class went to Nashville, TN, an
approximately 3 day drive. Is Nashville in the same time zone?
14. What is the compass bearing or direction of the following:
a. South: (b) NNW: (c) SSW:
15. Identify the name/type of each of the following scale definition:
a. Scale in ration form (R.F Scale)
b. Scale in diagram form (line scale, Graphic Scale)
c. Scale using words to describe the relationship (Direct Statement Scale)
16. A line divided into units that represent actual units on the ground is a
a. representative fraction scale b. line scale
b. c. direct statement scale d. none of the above
17. 1:2 500 is an example of a
a. representative fraction b. direct statement scale
b. c. line scale d. none of the above.

Unit I Review – Chapters 1 -8
18. Which is an example of a direct statement scale?
a. 1:10 000 b. 1/10 000 c. 1 cm to 10 000 km d. both a & b
19. Photographs taken from aircraft for the purpose of surveying is known as
a. seismology b. satellite imagery
b. c. geostationary imagery d. remote sensing
20. Remote sensing can be used to
a. study weather and climate.
b. examine crop types and predict yields.
c. classify land types.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
21. Remote sensing can be used to
a. study weather and climate.
b. examine crop types and predict yields.
c. classify land types.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
22. This highly visual graph is frequently used in newspapers and ads to convey information
because it is easy to understand:
a. scatterplot b. stacked bar c. pie d. proportional area
23. Average annual precipitation and temperature are best conveyed by
a. Pie Graph b. Proportional Area Graph
c. Scatterplot d. Climate Graph
24. Using a Bar Graph for Precipitation and a Scatterplot (with lines connecting the dots)
Graph for Temperature superimposed on the bar graph, graph the data. Months are
the independent variable. Label temperature on the left side and precipitation on the
right side of the graph. Be sure to provide a title, label, and a numbered system for your
graph.
25. Using a pie graph, graph the following data:
Grade 7 15 students
Grade 8 30 students
Grade 9 50 students
Grade 10 100 students
Grade 11 5 students