sab meeting - Low Temperature Laboratory - TKK

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
MEETING
Center of Excellence in
Low Temperature Quantum Phenomena and Devices
Helsinki University of Technology
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Lecture Hall E, Otakaari 1 (Main Building)
EVALUATORS
Professor Mats Jonson, Heriot-Watt Univ., UK and Gothenburg Univ., Sweden
Professor William Halperin, Northwestern University, USA
OBSERVERS
Science Advisor Pasi Sihvonen, Academy of Finland
Vice Rector Outi Krause, TKK
Deputy President Heikki Mannila, Aalto University
Research Director Aarne Oja, VTT
Research Director Jussi Tuovinen, VTT
SENIOR HOSTS
Low Temperature Laboratory, TKK
Director Mikko Paalanen
Professor Pertti Hakonen
Docent Tero Heikkilä
Professor Matti Krusius
Dr. Sorin Paraoanu
Professor Jukka Pekola
Dr. Mika Sillanpää
Docent Juha Tuoriniemi
Professor Grigory Volovik
Quantronics group, VTT
Research Professor Heikki Seppä
Dr. Panu Helistö

PROGRAM OF THE SAB MEETING
8:30 – 9:00 Coffee (next to lecture room E)
9:00 – 9:15 Welcome and introduction of SAB and its mission
Pasi Sihvonen, Academy of Finland
9:15 – 9:45 Overview of the CoE and its activities
Mikko Paalanen (20 + 10 min)
9:45 – 10:00 Quantum circuits and noise
Pertti Hakonen
10:00 – 10:15 Superconducting quantum circuits
Sorin Paraoanu
10:15 – 10:30 Mechanical resonators towards quantum limit
Mika Sillanpää
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee (next to lecture room E)
10:45 – 11:00 Pumping charge and energy
Jukka Pekola
11:00 – 11:15 From low temperature quantum electronics to room
temperature technology and business
Panu Helistö
11:15 – 11:30 Mesoscopic phenomena in nanoelectronics
Tero Heikkilä
11:30 – 13:00 Lunch (H1 next to Silinteri, evaluators and observers)
13:00 – 13:15 Vortices and quantum turbulence in the T = 0 limit
Matti Krusius (10 + 5 min)
13:15 – 13:30 Microkelvin investigations
Juha Tuoriniemi
13:30 – 13:45 Quantum field theories and superfluid 3He
Grigory Volovik
14:00 – 14:30 Coffee (Low Temperature Laboratory, Nanotalo, Puumiehenkuja 2B)
14:30 – 17:00 Guided tour in the cryohall and poster presentations by
Rob Blaauwgeers, Vladimir Eltsov, Aurelien Fay, Risto Hänninen,
Sergey Kafanov, Mathias Meschke, Anssi Salmela,
Igor Todoshchenko and Janne Viljas
18:00 – Dinner (Tapiola Garden Hotel, hosts, evaluators, observers)

SAB MEETING
Introduction to the CoE in
LOW TEMPERATURE
QUANTUM PHENOMENA AND
DEVICES
by
Professor Mikko Paalanen
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 1

WELCOME
MEMBERS OF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
Professor Mats Jonson, Heriot-Watt University, UK, and Göteborg Univ. , Sweden
Professor William Halperin, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
OBSERVERS
• Science Advisor Pasi Sihvonen, Academy of Finland
• Vice Rector Outi Krause, TKK
• Research Director Aarne Oja, VTT
• Research Director Jussi Tuovinen, VTT
SENIOR COHOSTS
• Professor Pertti Hakonen (TKK, LTL, NANO)
• Dr. Sorin Paraoanu (TKK, LTL, KVANTTI)
• Dr. Mika Sillanpää (TKK, LTL, NANO )
• Professor Jukka Pekola (TKK, LTL, PICO)
• Docent Panu Helistö (VTT, QUANTRONICS)
• Docent Tero Heikkilä (TKK, LTL, THEORY)
• Professor Matti Krusius (TKK, LTL, ROTA)
• Docent Juha Tuoriniemi (TKK, LTL, YKI)
• Professor Grigory Volovik (TKK, LTL, THEORY)
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 2

OUTLINE
MISSION OF THE SAB
MISSION AND STRUCTURE OF THE CoE
FACILITIES
PERSONNEL
FUNDING
ACHIEVEMENTS
CHALLENGES FOR 2010 -
ROAD MAP TO EXCELLENCE
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 3

MISSION OF THE SAB
Evaluation of the CoE research program
• 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2011
Advice and support to the leaders of the CoE
Help in formulating short and long term research strategies
Reports to:
• Academy of Finland
• Helsinki University of Technology (TKK)
• State Research Center (VTT)
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 4

MISSION OF THE CoE
To educate PhD-level experts for the society
To investigate fundamental quantum phenomena
Natural systems
Engineered normal and superconducting nanodevices
To develope applications of the quantum devices
New refrigeration methods and quantum applicators
Ultra sensitive sensors and amplifiers for industry and basic science
To catch international leadership on chosen research areas
With the help of SAB
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 5

Scientific
Advisory
Board
(SAB)
Unique new facilities:
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TKK)
STATE RESEARCH CENTRE (VTT)
ACADEMY OF FINLAND (AF)
LOW TEMPERATURE QUANTUM
PHENOMENA and DEVICES
Director Mikko Paalanen (TKK)
Vice-Director Vice Director Heikki Seppä (VTT)
Seven research groups:
ROTA, Professor Matti Krusius
μKI, KI, Docent Juha Tuoriniemi
NANO, Professor Pertti Hakonen
PICO, Professor Jukka Pekola
KVANTTI, Dr. Sorin Paraoanu 1.1. 2008 -
QUANTRONICS, Docent Panu Helistö
THEORY, Docent Tero Heikkilä, 1.8. 2006 -
http://ltl.tkk.fi/wiki/LT/CoE
http:// ltl.tkk.fi/wiki/LT/CoE
Experienced personnel:
Two sub-mK, sub mK, eight dilution refrigerators (two He-free) He free)
Machine shop (220 m 12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 6
2 )
On-the On the-premises premises semi-clean semi clean room (100 m 2 )
Access to on-campus on campus cleanroom (Micronova, 2600 m 2 )
Scientific 50 FTE
Secreterial 4 FTE
Technical 4 FTE

#3 LTL
Old location
#9 LTL
New location
#36 Micronova
- PICO team
- QUANTRONICS team
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 7

NEW CRYOHALL
• Floor area is 428 m 2 (Old cryohall was 350 m 2 )
• Four shielded rooms
• Home of ROTA, μKI , NANO, KVANTTI and PICO (50%) groups
• Home of MICROKELVIN, EU-funded transnational access facility
Large concentration of unique
cryostats:
• Two sub-mK cryostats
• Four normal dilution refrigerators
• Two helium-free dilution refrigerators
Nearby:
• Delivery point for cryoliquids
• Machineshop 248 m 2
• Semi-clean room 100 m 2
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 8

ON-THE ON THE-PREMISES PREMISES SEMI-CLEAN SEMI CLEAN ROOM
Floor area 100 m 2
Class 10 000 environment
Operated by graduate students
Freedom for risky innovations
JEOL 6400 ebeam writer
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 9

MICRONOVA
Centre for Micro- Micro and Nanotechnology
Leading centre in micro- micro and nanotechnology in Finland
Total replacement value 35 Meuro
Jointly operated by VTT and TKK
Home of QUANTRONICS and PICO (50%) groups
Located on the campus some 200 m from the LTL
Modern offices for 300 scientist
Largest clean room (2 600 m 2 )
in Nordic countries
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 10

PERSONNEL OF LTL 1996-2009 1996 2009
PERSON-YEARS
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
26
8
4
LOW TEMPERATURE QUANTUM PHENOMENA
22
SUPPORT
9
6
25
13
6
24
16
QUANTUM DEVICES
7
24
14
20
13
9 9
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 11
21
12
10
20
14
13
20 21 21
20
11
17
9 9
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(est.)
YEAR
16
23
16
10
27
13 12
28
13
11

EVOLUTION OF THE CoE
• Merger of INTERFACE and YKI teams 1.4. 2008 -
• leader docent Juha Tuoriniemi
• microkelvin investigations
• New research groups funded by AF
• THEORY team 1.8. 2006 –
• leader docent Tero Heikkilä (research fellow of AF
and ERC Starting Grant)
• KVANTTI team 1.1. 2008 –
• leader Dr. Sorin Paraoanu (research fellow of AF)
• Young promising postdoctoral scientist
• Mika Sillanpää (research fellow of AF and ERC Starting Grant)
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 12

FUNDING/EURO
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
OTHERS
EU
TEKES
AF
TKK
FUNDING OF LTL
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
YEAR
LTL 60 k€/person-year
k€/person year
VTT 110 k€/person-year
k€/person year
Research work is cheap in Finland!
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 13

ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2008 - 2009
Research highlights
Publications and their impact
Services for science community
Societal impact
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 14

HIGHLIGHTS 2008-2009 2008 2009
Nuclear Spin Ordering on the Surface of a He-3 Crystal
Todoshchenko, I.A., Alles H., Junes H.J., Manninen M.S., and Parshin A.Y.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 102, 245302 (2009)
Pushing Mechanical Oscillators towards the Quantum Limit
Hakonen P.J., and Sillanpää M.A.
NATURE 459, 923-924 (2009).
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Volume: 95, 011909 (2009)
Electronic Refrigeration at the Quantum Limit
Timofeev A.V., Helle M., Meschke M., Mottonen M., and Pekola J.P.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 102, 200801 (2009)
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 15

NUMBER OF PRLs (IF = 7.180)
Years Our CoE TKK Finland Bell Labs World
1986-90 14 19 43 497 8 916
1991-95 20 35 85 362 11 484
1996-00 25 61 152 178 14 670
2001-05 30 80 198 141 17 274
2006-09 41 80 257 69 15 170
2006-09
# of PRLs %
Our CoE 41 0.27
Kavli/Delft 55 0.36
Finland 257 1.6
Sweden 399 2.6
USA 6 756 44.5
WORLD 15 170 100.0
Our CoE produces about 16% of Finnish PRLs
Information based on ISI Web of Science: http://isi3.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 16

PHYSICS PUBLICATIONS IN 2006 – 2009
IF > 10
JOURNAL IF CoE TKK FIN WORLD KAVLI/Delft
Rev. Mod. Phys. 34.0 1 2 2 144 3
Nature 31.4 5 4 7 10 201 11
Science 28.1 1 1 3 9 810 6
Nature Materials 23.1 0 2 3 1 162 4
Physics Reports 18.5 0 0 3 133 1
Nature Physics 16.8 2 2 3 604 7
Mat Sci Eng R 12.6 0 1 1 22 1
Rep Prog Phys 12.1 1 4 6 154 0
Nano Letters 10.4 2 4 9 2 741 32
Total # IF>10 12 20 37 24 971 65
Our CoE produces about 35% of the high-IF physics publications (IF > 10) in Finland
Information based on ISI Web of Science:
http://isi3.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 17

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS
AND SCHOOLS
organized by our CoE
Year NAME OF THE CONFERENCE Participants Proceedings
1999 LT22, 22 nd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics 1381 Yes
2001 ULTI User Meeting on Ultra Low Energy Physics: Methods and Phenomenology 85 Yes
2001 Nordic Winterschool on Nanophysics (Kevo) 28 No
2002 Kevo Spring School on Low Temperature Physics 25 Yes
2003 Advanced European Cryogenic School 46 No
2004 ULTI Users Meeting on Quantum Phenomena at Low Temperatures 87 Yes
2004 COSLAB Workshop on Turbulence and Vacuum Instability in Cond. Matter and Cosmology 39 No
2004 Nordic Springschool in Nanoelectronics (Kilpisjärvi) 40 No
2005 Martti M. Salomaa Memorial Symposium 50 No
2006 ULTI User Meeting on Low Temperature Physics 100 Yes
2006 Symposium celebrating the 60 th birthday of Nikolai Kopnin and Grigory Volovik ~ 50 No
2008 ULTI Users Meeting on Quantum Phenomena and Devices at Low Temperatures ~ 130 Yes
2008 Conference on Micro- and Nanórefrigeration ~ 50 Yes
2009 Finnish Physics Days XLIII 500 Yes
2009 European Advanced Cryogenics Course 41 No
2010 Symposium on Superfluid Dynamics and Quantum Turbulence 100 Yes
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 18

SOCIETAL IMPACT
Two successful spin off companies from the LTL before 2000
Elekta Neuromag Ltd, ~ 25 employees
Picowatt, 3 employees
Nanoway Cryoelectronics
Jukka Pekola and Mathias Meschke in 2005
Nanothermometers
Aivon Ltd
QUANTRONICS team (Jari Penttilä) in 2005
Device application of superconducting electronics
BlueFors Cryogenics
Rob Blaauwgeers and Pieter Vorselman in 2008
37 accepted patents and published patent application in 2008-09
QUANTRONICS 31, PICO 4, KVANTTI 1, ´THEORY and QUANTRONICS 1
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 19

CHALLENGES AHEAD
Is the research plan innovative enough?
Do we have proper management, funding,
equipment and support personnel to do what we
have promised?
How to improve our public image?
How to further improve our competitive edge?
How to survive the restructuring of Aalto
University?
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 20

ROAD MAP TO EXCELLENCE
Careful selection of projects
Small critical size of the effort, suitable for university environment
Maximum impact on world science
Readiness for risky experiments
Strong theory support for the experiments
Competitive edge reached by home built unique equipment
Best refrigerators → experiments at record low temperatures
Smallest microrefrigerators and nanothermometers → non-equilibrium physics
Lowest noise amplifiers → experiments at quantum limit
Proper attention to applications and patents
QUANTRONICS team from the VTT forms the bridge to industry
12.11. 2009 SAB MEETING 21