Market analysis of some mercury-containing products and their ...

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Tab. 2.1 Respondents Included During Investigations Product Consumers 10 Merchants Thermometers (clinical) X Sphygmomanometers (blood pressure cuff) Doctors Dentists Dental restorations X Batteries X Skin-lightening cosmetics (creams and soaps) X X Thermometers (household) X All research was done in prices reflective of the local economy. Exchange rates for Euros (€) and US dollars (US$) can help equate the prices to a common currency (see Tab. 2.2). However, it should be noted that purchasing power of the local currency should be considered in these comparisons since the relative value should allow for a better comparison than direct conversion. X
Tab. 2.2 NGO Participants and Local Currency Exchange Rate UN Region ASIA PACIFIC Country Local NGO Participant China Global Village of Beijing 11 Community Local Monetary System Beijing, Tianjin, Fenyang, Kunming India Toxics Link Delhi NCR/Delhi, Noida AFRICA Kenya iLima Organization EASTERN EUROPE LATIN AMERICA Senegal Pesticide Action Network – Africa Kyrgyzstan Independent Ecological Expertise Russia Eco-Accord Program on Chemical Safety Brazil APROMAC – Environment Protection Association Yuan (CNY) Rupee (INR) Nairobi Kenya Shilling (KES) Dakar, Thies Bishkek, Issyk-Ata, Chui Region Volgograd, Moscow, Novorossiysk African Franc (XOF) Som (KGS) Ruble (RUB) Curitiba City Real (BRL) Mexico CAATA Mexico City, Chihuahua, Coatzacoalcos, Iguala, Texcoco Mexican Peso (MXN) Exchange 3 per 1 US$ and1 EUR 6.82450 9.06582 49.65300 65.90765 79.800 105.9987 490.340 655.957 43.21090 57.16456 33.32790 44.30786 2.16650 2.88681 13.11340 17.37447 There are many ways to measure the size and performance of an economy. The concept of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) can help ensure an accurate comparison. The basis for PPP is the "law of one price". In the absence of transportation and other transaction costs, competitive markets will equalize the price of an identical good in two 3 Conversion rates were determined on April 14, 2009 from the website http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic, website last visited April 14, 2009
Page 1: Market analysis of some mercury-con
Page 4 and 5: Deskriptoren: Consumer safety, Cosm
Page 6 and 7: 4 Asia Pacific ....................
Page 8 and 9: 6.1.2 Current Brazilian status on a
Page 11 and 12: 1 Executive Summary The goal of thi
Page 13 and 14: attributes recognized for mercury-f
Page 15 and 16: 2 Introduction 2.1 Overview Mercury
Page 17 and 18: mosphere. New, less toxic, durable,
Page 19: The survey was conducted by Arnika
Page 23: Tab. 2.3 Comparative Gross Domestic
Page 26 and 27: were readily available. The remaini
Page 28 and 29: No additional costs or time were in
Page 30 and 31: Academics and merchants overwhelmin
Page 32 and 33: With most of the mercury-free cream
Page 34 and 35: Costs incurred for training and equ
Page 36 and 37: Mercury-free thermometers were rela
Page 38 and 39: Mercury-free button cell options (L
Page 40 and 41: Products were analyzed for mercury
Page 43 and 44: 4 Asia Pacific 4.1 India, Delhi NCR
Page 45 and 46: 4.1.1.2 Indian Household Thermomete
Page 47 and 48: een produced domestically and not i
Page 49 and 50: fied and were indicated to be displ
Page 51 and 52: Some dentists claimed prices betwee
Page 53 and 54: 4.2.1 Current status regarding avai
Page 55 and 56: Health care professionals preferred
Page 57 and 58: special places. But that the mercur
Page 59 and 60: Merchants stated problems existed w
Page 61: According to the dentists, it took
Page 64 and 65: 5.1.1 Current status regarding avai
Page 66 and 67: Family doctors preferred mercury-fr
Page 68 and 69: mercury-free. Unlabeled batteries p
Page 70 and 71:
Tab. 5.2 Russian Consumer Cosmetic
Page 72 and 73:
listed ingredients. Only two of the
Page 74 and 75:
Staff could not evaluate alternativ
Page 76 and 77:
lood pressure meter, depending on m
Page 78 and 79:
among the lower income occupations
Page 80 and 81:
declared) offerings were submitted
Page 83 and 84:
6 Latin America 6.1 Brazil, Curitib
Page 85 and 86:
Tab. 6.1 Brazilian Household Thermo
Page 87 and 88:
lowed in any battery sold in Brazil
Page 89 and 90:
comparison on perceived quality and
Page 91 and 92:
6.2 Mexican Cities Mexico City, Mex
Page 93 and 94:
Not only was training helpful, it w
Page 95 and 96:
his location (tropical, seaside Gul
Page 97 and 98:
Tab. 6.4 Mexican Consumer Cosmetic
Page 99 and 100:
Most products were produced domesti
Page 101 and 102:
7 Synopsis 7.1 Current status regar
Page 103 and 104:
gions, while no indication of this
Page 105 and 106:
China, and Russia while African imp
Page 107 and 108:
8 City of Braunschweig, as an examp
Page 109 and 110:
Mercury-free containing thermometer
Page 111 and 112:
8.3 Status of availability and cost
Page 113 and 114:
All skin-lightening products have a
Page 115:
Additionally to the above stated ba
Page 118 and 119:
[12] University of British Columbia
Page 120 and 121:
A.2 Blood Pressure Meters in the he
Page 122 and 123:
A.4 Skin Lightening Creams (If appl
Page 124 and 125:
Please make a list of all available
Page 126 and 127:
2.) Button Cell, Model number LR44
Page 129 and 130:
APPENDIX B. Mercury contents in ana
Page 131 and 132:
Tab. B.2 Analysed mercury content o
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135:
10 Figures Fig. 2.1 Purchasing Powe
Page 138:
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