10. Commutative Banach algebras - Aarhus Universitet
10. Commutative Banach algebras - Aarhus Universitet
10. Commutative Banach algebras - Aarhus Universitet
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Quotients<br />
Let A be a <strong>Banach</strong> algebra - not necessarily abelian. A closed<br />
two-sided ideal in A is a closed subspace J ⊆ A such that<br />
aj ∈ J, ja ∈ J when j ∈ J and a ∈ A.<br />
Lemma<br />
Let A be a <strong>Banach</strong> algebra and J ⊆ A a closed two-sided ideal.<br />
Then A/J is a <strong>Banach</strong> algebra in the quotient norm, and the<br />
quotient map q : A → A/J is an algebra homomorphism.<br />
Proof.<br />
Except for some algebraic trivialities - which we omit here - it<br />
remains only to prove the submultiplicativity of the norm in A/J,<br />
i.e. we must show that q(x)q(y) ≤ q(x) q(y) for all<br />
x,y ∈ A.<br />
Let j,j ′ ∈ J and note that q(x)q(y) = xy + J ≤<br />
xy − xj ′ − jy + jj ′ = (x − j)(y − j ′ ) ≤ x − j y − j ′ .<br />
The desired inequality follows by taking the infimum over j and j ′ .<br />
Klaus Thomsen <strong>10.</strong> <strong>Commutative</strong> <strong>Banach</strong> <strong>algebras</strong>