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7. Consequences of the Hahn-Banach theorems - Aarhus Universitet

7. Consequences of the Hahn-Banach theorems - Aarhus Universitet

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<strong>Consequences</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Hahn</strong>-<strong>Banach</strong> <strong>the</strong>orems<br />

Theorem<br />

(Theorem 3.5) Let X be a locally convex topological vector space<br />

and M ⊆ X a subspace. If x0 ∈ X is NOT in <strong>the</strong> closure M <strong>the</strong>re is<br />

a functional l ∈ X ∗ such that l(M) = {0} and l (x0) = 1.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>.<br />

Apply <strong>the</strong> <strong>Hahn</strong>-<strong>Banach</strong> separation <strong>the</strong>orem, Theorem 3.4 b), with<br />

A = M and B = {x0} to obtain L ∈ X ∗ and γ ∈ R such that<br />

Re L(M) < γ < Re L(x0).<br />

Klaus Thomsen <strong>7.</strong> <strong>Consequences</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Hahn</strong>-<strong>Banach</strong> <strong>the</strong>orems

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