structural geology, propagation mechanics and - Stanford School of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$Drilling-induced tensile wall-fractures - Stanford University$

Eichhubl, P., Taylor, W. L., Pollard, D. D., and Aydin, A., 2004, Paleo-fluid flow and deformation in the Aztec Sandstone at the Valley of Fire, Nevada--Evidence for the coupling of hydrogeological, diagenetic and tectonic processes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 9-10, p. 1120-1136. Engelder, T., 1974, Cataclasis and the generation of fault gouge: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 85, p. 1515-1522. Erdogan, F., and Sih, G. C., 1963, On crack extension in plates under plane loading and transverse shear: Journal of Basic Engineering—Transactions of American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v. 85, p. 519-527. Eshelby, J. D., 1957, The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion and related problems: Royal Society of London, Proceedings, v. A241, p. 376-396. -, 1959, The elastic field outside an ellipsoidal inclusion: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, v. A252, p. 561-569. Fleck, N. A., 1991, Brittle fracture due to an array of microcracks: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, v. A432, p. 55-76. Fleck, R. J., 1970, Tectonic style, magnitude and age of deformation in the Sevier orogenic belt in southern Nevada and eastern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 1705-1720. Fletcher, R. C., and Pollard, D. D., 1981, Anticrack model for pressure solution surfaces: Geology, v. 9, p. 419-424. Flodin, E. A., 2003, Structural evolution, petrophysics and large-scale permeability of faults in sandstone, Valley of Fire, Nevada [Ph.D. thesis]: Stanford University, 180 p. Flodin, E. A., and Aydin, A., 2004, Evolution of a strike-slip fault network, Valley of Fire, southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, p. 42-59. Flodin, E. A., Gerdes, M., Aydin, A., and Wiggins, W. D., 2005, Petrophysical properties and sealing capacity of fault rock from sheared-joint based faults, Aztec Sandstone, Nevada, in Tsuji, Y., and Sorkhabi, R., eds., Fault seals and petroleum traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, v. 85, p. 197-217. Flodin, E. A., Prasad, M., and Aydin, A., 2003, Petrophysical constraints on deformation styles in Aztec Sandstone: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, p. 1589-1610. Fossen, H., and Hesthammer, J., 1998, Deformation bands and their significance in porous sandstone reservoirs: First Break, v. 16, no. 1, p. 21-25. Freeman, D. H., 1990, Permeability effects of deformation bands in porous sandstones [Master's thesis]: University of Oklahoma, 90 p. 206
Freeze, R. A., and Cherry, J. A., 1979, Groundwater: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 604 p. Gibson, R. G., 1998, Physical character and fluid-flow properties of sandstone-derived fault zones, in Coward, M. P., Daltaban, T. S., and Johnson, H., eds., Structural Geology in Reservoir Characterization: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 127, p. 83-97. Haimson, B. C., 2001, Fracture-like borehole breakouts in high-porosity sandstone: Are they caused by compaction bands?: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A, v. 26, p. 15-20. -, 2003, Borehole breakouts in Berea sandstone reveal a new fracture mechanism: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, p. 813-831. Haimson, B. C., and Lee, H., 2004, Borehole breakouts and compaction bands in two high-porosity sandstones: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, v. 41, p. 287-301. Hesthammer, J., and Henden, J. O., 2000, Information on fault orientation from unoriented cores: AAPG Bulletin, v. 84, no. 4, p. 472-488. Hesthammer, J., Johansen, T. E. S., and Watts, L., 2000, Spatial relationships within fault damage zones in sandstone: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 17, p. 873-893. Hill, R. E., 1989, Analysis of deformation bands in the Aztec Sandstone, Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada [Master’s thesis]: University of Nevada, 68 p. Hoagland, R. G., Hahn, G. T., and Rosenfield, A. R., 1973, Influence of microstructure on fracture propagation in rock: Rock Mechanics, v. 5, p. 77-106. Holcomb, D. J., and Olsson, W. A., 2003, Compaction localization and fluid flow: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, no. B6, p. 2290, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000813. Irwin, G. R., 1960, Fracture Mechanics, in Structural Mechanics—1st Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics, Proceedings, p. 557-592. Issen, K. A., and Rudnicki, J. W., 2000, Conditions for compaction bands in porous rock: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 21,529-21,536. -, 2001, Theory of compaction bands in porous rock: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 95-100. Jamison, W. R., and Stearns, D. W., 1982, Tectonic deformation of Wingate Sandstone, Colorado National Monument: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 12, p. 2584-2608. 207
Page 1 and 2:
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, PROPAGATION MEC
Page 4 and 5:
Abstract Low-porosity, low-permeabi
Page 6 and 7:
delivered with fortitude, humor, su
Page 8 and 9:
Chapter 3—Energy-release model of
Page 10 and 11:
List of Illustrations Figure A. Cov
Page 12 and 13:
Figure A. Cover photo that accompan
Page 14 and 15:
likely present in subsurface sandst
Page 16 and 17:
hooking-tip interactions—using th
Page 18 and 19:
and sandstone, my co-authors—Moha
Page 20 and 21:
the hard data from which accurate p
Page 22 and 23:
Although the Aztec sandstone experi
Page 24 and 25:
Waterpocket Fault 36 o 26‘ N 0 1
Page 26 and 27:
Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic Quatern
Page 28 and 29:
3.3. Deformation The Aztec also has
Page 30 and 31:
There also are relatively high-angl
Page 32 and 33:
(e) (f) (c) 500µm compaction band
Page 34 and 35:
dihedral angle of 80° or more, and
Page 36 and 37:
5. Compaction band orientations Ori
Page 38 and 39:
n = 20 M n = 20 P n = 22 B n = 20 R
Page 40 and 41:
were encountered, giving the dihedr
Page 42 and 43:
Eichhubl et al., 2004) did not lend
Page 44 and 45:
P (a) (c) S P S Figure 1.10. Stereo
Page 46 and 47:
possible, and use these to better c
Page 48 and 49:
1.5(ρgz) (b) WEST Willow Tank Uppe
Page 50 and 51:
9. Acknowledgements My sincere than
Page 52 and 53:
The term compaction band (CB) was c
Page 54 and 55:
Pollard, 2002). The particular util
Page 56 and 57:
Hue-based image analysis using MATL
Page 58 and 59:
a direct genetic relationship (Hill
Page 60 and 61:
Compaction band fin Depositional be
Page 62 and 63:
suggests—that to first approximat
Page 64 and 65:
Porosity Porosity 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15
Page 66 and 67:
pore-clogging clay—due presumably
Page 68 and 69:
500 µm Figure 2.9. Electron backsc
Page 70 and 71:
(a) (b) σ 3 σ 1 x 3 x 1 x 1 (c) u
Page 72 and 73:
6. Elastic properties Despite a lon
Page 74 and 75:
Comparison of the two approaches es
Page 76 and 77:
term in (6a) and (6c) begins to dom
Page 78 and 79:
MPa MPa 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Page 80 and 81:
2002) and use a BEM approach (Crouc
Page 82 and 83:
MPa 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 −5 10
Page 84 and 85:
concentration of quartz plasticity
Page 86 and 87:
conducted on well-cemented sandston
Page 88 and 89:
~ 62 m compaction band trend 500µm
Page 90 and 91:
Sternlof et al. (2005) have suggest
Page 92 and 93:
2005). It consists of a long (infin
Page 94 and 95:
⎡ ∆ ⎤ ⎧ p 1 ∆ ⎛ M ⎞
Page 96 and 97:
which point the inelastic strain ha
Page 98 and 99:
they can exert significant effects
Page 100 and 101:
interact is inversely proportional
Page 102 and 103:
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.3. Typical
Page 104 and 105:
Viewed individually, CB traces tend
Page 106 and 107:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 4.7.
Page 108 and 109:
1973; Mardon, 1988; Peck et al., 19
Page 110 and 111:
undamaged host rock. That CBs canno
Page 112 and 113:
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
Page 114 and 115:
Normalized stress magnitude 3 2.5 2
Page 116 and 117:
helps to explain why the oblique ap
Page 118 and 119:
and ts = G·ds + H·dn (2) where tn
Page 120 and 121:
plastic compaction, as suggested by
Page 122 and 123:
To determine the sensitivity of pro
Page 124 and 125:
segments will self-correct to provi
Page 126 and 127:
6.3. Approaching tip interactions A
Page 128 and 129:
0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 −0.05 −0.1
Page 130 and 131:
0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 −0.05 −0.1
Page 132 and 133:
the hooking patterns commonly obser
Page 134 and 135:
(a) (b) (c) σ1 compaction band max
Page 136 and 137:
σ 3 σ 2 σ 1 Figure 4.24. Schemat
Page 138 and 139:
NV UT CA AZ Park Road Map Detail Pa
Page 140 and 141:
compaction band Figure 5.2. Typical
Page 142 and 143:
3. Computational method The methodo
Page 144 and 145:
compaction band A 5 mm A‘ compact
Page 146 and 147:
4. Application to the Aztec sandsto
Page 148 and 149:
Permeability (mD) 10 4 10 3 10 2 10
Page 150 and 151:
B‘ A‘ A c f m c m c f c f c f c
Page 152 and 153:
equivalent of the Aztec sandstone,
Page 154 and 155:
effective permeability represents a
Page 156 and 157:
NV UT CA AZ Park Road Map Detail Pa
Page 158 and 159:
Commonly from ~1 mm to ~1.5 cm in t
Page 160 and 161:
Although systematic arrays of DBs p
Page 162 and 163:
to 2 m, with both sets in a cross-h
Page 164 and 165:
y identical blocks all subject to t
Page 166 and 167:
contiguous areas. This type of char
Page 168 and 169: (0,b) n 3 (0,0) f 2 n 2 n 1 (a,0) (
Page 170 and 171: 6.1. Parallel Effective permeabilit
Page 172 and 173: By contrast, band-parallel effectiv
Page 174 and 175: Relative Effective Permeability 1.0
Page 176 and 177: (a) (b) (c) 0 meters 3 = 10-2 kb /k
Page 178 and 179: Though grossly systematic, anastomo
Page 180 and 181: 168
Page 182 and 183: 100 meters 5 meters NV UT CA AZ Par
Page 184 and 185: compaction band trend 500µm Figure
Page 186 and 187: Cover Outcrop Band N 100 meters 20
Page 188 and 189: (CBs) and the matrix rock in all si
Page 190 and 191: The finite volume discretization fo
Page 192 and 193: isotropic) can lead to numerical di
Page 194 and 195: 5. Simulations Three sets of 2-D si
Page 196 and 197: Normalized ∆P ∆P ratio (n/p) 4.
Page 198 and 199: P P P P I I P P Case 1 P P Case 2 I
Page 200 and 201: Case 1 Case 1 Case 1 (a) (b) (c) In
Page 202 and 203: 5.2.2. Discussion The elliptical pa
Page 204 and 205: 5.3.1. Results With the regional gr
Page 206 and 207: (a) (b) Leak 200 meters Regional gr
Page 208 and 209: anticipated sustainable pumping rat
Page 210 and 211: Finally, there is the issue of fore
Page 212 and 213: 200
Page 214 and 215: Bakke, S., and Øren, P. E., 1997,
Page 216 and 217: Carpenter, D. G., and Carpenter, J.
Page 220 and 221: Karimi-Fard, M., Durlofsky, L. J.,
Page 222 and 223: -, 1987, Fracture from a straight c
Page 224 and 225: Shipton, Z. K., and Cowie, P. A., 2
Page 226: Wong, T. F., David, C., and Zhu, W.
show all

structural geology, propagation mechanics and - Stanford School of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?