TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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I-16 Expenditures Summary of 1996 Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from the MiddleEast ........................................................ Average Annual Expenditures of Households by Income, 1998 ................... Facility Percentage of Trucks by Major Use and Primary Refueling Facility, 1997 .......... Percentage of Trucks by Fleet Size and Primary Refueling Facility, 1997 ........... Fatalities Federal Fines Fiscal Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle Type and Nonoccupant Fatalities, 1975-98 .......... Worldwide Federal Inventory, 1992-97 ...................................... Average Miles per Federal Vehicle by Vehicle Type, 1997 ...................... Federal Governrnent Vehicles by Agency, Fiscal Year 1997 ..................... Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitions by Fuel Type, FY 1997 ...................... Fuel Consumed by Federal Government Fleets, FY 1997 ........................ Tier 2 Federal Emission Standards ......................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightVehicles ...................................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks.. ...................................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTrucks.. ...................................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks.. ...................................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks.. ...................................................... Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightHeavyTrucks .................................................. Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Heavy Heavy Trucks ................................................. Federal Excise Taxes on Motor Fuels ....................................... Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Fines Collected, 1983-98 .............. Federal Government Vehicles by Agency, Fiscal Year 1997 ..................... Fixed . l-8 11-3 8-10 . 8-9 Fixed Automobile Operating Costs per Year, 1975-99 .......................... 5-16 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000 7-29 10-5 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-7 4-32 4-33 4-34 4-35 4-36 4-37 4-38 4-39 5-11 7-19 10-6
Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as of January 1,1999 ................................ 10-2 Fleet Vehicle Composition by Vehicle Type, 1991 .............................. 1 O-4 Average Length of Time Fleet Vehicles are Kept Before Sold to Others, 1991 ........ 1 O-4 Average Annual and Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel for Fleet Vehicles, 1991 ......... 1 O-4 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitions by Fuel Type, FY 1997 ....................... 1 O-7 Percentage of Trucks by Fleet Size and Primary Refueling Facility, 1997 ............. 8-9 Fleets Flow Fossil Freight Fuel Top Ten States with Fleets of Ten Vehicles or More, 1999 ....................... 10-3 Fuel Consumed by Federal Government Fleets, FY 1997 ......................... 1 O-7 Growth of Freight Activity in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys .............................................. 8- 12 Commodity Flow Survey Freight Activity, 1997 ............................... 8-l 3 World Fossil Fuel Potential ................................................. l-2 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1984-98 ............................................................. 3-6 Class I Railroad Freight Systems in the United States Ranked by Revenue Ton-Miles, 1998 ............................................................... 12-7 Summary Statistics for Class I Freight Railroads, 1970-98 ........................ 12-8 Intercity Freight Movement and Energy Use in the United States, 1998 ............. 2- 16 Energy Intensities of Freight Modes, 1970-98 ................................. 2- 17 Growth of Freight Activity in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys .............................................. 8- 12 Commodity Flow Survey Freight Activity, 1997 ............................... 8-13 World Fossil Fuel Potential ................................................. l-2 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitions by Fuel Type, FY 1997 ....................... 10-7 Fuel Consumed by Federal Government Fleets, FY 1997 ......................... 10-7 Energy Policy Act Purchase Requirements of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles .......o 1 O-8 Alternative Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1992-2000 ............................. 2- 11 U.S. Production and Imports of MTBE and Fuel Ethanol, 1978-99 ................. 2-12 Domestic Consumption of Transportation Energy by Mode and Fuel Type, 1998 ....... 2-6 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-l 1 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000 I-17
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Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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Page 274 and 275: B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277: B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
Page 278 and 279: B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281: FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283: B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285: B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320: Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 325 and 326: Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328: Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330: International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332: Material Matter Average Material Co
Page 333 and 334: Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
Page 335 and 336: Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
Page 337 and 338: Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
Page 339 and 340: Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342: Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
Page 343 and 344: s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346: Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348: Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350: Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351: Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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