TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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I-2 Acquisitions Act Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitions by Fuel Type, FY 1997 ....................... 1 O-7 Energy Policy Act Purchase Requirements of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles ........ 10-8 Activity Growth of Freight Activity in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys .............................................. 8 12 Commodity Flow Survey Freight Activity, 1997 ............................... 8-13 Advanced NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-l 1 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-12 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-17 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-19 U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium Goals for Electric Vehicle Batteries ............. 9-10 AIF Average Age of Vehicles by Household Vehicle Ownership, 1995 NPTS ........... 11-12 Average Annual Miles per Household Vehicle by Vehicle Age ................... 1 l- 13 Average Age of Automobiles and Trucks in Use, 1970-98 ........................ 6-l 0 Automobiles in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 1998 ............... 6-8 Truclts in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 1998 .................... 6-9 Agency Air Federal Government Vehicles by Agency, Fiscal Year 1997 ...................... 10-6 Summary Statistics for U.S. Domestic and International Certificated Route Air Carriers, 1970-98 ............................................................ 12-2 Total National Emissions of the Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector, 1998 .............. 4-2 California Air Resources Board Requirements for Meeting Emission Standards ....... 4-42 Alternative Energy Policy Act Purchase Requirements of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles ........ 10-8 Alternative Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1992-2000 ............................. 2-l 1 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-l 1 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-12 TRANSPORTA’UON ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000
Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-l 7 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-l 9 Conventional and Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations ........................... 7- 17 Estimates of Alternative Fuel Vehicles in Use, 1992-2000 ......................... 9-3 Estimates of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 1996, 1998, and 2000 ................. 9-4 Estimates of Heavy Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 1996, 1998, and 2000 ................ 9-5 Alternative Fuel Vehicles Available by Manufacturer, Model Year 2000 ............. 9-6 Number of Alternative Refuel Sites by State and Fuel Type, 1999 ................... 9-7 Amtrak Annual Area Summary Statistics for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), 1971-98 ........................................................... 12-11 Average Annual and Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel for Fleet Vehicles, 1991 ......... 10-4 Average Annual Miles per Vehicle by Household Vehicle Ownership, 1995 NPTS ... 11-12 Average Annual Miles per Household Vehicle by Vehicle Age ................... 1 l-l 3 Average Annual Expenditures of Households by Income, 1998 .................... 1 l-3 Average Annual Vehicle-Miles, Vehicle Trips and Trip Length per Household ....... 1 l-6 Average Annual Person-Miles Traveled (PMT), Person Trips and Trip Length per Household by Selected Trip Purposes ..................................... 1 l-7 National and Metropolitan Area Comparisons of Journey-to-Work Statistics, 1990 Census ............................................................ 11-16 Automobile Automobile Operating Cost per Mile, 1975-99 ................................. 5- 15 Fixed Automobile Operating Costs per Year, 1975-99 ........................... 5- 16 Automobile Scrappage and Survival Rates .................................... 6- 11 Automobile Survival Rates ................................................ 6- 12 Automobile Registrations for Selected Countries, 1950-96 ........................ 6-2 Average Material Consumption for a Domestic Automobile, 1978, 1985, and 1999 .... 7-l 5 New Retail Automobile Sales in the United States, 1970-98 ....................... 7-4 Automobiles Average Age of Automobiles and Trucks in Use, 1970-98 ........................ 6-l 0 Automobiles and Trucks in Use, 1970-98 ...................................... 6-5 Automobiles in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 1998 ............... 6-8 TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION~O-2000 I-3
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
Page 258 and 259: A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
Page 260 and 261: A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
Page 262 and 263: A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
Page 264 and 265: A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
Page 266 and 267: A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
Page 268 and 269: A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
Page 270 and 271: A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
Page 272 and 273: A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
Page 274 and 275: B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277: B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
Page 278 and 279: B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281: FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283: B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285: B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320: Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321 and 322: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324: Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326: Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328: Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330: International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332: Material Matter Average Material Co
Page 333 and 334: Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
Page 335 and 336: Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
Page 337 and 338: Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
Page 339 and 340: Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342: Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
Page 343 and 344: s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346: Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348: Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350: Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351: Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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