TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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7-22 wafw!eP Vehicle 198 8 Chevrolet Corsica 2,665 1994 Olds Cutlass Supreme 3,290 1994 Oldsmobile 88 3,433 1994 Mercury Villager 4,020 1995 Geo Prizm 2,359 1994 Jeep Grand Cherokee 3,820 1994 Chevrolet Pickup 4,020 1993 Subaru Legacy 2,800 1997 Toyota Celica 2,395 Table 7.20 Vehicle Specifications for Tested Vehicles Curb weight Engine 2.8 liter V6 3.4 liter V6 3.8 literV6 3 .O liter V6 1.6 liter I-4 4.0 liter I-6 5.7 liter V8 2.2 liter H4 1.8 liter 14 Fuel delivery system” PFI PFI PFI PFI PFI PFI TBI PFI PFI Transmission M5 L4 L4 L4 L3 L4 L4 L4 L4 EPA fuel economy City Highway Source: West, B.H., R.N. McGill, J.W. Hodgson, S.S. Sluder, and D.E. Smith, Development and Ver$cation oflight-Duty Modal Emissions and Fuel Consumption Vulues for Traffic Models, Washington, DC, April 1997 and additional project data, April 1998. a PFI = port fuel injection. TBI = throttle- body fuel injection. TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION~O-2000 19 17 19 17 26 15 14 22 27 29 26 29 23 30 20 18 29 34
I The two earlier studies by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) indicate maximum fuel efficiency was achieved at speeds of 35 to 40 mph. The recent FHWA study indicates greater fuel efficiency at higher speeds. Note that the 1973 study did not include light trucks. Table 7.21 Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973,1984, and 1997 (miles per gallon) Speed 1973” 1984” 1997’ (miles per hour) (13 vehicles) (15 vehicles) (9 vehicles) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 55-65 mph 12.4% 65-70 mph 8.0% 55-70 mph 19.5% d d d 21.1 21.1 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.5 17.5 16.2 14.9 d 21.1 25.5 30.0 31.8 33.6 33.6 33.5 31.9 30.3 27.6 24.9 22.5 20.0 Fuel economy loss 17.8% 9.6% 25.7% 24.4 27.9 30.5 31.7 31.2 31.0 31.6 32.4 32.4 31.4 29.2 26.8 24.8 9.7% 8.2% 17.1% Source: 1973- U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Highway Planning, The Effect of Speed on Automobile Gasoline Consumption Rates, Washington, DC, October 1973. 1984 -U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Fuel Consumption and Emission Values for Traffic Models, Washington, DC, May 1985. 1997 - West, B.H., R.N. McGill, J.W. Hodgson, S.S. Sluder, and D.E. Smith, Development and Verification ofLight-Duty ModalEmissions andFuel Consumption Valuesfor Traffic Models, FHWA Report (in press), Washington, DC, April 1997, and additional project data, April 1998. (Additional resources: wwwfhwa-tsiscom) “Model years 1970 and earlier automobiles. “Model years 1981-84 automobiles and light trucks. ‘Model years 1988-97 automobiles and light trucks. dData are not available. TRANSPORTATJONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION~O-2000 7-23
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
Page 121 and 122: - I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
Page 123 and 124: Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
Page 125 and 126: Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
Page 127 and 128: As of January 2000, only five state
Page 129 and 130: I In current dollars, import cars,
Page 131 and 132: I The total cost of operating an au
Page 133 and 134: Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
Page 135 and 136: Employees of motor vehicle and rela
Page 137 and 138: Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
Page 139 and 140: Year China India Japan France 1950
Page 141 and 142: 1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
Page 143 and 144: Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
Page 145 and 146: Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
Page 147 and 148: I Using current registration data a
Page 149 and 150: I Using current registration data a
Page 151 and 152: Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
Page 153 and 154: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 155 and 156: Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
Page 159 and 160: Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
Page 161 and 162: Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
Page 163 and 164: 0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
Page 165 and 166: I The average auto lost over 300pou
Page 167 and 168: I The number of conventional refuel
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
Page 171: Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
Page 175 and 176: Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
Page 177 and 178: I The New York Test Cycle was devel
Page 179 and 180: Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
Page 181 and 182: B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
Page 183 and 184: Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
Page 187 and 188: I These tables illustrate the diffe
Page 189 and 190: Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
Page 191 and 192: I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
Page 193 and 194: Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 195 and 196: Some,freight activities, such as pi
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Page 199 and 200: I There are more LPG vehicles in us
Page 201 and 202: Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
Page 203 and 204: This list includes public and priva
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
Page 207: The Partnership for a New Generatio
Page 210 and 211: . mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
Page 212 and 213: 1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
Page 214 and 215: 1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
Page 216 and 217: 10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
Page 218 and 219: . D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
Page 220 and 221: 11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
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General aviation - That portion of
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Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
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Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
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Petroleum inventories: The amounts
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Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
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Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
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Certification (continued) Cities Ci
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Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
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Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
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Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
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Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
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Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
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Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
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International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
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Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
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Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
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Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
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Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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