Glossary of Terms Related to the Archiving of Audiovisual ... - Unesco
Glossary of Terms Related to the Archiving of Audiovisual ... - Unesco
Glossary of Terms Related to the Archiving of Audiovisual ... - Unesco
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<strong>Glossary</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Terms</strong> <strong>Related</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Archiving</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Materials<br />
Prepared by a working group from <strong>the</strong> Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records<br />
Gerald Gibson, General Compiler and Edi<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Sven Aller strand, Transla<strong>to</strong>r Coordina<strong>to</strong>r<br />
© UNESCO<br />
NOTE:<br />
Pending <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Glossary</strong>, this preliminary version is made prepared for<br />
consultation. An updated version should be released by year end.<br />
Joie Springer<br />
Information Society Division<br />
UNESCO<br />
29 August 2001
a ---<br />
a and b wind printing {E} * A motion picture film technique<br />
for printing more than one roll <strong>of</strong> edited camera film on a<br />
single roll <strong>of</strong> raw s<strong>to</strong>ck. Scenes are alternated on separate<br />
rolls and are spaced with opaque leader: scene one on roll<br />
a, <strong>the</strong> first roll, scene two on roll b, <strong>the</strong> second roll. This<br />
technique produces splice free prints and can be<br />
expanded <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r special application rolls for soundtracks<br />
and special effects; also known as chequer-boarding. {D=<br />
?; Es= impresión bobinada A y B; F= tirage a et b}.<br />
a/b rolls {E} * A TV production process <strong>of</strong> assembling two<br />
reels <strong>of</strong> film or tape which are rolled synchronously,<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r through a video switcher or optical printer;<br />
dissolves are accomplished by going from one roll <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= bobinas A/B; F= bobines A/B}.<br />
a/b Test {D} * see a-b test {E}.<br />
a la manera de los cómics {Es} * see comic mode {E}.<br />
A {E} * acronym for ampere, amp.<br />
A reel {E} * A TV production technique in which <strong>the</strong> main<br />
source <strong>of</strong> video or film is designated as <strong>the</strong> "A" reel; see<br />
A/B roll; B reel. {D= ?; Es= bobina A; F= bobine A}.<br />
A/V Round Table {E} * see Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong><br />
Records; Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Media.<br />
à balayage lent {F} * see slow-scan {E}.<br />
à gain élevé {F} * see high-gain screen {E}.<br />
à l'endroit {F} * see heads out {E}.<br />
à l'envers (pieds dehors) {F} * see tails out {D;E}.<br />
à mise au point au<strong>to</strong>matique {F} * see au<strong>to</strong> focus {E}.<br />
à virgule flottante {F} * see floating point {E}.<br />
A-D {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital converter<br />
{E}; also known as AD.<br />
a-wind picture {E} * A manner <strong>of</strong> winding film or tape on<strong>to</strong><br />
a hub so that <strong>the</strong> coated surface faces <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> hub. In<br />
film media <strong>the</strong> image reads properly when viewed through<br />
<strong>the</strong> emulsion and projects properly with <strong>the</strong> base facing <strong>the</strong><br />
screen. A-wind prints are <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> contact printing from<br />
b-wind pre print. Used primarily in narrow-gauge original<br />
materials; see also b-wind picture. {D= ?; Es= filme de<br />
enrollado tipo a; F= film avec enroulement intérieur; type<br />
a}.<br />
a-wind printing {E} * see a and b wind printing.<br />
a-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck {E} * A manner <strong>of</strong> winding a 16 mm roll <strong>of</strong><br />
raw s<strong>to</strong>ck, perforated along only one edge, so that when<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film leaves <strong>the</strong> roll at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p and <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right<br />
<strong>the</strong> perforations are <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> observer. Such film is<br />
used for making contact prints and is not intended for use<br />
in <strong>the</strong> camera; see also b-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck.(09.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
filme virgen de enrollado tipo a; F= film vierge avec<br />
enroulement intérieur}.<br />
AAD {D;E} * acronym for analogue-analogue-digital; see<br />
also SPARS code.<br />
AB-test {E} * Direct quality control comparison <strong>of</strong> a signal<br />
accomplished by switching from one <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r track<br />
and/or set/piece <strong>of</strong> equipment.(50.) {D= A/B Test; Es=<br />
prueba [ensayo] AB; F= test AB}.<br />
ábaco {Es} * see nomograph {E;F}.<br />
abarquillado de la película {Es} * see buckle {E}.<br />
2<br />
abarquillamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see cockle/cockling {E}.<br />
abarquillamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see edge curl {E}.<br />
abaxial {E;Es} * Those parallel rays <strong>of</strong> light that are far<strong>the</strong>st<br />
from <strong>the</strong> optical axis <strong>of</strong> a lens; see also paraxial; spherical<br />
aberration. {D= ?; F= axial}.<br />
Abblende {D} * see fade {E}.<br />
abblenden {D} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.<br />
abendfüllender film {D} * see feature {E}.<br />
aberración cromática {Es} * see chromatic aberration {E}.<br />
aberración esférica {Es} * see spherical aberration {E}.<br />
aberration {E} * 1) An optical defect that prevents all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
light rays processed by <strong>the</strong> lens from being brought <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
same focal plane. 2) A defect in a cathode-ray tube, in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> focus field does not bring <strong>the</strong> electron beam <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> same point <strong>of</strong> sharp focus at all points on <strong>the</strong> screen<br />
{D;Es;F}.<br />
aberration chromatique {F} * see chromatic aberration {E}.<br />
aberration en barillet {F} * see barrel dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
aberration sphérique {F} * see spherical aberration {E}.<br />
abertura de máscara {Es} * see aperture (2)(3) {E}.<br />
abertura de objetivo {Es} * see aperture (1) {E}.<br />
abertura en iris {Es} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.<br />
abertura mecánica {Es} * see numerical aperture (NA) {E}.<br />
Abfärben {D} * see bleed {E}.<br />
Abgabe {D} * see transfer {E}.<br />
Abgabepflicht {D} * see legal deposit {E}.<br />
Abhör-kontroll-lautsprecher {D} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker {E}.<br />
Abhör-lautsprecher {D} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker {E}.<br />
abkappen {D} * see truncate {E}.<br />
Ablage {D} * see file; flat-filing {E}.<br />
Ablieferung {D} * see transfer {E}.<br />
abraquillado de película {Es} * see buckle {E}.<br />
abrasion marks {E} * Visible spots or fine black streaks on<br />
<strong>the</strong> support side or <strong>the</strong> emulsion surface <strong>of</strong> still and<br />
moving- image film that becomes evident in a negative<br />
after developing; usually caused by friction, rubs, pressure,<br />
or mishandling. {D= ?; Es= marcas de abrasión; F=<br />
marques d'abrasion; éraflure; rayure}.<br />
abrasiones {Es} * see abrasions {E;F}.<br />
abrasions {E;F} * 1) In film, a fine surface defect on<br />
processed film which does not penetrate <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film base;<br />
in magnetic tape materials, a fine surface defect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
emulsion which does not penetrate <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base. Abrasion<br />
generally results from moving contact with ano<strong>the</strong>r surface<br />
and does not fully remove <strong>the</strong> recording surface.(01.) 2)<br />
The material removed from film or tape as a result <strong>of</strong><br />
moving contact with ano<strong>the</strong>r surface. {D= Schrammen;<br />
Es= abrasiones}.<br />
abrasiveness {E} * A relative measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roughness<br />
and its effect on <strong>the</strong> wearing <strong>of</strong> equipment (i.e., magnetic
tape and its effect on <strong>the</strong> wearing <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape<br />
recorder head.)(04.) {D= abreibend; abrieb verursachend;<br />
Es= abrasividad; F= abrasivité}.<br />
abrasividad {Es} * see abrasiveness {E}.<br />
abrasivité {F} * see abrasiveness {E}.<br />
abreibend {D} * see abrasiveness {E}.<br />
Abrieb {D} * see loose debris {E}.<br />
Abrieb ablegerungen {D} * see buildup {E}.<br />
Abrieb verursachend {D} * see abrasiveness {E}.<br />
Abschrift {D} * see copy {E}.<br />
abschwächen {D} * see attenuate {E}.<br />
Abschwächung {D} * see attenuation {E}.<br />
absolute humidity {E} * A number which describes <strong>the</strong><br />
actual amount <strong>of</strong> water vapour present in a unit weight<br />
volume <strong>of</strong> dry air. It is usually expressed as fractional<br />
kilograms/pounds <strong>of</strong> water vapour per kilogram/pound <strong>of</strong><br />
dry air; see also relative humidity.33. {D= absolute<br />
Luftfeuchtigkeit; Es= humedad absoluta; F= humidité<br />
absolue}.<br />
absolute Luftfeuchtigkeit {D} * see absolute humidity {E}.<br />
Abstandsdämpfung {D} * see separation loss {E}.<br />
Absteckmarken {D} * see paper marks {E}.<br />
Abtasten {D} * see sampling {E}.<br />
Abtastfrequenz {D} * see aststrahl {D} * see scanning<br />
beam {E}.<br />
Abtast<strong>the</strong>orem {D} * see sampling <strong>the</strong>orem (Nyquist) {E}.<br />
Abweichung {D} * see uniformity {E}.<br />
Abwickelspule {D} * see feed reel {E}.<br />
Abzug {D} * see print {E}.<br />
acabado mate {Es} * see flat finish {E}.<br />
acabado plano {Es} * see flat finish {E}.<br />
Academy aperture {E} * The standard motion picture frame<br />
mask, an aspect ratio <strong>of</strong> 4:3 or 1.33:1, established by <strong>the</strong><br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; see also<br />
wide screen.(30.) {D= ?; Es= apertura de la Academia (de<br />
artes escénicas de los EEUU); F= fenêtre standard (1,37<br />
ou 1,33)}.<br />
Academy leader {E} * Standard 11-second 'countdown'<br />
leader placed at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> each separate reel <strong>of</strong><br />
motion picture film. Descending numbers, beginning with<br />
'11' and ending with '3', are spaced 1 foot apart with 3 feet<br />
<strong>of</strong> black leader following <strong>the</strong> '3' and preceding <strong>the</strong> first<br />
frame <strong>of</strong> image, established by <strong>the</strong> Academy <strong>of</strong> Motion<br />
Picture Arts and Sciences; see also changeover cue. {D=<br />
?; Es= guía [cabo] de entrada de la Academia (de artes<br />
escénicas de los EEUU); F= amorce "Academy"; amorce<br />
de départ standard; amorce normalisée}.<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Motion Picture Arts and Sciences {D;E;Es;F}<br />
* The U.S. group which, beginning in 1928, has awarded<br />
<strong>the</strong> Oscars, promoted <strong>the</strong> film industry within <strong>the</strong> United<br />
States, and supported film libraries and awards.10.<br />
acanaladura {Es} * see fluting {E}.<br />
3<br />
accelerated ageing {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> speeding up <strong>the</strong><br />
deterioration <strong>of</strong> materials <strong>to</strong> estimate <strong>the</strong>ir life expectancy<br />
and use characteristics. The specimen is usually exposed<br />
<strong>to</strong> controlled elevated temperature/s and humidity/ies.(07.)<br />
{D= beschleunigte Alterung; künstliche Alterung; Es=<br />
envejecimien<strong>to</strong> acelerado; F= vieillissement accéléré}.<br />
accelerated motion {E} * see fast motion.<br />
accélérateur {F} * see accelera<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
accélération du mouvement {F} * see fast motion<br />
(accelerated motion) {E}.<br />
accélération du mouvement {F} see fast motion<br />
(accelerated motion) {E}.<br />
accelera<strong>to</strong>r {E} * The alkali in a film developing solution<br />
that speeds development by making <strong>the</strong> gelatin porous in<br />
<strong>the</strong> emulsified mixture <strong>of</strong> gelatin and silver salts. {D= ?;<br />
Es= acelerador; F= accélérateur}.<br />
accéléré {F} * see fast forward {E}.<br />
accentuateur d'image {F} * see image enhancer {E}.<br />
accentuation {F} * see emphasis {E}.<br />
accentuation d'image {F} * see image enhancement {E}.<br />
accès {F} * see access {E}.<br />
accès à distance {F} * see remote access (computer files)<br />
{E}.<br />
accès aléa<strong>to</strong>ire {F} * see random access {E}.<br />
accès direct {F} * see direct access (computer files){E}.<br />
accès libre {F} * see unobstructed access {E}.<br />
accès par dérogation {F} * see clearance {E}.<br />
accesibilidad {Es} * see access {E}.<br />
accesibilidad {Es} * see access (1) {E}.<br />
acceso {Es} * see access {E}.<br />
acceso alea<strong>to</strong>rio {Es} * see random access {E}.<br />
acceso direc<strong>to</strong> (archivos de un ordenador) {Es} * see direct<br />
access (computer files) {E}.<br />
acceso libre {Es} * see unobstructed access {E}.<br />
access {E} * 1) A way or means <strong>of</strong> approach.51. 2) In<br />
broadcasting, <strong>the</strong> ability or right <strong>to</strong> use cable systems,<br />
usually <strong>to</strong> originate programming. 3) In general archival<br />
practice <strong>the</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> records/archives for consultation<br />
as a result both <strong>of</strong> legal authorization and <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong><br />
finding aids. 4) In au<strong>to</strong>matic or computer data, <strong>the</strong> method<br />
<strong>of</strong> placin; communicabilité; D= Zutrittsberechtigung; 1)<br />
Benutzbarkeit; 2) Zugriff; Es= 1) accesibilidad; 2) acceso;<br />
derecho de utilizar sistemas de cable; 3) disponibilidad de<br />
archivos}.<br />
access point {E} * A name, term, code, etc., under which<br />
a bibliographic record may be searched and identified; see<br />
also heading.03.12. {D= ?; Es= pun<strong>to</strong> de acceso; F= point<br />
d'accès}.<br />
access time {E} * The time interval for <strong>the</strong> pickup <strong>of</strong> a<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage device <strong>to</strong> locate and begin reading data from any<br />
point on <strong>the</strong> medium.(39.)deletion <strong>of</strong> an already recorded<br />
signal.(04.) 2) The demagnetization <strong>of</strong> an already recorded<br />
magnetic medium through accidental means, causing loss<br />
or degradation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded signal. This is usually<br />
brought about by mistakenly recording over a magnetized<br />
surface which had previously been recorded. It can, also,
e brought about by bringing an external magnetic field<br />
(dynamic microphones, headphones, loudspeakers, etc.)<br />
in<strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>o close contact with s<strong>to</strong>red magnetic media.(04.) {D=<br />
unabsichtlich Löschung; Es= borrado accidental; F=<br />
effacement accidentel}.<br />
acción {Es} * see shaving {E}.<br />
acción de mezclar {Es} * see mixing, mixage {E}.<br />
accionador de doble eje {Es} * see two-axis actua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
accompanying material {E} * Materials o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong><br />
principal form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item which are available with <strong>the</strong> item<br />
in hand and/or are intended <strong>to</strong> be used with it (e.g. <strong>the</strong> liner<br />
notes <strong>of</strong> a sound recording).(12.) {D= Begleitmaterial; Es=<br />
materiales concomitantes [de acompañamien<strong>to</strong>]; F=<br />
matériel d'accompagnement}.<br />
accrochage {F} * see echo {E}.<br />
accrochage {F} * see echo {E}.<br />
acelerado {Es} * see accelera<strong>to</strong>r; time-lapse pho<strong>to</strong>graphy<br />
{E}.<br />
acentuación de graves {Es} * see bass boost {E}.<br />
acentuación de las bajas frecuencias {Es} * see bass<br />
boost {E}.<br />
aceso a distancia (archivos de ordenador) {Es} * see<br />
remote access (computer files) {E}.<br />
acetate {E} * 1) A salt formed by <strong>the</strong> combination <strong>of</strong> acetic<br />
acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. 2) A<br />
commonly used synonym in <strong>the</strong> U.S. for a lacquer disc;<br />
see also cellulose acetate.51. {D= Azetat; Es= aceta<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
acétate}.<br />
acetate base {E} * A generic name for <strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong><br />
materials which are <strong>the</strong> more common supports <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic and film media <strong>to</strong> which various recording<br />
surfaces are attached. Most commonly used <strong>of</strong> this group<br />
were/are cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate.<br />
Cellulose triacetate, generally used for magnetic tape<br />
recordings prior <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wide acceptance <strong>of</strong> polyester, tends<br />
<strong>to</strong> break ra<strong>the</strong>r than stretch when subjected <strong>to</strong> excessive<br />
stress. Since breaks can be mended easily and cleanly,<br />
acetate backing <strong>of</strong>fers some insurance against<br />
mishandling, such as stretching. Mylar, a polyester,<br />
however, has superior qualities as a backing, and acetate<br />
is no longer used. In still pho<strong>to</strong>graphy and motion picture<br />
films, a base composed principally <strong>of</strong> cellulose diacetate<br />
or cellulose triacetate have been widely used for safety<br />
film.(07.) {D= Azetatträger; Azetatträgerbasis; Es= soporte<br />
de aceta<strong>to</strong>; F= support acétate}.<br />
acetate disc {E} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
acetate film {E} * A generic term used for safety film.07.<br />
{D= Azetatfilm; Sicherheitsfilm; Es= película de aceta<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
film acétate; film d'acétate; pellicule acétate; film non<br />
flam}.<br />
acétate {F} * see acetate {E}.<br />
acétate de cellulose {F} * see cellulose acetate {E}.<br />
acétate de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl acetate (PVA) {E}.<br />
aceta<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see acetate {E}.<br />
aceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa {Es} * see cellulose; cellulose acetate<br />
{E}.<br />
acetic acid {E} * 1) A chemical substance used by film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries during <strong>the</strong> film developing and fixing process;<br />
also used for bleaching, acetic acid is colourless and<br />
4<br />
smells like vinegar. Mixing readily with water, <strong>the</strong> corrosive<br />
liquid in its pure form becomes a solid at temperatures<br />
below 62°F. {D= Essigsäure; Es= ácido acético; F= acide<br />
acétique}.<br />
ace<strong>to</strong>na {Es} * see ace<strong>to</strong>ne {E}.<br />
ace<strong>to</strong>ne {E} * A highly flammable colourless solvent used<br />
as a thinner in film processing solutions that contain<br />
substances which do not dissolve readily when mixed with<br />
water. It is also used for thinning <strong>the</strong> film cement that is<br />
used in splicing motion picture film. {D= Aze<strong>to</strong>n; Es=<br />
ace<strong>to</strong>na; F= acé<strong>to</strong>ne}.<br />
acé<strong>to</strong>ne {F} * see ace<strong>to</strong>ne {E}.<br />
achromatic lens {E} * A lens made by combining elements<br />
made <strong>of</strong> crown glass and flint glass in order <strong>to</strong> reduce<br />
chromatic aberration.10. {D= achromatisch (lens); Es=<br />
acromático (lens); objetivo acromático; F= achromatique<br />
/(lens); objectif achromatique; lentille achromatique}.<br />
achromatisch (lens) {D} * see achromatic lens {E}.<br />
acid migration {E} * The transfer <strong>of</strong> acid from an acid<br />
material <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> less acidity when <strong>the</strong> two are s<strong>to</strong>red in<br />
contact with one ano<strong>the</strong>r.24. {D= Säurewanderung; Es=<br />
acidez por contagio; acidez por contagio; F= acidification<br />
par contact; migration d'acide}.<br />
acide acétique {F} * see acetic acid {E}.<br />
acide borique {F} * see boracic acid {E}.<br />
acide citrique {F} * see citric acid {E}.<br />
acide méthacrylique {F} * see methacrylic acid {E}.<br />
acide pyrogallique {F} * see pyrogallic acid 1:2:3 {E}.<br />
acidez {Es} * see acidity {E}.<br />
acidez por contagio {Es} * see acid migration {E}.<br />
acidificatioe acidity {E}.<br />
acidity {E} * A condition in which <strong>the</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong><br />
hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution exceeds that <strong>of</strong><br />
hydroxyl ions as determined by <strong>the</strong> pH value.24. {D=<br />
Säure; Säuregehalt; Es= acidez; F= acidité}.<br />
ácido acético {Es} * see acetic acid {E}.<br />
ácido bórico {Es} * see boracic acid {E}.<br />
ácido cítrico {Es} * see citric acid {E}.<br />
ácido metacrílico {Es} * see methacrylic acid {E}.<br />
ácido pirogálico {Es} * see pyrogallic acid 1:2:3 {E}.<br />
acondicionamien<strong>to</strong> (de señales) {Es} * see proc amp {E}.<br />
acondicionamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see arrangement (2);<br />
conditioning {E}.<br />
acoplado al sistema {Es} * see on-line {E}.<br />
acoplador {Es} * see coupler {E}.<br />
acoustic feedback {E} * see feedback.<br />
acoustic recording {E} * see acoustical recording.<br />
acoustical recording {E} * 1) The earliest commercially<br />
practical method <strong>of</strong> recording by causing sound waves fed<br />
<strong>to</strong> a recorder via a recording horn, <strong>to</strong> actuate a stylus<br />
attached <strong>to</strong> a diaphragm; used until replaced by electrical<br />
recording in <strong>the</strong> 1920s. The stylus bears on <strong>the</strong> recording
medium and mechanically engraves or embosses a<br />
soundtrack mimicking <strong>the</strong> sound waves; also called<br />
mechanical recording. 2) The artifact, usually a disc or<br />
cylinder, produced through this method.(04.) {D=<br />
akustische Aufnahme; Es= grabación acústica; F=<br />
enregistrement acoustique}.<br />
ACR {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Au<strong>to</strong>matic Cassette<br />
Recorder.<br />
acrílico {Es} * see acrylic {E}.<br />
Acromático [lens] {Es} * see achromatic lens {E}.<br />
acrylic {E} * 1) Relating <strong>to</strong> acrylic acid or its derivatives. 2)<br />
A paint in which <strong>the</strong> carrier is an acrylic resin. 3) A painting<br />
done with acrylic paints. {D= ?; Es= acrílico; F= acrylique}.<br />
acrylic resin {E} * A <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic made by polymerizing<br />
acrylic or methacrylic acid, or a derivative <strong>of</strong> same, and<br />
used for moulding, as adhesives, or as coatings and<br />
carriers for acrylic paints. {D= ?; Es= resina acrílica; F=<br />
résine acrylique}.<br />
acrylique {F} * see acrylic {E}.<br />
acteur (face à la caméra) {F} * see talent {E}.<br />
acteur {F} * see player {E}.<br />
activar {Es} * see sensitize {E}.<br />
activité {F} * see access {E}.<br />
actuación original {Es} * see original performance {E}.<br />
actual sound {E} * In moving-image productions, sound<br />
whose source is an object or person in <strong>the</strong> scene; see also<br />
commentative sound.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido natural; F=<br />
son naturel}.<br />
actualités {F} * see newsreel {E}.<br />
actualités filmées {F} * see newsreel {E}.<br />
actuateur deux axes (pho<strong>to</strong>) {F} * see two-axis actua<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{E}.<br />
acumulación de óxido {Es} * see oxide build-up {E}.<br />
acumulación de partículas magnéticas {Es} * see buildup<br />
(2) {E}.<br />
AD {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital converter<br />
{E}; also known as A-D {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
adaptación {Es} * see treatment {E}.<br />
adaptación cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica de una novela o guión {Es} *<br />
see screenplay {E}.<br />
adaptar {Es} * see conform {E}.<br />
adaptation{F} * see treatment {E}.<br />
adaptive delta modulation (ADM) {D;E} * A variation <strong>of</strong><br />
delta modulation in which <strong>the</strong> step size may vary from<br />
sample <strong>to</strong> sample.39. {D= adaptive delta Modulation; Es=<br />
modulación delta adaptable; F= modulation par codage<br />
delta adaptative}.<br />
adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM) {D;E} * A<br />
hybrid encoding technique that correlates successive data<br />
samples <strong>to</strong> adapt <strong>to</strong> changes in <strong>the</strong> signal.39. {Es=<br />
modulación de impulsos codificados delta adaptables; F=<br />
modulation par impulsion et codage différentiel adptative}.<br />
ADC {E} * acronym for analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital converter {E}.<br />
5<br />
ADD {E} * acronym for analogue-digital-digital; see SPARS<br />
code {E}.<br />
added entry {E} * An access point in addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> main<br />
entry by which an item is represented in a catalogue.(12.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= pun<strong>to</strong> de acceso adicional; F= point d'accès<br />
secondaire}.<br />
additif {F} * see additive {E}.<br />
additif au sénario sur pages bleues {F} * see blues {E}.<br />
additive {E} * Any material added <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tapes, still or motion picture film, or discs o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than <strong>the</strong> oxide and <strong>the</strong> binder resins; such additives are<br />
intended <strong>to</strong> foster specific desired effects, such as<br />
lessening friction or plasticizing <strong>the</strong> binder, retarding fungal<br />
growth, or making <strong>the</strong> coating conductive; see also<br />
plasticizer.(04.) {D= Zusatz; Bearbeitung; Es= aditivo; F=<br />
additif}.<br />
additive colour {E} * In film production, colour mixture by<br />
<strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> light <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three primaries, red, green, and<br />
blue.09. {D= Farbadition; Bearbeitung (colour); Es= aditivo<br />
(colour); color aditivo; F= couleurs primaires additives;<br />
synthèse additive (couleur); primaires additives; additif}.<br />
additive colour primaries {E} * The luminance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
additive primary colours Red, Green, & Blue and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
electrical analogue values are <strong>the</strong> basic parameters <strong>of</strong><br />
colour television. A consequence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trichromatic <strong>the</strong>ory<br />
<strong>of</strong> colour is that <strong>the</strong> hue and saturation <strong>of</strong> most colours can<br />
be duplicated by combining three primary colours in <strong>the</strong><br />
proper ratio. {D= ?; Es= colores primarios aditivos; F=<br />
couleurs primaires additives}.<br />
additive colour process {E} * see additive printing.<br />
additive printing {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> printing in colour motion<br />
-picture film processing in which three separate light<br />
sources are combined <strong>to</strong> form <strong>the</strong> light source which<br />
exposes <strong>the</strong> film. Modern additive printers separate white<br />
light from a tungsten-halogen bulb in<strong>to</strong> its red, green, and<br />
blue components by using a set <strong>of</strong> dichroic mirrors (i.e.,<br />
mirrors which can be made <strong>to</strong> give sharp cut<strong>of</strong>fs at<br />
specified wavelengths and high efficiency in regions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
spectrum <strong>the</strong>y are intended <strong>to</strong> reflect) and filters <strong>to</strong> give <strong>the</strong><br />
required spectral bands. The red, green, and blue beams<br />
are recombined and focused at <strong>the</strong> printing aperture; also<br />
called additive colour printing and additive process; see<br />
also subtractive printing.(09.) {D= additives Farbverfahren;<br />
Es= procedimen<strong>to</strong> de colores por síntesis aditiva; F= tirage<br />
additif; développement des couleurs par synthèse additive;<br />
procédé de couleurs par synthèse additive}.<br />
additive process {E} * see additive printing.<br />
additives Farbverfahren {D} * see additive printing {E}.<br />
address {E;F} * 1) A location indica<strong>to</strong>r, such as a label,<br />
number, or name, that designates a particular location <strong>of</strong><br />
an item or a piece <strong>of</strong> information. 2) In computer data,<br />
coded representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> origin or destination <strong>of</strong><br />
data.(46.39.) 3) With Time Code, each video frame is<br />
identified with a unique number called its address. {D=<br />
Lagersignatur; Es= dirección; F= location; adresse}.<br />
adhérence (bande magnétique) {F} * see sticktion {E}.<br />
adhérence {F} * see anchorage {E}.<br />
adhérence couche à couche {F} * see layer-<strong>to</strong>-layer<br />
adhesion {E}.<br />
adhérence de spires {F} * see laminate adhesion {E}.<br />
adherencia (cinta magnética) {Es} * see sticktion {E}.<br />
adherencia entre vueltas (consecutivas) {Es} * see layer-
<strong>to</strong>-layer adhesion {E}.<br />
adhésif {F} * see adhesive {E}.<br />
adhésifs acétate de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl acetate<br />
adhesives {E}.<br />
adhesive {E} * A general term for several different<br />
substances capable <strong>of</strong> bonding materials <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r by<br />
chemical or mechanical action, or both, and which may be<br />
activated by water, nonaqueous solvents, pressure, heat,<br />
cold, or o<strong>the</strong>r means. The various groups <strong>of</strong> this family<br />
may be classified by temperature (hot, cold, intermediate,<br />
room temperature setting, etc.), by type <strong>of</strong> solvent (water,<br />
alcohol, etc.), type <strong>of</strong> application (brush, roller, spray, etc.),<br />
or by origin (animal, vegetable, or syn<strong>the</strong>tic). They may be<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r classified as syn<strong>the</strong>tic (resin) or natural; see also<br />
animal glue; cold-setting adhesive; glue; hot-melt<br />
adhesive; methyl cellulose; polyvinyl acetate adhesive;<br />
starch paste.(45.) {D= Klebst<strong>of</strong>f; Es= adhesivo; F=<br />
adhésif}.<br />
adhesive splice {E} * see butt splice.<br />
adhesive tape {E} * see pressure sensitive tape.<br />
adhesivo {Es} * see adhesive; binder {E}.<br />
adhesivo de endurecimien<strong>to</strong> en frío {Es} * see cold-setting<br />
adhesive {E}.<br />
adhesivos de aceta<strong>to</strong> polivinílico {Es} * see polyvinyl<br />
acetate adhesives {E}.<br />
adhesivos de fusión en caliente {Es} * see hot-melt<br />
adhesives {E}.<br />
adición de música y efec<strong>to</strong>s de sonido a una grabación<br />
{Es} * see sweetening {E}.<br />
aditivo (colour) {Es} * see additive colour {E}.<br />
aditivo {Es} * see additive {E}.<br />
ADMTH {E} * acronym for adaptive delta modulation.<br />
adovelamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see keys<strong>to</strong>ning {E}.<br />
ADPCM {E} * acronym for adaptive delta pulse code<br />
modulation.<br />
adresse {F} * see address {E;F}.<br />
AEG Kern {D} * see DIN hub {E}.<br />
aerial pho<strong>to</strong>graph {E} * 1) Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy made from a<br />
predetermined altitude and in accordance with a plan and<br />
scale.22. 2) A still or moving-image shot taken from<br />
overhead, such as from a helicopter, plane, or crane; see<br />
also crane shot. {D= Luftaufnahme; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>grafía aérea;<br />
F= pho<strong>to</strong>graphie aérienne}.<br />
AES {E} * acronym for Audio Engineering Society.<br />
AES/EBU digital interface {E} * An electronic bridge<br />
between data recorded as specified by standards from <strong>the</strong><br />
Audio Engineering Society and <strong>the</strong> European Broadcasters<br />
Union. {D= AES/EBU digitale Schnittstelle; AES/EBU<br />
Schnittstelle; Es= interfaz digital AES/EBU; F= interface<br />
numérique AES/UER}.<br />
AES/EBU digitale schnittstelle {D} * see AES/EBU digital<br />
interface {E}.<br />
AES/EBU schnittstelle {D} * see AES/EBU digital interface<br />
{E}.<br />
AFC {E;Es;F} * acronym for au<strong>to</strong>matic frequency control.<br />
6<br />
{D= ?; Es= ?}.<br />
afeitado {Es} * see shaving {E}.<br />
affaiblissement {F} * see attenuation; droop {E}.<br />
affaiblissement des hautes fréquences {F} * see high<br />
frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f {E}.<br />
affichage à cristaux liquides (LCD) {F} * see liquid crystal<br />
display (LCD) {E}.<br />
affiche {F} * see poster {E}.<br />
afterimage {E} * see also tail {E}.<br />
AGC {E;Es;F} * acronym for au<strong>to</strong>matic gain control. {D= ?;<br />
Es= ?}.<br />
ageing {E} * The natural degradation <strong>of</strong> materials. Ageing<br />
is influenced by <strong>the</strong> environment in which materials are<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red and, also, by <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> respective materials<br />
and/or <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir raw components.(24.) {D= Alterung;<br />
näturliche Alterung; Es= envejecimien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
vieillissement}.<br />
agence de catalogue {F} * see cataloguing agency {E}.<br />
agencia de catalogación {Es} * see cataloguing agency<br />
{E}.<br />
agent antifongique {F} * see antifungus agent {E}.<br />
agent antipoudrette {F} * see antibloom agent {E}.<br />
agent réducteur {F} * see reducer {E}.<br />
agente antipolvo {Es} * see antibloom agent {E}.<br />
agente reduc<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see reducer {E}.<br />
agente tensoactivo {Es} * see surfactant {E}.<br />
agitación {Es} * see agitation {E;F}.<br />
agitation {E;F} * The action which keeps <strong>the</strong> developer,<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p bath, or fixer in motion while processing film, thus<br />
helping <strong>to</strong> speed and achieve even solution action and<br />
prevent mottle, spotting, or staining on <strong>the</strong> finished<br />
product.(01.) {D= ?; Es= agitación}.<br />
aglomerante {Es} * see binder {E}.<br />
agrandissement {F} * see blow-up; enlargement; enlarging<br />
paper; magnification {E}.<br />
agrandissement d'image {F} * see image expansion {E}.<br />
aguatinta {Es} * see aquatint {E}.<br />
aguja de lectura ( discos fonográficos) {Es} * see stylus<br />
{E}.<br />
agujero {Es} * see hole {E}.<br />
agujero negro {Es} * see black hole {E}.<br />
agujeros de arrastre {Es} * see drive holes {E}.<br />
AIE {F} * see EIA {E}.<br />
AIIM {E} * acronym for Association for Information and<br />
Image Management {E}.<br />
aimant mobile {F} * see moving-image materials; moving<br />
magnet {E}.<br />
air bells {E} * Undeveloped spots on pho<strong>to</strong>graphic
materials (negatives or positives) caused by air bubbles<br />
formed because <strong>of</strong> poor agitation during <strong>the</strong> working cycle<br />
in film processing. The bubbles prevent good contact<br />
between <strong>the</strong> developer and <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic material.01.<br />
{D= ?; Es= burbujas de aire; F= bulles}.<br />
air check {E} * A sound recording made from a radio<br />
broadcast by means <strong>of</strong> a radio receiver.04. {D= ?; Es=<br />
prueba de emisión (por radio); F= enregistrement témoin;<br />
test aérien}.<br />
air drying {E} * The drying <strong>of</strong> moist materials in a current <strong>of</strong><br />
air at room or elevated temperatures, as distinguished<br />
from drying by contact with heat. Air drying reduces<br />
stresses on some materials, such as paper, o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
imposed while drying.(24.) {D= Lufttrocknung; Es= oreo;<br />
F= séchage par jet d'air; séchage par ventilation}.<br />
air-layer effect {E} * In video production, a problem that is<br />
encountered at extremely fast shuttle speeds in which <strong>the</strong><br />
video tape is moving so fast that a thin layer <strong>of</strong> air lifts <strong>the</strong><br />
tape <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> heads, causing <strong>the</strong> Time Code Reader <strong>to</strong><br />
receive false information. {D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong> de la capa de<br />
aire; F= effet de coussin d'air}.<br />
aire couverte {F} * see footprint {E}.<br />
aisle {E} * A subsidiary passage between rows <strong>of</strong> shelving<br />
leading <strong>to</strong> a gangway and affording access <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
shelves.22. {D= Gang; Nebengang; Es= pasillo lateral; F=<br />
allée; allée de desserte}.<br />
ajuste cenital (zenith) {Es} * see zenith adjustment {E}.<br />
ajuste de fase {Es} * see phasing {E}.<br />
ajuste de volumen {Es} * see volume set {E}.<br />
ajuste del control de entrada {Es} * see ride {E}.<br />
ajuste exac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see tracking (1) {D;E}.<br />
ajustement de la distance focale {F} * see focus pull {E}.<br />
ajustement zénith {F} * see zenith adjustment {E}.<br />
Akklimatisierung {D} * see conditioning {E}.<br />
Aktenband {D} * see file; folder {E}.<br />
Aktendeckel {D} * see folder {E}.<br />
Aktengruppe {D} * see file {E}.<br />
Aktenheft {D} * see file; folder {E}.<br />
Aktenserie {D} * see file {E}.<br />
Aktenvernichtung {D} * see destruction {E}.<br />
akustische aufnahme {D} * see acoustical recording {E}.<br />
Akzentuierung {D} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)<br />
{D;E}.<br />
al amoníaco {Es} * see ammonia process {E}.<br />
ala {Es} * see flange {E}.<br />
alabeo {Es} * see warp {E}.<br />
alabeo en forma de silla de montar (discos fonográficos)<br />
{Es} * see saddle warp {E}.<br />
alargamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see stretch (2) {E}.<br />
alargamien<strong>to</strong> permanente {Es} * see permanent elongation<br />
{E}.<br />
7<br />
album {E;Es;F} * 1) for sound recordings, a container for<br />
records, or a container with one or more records. Prior <strong>to</strong><br />
long-playing (Lp) microgroove records in 1948, recordings<br />
containing multiple discs sets were frequently sold in booklike<br />
containers albums with sleeves or envelopes for each<br />
individual record. Empty albums <strong>of</strong> varying numbers <strong>of</strong><br />
sleeves and <strong>of</strong> differing sizes were also sold <strong>to</strong> afford<br />
better appearance and protection for individual records,<br />
which were generally sold in comparatively flimsy paper<br />
sleeves. Some early long-playing, multiple record sets<br />
were issued in albums, but most such sets have been<br />
issued in various types <strong>of</strong> inner sleeves inserted in boxes<br />
or slipcases. Starting around 1950 <strong>the</strong> word 'album' has<br />
increasingly come <strong>to</strong> be used for multiple-disc sets.(04.) 2)<br />
For still-images, a container for mounting pho<strong>to</strong>graphs <strong>to</strong><br />
afford protection and better organization. {D=<br />
Plattenumschlag; Album}.<br />
album {F} * see set {E}.<br />
album/boîte original {F} * see original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
container) {E}.<br />
album number {E} * The manufacturer's/producer's issue-,<br />
catalogue-, order-number for most multiple disc sets.<br />
Though most generally associated with 78-RPM era<br />
multiple disc sets, <strong>the</strong> term is also used for post-78-RPM<br />
single and multiple disc packages. For multiple-disc sets,<br />
<strong>the</strong> album number is used instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> individual record<br />
issue numbers for ordering purposes in most but by no<br />
means all cases. Also, during <strong>the</strong> 78-RPM era, particularly<br />
in Europe, even major manufacturers did not always<br />
assign album/set numbers <strong>to</strong> multiple records or use <strong>the</strong>m<br />
in albums; see also issue number.(04.) {D=<br />
Albumnummer; Es= número del catálogo del album ; F=<br />
numéro de catalogue de l'album}.<br />
Album {D} * see album {E}.<br />
álbum original {Es} * see original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
container) {E}.<br />
albumen emulsion {E} * A still-image carrier consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
a coated, light-sensitive layer in which <strong>the</strong> medium is a<br />
complex protein (egg white). Examples include prin<strong>to</strong>ut<br />
paper, lantern slides, and glass plate negatives.(42.) {D=<br />
?; Es= emulsión de albúmina; F= émulsion d'albumen}.<br />
Albumnummer {D} * see album number {E}.<br />
álcali {Es} * see alkali {E}.<br />
álcali {Es} * see alkali {E}.<br />
alcalin {F} * see alkaline; buffering {E}.<br />
alcalino (-a) {Es} * see alkaline {E}.<br />
alcance {Es} * see extent {E}.<br />
alcance visual {Es} * see visual range {E}.<br />
alcohol spot-test {E} * A test using a swab <strong>to</strong> apply a drop<br />
<strong>of</strong> ethyl alcohol <strong>to</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsion. The outcome<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> test is one means <strong>of</strong> determining <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong><br />
emulsion; see also water spot-test.42. {D= ?; Es= prueba<br />
sobre una superficie con alcohol; F= test de contact à<br />
l'alcool}.<br />
alea<strong>to</strong>ry filming {E} * Moving-image production technique<br />
which utilizes chance conditions and probability. images<br />
are not planned in advance; <strong>the</strong> cameraman must<br />
compose on <strong>the</strong> spot.(30.) {D= ?; Es= filmación alea<strong>to</strong>ria;<br />
F= <strong>to</strong>urnage aléa<strong>to</strong>ire; prise de vues aléa<strong>to</strong>ires}.<br />
aleteo {Es} * see flagging, flag-waving {E}.<br />
alfa {Es} * see alpha {E}.
alfa-celulosa {Es} * see alpha-cellulose {E}.<br />
alfiler (de contac<strong>to</strong>) {Es} * see pin {E}.<br />
algorithm {E} * A sequence <strong>of</strong> steps needed <strong>to</strong> perform a<br />
given task.(39.) {D= Algorithmus; Es= al<strong>to</strong>ritmo; F=<br />
algorithme}.<br />
algorithmes de compression/décompression {F} * see<br />
compression/decompression algorithms {E}.<br />
Algorithmus {D} * see algorithm {E}.<br />
algoritmo {Es} * see algorithm {E}.<br />
algoritmos de compresión-descompresión {Es} * see<br />
compression/decompression algorithms {E}.<br />
alias {E;Es;F} * Something o<strong>the</strong>r than what it appears <strong>to</strong><br />
be. Stairsteps on what should be a smooth diagonal line<br />
are an example <strong>of</strong> a spatial alias; wagon wheels appearing<br />
<strong>to</strong> move backwards are an example <strong>of</strong> a temporal alias.<br />
Aliases are caused by inadequate sampling rates and can<br />
be reduced or eliminated by ei<strong>the</strong>r increasing <strong>the</strong> sampling<br />
rate or by prefiltering, with <strong>the</strong> latter possibly producing<br />
what, in visual documents, appears as a blur.(07.) {D= ?;<br />
F= autrement dit; fréquence de repliement}.<br />
aliasing {D;E} * 1) In digital audio recording, unwanted<br />
frequencies created when sampling a signal <strong>of</strong> a frequency<br />
higher than half <strong>the</strong> sampling rate; see also Nyquist<br />
frequency.(39.) 2) The formation <strong>of</strong> spurious signals as <strong>the</strong><br />
result <strong>of</strong> a beat between <strong>the</strong> sampling rate and signal<br />
frequency components; also referred <strong>to</strong> as 'moire'. {D= ?;<br />
Es= 1) creación de frecuencias no deseadas; 2)<br />
solapamien<strong>to</strong>; F= repliement; crénelage}.<br />
alignement (faisceaux d'électrons) {F} * see registration<br />
{E}.<br />
alignement (images animées) {F} * see registration {E}.<br />
alignement {F} * see alignment; tracking {D;E}.<br />
alignement des têtes {F} * see head alignment {E}.<br />
aligner {F} * see register {E}.<br />
alignment {E} * For tape recorders, <strong>the</strong> correct adjustment<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape head position with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic<br />
tape's path, and also adjustment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorder's<br />
electronics for <strong>the</strong> best frequency response.04. {D=<br />
Einmessung; Es= alineación; F= alignement; réglage}.<br />
alignment tape {E} * A special tape recording used in<br />
aligning and calibrating tape recorders. The alignment tape<br />
contains test <strong>to</strong>nes at specified frequencies; also known as<br />
test or calibration tape.(04.) {D= Testband; Meßband;<br />
Bezugsband; Es= cinta de alineación; F= bande<br />
d'alignement; bande de réglage}.<br />
alimentation électrique {F} * see power supply {E}.<br />
alimentation en courant {F} * see power supply {E}.<br />
alineación {Es} * see alignment {E}.<br />
alineación de la cabeza {Es} * see head alignment {E}.<br />
alineamien<strong>to</strong> azimutal {Es} * see azimuth adjustment {E}.<br />
alkali {D;E;F} * Any base substance with a pH above 7.0<br />
and capable <strong>of</strong> neutralizing Acids.44. Alkalies are used in<br />
adhesives, and in deacidifying and buffering paper<br />
products. The most common buffers are magnesium<br />
carbonate and calcium carbonate; see also alkalarch {Es=<br />
álcali}.<br />
alkaline {E} * A designation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> acid content <strong>of</strong> a<br />
8<br />
substance using <strong>the</strong> pH scale <strong>of</strong> 0 <strong>to</strong> 17. The neutral point<br />
is 7.0. Paper with a pH above 7.0 is alkaline. Most paper<br />
products used in alkaline-buffered paper conservation<br />
contain an alkaline buffer <strong>to</strong> guard against future acid<br />
formation by absorption <strong>of</strong> air pollutants.32. {D= alkalisch;<br />
Es= alcalino (-a); F= alcalin}.<br />
alkalisch {D} * see alkaline {E}.<br />
Alkalische {D} * see alkaline reserve {E}.<br />
allée {F} * see aisle {E}.<br />
allée de desserte {F} * see aisle {E}.<br />
allongement étirement{F} * see stretch {E}.<br />
allongement résiduel {F} * see permanent elongation {E}.<br />
almacén {Es} * see magazine {E;Es;F}; s<strong>to</strong>rage; vault {E}.<br />
almacenador de imagen {Es} * see image s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> óptico borrable {Es} * see erasable<br />
optical s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
almohadilla de montaje {Es} * see edit block {E}.<br />
almohadilla para prensar {Es} * see pressure pad {E}.<br />
almohadilla prensadora {Es} * see pressure pad {E}.<br />
alpha (enroulement alpha) {F} * see alpha {E}.<br />
alpha {E} * A descriptive term for a videotape format in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> magnetic tape wraps around <strong>the</strong> spinning head<br />
drum in a way that approximates <strong>the</strong> Greek letter alpha.<br />
The o<strong>the</strong>r methods <strong>of</strong> tape wrap are Omega, field per<br />
scan, or segmented scan. {D= ?; Es= alfa; F= alpha<br />
(enroulement alpha)}.<br />
alpha-cellulose {E} * A form <strong>of</strong> cellulose derived from<br />
cot<strong>to</strong>n. Alpha-cellulose consists principally <strong>of</strong> cellulose.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> permanence <strong>of</strong> cellulose materials depends<br />
somewhat on <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> non-cellulosic impurities, <strong>the</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> alpha-cellulose in paper or board is an<br />
indication <strong>of</strong> its stability and permanence.45. {D= ?; Es=<br />
alfa-celulosa; F= cellulose alpha}.<br />
alta frecuencia {Es} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.<br />
alta resolución {Es} * see high resolution {E}.<br />
altavoz {Es} * see loudspeaker; loudspeaker; speaker (1)<br />
{E}.<br />
altavoz de agudos {Es} * see tweeter {E}.<br />
altavoz en forma de trompa (gramófonos) {Es} * see<br />
reproducing horn {E}.<br />
altavoz moni<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker {E}.<br />
altavoz para graves {Es} * see wo<strong>of</strong>er {E}.<br />
altavoz reflec<strong>to</strong>r de bajos {Es} * see bass reflex speaker<br />
enclosure {E}.<br />
alternative title {E} * The second part <strong>of</strong> a title proper that<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> two parts, each <strong>of</strong> which is a title. The parts are<br />
joined by <strong>the</strong> word 'or' or its equivalent; see also variant<br />
title.(12.) {D= ?; Es= título alternativo; F= titre altérnatif}.<br />
alterung {D} * see ageing {E}.<br />
al<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p {D;E}.
al<strong>to</strong> contraste {Es} * see high contrast {E}.<br />
al<strong>to</strong>ritmo {Es} * see algorithm {E}.<br />
altura (de un sonido) {Es} * see pitch (3) {E}.<br />
alum {E} * see ammonium alum; chrome alum; potash<br />
alum.<br />
alum d'ammonium {F} * see ammonium alum {E}.<br />
alumbrado del estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.<br />
alumbre amónico {Es} * see ammonium alum {E}.<br />
alumbre de cromo {Es} * see chrome alum {E}.<br />
aluminio potásico {Es} * see potash alum {E}.<br />
aluminium disc {E} * An uncoated instantaneous audio<br />
recording in which <strong>the</strong> grooves containing <strong>the</strong> signal are<br />
cut directly in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> metal base. Recording is accomplished<br />
by indentation recording, not engraving, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> analogue<br />
signal in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> precut grooves; playback is usually<br />
accomplished with shaved wood, fibre or cactus needles.<br />
Aluminium discs were frequently used in recording before<br />
<strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> acetate discs and magnetic tape; see<br />
also indentation recording.(04.) {D= Aluminumplatte; Es=<br />
disco de aluminio; F= disque aluminium}.<br />
aluminium screen {E} * A highly reflective motion picture<br />
screen originally designed for een reappeared with <strong>the</strong><br />
advent <strong>of</strong> 3d projections. This type <strong>of</strong> screen, usually<br />
coated with aluminium flakes, gives sharp definition and<br />
good colour separation as it effectively reflects polarized<br />
light from each projec<strong>to</strong>r in a definite direction. They<br />
cannot be used successfully in wide <strong>the</strong>atres where much<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audience may be seated at a position that is more<br />
than 30 degrees from <strong>the</strong> projection axis. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pantalla de aluminio; F= écran aluminium}.<br />
Aluminumplatte {D} * see aluminium disc {E}.<br />
AM {E} * acronym for amplitude modulation.<br />
Amberol Cylinder {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for a<br />
standard size, moulded black wax cylinder sound<br />
recording with 200 TPI with a maximum playing time <strong>of</strong> 4<br />
minutes 45 sec Company from Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1908 in<strong>to</strong> 1913.<br />
They overlap with <strong>the</strong>ir replacement, <strong>the</strong> Blue Amberol<br />
cylinder, from 1912 in<strong>to</strong> 1913. The title end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cylinder<br />
was flat, with identification in white lettering --or yellow or<br />
blue for celebrity artists-- stamped in<strong>to</strong> it. When introduced<br />
this cylinder was generally acknowledged <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong><br />
longest playing time <strong>of</strong> any sound recording on <strong>the</strong> market;<br />
<strong>to</strong> play <strong>the</strong> Amberol cylinder required ei<strong>the</strong>r special<br />
equipment, including a sapphire reproducer, or special<br />
modification, called a combination attachment, for <strong>the</strong><br />
regular equipment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day. Amberol cylinders were<br />
originally packed in individual felt-lined green boxes, or<br />
blue or maroon boxes for <strong>the</strong> celebrity series.(14.)<br />
ambiance {F} * see ambience {E}.<br />
ambience {E} * 1) In audio, <strong>the</strong> acoustical characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> an environment; room that lack ambience are said <strong>to</strong> be<br />
dead.(04.39.) 2) In images, <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light;<br />
see ambient light.(35.) {D= ?; Es= ambiente; F=<br />
ambiance}.<br />
ambient light {E} * 1) The surrounding light or <strong>the</strong> light<br />
normally present in a room. 2) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>the</strong> general<br />
level <strong>of</strong> illumination surrounding an object or available in a<br />
location.01. {D= ?; Es= iluminación ambiental; F= lumière<br />
ambiant; lumière d'ambiance}.<br />
ambient noise {E} * The average amount <strong>of</strong> noise in an<br />
environment, measured in deciBels.04. {D=<br />
9<br />
Umgebungslärm; Es= ruido ambiente; F= bruit ambiant}.<br />
ambient temperature {E} * The temperature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium<br />
(air, water, etc.) that surrounds and contacts an object. {D=<br />
?; Es= temperatura ambiental; F= température ambiante}.<br />
ambiente {Es} * see ambience {E}.<br />
ambiente operativo {Es} * see operating environment {E}.<br />
amélioration {F} * see sweetening {E}.<br />
American Film Institute (AFI) {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S. society<br />
concerned with moving-images.<br />
American Library Association (ALA) {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional society concerned with libraries.<br />
American Standard Code for Information Interchange<br />
(ASCII) {D;E;Es;F} * A standard data transmission code<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> seven information bits and one parity bit.<br />
(ASCII is pronounced as-kee).39.<br />
Amertape {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for sound<br />
recordings made by embossing fine grooves on<strong>to</strong> 50 foot<br />
belts <strong>of</strong> clear 35 mm acetate film; used by <strong>the</strong> U.S. military<br />
from 1945 <strong>to</strong> 1950 for field recordings.(04.)<br />
amidol {E;Es;F} * A colourless crystalline powder used<br />
chiefly as a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic developer. Soluble in water, <strong>the</strong><br />
powder should be s<strong>to</strong>red in airtight containers as it turns<br />
brown when exposed <strong>to</strong> air. The solution is unstable and<br />
should be mixed just before it is used. {D= ?}.<br />
ammonia process {E} * A dry process for <strong>the</strong> development<br />
<strong>of</strong> diazo pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials by immersion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
exposed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic material in a concentrated<br />
atmosphere <strong>of</strong> ammonia.(13.) {D= ?; Es= proceso amónico<br />
[al amoníaco]; F= procès ammoniaque; traitement à<br />
l'ammoniaque}.<br />
ammonium alum {E} * A white crystalline salt used by film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries in fixing baths for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> hardening<br />
and clearing <strong>the</strong> film emulsion. It dissolves rapidly in water<br />
and can be used in place <strong>of</strong> potash alum in fixing baths.<br />
{D= ?; Es= alumbre amónico ; F= alum ammoniaque; alum<br />
d'ammonium}.<br />
ammonium bromide {E} * A white crystalline powder that is<br />
used as a warm <strong>to</strong>ne developer retainer in film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries; readily soluble in water, this hygroscopic<br />
chemical can also be used as a restrainer for paper<br />
emulsions. {D= Ammoniumbromid; Es= bromuro amónico;<br />
F= bromure ammoniaque; bromure d'ammonium}.<br />
ammonium chloride {E} * A chemical used with or as a<br />
replacement for hypo in rapid fixing baths for film<br />
development. The white crystalline powder dissolves<br />
quickly in water and can also be used as a bleaching<br />
agent. {D= Ammoniumchlorid; Salmiak; Es= cloruro<br />
amónico; F= chlorure ammoniaque; chlorure ammonium}.<br />
Ammoniumbromid {D} * see ammonium bromide {E}.<br />
Ammoniumchlorid {D} * see ammonium chloride {E}.<br />
amorçage/sortie {F} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.<br />
amorce {F} * see leader; squib {E}.<br />
amorce Academy {F} * see Academy leader {E}.<br />
amorce de compensation {F} * see buildup {E}.<br />
amorce de début/amorce de fin {F} * see lead-in/lead-out<br />
{E}.<br />
amorce de départ standard {F} * see Academy leader {E}.
amorce de fin {F} * see tail {E}.<br />
amorce de fin de bobine {F} * see trailer {D;E}.<br />
amorce de synchronisation {F} * see sync leader {E}.<br />
amorce normalisée {F} * see Academy leader {E}.<br />
amortiguación de ruido {Es} * see noise reduction {E}.<br />
amp {E} * abbreviation for ampere; amplification; amplifier;<br />
amplitude {E}.<br />
ampere (A) {E;Es} * A unit <strong>of</strong> electrical current equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
flow <strong>of</strong> one volt across a resistance <strong>of</strong> one ohm; named<br />
after Andre M. Ampere.(10.) {D= Ampere; F= ampère}.<br />
Ampere {D} * see ampere (A) {E;Es}.<br />
ampère {F} * see ampere (A) {E;Es}.<br />
ampificador de vídeo frecuencia {Es} * see processing<br />
amplifier {E}.<br />
ampliación {Es} * see enlargement; magnification {E}.<br />
ampliación de imagen {Es} * see blow-up {E}.<br />
amplificación {Es} * see amplify; magnification {E}.<br />
amplificador {Es} * see amplifier {E}.<br />
amplificador de potencia {Es} * see power amplifier {E}.<br />
amplificador de procesamien<strong>to</strong> (de señales) {Es} * see<br />
proc amp {E}.<br />
amplificador de refuerzo {Es} * see booster {E}.<br />
amplificador operacional {Es} * see operational amplifier<br />
{E}.<br />
amplificador sonoro {Es} * see sound magnifier {E}.<br />
amplificar {Es} * see amplify {E}.<br />
amplificateur {F} * see amplifier; booster; extender {E}.<br />
amplificateur de puissance {F} * see power amplifier {E}.<br />
amplificateur de traitement {F} * see proc amp; processing<br />
amplifier {E}.<br />
amplificateur opérationnel {F} * see operational amplifier<br />
{E}.<br />
amplificateur sonore {F} * see sound magnifier {E}.<br />
amplification {F} * see amplify {E}.<br />
amplifier {E} * An electronic device, consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
components used generally, but not always, <strong>to</strong> increase<br />
<strong>the</strong> power, voltage or current <strong>of</strong> a signal.(04.07.) {D=<br />
Verstärker; Es= amplificador; F= amplificateur}.<br />
amplify {E} * In audio, <strong>to</strong> increase levels, or <strong>to</strong> streng<strong>the</strong>n<br />
a given electrical signal by increasing its amplitude, or<br />
raising its level; <strong>the</strong> opposite <strong>of</strong> attenuate.(16.50.) {D=<br />
verstärken; Es= amplificación; amplificar; F= amplification}.<br />
amplitud {Es} * see amplitude {E;F}.<br />
amplitud irregular {Es} * see amplitude non-uniformity {E}.<br />
amplitude {E;F} * Ano<strong>the</strong>r term for level or volume <strong>of</strong> an<br />
electrical or acoustical signal; <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> an audio or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r signal; a measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> a<br />
waveform.(04.) {D= Amplitude; Es= amplitud}.<br />
amplitude dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * see harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
10<br />
amplitude modulation (am) {E} * A form <strong>of</strong> modulation<br />
where <strong>the</strong> amplitude <strong>of</strong> a carrier frequency is modulated by<br />
<strong>the</strong> signal.(07.) {D= Amplitudenmodulation ?; Es=<br />
modulación por amplitud; F= modulation d'amplitude}.<br />
amplitude non-uniformity {E} * A term used in connection<br />
with magnetic tape testing that refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproduced<br />
peak-<strong>to</strong>-peak voltage and its variation from recorded<br />
values.46. {D= Amplitudeninstabilität; Es= amplitud<br />
irregular; F= irrégularité d'amplitude}.<br />
Amplitude {D} * see amplitude {E;F}.<br />
amplitude-frequency response {E} * see frequency<br />
response {E}.<br />
Amplitudeninstabilität {D} * see amplitude non-uniformity<br />
{E}.<br />
Amplitudenmodulation {D} * see amplitude modulation<br />
(AM) {E}.<br />
AMVSB {E} * acronym for amplitude modulation with<br />
vestigial sideband {E}.<br />
anaglyphic process {E} * A method producing 3dimensional<br />
motion pictures by having an audience view<br />
two superimposed projected pictures by wearing glasses<br />
with two different coloured lenses (usually red and green).<br />
{D= ?; Es= proceso anaglífico; F= anaglyphe; process<br />
anaglyphe; système anaglyphe}.<br />
análisis volumétrico {Es} * see titration {E}.<br />
analog {E/US} * see analogue {E;F}.<br />
Analog {D} * see analogue {E;F}.<br />
Analog-digital wandler {D} * see analogue <strong>to</strong> digital<br />
converter (AD)(ADC) {E}.<br />
Analogaufnahme {D} * see analogue recording {E}.<br />
analoges aufzeichnungsverfahren {D} * see analogue<br />
recording {E}.<br />
Analógico a Digital {Es} * see DA {E}.<br />
análogo {Es} * see analogue {E;F}.<br />
analogue {E;F} * 1) A signal that is an analogy <strong>of</strong> a<br />
physical process and is continuously variable, ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
discrete; see also digitization.07. 2) The representation <strong>of</strong><br />
a smoothly changing physical variable (temperature, for<br />
example) by ano<strong>the</strong>r physical variable (such as <strong>the</strong> height<br />
<strong>of</strong> a column <strong>of</strong> mercury).07. {D= analog; Es= análogo}.<br />
analogue compression {E} * Dis<strong>to</strong>rtion which occurs when<br />
portions <strong>of</strong> a video signal exceed <strong>the</strong> parameters <strong>of</strong> an<br />
amplifier, i.e., white level compression (clipping) results<br />
when <strong>the</strong> peak white level exceeds a predetermined limit.<br />
Correspondingly, black level compression (crushing)<br />
results when <strong>the</strong> negative portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal<br />
attempt <strong>to</strong> exceed <strong>the</strong> reference black level. {D= ?; Es=<br />
compresión analógica; F= compression analogique}.<br />
analogue recording {E} * 1) In <strong>the</strong> broadest sense, a<br />
method <strong>of</strong> recording in which some characteristic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
record current, such as amplitude or frequency, is<br />
continuously varied in a manner analogous <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
variations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original signal.46. 2) A logging <strong>of</strong> an event<br />
by one <strong>of</strong> various methods <strong>of</strong> capturing and s<strong>to</strong>ring a<br />
continuous replica <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source sound pattern by tracing<br />
an analogous pattern in<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r medium. The most<br />
commonly used s<strong>to</strong>rage methods have been engraved or<br />
embossed modulated grooves in a disc, magnetic particle<br />
patterns in tape, and optical patterns in film.(04.) {D=<br />
Analogaufnahme; analoges Aufzeichnungsverfahren; Es=<br />
grabación analógica; F= enregistrement analogique;
disque analogue}.<br />
analogue <strong>to</strong> digital converter (ad)(adc) {E} * An electronic<br />
device used at <strong>the</strong> input <strong>of</strong> digital equipment <strong>to</strong> convert<br />
analogue signals <strong>to</strong> digital values or 'words' represented as<br />
a binary number, with such numbers representing <strong>the</strong> ae<br />
interval sampling, contained in <strong>the</strong> original analogue<br />
signal.(04.39.) {D= Analog-digital Wandler; Es=<br />
convertidor de da<strong>to</strong>s analógicos en da<strong>to</strong>s numéricos; F=<br />
convertisseur analogique numérique}.<br />
analyseur {F} * see pickup tube; scanner {E}.<br />
analyseur à balayage {F} * see flying spot scanner {E}.<br />
analyseur à spot mobile {F} * see flying spot scanner {E}.<br />
analyseur d'images Farnsworth {F} * see Farnsworth<br />
image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
analytical entry {E} * An entry in a bibliographic citation or<br />
listing for which a comprehensive entry is also made.(03.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= anotación analítica; F= entrée analytique}.<br />
analytical note {E} * The statement in an analytical entry<br />
relating <strong>the</strong> part being analyzed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> item <strong>of</strong> which is a<br />
part.03. {D= ?; Es= apunte [nota] analítico (-a); F= note<br />
analytique}.<br />
anamorfoscopio {Es} * see Anamorphoscope {F}.<br />
anamorphic lens {E} * A motion picture film camera lens<br />
designed for wide-screen pho<strong>to</strong>graphy and projection. A<br />
lens that produces a 'squeezed' image on film in <strong>the</strong><br />
camera and, which, when projected using an appropriate<br />
lens <strong>to</strong> reverse <strong>the</strong> effect, <strong>the</strong> image spreads out <strong>to</strong> lifelike<br />
proportions.(09.30.) {D= ?; Es= objetivo [lente] anamórfica;<br />
F= objectif anamorphoseur}.<br />
anamorphic processes {E} * Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> several processes<br />
(Anamorphoscope, CinemaScope, etc.) which compress<br />
a wide-screen motion picture <strong>to</strong> fit on standard 35 mm film.<br />
{D= ?; Es= proceso anamórfico; F= procédé<br />
d'anamorphos}.<br />
anamorphic squeeze {E} * In motion picture production, a<br />
change in picture geometry <strong>to</strong> compress one direction<br />
(usually <strong>the</strong> horizontal) more than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. Occasionally,<br />
when wide-screen movies are transferred <strong>to</strong> video, an<br />
anamorphic squeeze will be used (usually only in Credits)<br />
<strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> smaller aspect ratio <strong>of</strong> television <strong>to</strong><br />
accommodate <strong>the</strong> larger movie aspect ratio. An<br />
anamorphic squeeze can be performed ei<strong>the</strong>r optically or<br />
electronically.(07.) {D= ?; Es= compresión anamórfica; F=<br />
coefficient d'anamorphose}.<br />
Anamorphoscope {E;F} * An anamorphic projection<br />
process developed in France in <strong>the</strong> 1920s that, upon<br />
renaming, became CinemaScope.10. {D= ?; Es=<br />
anamorfoscopio}.<br />
anaquel {Es} * see shelf {E}.<br />
anastigmatic lens {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic lens that is used <strong>to</strong><br />
correct <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> astigmatism. The front surface <strong>of</strong> this<br />
type <strong>of</strong> lens corrects for spherical aberration while <strong>the</strong> rear<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens eliminates astigmatism in <strong>the</strong> outer<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. {D= ?; Es= lente [objetivo]<br />
anastigmática; F= objectif anastigmatique}.<br />
ancho de banda {Es} * see bandwidth {E}.<br />
anchorage {E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which a coating, i.e. oxide,<br />
acetate, etc., adheres <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base, measurable by<br />
checking how easily <strong>the</strong> coating can be lifted from <strong>the</strong><br />
backing with adhesive tape or a specially designed<br />
knife.(04.46.) {D= ?; Es= anclaje; F= adhérence}.<br />
anchura de película {Es} * see film gauge {E}.<br />
11<br />
anclaje {Es} * see anchorage {E}.<br />
AND gate {E} * A digital circuit in which all input signals are<br />
a -1- state in order <strong>to</strong> produce a -1- state in its output. The<br />
inverse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> AND gate is <strong>the</strong> NAND gate. {D= ?; Es=<br />
compuerta Y; puerta lógica Y; compuerta por conjunción;<br />
F= porte Et}.<br />
Andruckfilz {D} * see pressure pad {E}.<br />
Andruckrolle {D} * see pinch roller {E}.<br />
Anfahl der spuren {D} * see track numbers {E}.<br />
angle d'enveloppement {F} * see wraparound {E}.<br />
angle de champ {F} * see angle <strong>of</strong> view {E}.<br />
angle de déflexion {F} * see warping angle {E}.<br />
angle de prise de vue {F} * see camera angle {E}.<br />
angle de réflexivité {F} * see angle <strong>of</strong> reflectivity {E}.<br />
angle de vue {F} * see angle <strong>of</strong> view {E}.<br />
angle des flancs du sillon {F} * see groove pitch {E}.<br />
angle <strong>of</strong> reflectivity {E} * The widest angle from which a<br />
bright image can be seen on a projection screen. {D= ?;<br />
Es= ángulo de reflexión [reflectividad]; F= angle<br />
d'réflectivité; angle de réflexivité}.<br />
angle <strong>of</strong> view {E} * In <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic process, <strong>the</strong> angle<br />
subtended by <strong>the</strong> lens. Wide-angle lenses have roomy<br />
angles <strong>of</strong> view; telepho<strong>to</strong> lenses have very narrow angles<br />
<strong>of</strong> view. Not <strong>to</strong> be confused with camera angle.(30.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= ángulo de visión; F= angle de champ; angle de vue}.<br />
ángulo de alabeo {Es} * see warping angle {E}.<br />
ángulo de cámara {Es} * see camera angle {E}.<br />
ángulo de curvatura {Es} * see warping angle {E}.<br />
ángulo de orientación {Es} * see orientation direction {E}.<br />
ángulo de reflectividad {Es} * see angle <strong>of</strong> reflectivity {E}.<br />
ángulo de reflexión {Es} * see angle <strong>of</strong> reflectivity {E}.<br />
ángulo de surco {Es} * see groove pitch {E}.<br />
ángulo de visión {Es} * see angle <strong>of</strong> view {E}.<br />
Anhebung {D} * see emphasis {E}.<br />
animación {Es} * see animation {E;F}.<br />
animación por imágenes {Es} * see moving-image<br />
materials {E}.<br />
animación por pixel {Es} * see pixillation {E}.<br />
animal glue {E} * A paste consisting <strong>of</strong> proteins derived<br />
from cooking animal materials such as hides and bone.<br />
Warmed animal glue dissolved in water is tacky and<br />
viscous and forms a strong bond when it dries. Animal glue<br />
will deteriorate over time, becoming hard and brittle and<br />
losing its adhesive qualities; see also cold-setting<br />
adhesive; glue; hot-melt adhesive; polyvinyl acetate<br />
adhesive; starch paste.32. {D= tierischer Leim; Es= cola<br />
animal; F= colle d'origine animale; colle forte}.<br />
animation {E;F} * The technique <strong>of</strong> syn<strong>the</strong>sizing apparent<br />
mobility from inanimate objects or drawings through <strong>the</strong><br />
medium <strong>of</strong> cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy. The term is also used for <strong>the</strong><br />
sequence <strong>of</strong> drawings made <strong>to</strong> create <strong>the</strong> movement, and
for <strong>the</strong> movement itself when seen on <strong>the</strong> screen.09. {D=<br />
figürlicher Trick; Es= animación}.<br />
animation camera {E} * A motion picture camera with<br />
special capability for animation work; usually includes<br />
frame and footage counters; <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>to</strong> expose a single<br />
frame at a time, reverse-filming capability, and parallaxfree<br />
viewing.(09.) {D= ?; Es= cámara de animación; F=<br />
caméra d'animation; caméra image par image}.<br />
anisotropía {Es} * see anisotropy {E}.<br />
anisotropie {F} * see anisotropy {E}.<br />
anisotropy {E} * Directional dependence <strong>of</strong> magnetic<br />
properties leading <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> easy, or preferred,<br />
directions <strong>of</strong> magnetization. Shape anisotropy is <strong>the</strong><br />
dominant form in acicular particles.46. {D= ?; Es=<br />
anisotropía; F= anisotropie}.<br />
annonce {F} * see radio promo; slate {E}.<br />
annonce d'utilité publique .{F} * see PSA .{E}.<br />
annonce de service public {F} * see public service<br />
announcement (PSA) {E}.<br />
annonce programme {F} * see television promo {E}.<br />
anónimo {Es} * see anonymous {E}.<br />
anonyme {F} * see anonymous {E}.<br />
anonymous {E} * A work or works <strong>of</strong> unknown<br />
authorship.(03.) {D= ?; Es= anónimo; F= anonyme}.<br />
anotación analítica {Es} * see analytical entry {E}.<br />
ANRS {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Audio Noise Reduction<br />
System {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
Ansichtskopie {D} * see hardcopy; service copy; viewing<br />
copy {E}.<br />
answer print {E} * A timed motion picture print submitted by<br />
<strong>the</strong> film labora<strong>to</strong>ry for approval by <strong>the</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>mer <strong>of</strong><br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ry functions, such as timing, developing, and<br />
sound synchronization. If approved, it becomes <strong>the</strong> guide<br />
for subsequent release prints. It is usually studied carefully<br />
<strong>to</strong> determine whe<strong>the</strong>r changes are required prior <strong>to</strong> printing<br />
<strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order. Synonymous with trial print.(09.)<br />
{D= Nullkopie; erste Kopie; Es= copia de montaje; primera<br />
copia; F= copie zéro (copie étalon); copie d'étalonnage;<br />
première copie}.<br />
antenna {E} * The purpose <strong>of</strong> a transmitting antenna is <strong>to</strong><br />
couple <strong>the</strong> signal from <strong>the</strong> transmitter <strong>to</strong> space by<br />
converting its electrical output energy <strong>to</strong> electromagnetic<br />
radiation. The receiving antenna does <strong>the</strong> reverse process.<br />
{D= ?; Es= antena; F= antenne}.<br />
Anti-skating-vorrichtung {D} * see antiskating<br />
compensation {E}.<br />
antialiasing filter {D;E} * 1) A low-pass screen used at <strong>the</strong><br />
input <strong>of</strong> digital audio recorders <strong>to</strong> attenuate frequencies<br />
above <strong>the</strong> half-sampling frequency <strong>to</strong> prevent aliasing.(39.)<br />
2) A screen <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> generation <strong>of</strong> spurious signals in<br />
video. {D= ?; Es= filtro atenuante; filtro reduc<strong>to</strong>r; F= filtre<br />
antirepliement; filtre anticrénelage}.<br />
antibloom agent {E} * An additive that prevents <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic coating <strong>of</strong> tape from shedding excess powdery<br />
residue.04. {D= ?; Es= agente antipolvo; F= agent<br />
antipoudrette}.<br />
antifungus agent {E} * An agent, such as orthophenyl<br />
phenol, added in manufactured materials, such as <strong>the</strong><br />
12<br />
coating compositions <strong>of</strong> discs and tapes, <strong>to</strong> retard <strong>the</strong><br />
growth <strong>of</strong> fungus.(04.) {D= Fungizid; Es= fungicida; F=<br />
agent antifongique}.<br />
antihalation backing {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.<br />
antihalation coating {E} * 1) A layer <strong>of</strong> dye applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
base <strong>of</strong> motion picture film, usually during manufacture, <strong>to</strong><br />
absorb light passing through <strong>the</strong> emulsion layer, striking<br />
<strong>the</strong> acetate base, and reflecting back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sensitive<br />
emulsion <strong>to</strong> cause halation <strong>of</strong> light flares around bright<br />
areas; film with a dye backing on <strong>the</strong> base side (opposite<br />
<strong>the</strong> emulsion side) is called dye-back film; film with a dyetinted<br />
base is called blue-base film. 2) The process <strong>of</strong><br />
treating a film base with a light-absorbing substance <strong>to</strong><br />
prevent refraction <strong>of</strong> light from <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film. One<br />
method is <strong>to</strong> introduce a layer <strong>of</strong> light-absorbing dye<br />
between <strong>the</strong> emulsion and <strong>the</strong> film base; this is referred <strong>to</strong><br />
as antihalation backing; see also halation.(09.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
revestimien<strong>to</strong> antihalo; F= enduit antihalo}.<br />
antihalation dyes {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.<br />
antihalation undercoat {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.<br />
antiimaging filter {E} * A low-pass screen used at <strong>the</strong><br />
output <strong>of</strong> digital audio reproducers <strong>to</strong> attenuate<br />
frequencies above <strong>the</strong> half-sampling frequency <strong>to</strong><br />
eliminate image spectra present at multiples <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sampling frequency.39. {D= ?; Es= filtro antiimagen; F=<br />
filtre anti-images}.<br />
antinodal {Es;F} * see antinode {E}.<br />
antinode {E} * The point <strong>of</strong> maximum amplitude <strong>of</strong> vibration<br />
on a stationary wave.39. {D= ?; Es= antinodal; F=<br />
antinodal}.<br />
antiskating compensation {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> centring <strong>the</strong><br />
stylus in a groove during playback <strong>of</strong> a disc by applying a<br />
force against its natural inclination <strong>to</strong> ride inward against<br />
<strong>the</strong> inner groove wall. This prevents <strong>the</strong> pickup and stylus<br />
from skating, e.g., climbing over or riding on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
groove walls, and not tracking in <strong>the</strong> grooves.(04.) {D=<br />
Anti-skating-Vorrichtung; Es= compensación del empuje<br />
lateral (<strong>to</strong>cadiscos); F= compensation de poussée latérale<br />
"antiskating"}.<br />
antistatic element {E} * A material, usually carbon black,<br />
used <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> a disc or tape recording<br />
(blank, master or mass produced) conductive in order <strong>to</strong><br />
prevent <strong>the</strong> buildup <strong>of</strong> electrical charges (due <strong>to</strong> friction)<br />
which lead <strong>to</strong> static (dis<strong>to</strong>rtion in playback).(04.) {D=<br />
Antistatisches Mittel; Es= sustancia antiestática; F=<br />
élément antistatique}.<br />
Antistatisches mittel {D} * see antistatic element {E}.<br />
anunciante {Es} * see sponsor {E}.<br />
anuncio {Es} * see commercial {E;F}; radio promo {E}.<br />
anuncio televisivo {Es} * see television promo {E}.<br />
Anuncio de Servicio de Utilidad Pública {Es} * see PSA<br />
{E}.<br />
Anzeigegerät {D} * see metre {E}.<br />
Anzeigelgerät {D} * see meter {E}.<br />
añadir sonido, música, etc {Es} * see dub (2) {E}.<br />
apara<strong>to</strong> de registro {Es} * see recorder {E}.<br />
apara<strong>to</strong> lec<strong>to</strong>r-impresor {Es} * see reader/printer {E}.<br />
apara<strong>to</strong>r lec<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader {E}.
apara<strong>to</strong>r lec<strong>to</strong>r de micr<strong>of</strong>ormas {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm<br />
reader {E}.<br />
apertura de la Academia (de artes escénicas de los<br />
EEUU) {Es} * see Academy aperture {E}.<br />
apertura de una ventana en un cartón {Es} * see window<br />
opening {E}.<br />
apertura iris {Es} * see iris {E}.<br />
aperture {E} * l) Lens: <strong>the</strong> orifice, usually an adjustable iris,<br />
which limits <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light passing through a lens. 2)<br />
Camera: in motion picture cameras, <strong>the</strong> mask opening that<br />
defines <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> each frame exposed. 3) Projec<strong>to</strong>r: in<br />
motion picture projec<strong>to</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> mask opening that defines<br />
<strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> each frame projected.09. Also called iris or fs<strong>to</strong>p.<br />
4) As applied <strong>to</strong> ATV, <strong>the</strong> finite size and shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> electron beam in a camera or picture tube.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> beam does not come <strong>to</strong> an infinitesimal point, it<br />
affects <strong>the</strong> area around it, reducing resolution.07. {D=<br />
Bildfenster; Es= ventanilla; 1) abertura de objetivo; 2 y 3)<br />
abertura de máscara; 4) pun<strong>to</strong> del haz de electrones; F=<br />
couloir; ouverture; orifice}.<br />
aperture card {E} * A stiff piece <strong>of</strong> pasteboard, usually<br />
punched and <strong>of</strong> a size and shape suitable for use in data<br />
processing systems, with one or more rectangular holes<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> hold a frame or frames <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.(22.23.)<br />
{D= Filmlochkarte; Fensterkarte; Es= ficha de ventana;<br />
tarjeta de abertura {Es; F= gabarit d'ouverture; carte à<br />
fenêtre (micr<strong>of</strong>ilm); carte à fenêtre; carte d'ouverture}.<br />
aperture circuit {E} * In digital <strong>to</strong> analogue conversion, <strong>the</strong><br />
sample-and-hold circuit used <strong>to</strong> buffer instability in <strong>the</strong><br />
analogue signal and correct for high-frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f<br />
following <strong>the</strong> d/a converter.39. {D= ?; Es= circui<strong>to</strong> de<br />
abertura; F= circuit de maintien}.<br />
aperture correction {E} * 1) Signal processing that<br />
compensates for a loss <strong>of</strong> detail caused by <strong>the</strong><br />
aperture.07. 2) An electronic technique in which a video<br />
signal is enhanced <strong>to</strong> increase its image sharpness as<br />
compensation for a loss <strong>of</strong> detail. {D= ?; Es= 1) corrección<br />
de abertura; 2) aumen<strong>to</strong> de la señal de vídeo ; F=<br />
correction de con<strong>to</strong>ur; correction d'ouverture}.<br />
aperture error {E} * In digital <strong>to</strong> analogue conversion, <strong>the</strong><br />
high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f occurring during de-sampling.39.<br />
{D= ?; Es= error de abertura; F= erreur d'ouverture}.<br />
aperture mask {E} * A metal plate with precisely formed<br />
holes, placed close behind <strong>the</strong> phosphor-dot faceplate in<br />
a tricolour picture tube which insures that each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three<br />
electron beams excites only <strong>the</strong> desired phosphor dot; also<br />
called a shadow mask. {D= ?; Es= máscara de abertura;<br />
máscara perforada; F= masque d'écran}.<br />
aperture plate {E} * A coating or covering, usually metal, in<br />
<strong>the</strong> film camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r which has a rectangular hole<br />
through which <strong>the</strong> film is exposed or projected, governing<br />
<strong>the</strong> aspect ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film. {D= Bildfensterplatte; Es= placa<br />
de la ventanilla (de proyección); F= plaque de couloir;<br />
plaque d'ouverture; plaque de couloir; cache de fenêtre}.<br />
APEX system {E} * acronym for au<strong>to</strong>matic precision<br />
exposure system {E}.<br />
aplicación de la emulsión {Es} * see coating {E}.<br />
aplicación de recubrimien<strong>to</strong> (CD) {Es} * see spin coating<br />
{E}.<br />
appareil de mesure des ultraviolets {F} * see UV moni<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{E}.<br />
appareil de mesure UV Crawford type 760 {F} * see<br />
Crawford UV moni<strong>to</strong>r type 760 {E}.<br />
13<br />
appareil de prise de vue {F} * see camera {E}.<br />
appareil de reproduction semi-flottant {F} * see semifloating<br />
reproducer {E}.<br />
appareil pho<strong>to</strong> {F} * see camera {E}.<br />
apparent thickness {E} * The thickness <strong>of</strong> an object as<br />
measured by optical means. The apparent thickness<br />
equals <strong>the</strong> physical thickness divided by <strong>the</strong> index <strong>of</strong><br />
refraction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> object being measured; see also<br />
thickness.46. {D= ?; Es= espesor aparente; F= épaisseur<br />
apparente}.<br />
appéciation {F} * see evaluation {E}.<br />
application d'un revêtement (par procédé de <strong>to</strong>urnoiement)<br />
{F} * see spin coating {E}.<br />
application programme {E} * A programme that processes<br />
<strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong> a file, and may also process selected<br />
attribute data relating <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> file or <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume/s on<br />
which <strong>the</strong> file is recorded. NB An application programme<br />
is a specific class <strong>of</strong> user, as defined in ISO 9660:1988<br />
(e).20. {D= ?; Es= programa de aplicación; F= programme<br />
d'application}.<br />
apuntador (obje<strong>to</strong>) {Es} * see flash card {E}.<br />
apuntador de tex<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see prompter {E}.<br />
apunte {Es} * see cue {E}.<br />
apunte analítico (-a) {Es} * see analytical note {E}.<br />
apunte de contenido {Es} * see contents note {E}.<br />
aquatint {E} * In still-imaging, 1) a method <strong>of</strong> etching a<br />
printing plate so that an image similar <strong>to</strong> a watercolour can<br />
be reproduced, and 2) <strong>the</strong> print resulting form such a<br />
technique.(24.) {D= Aquatinta; Es= aguatinta; F=<br />
aquatinte}.<br />
Aquatinta {D} * see aquatint {E}.<br />
aquatinte {F} * see aquatint {E}.<br />
aqueous solvent {E} * Water or watery substance used <strong>to</strong><br />
dissolve chemicals.53. {D= wässrige Lösung; Es=<br />
disolvente acuoso; F= solvent aqueux}.<br />
arañazo {Es} * see scrape; scratch {E}.<br />
arañazo pr<strong>of</strong>undo {Es} * see gouge {E}.<br />
Arbeitskopie {D} * see service copy; service duplicate;<br />
work print {E}.<br />
arc électrique {F} * see arc light {E}.<br />
arc lamp {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> illumination, used in film<br />
projec<strong>to</strong>rs, produced by a bridge <strong>of</strong> incandescent particles<br />
which carries electric current from positive <strong>to</strong> negative<br />
electrodes. {D= Bogenlampe; Es= lámpara de arco; F=<br />
lampe à arc; projecteur à arc; lanterne à arc}.<br />
arc light {E} * A specialized illumination source used on<br />
moving-image production sets where two pieces <strong>of</strong> carbon<br />
are brought close enough <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r so that an electric<br />
current can arc across <strong>the</strong> gap. Such lights are now being<br />
replaced, due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir great expense, by more conventional<br />
lights. Arc lights are also used in projec<strong>to</strong>rs.(30.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= luz [lámpara] de arco; F= arc électrique; lampe à arc;<br />
lumière d'arc}.<br />
architectural rendering {E} * A pic<strong>to</strong>rial representation <strong>of</strong> a<br />
building intended <strong>to</strong> show, before it has been built, how <strong>the</strong><br />
building will look when completed; see also technical
drawing.(03.) {D= ?; Es= ?eproducción arquitectónica; F=<br />
projet architectural}.<br />
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable<br />
sur disque compact {F} * see compact disc-programmable<br />
read only memory (CD-PROM) {D;E}.<br />
Archiv {D} * see archive {E}.<br />
archival {E} * NB most archivists prefer not <strong>to</strong> apply this<br />
term in <strong>the</strong>ir work. 1) A nonspecific term suggesting that a<br />
material or product is permanent, durable or chemically<br />
stable and thus suitable for preservation purposes. There<br />
are no standards describing how long an archival material<br />
will last, although many agree that <strong>the</strong> intention is<br />
forever.17. 2) A subjective term sometimes used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe <strong>the</strong> content <strong>of</strong> an item as worthy <strong>of</strong> continued<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage and preservation, or used as a modifier <strong>to</strong><br />
describe <strong>the</strong> conditions necessary for <strong>the</strong> optimal s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
<strong>of</strong> materials; see life expectancy. {D= archivalisch;<br />
archivarisch; archivisch; archivtauglich; Es= archivístico;<br />
F= archivistique}.<br />
archival agency {E/US} * see archive {E}.<br />
archival cataloguing {E} * see cataloguing {E}.<br />
archival deposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * see archive {E}.<br />
archival film {E} * 1) A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film that is suitable for<br />
<strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> records having permanent value when<br />
<strong>the</strong> film is properly processed and s<strong>to</strong>red under archival<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions, provided <strong>the</strong> original images are <strong>of</strong><br />
suitable quality; see also archival; archival permanence;<br />
archival quality; archival s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions; long-term film;<br />
medium term film; short-term film; preservation master<br />
negative.40. 2) Film <strong>of</strong> value for record purposes that will<br />
be kept in permanent s<strong>to</strong>rage.34. {D= Archivfilm;<br />
archivtauglicher Film; Es= película de (calidad de) archivo;<br />
F= film d'archivage; film d'archives}.<br />
archival heritage {E} * The <strong>to</strong>tality <strong>of</strong> archives preserved in<br />
a given area or on a given <strong>to</strong>pic, forming an essential part<br />
<strong>of</strong> its administrative, cultural, and/or his<strong>to</strong>rical<br />
heritage.(22.) {D= archivalisches Erbe; Es= patrimoni<br />
histórico; patrimoni archivístico; F= patrimoine<br />
archivistique}.<br />
archival integrity {E} * A basic standard derived from <strong>the</strong><br />
principle <strong>of</strong> provenance and <strong>the</strong> registry principle which<br />
requires that an archive/record group shall be preserved in<br />
its entirety without division, mutilation, alienation,<br />
unauthorized destruction or addition, except by accrual or<br />
replevin, in order <strong>to</strong> ensure its full evidential and<br />
informational value.22.23. {D= Unverletzlichkeit (eines<br />
provenienzmässigen Archivbe-stands); Es= integridad de<br />
un fondo; F= intégrité du fonds d'archives; integrité des<br />
fonds}.<br />
archival jurisdiction {E} * The jurisdiction, as defined by law<br />
or regulation, exercised by archives (1) over <strong>the</strong><br />
preservation, transfer, use, and disposal <strong>of</strong> records (2) and<br />
archives.22.23. {D= archivische Zuständigkeit; Es=<br />
competencia archivística; jurisdición archivística; F=<br />
juridiction archivistique; compétence légale des archives}.<br />
archival legislation {E} * The body <strong>of</strong> laws and regulations<br />
governing <strong>the</strong> preservation, accessibility and protection <strong>of</strong><br />
archives and <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> archives in a country or<br />
region.22. {D= Archivgesetzgebung; Archivrecht; Es=<br />
legislación sobre archivos; F= législation archivistique}.<br />
archival permanence {E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which an item<br />
retains its original characteristics and resists deterioration<br />
for a lengthy, specified period <strong>of</strong> time. documents that do<br />
not undergo significant physical change for such a period<br />
<strong>of</strong> time are said <strong>to</strong> be <strong>of</strong> archival quality. For some<br />
documents <strong>the</strong> time period can be considered <strong>to</strong> range<br />
14<br />
from one hundred years <strong>to</strong> forever. In most cases,<br />
controlled s<strong>to</strong>rage and use are necessary <strong>to</strong> achieve<br />
archival permanence; see also archival quality.01. {D=<br />
archivalische Haltbarkeit; archivalische Dauerhaftigkeit;<br />
Es= permanencia (calidad de los materiales de archivo);<br />
F= permanence archivistique}.<br />
archival positive {E} * A film image, ei<strong>the</strong>r a print or a fine<br />
grain master, with or without a soundtrack, used only for<br />
<strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> manufacturing a single preservation copy.<br />
{D= ?; Es= positivo para copia de archivo; F= film positif<br />
d'archive}.<br />
archival processing {E} * 1) Procedure/s for preparation<br />
and/or treatment <strong>of</strong> items or information which results in<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir maximum permanence and stability; may involve<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r conversion <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r medium or physical treatment<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original item. This is accomplished in a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
ways, dependent upon <strong>the</strong> object. In order <strong>to</strong> ensure<br />
archival quality, adherence <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> appropriate packaging,<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage and handling procedures is a is accomplished<br />
through a series <strong>of</strong> precise fixing, washing, and <strong>to</strong>ning<br />
baths, and differs from ordinary processing by careful<br />
control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fixing time and, thus, <strong>the</strong> retention <strong>of</strong> residual<br />
chemicals. After a thorough washing, pho<strong>to</strong>graphs are<br />
treated with a gold solution or a <strong>to</strong>ner, such as selenium.<br />
Archival processing requires <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> fibre-based ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than resin-coated papers.(43.) {D= 1) Archivierung; Es=<br />
procesado para obtener una copia de calidad de archivo;<br />
F= traitement d'archive}.<br />
archival quality {E} * 1) The material properties inherent in<br />
any documentary medium permitting it indefinite<br />
preservation under controlled conditions.22. 2) A term,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten misused, pertaining <strong>to</strong> materials that carry <strong>the</strong><br />
connotation <strong>of</strong> permanence and high quality. When used<br />
in vendor's catalogues and/or manufacturer's claims, etc.,<br />
<strong>the</strong> term must be backed up with precise life span,<br />
chemical, and physical specifications. {D= Archivfähigkeit<br />
(materielle Eignung zu dauernder archivischer<br />
Verwahrung); Archivqualität (alterungsbe-ständiges<br />
Material); Es= cualidad de archivo; F= qualité d'archivage;<br />
qualité de conservation}.<br />
archival rack {E} * As specified in <strong>the</strong> NFPA 40, shelving<br />
devices intended for use in archival vaults for <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
<strong>of</strong> high-value or permanent cellulose nitrate based motion<br />
picture film. Such racks are constructed so that individual<br />
rolls or groups <strong>of</strong> two rolls are placed in isolated, insulated<br />
compartments. In certain cases, a maximum <strong>of</strong> three rolls<br />
in a single container may be placed in such<br />
compartments.(34.) {D= Archivregal; Es= estantería de<br />
archivo; F= étagère d'archivage}.<br />
archival standards {E} * The standards that must be met by<br />
a given type <strong>of</strong> recording material or process for this<br />
material <strong>to</strong> retain specified characteristics; see also<br />
archival quality.40. {D= archivalischer Standard;<br />
Archivstandard; Es= normas de archivo (calidad de los<br />
materiales); F= normes d'archivage}.<br />
archival s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E} * Conditions suitable for <strong>the</strong><br />
long term s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> materials. {D=<br />
Archivlagerbedingungen; Es= condiciones de<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> (normas) en archivos; F= condition de<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ckage des archives}.<br />
archival succession {E} * The sequence <strong>of</strong> legal jurisdiction<br />
over archives as <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> changes in terri<strong>to</strong>rial<br />
sovereignty, or administrative competence.22.23. {D=<br />
Archivfolge; Es= sucesión en la propiedad de un archivo;<br />
F= juridiction en matière de succession des archives}.<br />
archival value {E} * 1) The determination that items or data<br />
are worthy <strong>of</strong> indefinite or permanent preservation by an<br />
archival agency. Sometimes referred <strong>to</strong> as his<strong>to</strong>rical,<br />
continuing, or enduring value.(07.) 2) Those values, ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
administrative, fiscal, legal, evidential and/or informational,
which justify <strong>the</strong> indefinite or permanent retention <strong>of</strong><br />
records/archives.22.23. {D= archivalischer Wert;<br />
Archivwert; Archivwürdigkeit; Es= valor archivístico; valor<br />
permanente; valor histórico; F= critère d'archivage; valeur<br />
archivistique}.<br />
archival wash {E} * The act <strong>of</strong> repeating <strong>the</strong> standard<br />
washing <strong>of</strong> film <strong>to</strong> remove developer or fixer from film until<br />
<strong>the</strong> pH is at an acceptable level. {D= ?; Es= lavado de<br />
película con calidad de archivo; F= rinçage de la pellicule<br />
d'archivage}.<br />
archivalisch {D} * see archival {E}.<br />
archivalische dauerhaftigkeit {D} * see archival<br />
permanence {E}.<br />
archivalische haltbarkeit {D} * see archival permanence<br />
{E}.<br />
archivalischer standard {D} * see archival standards {E}.<br />
archivalischer wert {D} * see archival value {E}.<br />
archivalisches erbe {D} * see archival heritage {E}.<br />
Archivar {D} * se<br />
Archivaufnahme {D} * see s<strong>to</strong>ck shot {E}.<br />
Archivbestand {D} * see archive group {E}.<br />
Archivduplikat {D} * see preservation duplicate {E}.<br />
archive {E} * 1) Non-current records preserved, with or<br />
without selection, by those responsible for <strong>the</strong>ir creation or<br />
by <strong>the</strong>ir successors in function for <strong>the</strong>ir own use or by an<br />
appropriate archives because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir archival value. 2) An<br />
institution responsible for <strong>the</strong> acquisition, preservation, and<br />
communication <strong>of</strong> archives; also called archival agency<br />
{E/US}; archive/s service; record <strong>of</strong>fice. Archives 1) and 2)<br />
are, also, called after <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> institution whose records<br />
<strong>the</strong>y acquire, e.g. national, college/university, etc. 3) The<br />
building or part <strong>of</strong> a building in which archives 1) are<br />
preserved and made available for consultation; also called<br />
archive/s reposi<strong>to</strong>ry; archival deposi<strong>to</strong>ry.(22.23.) {D= 1)<br />
Archiv; Archivgut; 2) Archiv; 3) Archiv; Archivgebäude; Es=<br />
1) archivo/s histórico/s; 2) archivo; 3) archivo; F=<br />
archives}.<br />
archive conservation {E} * The discipline dedicated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
preservation and res<strong>to</strong>ration <strong>of</strong> archival materials.(24.) {D=<br />
Konservierung; Restaurierung; Es= conservación de [en]<br />
archivo (normas); F= conservation; conservation des<br />
archives}<br />
archive group {E} * The primary division in <strong>the</strong><br />
arrangement <strong>of</strong> archives at <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> independent<br />
originating unit or agency.22.23. {D= Archivserie;<br />
Archivbestand; Es= archivo; fondo; sección; F= fonds<br />
d'archives; fonds; série}.<br />
archive pho<strong>to</strong>graphique {F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
records/archives {E}.<br />
archive reposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * see archive {E}.<br />
archive res<strong>to</strong>ration {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> improving <strong>the</strong><br />
condition <strong>of</strong> a damaged item as far as possible; ranges<br />
from simple repair <strong>of</strong> a <strong>to</strong>rn object or splicing <strong>of</strong> a broken<br />
tape or film <strong>to</strong> full res<strong>to</strong>ration <strong>of</strong> an object <strong>to</strong> its perceived<br />
original state.(24.) {D= ?; Es= restauración de materiales<br />
de archivo (normas); F= restauration des archives;<br />
restauration}<br />
archive service {E} * see archive {E}.<br />
archivero (-a) {Es} * see archivist {E}.<br />
15<br />
archivero {Es} * see archivist {E}.<br />
archives {F} * see archive {E}.<br />
archives administration {E} * 1) The <strong>the</strong>oretical and<br />
practical study <strong>of</strong> policies, procedures and problems<br />
relating <strong>to</strong> archival functions. 2) The direction and<br />
management <strong>of</strong> archives.(22.23.) {D= 1)<br />
Archivverwaltungslehre; 2) Archivverwaltung; Es= 1)<br />
archivística; archivología; archivonomía; F= archivistique}.<br />
archives audiovisuelles {F} * see audiovisual<br />
archives/records data; audiovisual archives {E}.<br />
archives box/container {E} * A s<strong>to</strong>rage box for archives<br />
materials <strong>of</strong> pressed cardboard, ei<strong>the</strong>r in letter or legal<br />
size, and usually with a capacity <strong>of</strong> about one-third cubic<br />
foot; see also document case; records centre<br />
container/car<strong>to</strong>n.11. {D= Archivkar<strong>to</strong>n; Es= caja;<br />
contenedor de archivo ; F= boîte d'archives}.<br />
archives courantes {F} * see current records {E}.<br />
archives de données informatiques {F} * see data archive<br />
{E}.<br />
archives iconographiques {F} * see iconographic archives<br />
{E}.<br />
archives littéraires {F} * see literary archives/records {E}.<br />
archives orales {F} * see oral his<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
archives sonores {F} * see audio archives {E}.<br />
archives textuelles {F} * see textual records {E}.<br />
archives video {F} * see video archives {E}.<br />
Archivfähigkeit (materielle Eignung zu dauernder<br />
archivischer verwahrung) {D} * see archival quality {E}.<br />
Archivfilm {D} * see archival film {E}.<br />
Archivfolge {D} * see archival succession {E}.<br />
Archivgebäude {D} * see archive {E}.<br />
Archivgesetzgebung {D} * see archival legislation {E}.<br />
Archivgut {D} * see archive; audiovisual archives/records<br />
data {E}.<br />
Archivierung {D} * see archival processing; transfer {E}.<br />
archivisch {D} * see archival {E}.<br />
archivische zuständigkeit {D} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.<br />
archivische zuständigkeits- und eigentumskonflikte {D} *<br />
see conflicting archival claims {E}.<br />
archivist {E} * A person pr<strong>of</strong>essionally occupied in <strong>the</strong><br />
administration <strong>of</strong> archives and/or <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong><br />
archives.22.23. {D= Archivar; Es= archivero (-a); F=<br />
archiviste}.<br />
archiviste {F} * see archivist {E}.<br />
archivística {Es} * see archives administration<br />
archivístico {Es} * see archival (1)(2) {E}.<br />
archivistique {F} * see archival; archives administration {E}.<br />
Archivkar<strong>to</strong>n {D} * see archives box/container {E}.<br />
Archivkopie {D} * see preservation copy; preservation
master; preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
Archivlagerbedingungen {D} * see archival s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
conditions {E}.<br />
Archivmaster {D} * see preservation master {E}.<br />
archivo {Es} * see archive; archive group; record (1);<br />
register {E}.<br />
archivo fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
records/archives {E}.<br />
archivo literario {Es} * see literary archives/records {E}.<br />
archivo oral {Es} * see oral his<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
archivo/s histórico/s {Es} * see archive; literary<br />
archives/records {E}.<br />
archivo/s oral/es {Es} * see oral his<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
archivo sonoro {Es} * see audio archives {E}.<br />
archivología {Es} * see archives administration {E}.<br />
archivonomía {Es} * see archives administration {E}.<br />
archivos {Es} * see machine-readable<br />
archivos audiovisuales {Es} * see audiovisual archives {E}.<br />
archivos cinema<strong>to</strong>gráficos {Es} * see film archives {E}.<br />
archivos iconográficos {Es} * see iconographic archives<br />
{E}.<br />
archivos textuales {Es} * see textual records {E}.<br />
Archivqualität (alterungsbe- ständiges material) {D} * see<br />
archival quality {E}.<br />
Archivrecht {D} * see archival legislation {E}.<br />
Archivregal {D} * see archival rack {E}.<br />
Archivserie {D} * see archive group {E}.<br />
Archivspeicher {D} * see stacks {E}.<br />
Archivsperre {D} * see restricted access {E}.<br />
Archivstandard {D} * see archival standards {E}.<br />
archivtauglich {D} * see archival {E}.<br />
archivtauglicher film {D} * see archival film {E}.<br />
Archivverwaltung {D} * see archives administration {E}.<br />
Archivverwaltungslehre {D} * see archives administration<br />
{E}.<br />
Archivwert {D} * see archival value {E}.<br />
Archivwürdigkeit {D} * see archival value {E}.<br />
arco de carbón {Es} * see carbon-arc lamps {E}.<br />
area {E} * A major section <strong>of</strong> a bibliographic description,<br />
comprising data <strong>of</strong> a particular category or set <strong>of</strong><br />
categories.12. {D= ?; Es= área; sección principal de la<br />
descripción bibliográfica; F= zone de description<br />
bibliographique}.<br />
área {Es} * see area<br />
argenture à sec {F} * see wet silvering {E}.<br />
16<br />
ARL {E} * acronym for Association <strong>of</strong> Research Libraries.<br />
armario {Es} * see cabinet (2) {E}.<br />
armario de secado {Es} * see drying cabinet {E}.<br />
armario metálico {Es} * see rack (1) {E}.<br />
armazón {Es} * see chassis {E}.<br />
armoire de séchage {F} * see drying cabinet {E}.<br />
armónicas (componentes) {Es} * see harmonics {E}.<br />
arrangement {E} * 1) The intellectual operations involved<br />
in <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> records/archives based upon <strong>the</strong><br />
principle <strong>of</strong> provenance, reflecting <strong>the</strong> administrative<br />
structure and/or competence or function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> originating<br />
agency. If this is impossible <strong>the</strong>n an organization based<br />
upon o<strong>the</strong>r criteria adapted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical type or form or<br />
content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> documents, such as an alphabetical,<br />
chronological, geographical, or subject order, may be<br />
used. 2) The physical operations complementary <strong>to</strong> 1),<br />
above, such as numbering, boxing, and shelving.(22.23.)<br />
{D= 1&2) Ordnung; Ordnungsarbeit; Es= 1) clasificatión y<br />
ordenación; 2) acondicionamien<strong>to</strong>; F= arrangement;<br />
arrangement musical; rangement; classement}.<br />
arrangement musical {F} * see arrangement {E}.<br />
arrastre (TV) {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.<br />
arrastre {Es} * see drag {E}.<br />
arrastre de la cinta {Es} * see tape transport {E}.<br />
arreglo {Es} * see disposal {E}.<br />
arrêt (bain d'arrêt) {F} * see s<strong>to</strong>p {E}.<br />
arrêt au<strong>to</strong>matique {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic shut<strong>of</strong>f {E}.<br />
arrêt sur image {F} * see freeze frame; still frame {E}.<br />
arrugas {Es} * see cockle/cockling; crease {E}.<br />
ARSC {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Association for Recorded<br />
Sound Collections {E}.<br />
ARSC/AAA {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Association for<br />
Recorded Sound Collections' Associated Audio Archives<br />
{E}.<br />
art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E} * In moving-image production <strong>the</strong> person in<br />
charge, generally, <strong>of</strong> sets and costumes.(30.) {D=<br />
Artdirek<strong>to</strong>r; Film-Architekt; Es= decorado; escenografía;<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r de escena [escenografía, decorado].\; F=<br />
décorateur; chef décorateur; directeur artistique}.<br />
art original {E} * An original two- or three-dimensional work<br />
<strong>of</strong> art (o<strong>the</strong>r than an art print or a pho<strong>to</strong>graph) created by<br />
an artist (e.g., a painting, drawing, or sculpture, as<br />
contrasted <strong>to</strong> a reproduction <strong>of</strong> a painting, drawing, or<br />
sculpture).(03.) {D= ?; Es= obra de arte original (en<br />
contraposición a una reproducción); F= oeuvre originale<br />
(non reproduite)}.<br />
art print {E} * An engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut,<br />
etc., printed from <strong>the</strong> plate prepared by <strong>the</strong> artist.03. {D=<br />
?; Es= arte impreso; impresión artística; F= oeuvre<br />
reproduite}.<br />
art reproduction {E} * A mechanically reproduced copy <strong>of</strong><br />
a work <strong>of</strong> art, generally as one <strong>of</strong> commercial edition.03.<br />
{D= ?; Es= reproducción de una obra de arte ; F=<br />
reproduction de l'oeuvre artistique}.<br />
Artdirek<strong>to</strong>r {D} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.
arte impreso {Es} * see art print {E}.<br />
artefact {E;F} * see artifact {E}.<br />
artefac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see artifact (1) {E}.<br />
article {F} * see item {E}.<br />
article multimedia multisupport {F} * see multipath {E}.<br />
article multimedia multisupport{F} * see multimedia item<br />
{E}.<br />
artifact {E} * 1) Any object made or modified by one or<br />
more persons.03. 2) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>the</strong> product resulting<br />
from <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> light on a light-sensitive emulsion <strong>to</strong><br />
produce an image. The term excludes images resulting<br />
from a pho<strong>to</strong>mechanical process.42. 3) A spurious signal<br />
produced artificially; generally considered a dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. {D=<br />
Bildeindruck; Es= aspec<strong>to</strong> de la imágen; 1) obje<strong>to</strong><br />
[artefac<strong>to</strong>]; 2) imagen resultado de la incidencia de la luz<br />
sobre una emulsión; 3) señal adulterada producida<br />
artificialmente {Es; F= représentation; artifice; artefact;<br />
aspect de l'image}.<br />
artifactual value {E} * The physical worth <strong>of</strong> an object in<br />
addition <strong>to</strong> (or ra<strong>the</strong>r than) its importance for <strong>the</strong><br />
information it contains. For example, an ordinary edition <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Bible may have artifactual value because <strong>of</strong> its unique<br />
binding; a film because it belonged <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> star <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film;<br />
a recording because it was signed by, or belonged <strong>to</strong>, a<br />
major performer.(37.) {D= ?; Es= valor como obje<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
valeur artefactuelle}.<br />
artifice {F} * see artifact {E}.<br />
artificio de ventilación para escape de gases {Es} * see<br />
decomposition vent {E}.<br />
artista {Es} * see performer {E}.<br />
artiste {F} * see performer; talent {E}.<br />
ar<strong>to</strong>type {E} * see collotype.<br />
ASA {E} * acronym for American Standards Association<br />
{E}.<br />
ASA speed rating {E} * An internationally recognized<br />
system <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ASA for specifying <strong>the</strong> sensitivity or speed <strong>of</strong><br />
still pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials. The standard is also used as<br />
a practical guide for motion picture film cinema<strong>to</strong>graphers.<br />
{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
ASCII {E} * acronym for American Standard Code for<br />
Information Interchange. {E}.<br />
ASI {E} * acronym for American Standards Institute. {E}.<br />
Asien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see entry; registration {E}.<br />
asincrónico {Es} * see asynchronous {E}.<br />
Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros {Es} * see<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound Archives {E} *<br />
Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros {Es} *see<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound and <strong>Audiovisual</strong><br />
Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
aspect ratio {E} * 1) In film, <strong>the</strong> width <strong>of</strong> a screen image in<br />
relation <strong>to</strong> its height. 'Standard' academy aperture is<br />
1.33:1. Standard wide-screen ratios vary from 1.66 <strong>to</strong> 1.85;<br />
anamorphic processes such as CinemaScope and<br />
Panavision are even wider, 2.35 <strong>to</strong> 2.55; see also<br />
Vistavision.(09.) 2) In video, <strong>the</strong> NTSC system ratio is 4:3,<br />
image width <strong>to</strong> its height; it is proposed that HDTV have<br />
16:9 aspect ratio. {D= Bildeindruck; Es= aspec<strong>to</strong> de la<br />
imágen; forma<strong>to</strong> (TV y cine); proporción dimensional; F=<br />
17<br />
format d'image; aspect de l'image; rapport hauteur/largeur<br />
de l'image}.<br />
aspec<strong>to</strong> de la imágen {Es} * see aspect ratio; artifact {E}.<br />
aspec<strong>to</strong> de muro de ladrillo {Es} * see brickwall {E}.<br />
aspec<strong>to</strong> grisáceo {Es} * see greying {E}.<br />
asperezas {Es} * see asperities {E}.<br />
aspérités {F} * see asperities {E}.<br />
asperities {E} * Small projecting or rough imperfections on<br />
<strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape that limit and<br />
cause variations in head-<strong>to</strong>-tape contact.(07.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
asperezas; F= montage par assemblage; bruit d'aspérités;<br />
aspérités}.<br />
asperity noise {E} * 1) Roughness noise. 2) Hiss, caused<br />
by minute imperfections on magnetic tape.(04.07.) {D=<br />
Modulationsrauschen; Es= ruido producido por asperezas;<br />
F= bruit d'aspérités; montage par assemblage}.<br />
assemblage {F} * see mix {E}.<br />
assemblage d'édition {F} * see assemble edit {E}.<br />
assemble edit {E} * 1) To record one segment <strong>of</strong> a<br />
production after ano<strong>the</strong>r in chronological order until <strong>the</strong><br />
production is completed.(35.) 2) A video edit in which a<br />
new control track signal is recorded in phase with <strong>the</strong><br />
original signal already on <strong>the</strong> videotape. Assembly editing<br />
is <strong>the</strong> inverse <strong>of</strong> insert editing where <strong>the</strong> original control<br />
track signal is retained throughout <strong>the</strong> editing process. {D=<br />
?; Es= grabación de una señal sobre la original;<br />
ensamblaje en orden cronológico; F= assemblage<br />
d'édition}.<br />
asservissement {F} * see tracking {D;E}.<br />
asservissement d'un générateur {F} * see gen-lock {E}.<br />
association des industries électroniques du Japon {F} *<br />
see EIAJ {E}.<br />
Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM)<br />
{E} * A U.S. pr<strong>of</strong>essional society concerned with<br />
micrographics, formerly <strong>the</strong> National Micrographics<br />
Association.<br />
Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC) {E} *<br />
A U.S. based association <strong>of</strong> audio dealers, collec<strong>to</strong>rs,<br />
librarians, and archivists.<br />
Association for Recorded Sound Collections' Associated<br />
Audio Archives (ARSC/AAA) {E} * A special committee <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Association for Recorded Sound Collections consisting<br />
<strong>of</strong> representatives <strong>of</strong> sound archives who have chosen <strong>to</strong><br />
work <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in a highly cooperative manner <strong>to</strong><br />
accomplish specific goals and objectives which are set by<br />
<strong>the</strong> group.<br />
Association Internationale d'Archives Sonores {F} * see<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
Association Internationale d'Archives Sonores et<br />
Audiovisuelles {F} * see International Association <strong>of</strong><br />
Sound and <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
astigmatic lens {E} * One which causes light rays <strong>to</strong><br />
converge unequally, thus resulting in imperfect images.<br />
The image produced by such a lens may be sharp in some<br />
areas and out <strong>of</strong> focus in o<strong>the</strong>rs. {D= ?; Es= lente [objetivo]<br />
astigmática; F= objectif astigmatique}.<br />
astigmatism {E;F} * The dis<strong>to</strong>rting property <strong>of</strong> certain<br />
lenses used in some optical pickups <strong>to</strong> generate a focus
signal.39. An <strong>of</strong>f-axis aberration in a lens that causes light<br />
rays <strong>to</strong> converge unequally, thus resulting in imperfect<br />
images. It is a defect from which all vertical and horizontal<br />
lines near <strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field cannot both be accurately<br />
focused at <strong>the</strong> same time. In effect it prevents sharp<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> perpendicular lines at <strong>the</strong> same focal distance;<br />
see astigmatic lens. {D= ?; Es= astigmatismo}.<br />
astigmatismo {Es} * see astigmatism {E;F}.<br />
ASTM {E} * acronym for American Society for Testing<br />
and Materials.<br />
asynchrone {F} * see asynchronous {E}.<br />
asynchronous {E} * A descriptive term illustrating that two<br />
or more electronic signals do no coincide in <strong>the</strong>ir timing<br />
relationships; <strong>the</strong> inverse <strong>of</strong> synchronous. {D= ?; Es=<br />
asincrónico; F= asynchrone; objectif astigmatique; non<br />
synchrone; objectif astigmatique}.<br />
asynchronous sound {E} * Somewhat like commentative<br />
sound, whose source is not visible in <strong>the</strong> moving-image<br />
scene, <strong>of</strong>ten used in counterpoint <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> action on <strong>the</strong><br />
screen. The opposite <strong>of</strong> actual sound; see also<br />
synchronous sound.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido asincrónico;<br />
F= son asynchrone}.<br />
Ateliersekretärin {D} * see script girl {D;E;F}.<br />
atenuación de ruido {Es} * see noise reduction {E}.<br />
atenuacíon {Es} * see attenuate; attenuation {E}.<br />
atenuador {Es} * see fader {E}.<br />
atenuante {Es} * see attenua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
atenuar {Es} * see attenuate {E}.<br />
atmen {D} * see breathing {E}.<br />
ATR {E} * acronym for audio tape recorder. {D= ?; Es=<br />
Grabador de Cinta y Audio (magnetófono); F=<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>phone}.<br />
atrapa (dispositivo) iones {Es} * see ion trap {E}.<br />
atribu<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see attribute {E}.<br />
attenuate {E} * To weaken a given electrical signal, such<br />
as volume level, by reducing its level by means <strong>of</strong> a<br />
volume or loudness control.(50.16.) {D= abschwächen;<br />
dämpfen; ausblenden; Es= atenuacíon; atenuar; F=<br />
atténuer}.<br />
atténuateur {F} * see attenua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
attenuation {E} * The decrease <strong>of</strong> signal strength as it<br />
progresses from source <strong>to</strong> receiver.(07.) {D=<br />
Abschwächung; Dämpfung; Es= atenuación; F=<br />
affaiblissement; atténuation}.<br />
atténuation {F} * see attenuation {E}.<br />
attenua<strong>to</strong>r {E} * Electronic circuitry which weakens a given<br />
electrical signal by reducing its level; may be a volume or<br />
loudness control. {D= ?; Es= atenuante; F= atténuateur}.<br />
atténuer {F} * see attenuate {E}.<br />
attribut {F} * see attribute {E}.<br />
attribute {E} * 1) A feature <strong>of</strong> a mechanical device. 2) A<br />
characteristic type <strong>of</strong> data (e.g. type, structure, element <strong>of</strong><br />
a model, or system). 3) A word that describes <strong>the</strong> manner<br />
in which a variable is handled by a computer. {D= ?; Es=<br />
atribu<strong>to</strong>; F= attribut}.<br />
18<br />
audible frequencies {E} * see audible <strong>to</strong>nes.<br />
audible <strong>to</strong>nes {E} * Sounds with wave frequencies which<br />
<strong>the</strong> average human can hear and which range from 16 <strong>to</strong><br />
20,000 Hz; also known as audible frequencies.16. {D=<br />
Hörbereich; ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>nos audibles; F= <strong>to</strong>ns perceptibles;<br />
fréquence perceptibles; fréquences audibles}.<br />
audio {E;F} * 1) From <strong>the</strong> Latin meaning <strong>to</strong> hear. 2) In<br />
moving-image production, an all inclusive term used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe <strong>the</strong> recording, transmission, reproduction, and<br />
reception <strong>of</strong> sound. 3) The equipment used for <strong>the</strong><br />
recording and reproduction <strong>of</strong> sound. 4) The audio portion<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum; see also sound recording. {D= Audio; Es=<br />
producción sonora; sonido; señal de sonido; F= son}.<br />
audio archives {E} * 1) Archives which collect sound<br />
recordings with related documents (i.e., pic<strong>to</strong>rial, textual,<br />
etc.). 2) An institution responsible for <strong>the</strong> acquisition,<br />
preservation, and communication <strong>of</strong> sound recordings and<br />
related materials irrespective <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir provenance and/or<br />
archival character; also known as sound archives; see also<br />
archives. (23.){D= Schallarchiv; Tonarchive; Es= archivo<br />
sonoro; F= archives sonores}.<br />
audio digital {Es} * see digital audio {E}.<br />
audio disc {E} * A sound recording on a thin, flat circular<br />
object, usually made <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r shellac, vinyl, or various<br />
laminates. The signal may be ei<strong>the</strong>r analogue or digital,<br />
and recorded/played using acoustical, electrical, magnetic,<br />
or optical technology. The most common speeds <strong>of</strong><br />
acoustical or electrical recordings are 78-, 45-, 33a-, and<br />
16b-RPM. Synonymous with phonodisc and phonograph<br />
record. The analogue disc, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with audio cylinders,<br />
belongs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> category <strong>of</strong> mechanical sound carriers. The<br />
disc usually carries <strong>the</strong> signal in a laterally, sometimes<br />
vertically modulated spiral. With <strong>the</strong> acoustic or electrical<br />
analogue disc a stylus on <strong>the</strong> playback device follows <strong>the</strong><br />
groove as <strong>the</strong> disc revolves; <strong>the</strong> modulations in <strong>the</strong> groove<br />
cause <strong>the</strong> stylus <strong>to</strong> vibrate; and <strong>the</strong> vibrations are<br />
converted by <strong>the</strong> playback system in<strong>to</strong> equivalent<br />
analogue signals. The first worldwide accepted standard<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audio disc was developed by Emile Berliner.<br />
Generally <strong>the</strong> audio disc is unders<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> be a system for<br />
<strong>the</strong> mass production <strong>of</strong> a given recording, whereby a<br />
master (record) is galvanoplastically processed <strong>to</strong> produce<br />
durable stampers for <strong>the</strong> pressing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> actual discs <strong>to</strong> be<br />
mass distributed. However, before <strong>the</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
recording, discs <strong>of</strong> certain materials were used for making<br />
and playing back instantaneous recordings. Since 1983<br />
analogue discs are being replaced by digital audio discs,<br />
specifically compact discs; see also coarse groove disc;<br />
compact disc; fa<strong>the</strong>r; master; matrix; metal parts;<br />
microgroove disc; mo<strong>the</strong>r; shellac record; vinyl disc. {D=<br />
Schallplatte; Es= audiodisco; F= disque audio; disque}.<br />
audio frame synchronizer {E} * see audio synchronizer {E}.<br />
audio frequencies {E} * Frequencies that can be heard by<br />
<strong>the</strong> human ear, approximately 20 <strong>to</strong> 20,000 hertz.39. {D=<br />
Hörfrequenzen; Hörbereich; Es= audi<strong>of</strong>recuencias; F=<br />
audi<strong>of</strong>réquences; fréquences audio}.<br />
audio frequency modulation (AFM) {E} * A method <strong>of</strong><br />
recording audio in <strong>the</strong> video area <strong>of</strong> a video recording<br />
yielding a higher quality signal than <strong>the</strong> standard<br />
longitudinal tracks. These tracks can only be recorded<br />
along with video and cannot be recorded separately. {D=<br />
?; Es= modulación de audi<strong>of</strong>recuencias; F= modulation de<br />
fréquence audio (fm)}.<br />
audio reel {E} * An open reel holding audio tape which is<br />
<strong>to</strong> be recorded or played reel <strong>to</strong> reel; synonymous with<br />
audio tape reel, sound tape reel, and sound tape<br />
spool.(01.) {D= Tonbandspule; Es= cinta magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica;<br />
F= bande audio à bobines libres; bobine d'audio}.
audio spectrum {E} * The range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> electromagnetic<br />
wave spectrum audible <strong>to</strong> humans that ranges<br />
approximately from 15 Hz <strong>to</strong> 20,000 Hz; see also audio<br />
frequencies.(04.07.) {D= Tonband; Es= audioespectro; F=<br />
spectre audio}.<br />
audio synchronizer {E} * Electronic device which controls<br />
<strong>the</strong> time relationship between audio and its associated<br />
video. In video production, this device became necessary<br />
when excessive video processing caused <strong>the</strong> audio <strong>to</strong> be<br />
out-<strong>of</strong>-sync with <strong>the</strong> video; also known as audio frame<br />
synchronizer. {D= ?; Es= sincronizador de audio; F=<br />
synchroniseur son}.<br />
audio tape {E} * A magnetic band, belt or strip, composed<br />
<strong>of</strong> three parts base, binder or adhesive, and recording<br />
surface intended for <strong>the</strong> recording/playing <strong>of</strong> sound<br />
recordings. Made usually with a base material <strong>of</strong> polyester,<br />
but can be with paper or cellulose acetate. The recording<br />
surface is attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base with a binder or adhesive.<br />
The tape is pulled over a record or playback head <strong>to</strong><br />
record/play a magnetic signal ei<strong>the</strong>r analogue or digital.<br />
The most common speeds <strong>of</strong> audio tapes are 15-, 7½-,<br />
3¾-, and 1#-IPS; see also cassettes; cartridges; magnetic<br />
tape; phonotape. {D= Tonband; Es= cinta de audio; F=<br />
bande magnétique audio; bande son}.<br />
Audio {D} * see audio {E}.<br />
Audio Engineering Society (AES) {E} * An international<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional engineering society that, among o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
activities, helps establish standards related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> audio<br />
field.<br />
Audio Noise Reduction System (ANRS) {D;E;Es;F} * The<br />
Japanese Vic<strong>to</strong>r Co.'s noise reduction system, very similar<br />
<strong>to</strong> Dolby B.<br />
audiodisco {Es} * see audio disc {E}.<br />
audioespectro {Es} * see audio spectrum {E}.<br />
audi<strong>of</strong>recuencias {Es} * see audio frequencies {E}.<br />
audi<strong>of</strong>réquences {F} * see audio frequencies {E}.<br />
audiography {E} * see discography.<br />
audionumérique {F} * see digital audio {E}.<br />
audiovisual {E;Es} * A term normally applied <strong>to</strong> modify or<br />
qualify non-book collections <strong>of</strong> audio and moving- and stillimages,<br />
as well as such carriers as micr<strong>of</strong>ilm -fiche,<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, prints, etc. {D= audiovisuell; F= audiovisuel}.<br />
audiovisual archives {E} * Archives in pic<strong>to</strong>rial and/or aural<br />
form, regardless <strong>of</strong> format, including related textual<br />
documents; see also audio archives; film archives;<br />
iconographic archives; pho<strong>to</strong>graphic archives; video<br />
archives.(22.) {D= audiovisuelle Archive; Es= documen<strong>to</strong>s<br />
audiovisuales; archivos audiovisuales; F= archives<br />
audiovisuelles}.<br />
audiovisual archives/records data {E} * Records/archives<br />
in pic<strong>to</strong>rial and/or aural form, regardless <strong>of</strong> format,<br />
including related materials in o<strong>the</strong>r formats.22.23. {D=<br />
Bilddokumentation; Filmdokumentation;<br />
Tondokumentation; Bildarchivgut; Filmarchivgut;<br />
Tonarchivgut; Dokumentation; Archivgut; Es= documen<strong>to</strong>s<br />
audiovisuales; F= archives audiovisuelles}.<br />
audiovisuel {F} * see audiovisual {E;Es}.<br />
audiovisuell {D} * see audiovisual {E}.<br />
audiovisuelle Archive {D} * see audiovisual archives {E}.<br />
Aufbewahrung {D} * see preservation {E;F}.<br />
19<br />
Auflage {D} * see pressing {E}.<br />
Auflagekraft {D} * see stylus force {E}.<br />
Auflösung {D} * see definition {E}.<br />
Aufnahme {D} * see record; shot {E}.<br />
Aufnahme-bildröhre {D} * see camera tube {E}.<br />
Aufnahmegerät {D} * see recorder {E}.<br />
Aufnahmegruppe {D} * see direct positive {E}.<br />
Aufnahmekopf {D} * see recording head {E}.<br />
aufnahmen {D} * see record {E}.<br />
Aufnahmeplatte {D} * see instantaneous disc {E}.<br />
Aufnahmeschicht {D} * see recording layer {E}.<br />
Aufnahmesitzung {D} * see recording session {E}.<br />
Aufnahmetrichter {D} * see recording horn {E}.<br />
Aufnahmewachs {D} * see wax disc {E}.<br />
Aufwickelbandzug {D} * see take-up tension {E}.<br />
Aufwickelspule {D} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
augmentation de la densité pendant le tirage<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphique {F} * see buildup {E}.<br />
augmented channel system {E} * A way <strong>of</strong> gaining more<br />
VHF channel capacity on a conventional single cable<br />
system through <strong>the</strong> installation <strong>of</strong> subscriber set-<strong>to</strong>p<br />
conver<strong>to</strong>rs. {D= ?; Es= sistema de transmisión multicanal<br />
por cable; F= système de transmission multicanaux par<br />
câble}.<br />
aumentador (químico o electrónico) {Es} * see extender<br />
{E}.<br />
aumen<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see magnification {E}.<br />
aumen<strong>to</strong> de la señal de vídeo {Es} * see aperture<br />
correction (1, 2) {E}.<br />
aumen<strong>to</strong>, dilatación de la emulsión {Es} * see swelling <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> emulsion {E}.<br />
aumen<strong>to</strong> en la densidad debido a la liberación de plata<br />
metálica {Es} * see buildup (4) {E}.<br />
aureola {Es} * see halation {E}.<br />
auriculares {Es} * see can (2){E}; headphones {E}.<br />
ausblenden {D} * see attenuate; fade; iris-in/iris-out {E}.<br />
Außenaufnahme {D} * see field recording {E}.<br />
Außenhülle {D} * see cover {E}.<br />
Ausgabe {D} * see issue {E}.<br />
Ausgang {D} * see output {E}.<br />
Ausgangssignal {D} * see output {E}.<br />
Auslaufserie {D} * see chronological file {E}.<br />
Ausleihe {D} * see loan {E}.<br />
Ausleuchtung {D} * see lighting {E}.
Auslösung {D} * see resolution {E}.<br />
Ausnahmegenehmigung {D} * see clearance {E}.<br />
Ausrichtung {D} * see orientation direction {E}.<br />
Aussenstelle {D} * see branch reposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
Aussonderung {D} * see disposal {E}.<br />
Ausstellung {D} * see exhibition {E}.<br />
Ausstellungsvitrine {D} * see display case {E}.<br />
ausstrahlen {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.<br />
Auswertung {D} * see evaluation {E}.<br />
Auszug {D} * see excerpt {E}.<br />
autenticación {Es} * see au<strong>the</strong>ntication {E}.<br />
autentificar {Es} * see au<strong>the</strong>ntication {E}.<br />
auteur {E;F} * In moving-image production, a <strong>the</strong>ory which<br />
postulates that one person has <strong>the</strong> artistic responsibility for<br />
a film, usually <strong>the</strong> direc<strong>to</strong>r. Therefore, films can be studied<br />
like novels and paintings; see also cahiers du cinema;<br />
metteur en scene; politique des auteurs.(30.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
(cine) teoría que defiende la responsabilidad artística del<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r}.<br />
au<strong>the</strong>ntication {E} * The determination that a document or<br />
a reproduction <strong>of</strong> a document is what it purports <strong>to</strong><br />
be.22.23. {D= Ech<strong>the</strong>itsbestätigung; Es= autenticación;<br />
autentificar {Es; F= au<strong>the</strong>ntification}.<br />
au<strong>the</strong>ntification {F} * see au<strong>the</strong>ntication {E}.<br />
authoring system {E} * Programmes and equipment which<br />
enable non-programmers <strong>to</strong> write inter-active and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
programmes, espe-cially for CD-I.39. {D= ?; Es= sistema<br />
protegido; F= système protégé}.<br />
authority file {E} * The data, ei<strong>the</strong>r manual or au<strong>to</strong>mated,<br />
in which cataloguers document <strong>the</strong> accepted form <strong>of</strong><br />
names, titles, subjects, and genres which are acceptable<br />
in a given catalogue or file. {D= ?; Es= ficha de au<strong>to</strong>ridad;<br />
F= fichier d'au<strong>to</strong>rité}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong> démagnétisation {F} * see self-demagnetization {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong> effacement {F} * see self erasure {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong> focus {E} * 1) For pitted optical digital media <strong>the</strong><br />
method used <strong>to</strong> maintain <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> objective lens on<br />
<strong>the</strong> pit surface.(39.) 2) The process on some cameras by<br />
which <strong>the</strong> focus is au<strong>to</strong>matic. {D= ?; Es= 1) enfoque<br />
au<strong>to</strong>mático; 2) mantenimien<strong>to</strong> de enfoque; F= aut<strong>of</strong>ocus;<br />
à mise au point au<strong>to</strong>matique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong> framing {E} * A feature in video production which<br />
causes <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p horizontal line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incoming video and<br />
<strong>the</strong> playback signal <strong>to</strong> be in <strong>the</strong> same field. {D= ?; Es=<br />
convergencia au<strong>to</strong>mática; F= tramage au<strong>to</strong>matique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong> tracking {E} * For optical digital media <strong>the</strong> method<br />
used <strong>to</strong> maintain tracking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> LASER spot on <strong>the</strong> pit<br />
track.(39.) {D= ?; Es= seguimien<strong>to</strong> [tracking] au<strong>to</strong>mático;<br />
F= suivi de piste; pistage}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>borrado {Es} * see self erasure {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>catalítico {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>catalytic {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>catalytic {E} * A self-sustaining decomposition process<br />
<strong>of</strong> a chemical compound, <strong>of</strong>ten accompanied by a very<br />
rapid release <strong>of</strong> energy.53. {D= au<strong>to</strong>katalytisch; Es=<br />
20<br />
au<strong>to</strong>catalítico; F= au<strong>to</strong>catalytique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>catalytique {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>catalytic {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>desmagnetización {Es} * see self-demagnetization {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>exposición {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic exposure {E}.<br />
aut<strong>of</strong>ocus {F} * see au<strong>to</strong> focus {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>katalytisch {D} * see au<strong>to</strong>catalytic {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic data processing (ADP) {E} * 1) Au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
operations, ei<strong>the</strong>r by mechanical or electronic equipment,<br />
permitting <strong>the</strong> rapid exploitation <strong>of</strong> large quantities <strong>of</strong><br />
data.22. 2 ) The preparing <strong>of</strong> information with <strong>the</strong> aid or<br />
use <strong>of</strong> machines or computers. {D= Au<strong>to</strong>matisierte<br />
Datenverarbeitung (ADV); Elektronische<br />
Datenverarbeiteung (EDV); Es= proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s; proceso<br />
de da<strong>to</strong>s au<strong>to</strong>mático; F= traitement au<strong>to</strong>matique des<br />
donnés; traitement au<strong>to</strong>matique informatique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic exposure {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processes,<br />
exposure control by pho<strong>to</strong>electric means for maintaining<br />
substantially constant exposure in <strong>the</strong> focal plane for a<br />
range <strong>of</strong> field lumi-nance.(40.) {D= ?; Es= au<strong>to</strong>exposición;<br />
F= exposition au<strong>to</strong>matique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic frequency control (AFC) {E} * Electronic circuitry<br />
which au<strong>to</strong>matically controls <strong>the</strong> frequency <strong>of</strong> an oscilla<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
{D= ?; Es= control au<strong>to</strong>mático de frecuencia; F= contrôle<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matique de fréquence}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic gain control (AGC) {E} * The electronic circuit<br />
which alters and adjusts <strong>the</strong> volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound and/or<br />
<strong>the</strong> brightness <strong>of</strong> a recorded picture <strong>to</strong> predetermined<br />
levels.(35.) {D= au<strong>to</strong>matische Aussteuerung: Es= control<br />
au<strong>to</strong>mático de ganancia; F= contrôle au<strong>to</strong>matique de<br />
gain}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic precision exposure system (apex system) {E} *<br />
A method <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic exposure rating. {D= ?; Es=<br />
sistema preciso de exposición au<strong>to</strong>mática; F= système<br />
d'exposition au<strong>to</strong>matique de précision (système APEX)}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic scan tracking {E} * An au<strong>to</strong>matic means <strong>of</strong><br />
causing a video playback head <strong>to</strong> track <strong>the</strong> recorded<br />
signals on tape. {D= ?; Es= barrido de seguimien<strong>to</strong><br />
au<strong>to</strong>mático; F= balayage de piste}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic shut<strong>of</strong>f {E} * A special switch which<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matically s<strong>to</strong>ps equipment when a particular event<br />
occurs (i.e., when <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>of</strong> a tape recording breaks or<br />
runs out; when <strong>the</strong> temperature and/or relative humidity<br />
reach a predetermined level).(50.) {D= ?; Es= desconexión<br />
au<strong>to</strong>mática; F= arrêt au<strong>to</strong>matique}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic target control {E} * Electronic circuitry in which<br />
<strong>the</strong> target voltage <strong>of</strong> a video vidicon tube is au<strong>to</strong>matically<br />
adjusted as a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene brightness. {D= ?; Es=<br />
control au<strong>to</strong>mático de la tensión [voltaje] del blanco; F=<br />
contrôle au<strong>to</strong>matique de tension de la cible}.<br />
Au<strong>to</strong>matic Cassette Recorder {D;E;Es;F} * A video tape<br />
recorder made by Ampex which utilized a 2" quadruplex<br />
videotape housed in a cassette for rapid play and cue.<br />
RCA competed in this market with its own TCR cassette<br />
which is not interchangeable.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matische aussteuerung {D} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic gain<br />
control (AGC) {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matisierte Datenverarbeitung (adv) {D} * see<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic data processing (ADP) {E}.<br />
au<strong>to</strong>rización de consulta {Es} * see a field {E} * In CD-ROM<br />
mode 1, a 288 byte field used for extended EDC/EDU. In<br />
CD-OM mode 2, a 280 byte field <strong>of</strong> user data.(39.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= campo de da<strong>to</strong>s auxiliar; F= champ de données
auxiliaires}.<br />
available-light pho<strong>to</strong>graphy {E} * A camera technique<br />
which uses no extra, artificial illumination beyond that<br />
present in <strong>the</strong> scene being pho<strong>to</strong>graphed.(30.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía con la luz ambiental disponible; F= pho<strong>to</strong>graphie<br />
à la lumière naturelle}.<br />
avance (cine) {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.<br />
avance {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.<br />
avance de sincronización {Es} * see sync advance {E}.<br />
avance rapide {F} * see fast forward {E}.<br />
avance rápido {Es} * see fast forward {E}.<br />
avance son {F} * see sync advance {E}.<br />
avant tître {E;F} * In library usage, o<strong>the</strong>r title information<br />
introducing <strong>the</strong> title proper and occurring above <strong>the</strong> item's<br />
title proper on <strong>the</strong> prescribed source <strong>of</strong> information for <strong>the</strong><br />
title and statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility.12. {D= ?; Es= forma<strong>to</strong><br />
de títulos}.<br />
avant-garde {E;F} * 1) Something which employs new,<br />
original techniques and experimental approaches. 2) In<br />
motion pictures, <strong>the</strong> first experimental movement which<br />
began in Europe around 1920. {D= ?; Es= nueva ola}.<br />
average gradient {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> contrast <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
image, representing <strong>the</strong> slope <strong>of</strong> a portion <strong>of</strong> a<br />
characteristic curve.09. {D= ?; Es= gradiente medio; F=<br />
gradient moyen}.<br />
aviso {Es} * see cue {E}.<br />
axe {F} * see axis; spindle {E}.<br />
axe d'entraînement {F} * see straight edge {E}.<br />
axial {F} * see abaxial {E}.<br />
axis {E;Es} * In optics, an imaginary horizontal line passing<br />
through <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> every component part <strong>of</strong> an optical<br />
system. {D= ?; F= axe}.<br />
ayant droit {F} * see claimant {E}.<br />
ayants droit {F} * see claimant {E}.<br />
ayudante del realizador {Es} * see script girl {D;E;F}.<br />
Azetat {D} * see acetate {E}.<br />
Azetatfilm {D} * see acetate film {E}.<br />
Azetatplatte {D} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
Azetatträger {D} * see acetate base {E}.<br />
Azetatträgerbasis {D} * see acetate base {E}.<br />
Aze<strong>to</strong>n {D} * see ace<strong>to</strong>ne {E}.<br />
azimuth adjustment {E} * The adjustment <strong>of</strong> magnetic<br />
record and/or reproducing head/s for exact alignment <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> head gap with a correctly recorded magnetic pattern.<br />
Such adjustments are <strong>of</strong> prime importance for optimum<br />
high frequency (for short wave length) performance and<br />
recorder-<strong>to</strong>-recorder compatibility. The angle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head<br />
gap is so set <strong>to</strong> obtain optimum high frequency response<br />
since misalignment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gaps causes a loss in output at<br />
short wavelengths. In analogue magnetic tape recording<br />
<strong>the</strong> angle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head gap is at right angles <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> direction<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape travel. In several helical-scan video formats, as<br />
well as in R-DAT, azimuth angles <strong>of</strong> adjacent track differ<br />
(e.g., +/- 15°); see also head alignment.(04.07.16.46.50.)<br />
21<br />
{D= Spalteinstellung; Es= alineamien<strong>to</strong> azimutal; F=<br />
réglage d'azimut; ajustement azimuth}.<br />
azo dye {E} * A moderately transparent light-sensitive dye<br />
used in diazo film.01. {D= ?; Es= colorante azoíco; F=<br />
colorant azo}.<br />
azul {Es} * see blue {E}.<br />
azul de metileno {Es} * see methylene blue {E}.<br />
b ---<br />
b {E} * Abbreviation <strong>of</strong> Bel.<br />
b picture {E} * When double feature motion pictures were<br />
<strong>the</strong> rule, quick, cheap pictures were made <strong>to</strong> fill <strong>the</strong> double<br />
bill. The equivalent <strong>to</strong>day is <strong>the</strong> made-for-tv film.30. {D= ?;<br />
Es= películas de serie B; F= image b}.<br />
B reel {E} * TV production technique in which <strong>the</strong> main<br />
source <strong>of</strong> video or film is designated as <strong>the</strong> "A" reel while<br />
<strong>the</strong> secondary source is <strong>the</strong> "B" reel; see A-B roll. {D= ?;<br />
Es= bobina B; F= source secondaire; bobine B}.<br />
b-wind picture {E} * A manner <strong>of</strong> winding film or tape on<strong>to</strong><br />
a hub so that <strong>the</strong> coated surface faces away from <strong>the</strong> hub.<br />
The image reads properly when viewed through <strong>the</strong> base<br />
and projects properly with <strong>the</strong> emulsion <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong><br />
screen, b-wind pictures are produced from normal<br />
exposures in <strong>the</strong> camera on negative or reversal film; see<br />
also a-wind picture. {D= ?; Es= filme de enrollado tipo b;<br />
F= film avec enroulement extérieur; type b}.<br />
b-wind printing {E} * see a and b wind printing.<br />
b-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck {E} * A manner <strong>of</strong> winding a 16 mm roll <strong>of</strong><br />
raw s<strong>to</strong>ck, perforated along only one edge, so that when<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film leaves <strong>the</strong> roll at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p and <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right<br />
<strong>the</strong> perforations are away from <strong>the</strong> observer. Such film is<br />
used for camera film, for making optical prints, and on bidirect-ional<br />
printers; see also a-wind {raw s<strong>to</strong>ck}.(09.) {D=<br />
?; Es= filme (material virgen) de enrollado tipo b; F= film<br />
vierge avec enroulement extérieur}.<br />
baby spot {E} * A low wattage spotlight, usually 400 watts<br />
or less. {D= ?; Es= iluminación proyectada de baja<br />
intensidad; F= (500 ou 750W); petit projecteur; projecteur<br />
spot}.<br />
bac {F} * see bin {E}.<br />
bac à films {F} * see bin {E}.<br />
back coating {E} * A thin conductive coating applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic side <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape <strong>to</strong> improve winding<br />
qualities.(06.) {D= Rückseitenbeschichtung;<br />
Rückseitenmattierung; Beschichtung; Es= revestimen<strong>to</strong><br />
dorsal; F= couche dorsale; revêtement dorsal}.<br />
-back film {E} * see anti-halation coating.<br />
back porch {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal during<br />
horizontal blanking that follows <strong>the</strong> horizontal sync pulse<br />
and continues <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> active video. {D= ?; Es=<br />
señal de vídeo; F= balayage re<strong>to</strong>ur}.<br />
back projection {E} * Also called 'rear projection'. A<br />
process in which a scene is projected from behind on<strong>to</strong> a<br />
screen behind <strong>the</strong> ac<strong>to</strong>rs so that it appears that <strong>the</strong> ac<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
are in a different setting. Back projection can save time<br />
and money but is <strong>of</strong>ten rejected at present in favour <strong>of</strong><br />
front projection, a much more effective system.30. {D=<br />
Hintergrund-Projektion; Es= proyección por transparencia;<br />
F= projection arrière; projection par transparence}.<br />
back rod (guide rod) {E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> equipment on <strong>the</strong>
ack side <strong>of</strong> several early cylinder machines on which <strong>the</strong><br />
recorder and/or reproducer apparatus pivoted. When<br />
situated below or forward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mandrel <strong>the</strong> back rod was<br />
called <strong>the</strong> guide rod and, on later Edison machines, had an<br />
oil groove cut in<strong>to</strong> it. {D= ?; Es= varilla guía ; F= barre<br />
guide}.<br />
back-light {E} * Illumination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject from behind <strong>to</strong><br />
produce a highlight along its edge in a video production.<br />
{D= ?; Es= iluminación a contraluz ; F= éclairage en<br />
contre-jour}.<br />
back-space edi<strong>to</strong>r {E} * A video edit controller that<br />
generally controls two machines, a player and a recorder.<br />
The back-space edi<strong>to</strong>r cues both machines ahead <strong>of</strong> an<br />
edit point, rolls <strong>the</strong> machines <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, and performs an<br />
edit at a specified point. The accuracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> back-space<br />
edi<strong>to</strong>r is determined by ei<strong>the</strong>r clock time, control track, or<br />
time code signals. {D= ?; Es= controlador de edi<strong>to</strong>r de<br />
vídeo; F= ?}.<br />
back-<strong>to</strong>-back row/shelving {E} * Two rows or ranges <strong>of</strong><br />
shelving immediately adjacent <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r along <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
long axis.22.23. {D= Doppelregal; Doppelreihen; Es=<br />
estantería doble faz; F= épi double}.<br />
background density {E} * The opacity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> noninformation<br />
area <strong>of</strong> a micr<strong>of</strong>orm; see also density.40. {D=<br />
?; Es= densidad de fondo; F= densité de fond}.<br />
backing {E} * 1) For magnetic recordings, <strong>the</strong> base on<br />
which <strong>the</strong> magnetic oxide coating is carried. It gives<br />
strength and permits flexibility, and its thickness ensures<br />
that <strong>the</strong> physical separation <strong>of</strong> successive layers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic coating in magnetic tape is sufficient <strong>to</strong> hinder<br />
print-through. Common materials are acetate, polyvinyl<br />
chloride, and polyester; paper was used in <strong>the</strong> early days<br />
<strong>of</strong> tape. The base <strong>of</strong> a laminated disc is known as <strong>the</strong><br />
core.(04.16.) 2) For laminated disc recordings this backing<br />
or base is known as <strong>the</strong> core, made usually <strong>of</strong> metal,<br />
glass, or cardboard. 3) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a) a dark layer<br />
affixed <strong>to</strong> a film base in order <strong>to</strong> reduce halation or <strong>to</strong><br />
improve daylight loading characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film;<br />
synonymous with antihalation coating, or b) <strong>the</strong> flexible<br />
material, usually polyester or cellulose acetate, which is<br />
used as <strong>the</strong> carrier for <strong>the</strong> emulsion; see also base<br />
support. (01.16.){D= Träger; Trägerschicht; Es= soporte de<br />
refuerzo; F= couche anti-halo; enduit; renforcement;<br />
support (ruban)}.<br />
backing removal {E} * Elimination, usually during<br />
processing, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> antihalation backing coated on <strong>the</strong> base<br />
side <strong>of</strong> many types <strong>of</strong> motion picture film. {D= ?; Es=<br />
eliminación de la capa antihalo; eliminación del soporte de<br />
refuerzo; F= élimination de la couche anti-halo;<br />
enlèvement de reforcement}.<br />
backlighting {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic and moving-image<br />
technique where <strong>the</strong> main source <strong>of</strong> light is behind <strong>the</strong><br />
subject, silhouetting it, directed <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> camera; see<br />
also keylight; filler light.(30.) {D= Gegenlicht; Hintergrund-<br />
Ausleuchtung; Es= contraluz; illuminación de contraluz; F=<br />
contre-jour; décrochage; éclairage de fond; éclairage en<br />
contre-jour}.<br />
backup copy {E} * In broadcasting, a transmission quality<br />
duplicate used as a safety copy in case <strong>of</strong> failure during<br />
transmission; also known as stand by copy.(06.) {D=<br />
Sicherheitskopie; Es= copia de seguridad; F= de<br />
sauvegarde; de securité}.<br />
Bad {D} * see bath {E}.<br />
baffle {E;F} * The panel on which most audio sound<br />
system speakers are mounted, usually <strong>the</strong> front panel <strong>of</strong><br />
an enclosure.50. {D= ?; Es= pantalla acústica; F= écran<br />
acoustique}.<br />
22<br />
bafle reflec<strong>to</strong>r de bajos {Es} * see bass reflex speaker<br />
enclosure {E}.<br />
baie {F} * see bay {E}.<br />
bain {F} * see bath {E}.<br />
bain d'arrêt {F} * see s<strong>to</strong>p bath {E}.<br />
baja frecuencia {Es} * see low frequency {E}.<br />
baja resolución {Es} * see low resolution {E}.<br />
bajo contraste {Es} * see low contrast {E}.<br />
Bakelite {D;E;Es;F} * A syn<strong>the</strong>tic resin developed in <strong>the</strong><br />
early part <strong>of</strong> this century and widely used as a substitute<br />
for hard rubber or celluloid. It was used in <strong>the</strong> production<br />
<strong>of</strong> some phonograph records, and is almost identical <strong>to</strong><br />
Condensite used by Edison in <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> his Diamond<br />
Discs.04.<br />
balance {Es} * see <strong>of</strong>fset {E}.<br />
balance de couleur {F} * see colour balance {E}.<br />
balance stripe {E} * The narrow strip <strong>of</strong> magnetic material<br />
running lengthwise along <strong>the</strong> opposite edge from <strong>the</strong><br />
soundtrack on a piece <strong>of</strong> magnetic stripe motion picture<br />
film. The purpose <strong>of</strong> such a band is <strong>to</strong> ensure that <strong>the</strong> film<br />
is <strong>the</strong> same thickness at both edges so that it winds evenly<br />
on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> reel. It is sometimes used <strong>to</strong> record half <strong>of</strong> a<br />
stereo soundtrack. {D= ?; Es= pista de balance<br />
[compensación]; F= piste de compensation}.<br />
balayage de piste {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic scan tracking {E}.<br />
balayage de trame {F} * see field per scan {E}.<br />
balayage entrelacé {F} * see interlace scanning; interlaced<br />
scan {E}.<br />
balayage grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed scanning<br />
{E}.<br />
balayage mécanique {F} * see mechanical scanning {E}.<br />
balayage segmenté {F} * see segmented scan {E}.<br />
balayage vertical {F} * see field per scan {E}.<br />
balda {Es} * see shelf {E}.<br />
ball chart {E} * A video test chart used <strong>to</strong> adjust picture<br />
linearity. Also called a linearity chart. {D= ?; Es= carta de<br />
linealidad; F= charte d'étalonnage}.<br />
balourd {F} * see imbalance {E}.<br />
banco de da<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see data bank {E}.<br />
band {E} * see cut {E}.<br />
Band {D} * see magnetic tape; track; volume {E;F}.<br />
Band mit geringem kopiereffekt- {D} * see low print tape<br />
{E}.<br />
Band mit hoher lopierdämpfung {D} * see low print tape<br />
{E}.<br />
Band-kopf-kontakt {D} * see head <strong>to</strong> tape contact {E}.<br />
Band-kopf-kontaktprobleme {D} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head<br />
separation changes {E}.<br />
band-pass filter {D;E} * An electronic screen with a<br />
characteristic <strong>to</strong> allow all frequencies between two
specified roll-<strong>of</strong>f frequencies <strong>to</strong> pass and attenuate all<br />
frequencies below and above. {Es= filtro de paso de<br />
banda; F= filtre passe-bande}.<br />
banda {Es} * see track {E}.<br />
banda baja {Es} * see lowband (LB) {D;E}.<br />
banda base {Es} * see baseband {E}.<br />
banda de imagen {Es} * see visuals {E}.<br />
banda de mezcla parcial {Es} * see mix-minus {E}.<br />
banda de mezcla parcial realizada entre varias emisoras<br />
de radio o TV locales (en EEUU) {Es} * see mix-minus-plus<br />
{E}.<br />
banda de música y efec<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * music and effects track<br />
{E}.<br />
banda de música y efec<strong>to</strong>s * see music and effects track<br />
{E}.<br />
banda de protección {Es} * see guard band {E}.<br />
banda específica {Es} * see bandlimited {E}.<br />
banda internacional de sonido {Es} * see music and effects<br />
track {E}.<br />
banda limitada {Es} * see bandlimited {E}.<br />
banda magnética (específicamente) {Es} * see magnetic<br />
tape {E}.<br />
banda magnética (genéricamente) {Es} * see magnetic<br />
tape base {E}.<br />
banda magnética {Es} * see magnetic tape {E}.<br />
banda simple {Es} * see single track {E}.<br />
banda sonora {Es} * see phonotape; soundtrack {E}.<br />
banda sonora bilateral {Es} * see bilateral soundtrack {E}.<br />
banda sonora de área variable {Es} * see variable-area<br />
soundtrack {E}.<br />
banda sonora de densidad fija {Es} * see variable-area<br />
soundtrack; variable-density soundtrack {E}.<br />
banda sonora internacional {Es} * see music and effects<br />
track {E}.<br />
Bandabhebung {D} * see tape lifter {E}.<br />
Bandabrieb {D} * see loose debris {E}.<br />
bandas (horizontales) por micr<strong>of</strong>onía {Es} * see<br />
microphonic bars {E}.<br />
bandas {Es} * see bands {E}.<br />
bandas de título {Es} * see intertitle rolls/title bands {E}.<br />
Bandbegrenzt {D} * see bandlimited {E}.<br />
Bandbreite {D} * see bandwidth {E}.<br />
Banddeformation {D} * see crease {E}.<br />
Banddicke {D} * see <strong>to</strong>tal thickness {E}.<br />
bande {F} * see track {E}.<br />
bande à particules métalliques {F} * see metal particle tape<br />
(MP) {E}.<br />
23<br />
bande amorce {F} * see leader; leader tape {E}.<br />
bande annonce {F} * see preview; trailer {D;E}.<br />
bande audio à bobines libres {F} * see audio reel {E}.<br />
bande audionumérique {F} * see digital audio tape (DAT)<br />
{E}.<br />
bande certifiée {F} * see certified tape {E}.<br />
bande d'actualités {F} * see news film {E}.<br />
bande d'alignement {F} * see alignment tape {E}.<br />
bande de base {F} * see baseband {E}.<br />
bande de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {F} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm strip; unitized film<br />
{E}.<br />
bande de mixage partielle {F} * see mix-minus {E}.<br />
bande de net<strong>to</strong>yage {F} * see green tape {E}.<br />
bande de référence d'amplitude normalisée {F} * see<br />
standard amplitude reference tape {E}.<br />
bande de référence normalisée {F} * see standard<br />
reference tape {E}.<br />
bande de réglage {F} * see alignment tape {E}.<br />
bande faible bruit {F} * see low noise tape {E}.<br />
bande faible effet de copie {F} * see low print tape {E}.<br />
bande/film de net<strong>to</strong>yage {F} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.<br />
bande fréquentielle {F} * see frequency range {E}.<br />
bande image {F} * see visuals {E}.<br />
bande limitée {F} * see bandlimited {E}.<br />
bande longue durée {F} * see extra play tape {E}.<br />
bande magnétique {F} * see magnetic tape {E}.<br />
bande magnétique audio {F} * see audio tape {E}.<br />
bande magnétique numérique {F} * see DCT {E}.<br />
bande master {F} * see master tape {E}.<br />
bande mère {F} * see master {E}.<br />
bande métal à évaporation {F} * see metal evaporated<br />
tape (ME) {E}.<br />
bande musique et effets sonores {F} * see music and<br />
effects track {E}.<br />
bande passante {F} * see bandwidth {E}.<br />
bande perforée {F} * see punched paper tape {E}.<br />
bande préenregistrée {F} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.<br />
bande son {F} * see audio tape; phonotape; soundtrack;<br />
track {E}.<br />
bande son de mixage {F} * see music and effects track {E}.<br />
bande témoin {F} * see control strip {E}.<br />
bande video {F} * see videotape {E}.<br />
bande vidéo de première génération {F} * see firstgeneration<br />
videotape {E}.
ande vidéo master éditée {F} * see edited master<br />
videotape {E}.<br />
bande vidéo originale {F} * see camera original videotape<br />
{E}.<br />
bande vierge {F} * see blank tape {E}.<br />
Bande numérique composante {F} * see Digital<br />
Component Tape {E}.<br />
bandeaux {F} * see bands {E}.<br />
Bandende {D} * see tail {E}.<br />
bandera {Es} * see flag; gobo (2) {E}.<br />
bandera {Es} * see gobo {E}.<br />
Bandfehler {D} * see bands {E}.<br />
Bandführung {D} * see flange {E}.<br />
Bandführungen {D} * see tape guides {E}.<br />
Bandgeschwindigkeit {D} * see tape speed {E}.<br />
banding {E} * A video aberration which results from<br />
improper adjustment <strong>of</strong> a 2 inch quadruplex videotape<br />
machine. It appears as wide horizontal bands in <strong>the</strong><br />
picture. {D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong> persiana; F= effet de persienne;<br />
effet de bande}.<br />
Bandklebemaschine {D} * see tape splicer {E}.<br />
Bandkopf {D} * see head {E}.<br />
Bandkräuseln {D} * see edge curl {E}.<br />
bandlimited {E} * A signal occupying a defined and finite<br />
frequency band.39. {D= bandbegrenzt; Es= banda<br />
específica; banda limitada; F= bande limitée}.<br />
Bandrauschen {D} * see hiss {E}.<br />
bands {E} * Stresses in tape and film materials that are<br />
parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> and run <strong>the</strong> full length <strong>of</strong> tape/film.<br />
An item with this problem may have multiple bands across<br />
its width; not a problem with helical tape recordings.(06.)<br />
{D= Bandfehler; Es= bandas; F= bandeaux;<br />
longitudinales}.<br />
Bandspieler {D} * see tape player {E}.<br />
Bandteller {D} * see platter {E}.<br />
Bandträgermaterial {D} * see magnetic tape base {E}.<br />
Bandtransport {D} * see tape transport {E}.<br />
Bandwickel {D} * see tape pack {E}.<br />
bandwidth {E} * 1) The range between lower and upper<br />
limiting frequencies; <strong>the</strong> width <strong>of</strong> a band <strong>of</strong> fre-quencies.<br />
Also, <strong>the</strong> maximum amount <strong>of</strong> information (e.g., Bits)<br />
needed for transmission or s<strong>to</strong>rage.39. {D= Bandbreite;<br />
Es= ancho de banda; F= bande passante; largeur de<br />
bande de fréquences}.<br />
Bandzählwerk {D} * see tape index counter {E}.<br />
Bandzugmeßgerät {D} * see tentelometer {E}.<br />
Bandzugwaage {D} * see tentelometer {E}.<br />
banque de données {F} * see data bank {E}.<br />
baño {Es} * see bath {E}.<br />
24<br />
baño de eliminación {Es} * see strip (2) {E}.<br />
baño de paro {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p bath {E}.<br />
baño de plata en seco {Es} * see wet silvering {E}.<br />
baril à titres .{F}. see drum .{E}.<br />
baril à titres {F} * see drum {E}.<br />
barn doors {E} * 1) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy and moving-image<br />
production, 'blinders' placed on lights <strong>to</strong> direct <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> light in a certain direction.30. 2) In video production,<br />
black hinged panels or shutters (which open and close like<br />
barn doors) attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> front <strong>of</strong> a lamp fixture <strong>to</strong> control<br />
<strong>the</strong> spread <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light beam. Barn doors come in both 2<br />
door and 4 door configurations. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as snoots<br />
(or snouts). barrel dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. A video aberration that makes<br />
<strong>the</strong> image appear <strong>to</strong> bulge outward on all sides like a<br />
barrel. {D= Scheinwerfer<strong>to</strong>r; Es= paneles articulados;<br />
doble pantalla opaca; F= coupe-flux; volets réglables;<br />
volets articulés; défaut vidéo (snouts; snoots); écran<br />
opaque}.<br />
barnizado de cobal<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see cobalt doping {E}.<br />
barra roscada {Es} * see feed screw {E}.<br />
barras de color {Es} * see colour bars {E}.<br />
barre {F} * see crease {E}.<br />
barrel dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * image misrepresentation in any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or video processes caused by uncorrected<br />
lenses or because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relationship between <strong>the</strong><br />
diaphragm and lens elements. With <strong>the</strong> diaphragm<br />
positioned in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens, <strong>the</strong> lines form a rectangular<br />
bulge outward. Positioned behind <strong>the</strong> lens, <strong>the</strong> same lines<br />
lean <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rectangle. A square appears<br />
barrel shaped, compressed <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> corners. {D= ?;<br />
Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en <strong>to</strong>nel; F= aberration en barillet; effet<br />
<strong>to</strong>nneau?}.<br />
barrel markings {E} * Imprints on lens mountings that<br />
indicate <strong>the</strong> focal length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens, as well as its serial<br />
number and <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> its manufacturer. {D= ?; Es=<br />
impresión que lleva la montura del objetivo; F= marquage<br />
sur le barillet}.<br />
barrel organ cylinder {E} * A mechanical sound carrier in<br />
<strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a cylinder studded with pegs which, when<br />
revolved, triggers a series <strong>of</strong> valves that admit air from a<br />
bellows <strong>to</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> pipes. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= orgue à<br />
cylindre}.<br />
barres de ronflement {F} * see hum bars {E}.<br />
barres horizontales {F} * see horizontal (hum) bars {E}.<br />
barres microphoniques {F} * see microphonics {E}.<br />
barrette {F} * see strip {E}.<br />
barrido de seguimien<strong>to</strong> au<strong>to</strong>mático {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
scan tracking {E}.<br />
barrido vertical {Es} * see vertical blanking {E}.<br />
base {E;Es;F} * 1) The carrier upon which something is<br />
mounted or built. 2) A wooden or metal block upon which<br />
a printing plate is mounted. 3) In film, <strong>the</strong> transparent<br />
support, generally ei<strong>the</strong>r cellulose nitrate, cellulose<br />
acetate, or polyester, on which <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsion<br />
<strong>of</strong> a film is coated.(09.) 4) In magnetic tape and disc, <strong>the</strong><br />
backing on which <strong>the</strong> magnetic oxide coating is carried.<br />
Common base materials are cellulose acetate, polyvinyl<br />
chloride, and polyester.(04.) 5) In laminated disc<br />
recordings, <strong>the</strong> backing upon which <strong>the</strong> laminate or
ecording surface is carried, most <strong>of</strong>ten metal, glass,<br />
paper, or pressed wood flour; see also backing; base<br />
support; radix; film base. {D= Trägerschicht; Schichtträger;<br />
Es= soporte; F= support}.<br />
base {Es} * see pedestal; radix {E}.<br />
base {F} * see <strong>to</strong>e {E}.<br />
base case {E} * The minimum system that may bear <strong>the</strong><br />
CD-I name; those systems containing specifications<br />
beyond <strong>the</strong> current CD-I specifications are known as CD-<br />
IX.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= mínimo sistema que puede llamarse<br />
CD-I; F=}.<br />
base de da<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see data base {E}.<br />
base de données {F} * see data base {E}.<br />
base density {E} * see fog level.<br />
base film backing (in recording tape) {E} * see backing.<br />
base plus fog {E} * see minimum density.<br />
base support {E} * see base.<br />
base-light {E} * Uniform, diffuse illumination used <strong>to</strong><br />
establish a sufficient ambient level <strong>of</strong> light for quality type<br />
television and film pickups. {D= ?; Es= iluminación base<br />
[básica]; F= éclairage de base}.<br />
baseband {E} * 1) An aural transmitter input signal<br />
between 0 and 120 kHz. 2)The band <strong>of</strong> frequencies <strong>to</strong> be<br />
superimposed (modulated) upon a carrier wave. 3) The<br />
frequencies used for local area network (LAN)<br />
transmission in <strong>the</strong> U.S.10. {D= ?; Es= banda base; F=<br />
bande de base}.<br />
baseline reflectivity {E} * The reflectivity <strong>of</strong> unwritten, ungrooved<br />
optical media.46. {D= ?; Es= reflectancia del nivel<br />
de base; F= réflexivité du disque vierge}.<br />
basic input/output system {E} * In some computer<br />
operating systems <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> programm that<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>mizes <strong>the</strong> system <strong>to</strong> a specific computer. {D= ?; Es=<br />
sistema de entrada-salida base; F= système entrée/sortie<br />
de base}.<br />
básica {Es} * see base-light {E}.<br />
Baßlautsprecher {D} * see wo<strong>of</strong>er {E}.<br />
bass boost {E;F} * An accentuation <strong>of</strong> lower audio<br />
frequencies in audio recording or rerecording, normally<br />
provided by an equalizer or <strong>to</strong>ne control. This is a<br />
questionable practice in archival rerecording.04. {D=<br />
Bassanhebung; Es= acentuación de graves; acentuación<br />
de las bajas frecuencias; F= système de renforcement des<br />
basses}.<br />
bass reflex speaker enclosure {E} * Type <strong>of</strong> extension<br />
loudspeaker cabinet whose design employs a 'port' or<br />
opening which greatly reinforces <strong>the</strong> bass, yet requires a<br />
relatively small cabinet.(16.) {D= Bassreflexgehäuse; Es=<br />
altavoz [bafle] reflec<strong>to</strong>r de bajos; F= enceinte bass-reflex}.<br />
Bassanhebung {D} * see bass boost {E}.<br />
basse fréquence ? (vidéo quadruplex) {F} * see lowband<br />
(LB) {D;E}.<br />
basse fréquence {F} * see low frequency {E}.<br />
basse résolution {F} * see low resolution {E}.<br />
Bassreflexgehäuse {D} * see bass reflex speaker<br />
enclosure {E}.<br />
25<br />
bassy {E} * see boomy.<br />
bastidor {Es} * see chassis; rack {E}.<br />
bastidor en el que se monta la gasa difusora {Es} * see<br />
scrim frame {E}.<br />
batch {E} * Materials (e.g., film, magnetic tape, etc.)<br />
manufac-tured at <strong>the</strong> same time and stamped with <strong>the</strong><br />
same control marks (numbers, etc.), if <strong>the</strong> manufacturer<br />
uses such identifications, <strong>to</strong> indicate that each item has <strong>the</strong><br />
same physical characteristics (e.g., tensile strength,<br />
colour, weight, thickness, light sensitivi-ty, etc.). {D=<br />
Charge; Es= materiales fabricados a la misma vez; F= lot}.<br />
bath {E} * Generic term for a solution in which film is<br />
immersed during <strong>the</strong> several stages <strong>of</strong> processing, e.g.,<br />
developing, fixing, bleaching, washing. {D= Bad; Es= baño;<br />
F= bain}.<br />
batiente {Es} * see batten {E}.<br />
battement {F} * see flicker {E}.<br />
batten {E} * Horizontal pipe on which luminaries or scenery<br />
can be hung in a film or video production studio. {D= ?;<br />
Es= batiente; F= herse.}.<br />
battery operated psychrometer {E} * A psychrometer which<br />
includes a built-in battery operated fan and mo<strong>to</strong>r. It works<br />
on <strong>the</strong> same principle as <strong>the</strong> sling psychrometer, except<br />
that a small electric mo<strong>to</strong>r and fan produces <strong>the</strong> required<br />
airflow across <strong>the</strong> two bulbs. It is more accurate than <strong>the</strong><br />
manually operated sling psychrometer.(07.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
psicrómetro de pilas ; F= psychromètre au<strong>to</strong>nome}.<br />
baud {E;Es;F} * A unit used <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />
binary units <strong>of</strong> information transmitted per second.10. {D=<br />
Baud}.<br />
baud rate {D;E;Es;F} * The transmitted data rate in bits per<br />
second (baud).39.<br />
Baud {D} * see baud {E;Es;F}.<br />
bavures {F} * see bleed {E}.<br />
bay {E} * A unit <strong>of</strong> shelving, single or double-sided,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> horizontal shelves between standards,<br />
uprights or upright frames; also called a<br />
compartment.22.23. {D= Regaleinheit; Regal; Stange; Es=<br />
estante; F= travée; baie}.<br />
BBC en 1955) {F} * see VERA {E}.<br />
BCD {E;F} * acronym for binary-coded decimal numbers.<br />
{D= ?; Es= ?}.<br />
beaded screen {E} * A white plastic or canvas screen used<br />
for projection. The surface has tiny glass beads or globes<br />
embedded in it. Highly directional, this type <strong>of</strong> screen<br />
provides a relatively brilliant image for <strong>the</strong> viewer seated at<br />
an angle <strong>of</strong> approximately 15 degrees from <strong>the</strong> screen's<br />
center. Beaded screens are particularly effective in narrow<br />
rooms and are <strong>of</strong> great value for narrow gauge film<br />
projection when <strong>the</strong> light source is weak. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pantalla cristalizada [perlada]; F= écran perlé; nacré}.<br />
beam {E} * 1) A ray, or group <strong>of</strong> parallel rays, <strong>of</strong> light or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r radiation. 2) The LASER light used in an optical<br />
system <strong>to</strong> write and/or read <strong>to</strong>/from an optical s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
device and <strong>to</strong> provide for focusing and tracking.(39.) {D=<br />
Strahl; Lichtbahn; Es= rayo de luz; haz de luz; F= faisceau;<br />
rayon}.<br />
beam splitter {E} * The arrangement <strong>of</strong> prisms in cameras,<br />
optical printers, and projection systems that make it<br />
possible <strong>to</strong> divide or split a beam <strong>of</strong> light. {D= ?; Es=
divisor [separador] de haz; F= lame semi-transparente;<br />
bloc séparateur de faisceaux lumineux}.<br />
Bearbeitung {colour} {D} * see additive colour {E}.<br />
Bearbeitung {D} * see additive {E}.<br />
beater mechanism {E} * The pull-down mechanism used<br />
in simple, narrow gauge motion picture film projec<strong>to</strong>rs. {D=<br />
?; Es= dispositivo proyec<strong>to</strong>r de películas sencillo; F= ?}.<br />
becule (de la película) {Es} * see loop {E}.<br />
Befeuchter {D} * see humidifier {E}.<br />
Befeuchtung {D} * see humidification {E}.<br />
Begasung {D} * see fumigation {E}.<br />
Begleitmaterial {D} * see accompanying material {E}.<br />
Behälter {D} * see box {E}.<br />
Beiheft {D} * see booklet {E}.<br />
Bel (b) {D;E;Es;F} * A unit <strong>of</strong> energy for measuring <strong>the</strong><br />
relative volume <strong>of</strong> sound. It is equal <strong>to</strong> 10 deciBels. The<br />
unit <strong>of</strong> measurement was named after Alexander Graham<br />
Bell.<br />
Beleuchtung {D} * see lighting {E}.<br />
Belichtung {D} * see exposure {E}.<br />
Belichtungsmesser {D} * see exposure meter {E}.<br />
Belichtungsschleier {D} * see fog {E}.<br />
Bell & Howell perforation {E} * A particular design <strong>of</strong><br />
perforation on 35 mm motion picture film that has flat <strong>to</strong>p<br />
and bot<strong>to</strong>m and curved sides and is usually used for 35<br />
mm negative and duplicating materials only not for release<br />
prints. {D= ?; Es= perforaciones Bell & Howell; F=<br />
perforations arrondies; (perforations Bell & Howell)}.<br />
belop {E;F} * A video production process in which 3"x5"<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and opaque art cards were transferred <strong>to</strong><br />
video through a video camera. Some belop machines<br />
inclose 2 banks and a mechanism <strong>to</strong> produce a video<br />
dissolve. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as a belop machine. Some<br />
belops incorporates a metal strip for transport <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
materials while o<strong>the</strong>rs used a wire frame. {D= ?; Es=<br />
transferencia de fo<strong>to</strong>grafías a vídeo}.<br />
belt {E} * A narrow, pliable, endless band used <strong>to</strong> transfer<br />
motion from one wheel <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= transmisión<br />
por correa; F= courroie de transmission}.<br />
Benützbarkeit {D} * see access {E}.<br />
Benützer {D} * see reader; user {E}.<br />
benützerfreundlich {D} * see user friendly {E}.<br />
Benützung-sverfilmung {D} * see reference micr<strong>of</strong>ilming<br />
{E}.<br />
Benützungsbeschränkung {D} * see restricted access {E}.<br />
berceau (fixation des micr<strong>of</strong>ilms) {F} * see cradle {E}.<br />
Bericht {D} * see record {E}.<br />
Berlinerschrift {D} * see lateral cut {E}.<br />
Berlinerschrift-Aufnahme {D} * see lateral recording {E}.<br />
Beschädigung {D} * see deterioration {E}.<br />
26<br />
Beschichtung {D} * see back coating; coating {E}.<br />
beschleunigte Alterung {D} * see accelerated ageing {E}.<br />
bespielter Tonträger {D} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.<br />
bespietes Band {D} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.<br />
Bestellschein {D} * see production ticket {E}.<br />
Bestellzettel {D} * see production ticket {E}.<br />
beta cellulose {E} * see hemicellulose.<br />
Betacam {F} * see BetaCam {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
Betacam SP {F} * see BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F} * Identical <strong>to</strong> BetaCam with <strong>the</strong><br />
addition <strong>of</strong> utilizing SP metal videotape for improved<br />
performance. {F= BétaCam SP}.<br />
Bétacam numérique {F} * see digital BetaCam {E}.<br />
BetaCam {D;E;Es;F} * A Sony ½" helical cassette<br />
videotape format which was originally designed for EFP<br />
(Electronic Field production) work. Became widely adopted<br />
for production and broadcast use. BetaCam is a<br />
component analogue process which separates <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
information in<strong>to</strong> R-Y and B-Y signals. It uses separate<br />
luminance and chrominance tracks. BetaCam record<br />
decks accept input analogue signals internally. They will<br />
output ei<strong>the</strong>r component or composite analogue. There are<br />
four audio channels; two longitudinal on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
videotape. Two AFM (Audio Frequency Modulation) tracks<br />
are recorded with <strong>the</strong> video in <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> videotape.<br />
Time code is recorded as a separate longitudinal track. An<br />
upgrade <strong>of</strong> BetaCam is <strong>the</strong> BetaCam SP format. {D= ?;<br />
Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
BetaCam digital {Es} * see digital BetaCam {E}.<br />
BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F} * A pr<strong>of</strong>essional analogue video<br />
recording format using component coding whose recording<br />
medium is a cassette housed ½-inch oxide tape.(10.06.)<br />
{F= Bétacam SP}.<br />
BetaCart {D;E;Es;F} * A videocassette that is designed<br />
for use in a Sony Betacam system.(10.).<br />
Betamax {F} * see BetaMax {D;E;Es}.<br />
BetaMax {D;E;Es;F} * Sony's entry in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ½-inch<br />
consumer videocassette market that produced better<br />
quality video with stereo audio. The small cassettes could<br />
record over five hours at <strong>the</strong>ir slowest speed. However, <strong>the</strong><br />
format was eclipsed in <strong>the</strong> consumer market by <strong>the</strong> VHS<br />
format. However, <strong>the</strong> BetaMax format proved <strong>to</strong> be a<br />
testing ground for several technical innovations in <strong>the</strong><br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional market. It was improved upon and ultimately<br />
lead <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> BetaCam format.<br />
Betriebsbedingungen {D} * see operating environment {E}.<br />
Beweiswert {D} * see evidential value {E}.<br />
Bewerter {D} * see evalua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
bewertete Rauschspannung {D} * see weighted noise {E}.<br />
Bewertung {D} * see evaluation {E}.<br />
Bewertungskurve {D} * see weighting characteristic {E}.<br />
Bezug- {D} * see reference {E}.<br />
Bezugfläche {D} * see reference plane {E}.
Bezugsband {D} * see alignment tape; standard amplitude<br />
reference tape; standard reference tape {E}.<br />
Bezugsebene {D} * see reference plane {E}.<br />
Bezugsquelle {D} * see reference source {E}.<br />
bi-piste {F} * see two track; two track recording {E}.<br />
bias {E} * A high frequency signal or current, several times<br />
that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest frequency <strong>to</strong> be recorded, added<br />
intentionally during recording <strong>of</strong> analogue magnetic<br />
recordings <strong>to</strong> compensate for <strong>the</strong> inherent nonlinearity <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic systems; essential <strong>to</strong> optimize recording quality<br />
and <strong>to</strong> minimize dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; results in a signal <strong>of</strong> low<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion and a considerable increase in <strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>noise<br />
ratio. Mostly vanishes from <strong>the</strong> tape soon after<br />
recording by a process <strong>of</strong> self-demagnetization.(04.16.)<br />
{D= Hochfrequenzvormagnetisierung; Vormagnetisierung;<br />
Es= ?; F= prémagnétisation; polarisation}.<br />
biauditivo {Es} * see binaural {E}.<br />
biauricular {Es} * see binaural {E}.<br />
bibliographic description {E} * A set <strong>of</strong> bibliographic data<br />
recording and identifying an item.12. {D= ?; Es=<br />
descripción bibliográfica; F= description bibliographique}.<br />
biblioteca de planos (de fo<strong>to</strong>s) {Es} * see library shot {E}.<br />
bicarbonate de magnésium {F} * see magnesium<br />
bicarbonate {E}.<br />
bicarbona<strong>to</strong> magnésico .{Es} * see magnesium<br />
bicarbonate .{E}.<br />
bicarbona<strong>to</strong> magnésico {Es} * see magnesium bicarbonate<br />
{E}.<br />
bilateral soundtrack {E} * A symmetrical, variable-area<br />
optical soundtrack on motion picture film. The central axis<br />
and surrounding modulated area are transparent in <strong>the</strong><br />
print, whereas in <strong>the</strong> equally common duplex track <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
opaque. {D= ?; Es= banda sonora bilateral; F= piste<br />
sonore à densité fixe}.<br />
Bild {D} * see frame; image {E;F}.<br />
Bild-Negativ {D} * see picture negative {E}.<br />
Bildarchivgut {D} * see audiovisual archives/records data;<br />
iconographic archives {E}.<br />
Bildband {D} * see filmstrip {E}.<br />
Bildbühneneinstellung {D} * see framing {E}.<br />
Bilddokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records<br />
data {E}.<br />
Bilddokumente {D} * see iconographic archives {E}.<br />
Bilddokumentenarchiv/es {D} * see iconographic archives<br />
{E}.<br />
Bildeindruck {D} * see artifact; aspect ratio {E}.<br />
Bilder je Sekunde {D} * see frames per second (FPS) {E}.<br />
Bildfeld {D} * see framing {E}.<br />
Bildfenster {D} * see aperture; frame {E}.<br />
Bildfensterplatte {D} * see aperture plate {E}.<br />
Bildkopie {D} * see visuals {E}.<br />
27<br />
Bildkorrektur {D} * see image enhancement {E}.<br />
Bildmuster {D} * see rushes {E;F}.<br />
Bildplatte {D} * see optical disc {E}.<br />
Bildpunkt {D} * see picture element (PIXEL) {E}.<br />
Bildröhre {D} * see picture tube {E}.<br />
Bildstricheinstellung {D} * see framing {E}.<br />
billboard {E} * A moving-image industry term for credits.<br />
{D= ?; Es= cartelera; F= panneau d'affichage}.<br />
bin {E} * 1) A container for loose motion picture film,<br />
placed in cutting rooms and o<strong>the</strong>r rooms where film is<br />
handled. Frequently constructed <strong>of</strong> metal with a canvas<br />
insert. 2) One portion <strong>of</strong> a video carrousel in a<br />
cassette/carrousel videotape playback machine. {D= ?;<br />
Es= recipiente; porción de una vídeocinta; F= bac;<br />
panneau d'affichag; chutier; bac à films; casier de<br />
rangement; réservoir}.<br />
binaire {F} * see binary {E}.<br />
binär {D} * see binary {E}.<br />
binario {Es} * see binary {E}.<br />
binary {E} * A condition in which <strong>the</strong>re are two possible<br />
states, for example, <strong>the</strong> binary number system (base 2)<br />
using <strong>the</strong> digits 0 (i.e., zero) and 1 (i.e., one).(38.) {D=<br />
binär; Es= binario; F= binaire}.<br />
binary digit (BIT) {E} * 1) A unit <strong>of</strong> information. 2) The<br />
smallest amount <strong>of</strong> digital information which can be s<strong>to</strong>red;<br />
can be only one <strong>of</strong> two pieces <strong>of</strong> data: a 0 or a 1. 3) As<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> magnetic recording it represents one recorded<br />
information cell.(04.10.46.) {D= ?; Es= dígi<strong>to</strong> binario; F=<br />
bit; chiffre binaire}.<br />
Binary-Coded Decimal numbers (BCD) {E} * A computer<br />
term referring, in a time code editing system, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> means<br />
by which time code is transferred from one part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
system <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= dígi<strong>to</strong> decimal codificado<br />
binariamente; números de dígi<strong>to</strong>s decimales codificados<br />
binariamente; F= nombres décimaux codés binaires;<br />
(BCD)}.<br />
binaural {E;F} * In sound recording, a sound system<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> two microphones at <strong>the</strong> point <strong>of</strong> sound<br />
pickup, placed in <strong>the</strong> same relationship <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r as<br />
<strong>the</strong> ears <strong>of</strong> a listener. The microphones are connected <strong>to</strong><br />
separate amplifiers and transmit <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> listener<br />
through headphones. Each headphone is connected <strong>to</strong> its<br />
own amplifier. True binaural sound cannot be achieved<br />
with loudspeakers, only headphones. When loudspeakers<br />
are used it is two-channel stereophonic sound.(04.) {D=<br />
kopfbezogene Stereophonie; Es= biauricular; biauditivo}.<br />
binaural recording {E} * see binaural.<br />
Bindemittel {D} * see binder {E}.<br />
binder {E} * 1) A material used <strong>to</strong> cause o<strong>the</strong>r materials <strong>to</strong><br />
bond, or adhere, such as <strong>to</strong> cause <strong>the</strong> cellulose acetate<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> acetate/lacquer discs <strong>to</strong> adhere <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir base. 2)<br />
An adhesive substance, usually liquid or molten in form,<br />
used <strong>to</strong> create adhesion between aggregates, globules,<br />
etc. It is distinguished from an adhesive in that it performs<br />
an internal adhesive function ra<strong>the</strong>r than a surface<br />
adhesion function.(04.45.) 3) In magnetic tape recording,<br />
a compound consisting <strong>of</strong> organic resins used <strong>to</strong> bond <strong>the</strong><br />
oxide particles <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base material. The actual<br />
composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> binder is considered proprietary<br />
information by each magnetic tape manufacturer. Such a<br />
binder is required <strong>to</strong> be flexible and still maintain <strong>the</strong> ability<br />
<strong>to</strong> resist flaking or shedding binder material during<br />
extended wear passes.(46.) 4) An enclosure used <strong>to</strong> hold
pages <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. {D= Bindemittel; Es= adhesivo;<br />
aglomerante; F= liant}.<br />
binloop {E} * A four-track audio tape loop used in <strong>the</strong> highpeed<br />
duplication <strong>of</strong> audio tape recordings. {D=<br />
Endlosschleife; Es= lazo de cinta magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica; F= ?}.<br />
BIOS {E} * acronym for basic input/output system.<br />
bipack {E;Es} * 1) The use <strong>of</strong> two films in a camera at <strong>the</strong><br />
same time so as <strong>to</strong> expose both simultaneously. 2) A<br />
contact printing technique for film materials wherein an<br />
already processed film is printed on<strong>to</strong> a fresh roll <strong>of</strong> film. 3)<br />
The combining <strong>of</strong> an already processed film with animation<br />
art work <strong>to</strong> produce a composite without <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> an<br />
optical printer.10. {D= ?; Es= película bicapa [de dos<br />
capas]; F= châssis double (pho<strong>to</strong>); duplication par contact<br />
(film); film bipack; surimpression}.<br />
bit {E;Es;F} * 1) Abbreviation for binary digit. see also byte;<br />
binary digit (BIT) {E}. 2) A brief apperance by a<br />
performer.10 * {D= ?; Es= F= 1) élément binaire; bit 2)<br />
petit rôle; rôle secondaire}<br />
bit density {E} * see packing density.<br />
bit error rate (BER) {E} * 1) In high-density digital<br />
recording, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> mistakes a specific item may<br />
contain; expressed in error per data bit, such as one in ten,<br />
or one error in one million data bits; see also error.(46.) 2)<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> bits processed before an erroneous bit is<br />
found or <strong>the</strong> frequency <strong>of</strong> erroneous bits.(39.) {D=<br />
Bitfehlerrate; Es= proporción de errores en los bits;<br />
frecuencia de errores; F= taux d'erreurs sur les bits}.<br />
bit le moins significatif {F} * see least significant bit (LSB)<br />
{E}.<br />
bit le plus significatif {F} * see most significant bit (MSB)<br />
{E}.<br />
bit más significativo {Es} * see most significant bit (MSB)<br />
{E}.<br />
bit menos significativo {Es} * see least significant bit (LSB)<br />
{E}.<br />
bit rate {E} * The rate <strong>of</strong> frequency at which bits appear in<br />
a bit stream.(39.) {D= Bitrate; Es= velocidad de<br />
(transferencia) de bits ; F= débit (numérique)}.<br />
bit stream {E} * A binary signal without regard <strong>to</strong><br />
grouping.39. {D= ?; Es= corriente de (transferencia) de<br />
bits; F= flux de bits}.<br />
Bit {D} * see bit {E}.<br />
bites de usuario {Es} * see user bits {E}.<br />
Bitfehlerrate {D} * see bit error rate (BER) {E}.<br />
Bitrate {D} * see bit rate {E}.<br />
bits par seconde {F} * see bits per second {D;E}.<br />
bits per second {D;E} * The number <strong>of</strong> bits transmitted in<br />
one second. {Es= bits por segundo; F= bits par seconde}.<br />
bits por segundo {Es} * see bits per second {D;E}.<br />
bits utilisateur {F} * see user bits; user friendly {E}.<br />
black and white {E} * Monochromatic film, television or<br />
video. {D= ?; Es= blanco y negro; monocromo; F= noir et<br />
blanc; monochrome}.<br />
black and white film {E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film with an<br />
emulsion layer that is incapable <strong>of</strong> reproducing colour<br />
28<br />
values. Brightness values are reproduced as whites,<br />
blacks and intermediate shades <strong>of</strong> grey. {D= ?; Es=<br />
película en blanco y negro [monocroma]; F= film achrome;<br />
film noir et blanc; pellicule monochrome; noir et blanc}.<br />
black burst {E} * A composite signal th a black video<br />
signal. It is also known as Colour Black. {D= ?; Es=<br />
estallido negro; color negro; F= noir codé}.<br />
black compression {E} * The reduction in gain applied <strong>to</strong> a<br />
video signal at a level corresponding <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dark areas in<br />
a picture. The visual effect on a video moni<strong>to</strong>r is reduced<br />
contrast and loss <strong>of</strong> details in <strong>the</strong> low light portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
picture. {D= ?; Es= compresión del negro; F= compression<br />
sur le noir}.<br />
black hole {E} * A segment <strong>of</strong> a videotape where <strong>the</strong> video<br />
signal has been purposefully omitted. The hole is created<br />
for <strong>the</strong> later inclusion <strong>of</strong> material not currently available. An<br />
example is a timed black hole in<strong>to</strong> which a video<br />
commercial will be inserted after all o<strong>the</strong>r production is<br />
complete. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as a hole. {D= ?; Es= agujero<br />
negro; F= espace réservé}.<br />
black level {E} * The level <strong>of</strong> a video signal which<br />
corresponds <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum limit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> black signal. {D=<br />
?; Es= nivel del negro; F= niveau du noir}.<br />
black level compression {E} * see analogue compression<br />
{E}.<br />
black light {E} * Nei<strong>the</strong>r black nor light, but radiation<br />
invisible <strong>to</strong> human eyesight, such as ultraviolet. The name<br />
is applicable since it is possible <strong>to</strong> see objects in <strong>the</strong> dark<br />
by coating <strong>the</strong>m with dyes which fluoresce when exposed<br />
<strong>to</strong> this invisible radiation. Some manufacturers <strong>of</strong> cellulose<br />
nitrate have marked <strong>the</strong>ir film with dyes visible under black<br />
light, but it is an inconclusive test, since not all nitrate<br />
based film is so marked. {D= ?; Es= luz negra; F= lumière<br />
noire}.<br />
black wax cylinder {E} * A currently applied term <strong>to</strong> identify<br />
most moulded wax cylinders; see also Amberol cylinder;<br />
Standard Record; Gold Molded {sic!}cylinder. (14.)[F=<br />
cylindre de cire noire; D= Schwarzer Wachszylinder; Es=<br />
cilindro de cera negra}.<br />
black-video-black (BVB) {E} * A video preview mode <strong>of</strong> a<br />
computer edi<strong>to</strong>r which displays black, <strong>the</strong> new video, and<br />
<strong>the</strong>n black. Also referred <strong>to</strong> VVV and VBV. {D= ?; Es=<br />
BVB; F= noir-vidéo-noir (NVN)}.<br />
blanc {F} * see blank {E}.<br />
blanc maximal {F} * see peak white {E}.<br />
blanchiment {F} * see bleaching {E}.<br />
blanco {Es} * see mire {F}.<br />
blanco y negro {Es} * see black and white {E}.<br />
blank {E} * 1) Clear processed motion picture film on<strong>to</strong><br />
which colour images are transferred in <strong>the</strong> imbibition<br />
process; <strong>the</strong> blank usually carries a soundtrack image in<br />
black and white. 2) A disc or cylinder with its intended<br />
playing surface clear <strong>of</strong> recorded signals. {D= Blank; Es=<br />
1) película virgen; 2) disco virgen; F= vierge; blanc; vide;<br />
inutilisé}.<br />
blank groove {E} * A groove made in a recordings<br />
(cylinder, disc, film, et al.) with no signal applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cutter, hence it has no sound content; also known as<br />
unmodulated groove.(04.) {D= Leerrille; Es= surco virgen;<br />
F= sillon vierge; non modulé}.<br />
blank tape {E} * Magnetic tape with no magnetization
applied, hence no signal, <strong>to</strong> be used for making a tape<br />
recording.(04.) {D= Leerband; Es= cinta virgen; F= bande<br />
vierge}.<br />
Blank {D} * see blank {E}.<br />
blanking {E} * A series <strong>of</strong> recurrent pulses <strong>of</strong> a video signal<br />
which suppress <strong>the</strong> video display and allows <strong>the</strong> retrace <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> signal <strong>to</strong> occur unobserved. {D= ?; Es= borrado; F=<br />
suppression; blocage; effacement}.<br />
blanking level {E} * The level <strong>of</strong> a video which separates it<br />
from <strong>the</strong> synchronizing pulse. {D= ?; Es= nivel de<br />
supresión (del haz); nivel de borrado; F= niveau de<br />
suppression; impulsions de synchro}.<br />
blanking shutter {E} * In motion picture printing equipment,<br />
an opaque device which can be introduced <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> path <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> illumina-tion so as <strong>to</strong> cut <strong>of</strong>f practically instantaneously<br />
<strong>the</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film being printed. {D= ?; Es=<br />
obturador de borrado [cancelación]; F= cut par<br />
éblouissement}.<br />
blanqueado {Es} * see bleaching {E}.<br />
blanqueo {Es} * see bleaching {E}.<br />
blaugrün {D} * see cyan {E}.<br />
bleaching {E} * A labora<strong>to</strong>ry process in which a developed<br />
silver image is converted in<strong>to</strong> a silver salt. Bleaching<br />
lightens an image and prepares it for <strong>the</strong> labora<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
processes that follow. It initiates many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ning<br />
processes in those film types where metal compounds are<br />
needed <strong>to</strong> bring out <strong>the</strong> colour values <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. The<br />
process is also used <strong>to</strong> produce matrices that are used for<br />
making colour prints. {D= Bleichen; Es= blanqueado<br />
[blanqueo]; F= blanchiment; décoloration}.<br />
bleed {E} * An effect, generally undesirable, caused by <strong>the</strong><br />
seepage <strong>of</strong> dyes <strong>to</strong> areas beyond those intended for <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Where bleeding occurs, separation lines between colours<br />
are usually s<strong>of</strong>t, untrue with respect <strong>to</strong> colour, and, in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
ways, distracting and objection-able. {D= Abfärben; Es=<br />
corrimien<strong>to</strong> de colour; F= bavures; franges {F; taches<br />
colorées sur un document en papier; bavures; franges}.<br />
bleed through {E} * The transparency <strong>of</strong> a superimposed<br />
television picture.(10.) {D= ?; Es= sobreimpresión de<br />
imagen; superposición transparente; F= bleed flou;<br />
trouble; filage; au sénario sur pages bleues; d'images TV;<br />
surimpression d'images TV}.<br />
bleeding white {E} * A video aberration in which <strong>the</strong> white<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture flow irregularly in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> black areas.<br />
{D= ?; Es= franja del blanco; F= franges des zones<br />
blanches de l'image vidéo; traînage des blancs}<br />
blemish {E} * microscopically small reddish or yellowish<br />
spots which may occur on silver-gelatin film during<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage. Redox (oxidation reduction) blemishes are caused<br />
by local oxidation <strong>of</strong> image silver resulting in <strong>the</strong> formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> minute deposits <strong>of</strong> coloured colloidal silver. It is<br />
generally believed that such flaws are caused by<br />
deterioration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film container.(07.) {D= ?; Es= mancha;<br />
defec<strong>to</strong>; F= tache}.<br />
Blende {D} * see diaphragm {E}.<br />
BLER {E} * see block error rate {E}.<br />
bleu {F} * see blue {E}.<br />
bleu de méthylène {F} * see methylene blue {E}.<br />
blimp {E} * 1) A semi-permanent sound pro<strong>of</strong>ing cover for<br />
a moving--image camera. Many cameras are now selfblimped:<br />
in o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong>y are constructed <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
which damp <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera mechanism.(30.) *(.<br />
29<br />
2) In a video field production, <strong>the</strong> acoustical sound<br />
pro<strong>of</strong>ing portion <strong>of</strong> a power genera<strong>to</strong>r. {D= Blimp; Es=<br />
cabina insonorizada; caja insonorizada; blindye acústico;<br />
F= caisson d'insonorisation}.<br />
Blimp {D} * see blimp {E}.<br />
blindage {F} * see shield front {E}.<br />
blindaje {Es} * see shield front {E}.<br />
blindaje acústico {Es} * see blimp {E}.<br />
blindye acústico {Es} * see blimp {E}.<br />
blink {E} * A term describing a defect in film-<strong>to</strong>-film<br />
copying, meaning a pulsing <strong>of</strong> all or part/s <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> copy, generally caused by a malfunction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film<br />
transport mechanism. {D= ?; Es= parapadeo; centelleo; F=<br />
clignotements; fonction de clignotement}.<br />
bloc {F} * see block {E}.<br />
bloc de montage {F} * see edit block {E}.<br />
bloc de montage collage{F} * see splicing block {E}.<br />
bloc de tête (optique) {F} * see sled {E}.<br />
bloc logique {F} * see logical block {E}.<br />
bloc séparateur de faisceaux lumineux {F} * see beam<br />
splitter {E}.<br />
bloc-notes {F} * see note {E}.<br />
blocage {F} * see blanking; jam {E}.<br />
blocage par adhérence des spires {F} * see blocking {E}.<br />
block {E} * data that is addressed or moved as a single<br />
unit. A data block is composed <strong>of</strong> sets <strong>of</strong> words <strong>to</strong><br />
generate a data format. A typical block consists <strong>of</strong> data<br />
words, parity words, subcode, and synchronization and<br />
error correction words.39. {D= Blockfehlerrate; Es= bloque;<br />
F= bloc}.<br />
block error rate (BLER) {E} * The number <strong>of</strong> blocks at <strong>the</strong><br />
cl de-coder with one or more errors.39. {D= ?; Es=<br />
proporción de errores en los bloques; F= taux d'erreur sur<br />
les blocs}.<br />
blocked pack {E} * Deformation <strong>of</strong> a circular form <strong>of</strong> a<br />
magnetic tape pack in which <strong>the</strong> pack periphery feels<br />
lumpy by <strong>to</strong>uch. Can be caused by an edge curled tape<br />
wound <strong>to</strong>o loose; also known as wavy pack.(06.) {D=<br />
Wicklungsschaden; Es= ondulado (cintas); F= déformation<br />
de l'enroulement; due a l'enroulement}.<br />
Blocken {D} * see blocking {E}.<br />
Blockfehlerrate {D} * see block {E}.<br />
blocking {E} * 1) An undesirable condition in which a dry<br />
adhesive film is reactivated by heat, pressure, moisture,<br />
etc., and adheres <strong>to</strong> a material in contact with it.45. Also<br />
can occur in adjacent layers <strong>of</strong> materials in rolls or sheets.<br />
2) The tendency for adjacent layers <strong>of</strong> film and/or tape on<br />
a reel <strong>to</strong> stick <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, usually due <strong>to</strong> long-term s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
under high humidity and temperature conditions.(04.) {D=<br />
Schaden durch Schichtverklebung; Blocken; Es=<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> de oxido por presion; pegamien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
blocage par adhérence des spires; par serrage; surcharge<br />
de colle}.<br />
bloom {E} * 1) A thin coating <strong>of</strong> transparent substance<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> a glass surface <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> reflection <strong>of</strong> light<br />
at <strong>the</strong> surface. A bloomed surface may reflect less than 1
percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incident light. Using bloomed surfaces in an<br />
optical system diminishes reflected light from reaching <strong>the</strong><br />
image and reduces image contrast, ghost images or flare.<br />
2) The excess powdery residue which may be shed from<br />
magnetic tape coating. 3) Glare caused by reflection <strong>of</strong><br />
light in<strong>to</strong> a camera lens. 4) The physical <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> naked eye<br />
appearance <strong>of</strong> mould and/or fungus. 5) Video malfunction<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> picture tube image is horizontally and<br />
vertically dis<strong>to</strong>rted in size when extremely bright highlights<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene are displayed. It appears that <strong>the</strong> white<br />
images are de-focused. {D= ?; Es= 1) revestimien<strong>to</strong> para<br />
reducir reflejos superficiales; 2) residuos de polvo de cinta<br />
magnética; 3) reflejo de la luz que entra en un objetivo; 4)<br />
florecimien<strong>to</strong> fúngico; 5) mal funcionamien<strong>to</strong> del tubopantalla<br />
debido a una luz muy brillante; F= éclat; effet<br />
d'éblouissament; 1) revêtement antireflet; 2) poudrette 3)<br />
saturation de l'image vidéo 4); flou d'image vidéo; 5) éclat;<br />
effet d'éblouissament; antireflet}.<br />
bloop {E} * A small patch placed over a splice on <strong>the</strong><br />
soundtrack <strong>of</strong> a motion picture film <strong>to</strong> cover <strong>the</strong> noise <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> splice.(30.) {D= Tonblubbern; Es= empalme sonoro<br />
defectuoso; F= bruit de collure; cloc de collage; zapon<br />
(pour positif); poinçon (pour négatif); sonore défectueux}.<br />
blooper {E} * see blooping hole.<br />
blooping hole {E} * A perforation punched in a negative film<br />
optical soundtrack in order <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> noise created by<br />
a splice; sometimes called a blooper. {D= ?; Es=<br />
perforación de la película con la banda sonora; F=<br />
encoche; poinçon sur le film son négatif anti bruit de<br />
collure}.<br />
blooping ink {E} * Opaque liquid used on <strong>the</strong> section <strong>of</strong> a<br />
posi-tive motion picture film splice in a soundtrack in order<br />
<strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> noise created as <strong>the</strong> splice passes over <strong>the</strong><br />
projec<strong>to</strong>r sound head. {D= ?; Es= líquido opaco; F=<br />
zapon}.<br />
blooping machine {E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> equipment designed <strong>to</strong><br />
punch out a blooping hole in a negative optical soundtrack,<br />
or <strong>to</strong> apply a blooping patch on a positive track <strong>to</strong> silence<br />
<strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> splices through an optical motion picture<br />
film reproducing machine. {D= ?; Es= máquina perforadora<br />
de la película con la banda sonora; F= machine à perforer<br />
pour éliminer le bruit de collure}.<br />
bloque {Es} * see block {E}.<br />
bloque de empalme {Es} * see splicing block {E}.<br />
bloque de montaje {Es} * see splicing block {E}.<br />
bloque lógico {Es} * see logical block {E}.<br />
bloque metálico de montaje {Es} * see edit block {E}.<br />
bloqueo {Es} * see interlock<br />
blow-up {E} * In transferring an image by means <strong>of</strong> an<br />
optical printer, it is possible <strong>to</strong> enlarge a properly<br />
proportioned frac-tion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original image <strong>to</strong> full frame<br />
size in <strong>the</strong> copy.(09.) {D= Einzelbildvergrösserung; Es=<br />
ampliación de imagen; F= agrandissement; tirage optique<br />
par agrandissement; ("gonflage" : 16 mm --> 35 mm)}.<br />
blue {E} * l) Colloquial term for a certain duplicating<br />
positive film <strong>of</strong> medium fine grain coated on a bluish-grey<br />
coloured support; also called a lavender. 2) Used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe materials that are sexually explicit in content. {D=<br />
?; Es= azul; F= bleu}.<br />
blue backing {E} * A background used for producing <strong>the</strong><br />
mattes needed for special-effects pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. Used with<br />
colour-blind or nonsensitive film, an object may be<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed in front <strong>of</strong> this type <strong>of</strong> background for<br />
subsequent super imposition over live-action scenes; see<br />
also blue screen process. {D= ?; Es= fondo azul; F= fond<br />
30<br />
bleu}.<br />
blue screen process {E} * A system <strong>of</strong> travelling matte<br />
preparation in which <strong>the</strong> foreground action is pho<strong>to</strong>graphed<br />
against a uniformly illuminated blue background using<br />
colour negative film in <strong>the</strong> camera. Light from <strong>the</strong> backing<br />
thus exposes only <strong>the</strong> blue-sensitive layer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film while<br />
<strong>the</strong> foreground objects are recorded normally. By printing<br />
from this negative with colour filters and combining <strong>the</strong><br />
resultant images, <strong>the</strong> required silhouette masks, or mattes,<br />
are prepared which allow a dupe negative <strong>to</strong> be printed in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> foreground action is combined with a normal<br />
background scene. see also blue backing. {D= ?; Es=<br />
proceso del fondo azul; F= cache contre-cache {F} see<br />
fond bleu.; procédé fond bleu}.<br />
blue wool light fastness standards {E} * Specially dyed<br />
textiles are made in such a way that <strong>the</strong> more sensitive<br />
standard textile will achieve just 'appreciable fading' in half<br />
<strong>the</strong> time needed for <strong>the</strong> next most sensitive standard <strong>to</strong> do<br />
so, and so on. The blue wool standards have been<br />
adopted as an ISO standard. Eight specially prepared blue<br />
dyed wool samples are supplied on a card. They are<br />
chosen so that standard number 2 takes roughly twice as<br />
long <strong>to</strong> be perceptibly faded as standard 1, standard 3<br />
roughly twice as long as standard 2, and so on through <strong>to</strong><br />
standard 8. The measurement cannot give a good idea <strong>of</strong><br />
how much exposure <strong>to</strong> light <strong>the</strong> item <strong>to</strong> be tested will stand<br />
in any given situation; see also light damage slide rule.53.<br />
{D= ?; Es= pruebas de estabilidad de la lana azul<br />
expuesta a la luz; F= normes de teinture bleue}.<br />
Blue Amberol cylinder {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for<br />
a standard size, moulded, blue dyed celluloid (ranging<br />
from navy <strong>to</strong> sky blue), 4 minute cylinder sound recording<br />
with a plaster filler <strong>to</strong> grip <strong>the</strong> mandrel. Manufactured by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Edison Company from Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1912 until <strong>the</strong> company<br />
ceased record production in 1929, such cylinders had <strong>the</strong><br />
identifying information printed in white, with some celebrity<br />
records having gold or yellow lettering. The title end <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se cylinder was originally flat, since <strong>the</strong>y were made<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Amberol cylinder moulds, but this evolved <strong>to</strong> a<br />
slightly rounded bevel. Information slips were announced<br />
as being issued with each Blue Amberol, but <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
known <strong>to</strong> exist only for <strong>the</strong> first two years <strong>of</strong> production.<br />
Some are <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opinion that <strong>the</strong> Blue Amberols with issue<br />
numbers from about 5500 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> last allocated number<br />
5732 are dubs from electrical recorded Diamond Discs;<br />
see also Amberol.(14.)<br />
Blue Book {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S.A. broadcasting program by<br />
<strong>the</strong> U.S.A.'s Federal Communication Commission (FCC)<br />
entitled Public Service Responsibility <strong>of</strong> Broadcast<br />
Licencees; cats cover.(10.)<br />
blues {E} * Added pages <strong>to</strong> a screenplay rewrite that are<br />
indicated by being printed on light blue paper. {D= ?; Es=<br />
papel de color azul claro; F= additif au sénario sur pages<br />
bleues}.<br />
blur {E} * In both still and moving-iamge work, and<br />
indistinct image caused by vibration, poor focus, or any<br />
unplanned movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera, printer, or projec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
or any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir parts, or by inconsistent alignment in <strong>the</strong><br />
printer gate <strong>of</strong> preprint and raw s<strong>to</strong>ck. {D= ?; Es=<br />
desenfocado; flou; desenfocado de la imagen; F= flou;<br />
trouble; filage}.<br />
BNC connec<strong>to</strong>r{E} * acronym for Bayonet-Neill-<br />
Concelman; <strong>the</strong> identifier <strong>of</strong> a pr<strong>of</strong>essional connec<strong>to</strong>r used<br />
<strong>to</strong> connect coaxial cable <strong>to</strong> electronic video equipment.<br />
{D= ?; Es= conec<strong>to</strong>r BNC ; F= connecteur BNC}.<br />
Bobby {D} * see core; hub {E}.<br />
bobina {Es} * see roll (1); spool {E}.<br />
bobina {Es} * see spool {E}.
obina a bobina {Es} * see reel <strong>to</strong> reel {E}.<br />
bobina A {Es} * see A reel {E}.<br />
bobina abier<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see open reel {E}.<br />
bobina arrollamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
bobina B {Es} * see B reel {E}.<br />
bobina chata {Es} * see pancake {E}.<br />
bobina de inductancia {Es} * see induc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
bobina de inductancia {F} * see induc<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es}.<br />
bobina de pellizco {Es} * see pinch roller {E}.<br />
bobina de presión {Es} * see pinch roller {E}.<br />
bobina de recogida {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
bobina de sincronización {Es} * see sync roll {E}.<br />
bobina estándar {Es} * see standard roll {E}.<br />
bobina móvil {Es} * see moving coil {E}.<br />
bobina plana {Es} * see pancake {E}.<br />
bobina recep<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
bobina tipo A {Es} * see type A reel {E}.<br />
bobina tipo B {Es} * see type B reel {E}.<br />
bobinado {Es} * see reel pack; reeling; wind {E}.<br />
bobinado flojo {Es} * see loose pack {E}.<br />
bobinado libre {Es} * see reel <strong>to</strong> reel {E}.<br />
bobinado rápido {Es} * see fast wind {E}.<br />
bobinage {F} * see reel pack; reeling {E}.<br />
bobinage à moment constant {F} * see constant <strong>to</strong>rque<br />
wind {E}.<br />
bobinage à tension constante {F} * see constant tension<br />
wind {E}.<br />
bobinage/enroulement à moment constant {F} * see<br />
constant <strong>to</strong>rque winding/spooling {E}.<br />
bobinage rapide {F} * see fast wind {E}.<br />
bobinas A/B {Es} * see A/B rolls {E}.<br />
bobinas de producción {Es} * see production rolls {E}.<br />
bobine {F} * see reel; roll; spool {E}.<br />
bobine A {F} * see A reel {E}.<br />
bobine B {F} * see B reel {E}.<br />
bobine débitrice {F} * see feed reel {E}.<br />
bobine démontable {F} * see flange {E}.<br />
bobine démontable {F} * see flange {E}.<br />
bobine enrouleuse {F} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
bobine libre {F} * see open reel; reel <strong>to</strong> reel {E}.<br />
bobine mobile {F} * see moving coil {E}.<br />
31<br />
bobine réceptrice {F} * see take-up reel {E}.<br />
bobine standard {F} * see standard roll {E}.<br />
bobine sur noyau {F} * see pancake {E}.<br />
bobine type A {F} * see type A reel {E}.<br />
bobine type B {F} * see type B reel {E}.<br />
bobines A/B {F} * see A/B rolls {E}.<br />
bobines de production {F} * see production rolls {E}.<br />
bobines ouvertes {F} * see open reel {E}.<br />
boblaje {Es} * see dubbing {E}.<br />
bocina {Es} * see horn {E}.<br />
bocina de registro {Es} * see recording horn {E}.<br />
body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entry {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> a catalogue record<br />
which begins with <strong>the</strong> title (area 1) and ends with <strong>the</strong><br />
production, distribution, etc., area (area 4).12. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cuerpo de entrada (catálogo); F= catalogue d'édition<br />
discographique}.<br />
Bogenlampe {D} * see arc lamp {E}.<br />
boîte (pour film) {F} * see can {E}.<br />
boîte {F} * see box; container; slitting {E}.<br />
boîte à lumière {F} * see light box {E}.<br />
boîte/car<strong>to</strong>n de s<strong>to</strong>ckage de disques {F} * see records<br />
centre container/car<strong>to</strong>n {E}.<br />
boîte d'archives {F} * see archives box/container {E}.<br />
boîte pochette {F} * see slipcase {E}.<br />
boîtier .{F} * see enclosure .{E}.<br />
boîtier {F} * see case; container; enclosure; shell {E}.<br />
bol {F} * see scoop {E}.<br />
bolsa {Es} * see pocket {E}.<br />
bolsillo {Es} * see pocket {E}.<br />
bomba de sumidero {Es} * see sump pump {E}.<br />
bombo {Es} * see magazine (1) {E;Es;F}.<br />
bon de commande {F} * see production ticket {E}.<br />
bone (<strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> boning) {E} * To remove air bubbles,<br />
and/or <strong>to</strong> smooth, flatten, and ensure adhesion between<br />
two materials by rubbing with a flat <strong>to</strong>ol made <strong>of</strong> bone or<br />
plastic.(32.) {{F= livret; D= Beiheft; Es= ; F= lismall book,<br />
usually a few pages with a paper cover}.<br />
booklet {E} * A small book; usually a few pages with a<br />
paper cover. {D= ?; Es= folle<strong>to</strong>; F= livret}.<br />
boom {E} * l) The jib <strong>of</strong> a mobile camera mount which may<br />
be raised above a set and projected out over it. 2) A<br />
mobile, crane-like device <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> microphone is<br />
attached during <strong>the</strong> moving-image production process.<br />
Mounted on wheels, <strong>the</strong> boom can be moved from one<br />
part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> set <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r in order <strong>to</strong> follow <strong>the</strong> sound and<br />
action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene.(09.30.) {D= Mikr<strong>of</strong>onkran; Es= brazo<br />
de grúa; jirafa; pértiga; F= girafe; perche; grue}.<br />
boomy {E} * Subjective description <strong>of</strong> a sound quality
which has resonances in <strong>the</strong> low frequencies; terms with<br />
similar shades <strong>of</strong> meaning are tubby, bassy.(04.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= calidad de sonido; F= son sourd; grondement;<br />
bourdonnement; grave; caverneux; ?}.<br />
booster {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processing, a popular term<br />
for a replenisher solution in film processing, usually <strong>of</strong><br />
greater concentration than <strong>the</strong> circulating bath <strong>to</strong> which it<br />
is added. {D= ?; Es= amplificador de refuerzo; F=<br />
amplificateur; survolteur; suramplificateur; ?}.<br />
bootleg {E;F} * The unauthorized recording, ei<strong>the</strong>r audio,<br />
still or moving-image, <strong>of</strong> a performance or session, ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
on radio, television, studio, or live. Bootlegs do not usually<br />
include such things as would make it a counterfeit (i.e.,<br />
associated art work, label, trademark, or packaging <strong>of</strong> a<br />
legitimate production); see also piracy. {D= Bootleg; Es=<br />
grabación pirata}.<br />
Bootleg {D} * see bootleg {E;F}.<br />
boracic acid {E} * A chemical compound, soluble in water,<br />
that is used by film labora<strong>to</strong>ries in fine-grain developers<br />
and in fixing baths; also known as boric acid; <strong>the</strong><br />
crystalline powder is white and can be used <strong>to</strong> extend <strong>the</strong><br />
life <strong>of</strong> fixers which contain potash alum. {D= Borsäure; Es=<br />
ácido bórico; F= acid boracique}.<br />
borax {E;Es;F} * A crystalline powder used in fine-grain film<br />
developers. This comparatively weak alkali dissolves<br />
readily when mixed in hot water. {D= Borax}.<br />
Borax {D} * see borax {E}.<br />
bord {F} * see edge {E}.<br />
bord émoussé {F} * see edge roll/lift {E}.<br />
borde de guía de sincronización {Es} * see leading edge <strong>of</strong><br />
sync {E}.<br />
borde de una cinta magnética {Es} * see edge (3) {E}.<br />
borde rec<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see straight edge {E}.<br />
bordereau {F} * see checklist {E}.<br />
bords recourbés {F} * see edge curl {E}.<br />
boric acid {E} * see boracic acid.<br />
borrado {Es} * see blanking; erasing; wipe {E}.<br />
borrado accidental {Es} * see accidental erasure {E}.<br />
borrado espontáneo {Es} * see self erasure {E}.<br />
borrado horizontal {Es} * see horizontal blanking {E}.<br />
borrado selectivo {Es} * see selective erasure {E}.<br />
borrador {Es} * see draft (1) {E}.<br />
borrador instantáneo de rollos {Es} * see bulk eraser {E}.<br />
borrar {Es} * see erase {E}.<br />
Borsäure {D} * see boracic acid {E}.<br />
BOT {E} * acronym for beginning <strong>of</strong> tape {E}.<br />
boubier .{F} * see mire .{E}.<br />
boucle de distribution {F} * see loop {E}.<br />
boucle de masse {F} * see ground loop {E}.<br />
boucle locale {F} * see local loop {E}.<br />
32<br />
boum {F} * see bump {E}.<br />
bounce light {E} * Illumination that is reflected <strong>of</strong>f ceilings<br />
and walls <strong>to</strong> illuminate <strong>the</strong> subject indirectly.09. {D= ?; Es=<br />
luz reflejada; F= lumière réfléchie; lumière indirecte; ?}.<br />
bourdonnement {F} * see boomy; buzz; hum {E}.<br />
bourrage {F} * see buckle; jam {E}.<br />
bout-à-bout {F} * see rough cut {E}.<br />
box {E} * 1) A container for various materials. 2) A<br />
container that may be open at one end or completely<br />
closed. 3) A multiple-disc set <strong>of</strong> audio or video<br />
recordings.(04.07.) {D= Box; Kar<strong>to</strong>n; Schachtel; Behälter;<br />
Köfferchen; Es= caja; cajita; 1) caja; 2) caja con abertura<br />
en uno de sus extremos; 3) juego de discos múltiple; F=<br />
boîte; car<strong>to</strong>n; c<strong>of</strong>fret}.<br />
Box {D} * see box {E}.<br />
boxy {E} * Subjective description <strong>of</strong> sound quality which<br />
fails <strong>to</strong> create an impression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> space and ambience <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> original sound source and its environment; usually<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> particularly small, ineffective speaker systems<br />
with poor bass and <strong>of</strong>f-axis response.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
descripción de la calidad de sonido; F= son "maîgre"}.<br />
BPI {E} * acronym for bits per inch.<br />
BPMM {E} * acronym for bits per millimetre.<br />
br {D;E} * The chemical symbol <strong>of</strong> bromine. {Es= bromo;<br />
F= Br; brome}.<br />
Br {F} * see br {D;E}.<br />
branch reposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * A subdivision or section <strong>of</strong><br />
archives, physically separate, responsible for <strong>the</strong><br />
acquisition, preservation, and communication <strong>of</strong> specified<br />
archives.22.23. {D= Zweigarchiv; Aussenstelle; Filialarchiv;<br />
Es= depósi<strong>to</strong> complementario; depósi<strong>to</strong> anejo; F= dépôt<br />
annexe}.<br />
Brandschutztüre {D} * see fire door {E}.<br />
bras acoustique {F} * see <strong>to</strong>ne arm {E}.<br />
bras avec cellule {F} * see pickup {E}.<br />
bras de lecture {F} * see pickup arm {E}.<br />
bras de phonocapteur {F} * see pickup arm {E}.<br />
bras de pickup {F} * see pickup arm {E}.<br />
bras linéaire {F} * see straight line tracking {E}.<br />
brauner Wachszylinder {D} * see brown wax cylinder {E}.<br />
brayer {E} * A small roller used for applying pressure <strong>to</strong> an<br />
encapsulated document in order <strong>to</strong> expel <strong>the</strong> entrapped air<br />
and <strong>to</strong> seal <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p and bot<strong>to</strong>m sheets, usually polyester,<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> encapsu-lating container.(07.) {D= ?; Es= rodillo; F=<br />
roulette; presseur}.<br />
brazo de grúa {Es} * see boom {E}.<br />
brazo de la aguja de un <strong>to</strong>cadiscos {Es} * see stylus bar<br />
{E}.<br />
brazo de <strong>to</strong>cadiscos o fonógrafo {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>ne arm {E}.<br />
brazo del fonocap<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see pickup arm {E}.<br />
brazo del <strong>to</strong>cadiscos {Es} * see pickup arm {E}.
azo fonocap<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>ne arm {E}.<br />
brazo portador {Es} * see carrier-arm {E}.<br />
break up {E} * Any loss <strong>of</strong> sync which causes <strong>the</strong> video<br />
picture <strong>to</strong> become unstable. {D= ?; Es= pérdida de<br />
sincronización; F= instabilité; perte de synchronisation}.<br />
breaking strength {E} * The breaking load or force,<br />
expressed in kilograms/pounds per centimetre/inch,<br />
required <strong>to</strong> rupture a material; see also tensile<br />
strength.(45.) {D= Reißlast; Bruchlast; Es= prueba de<br />
rotura por tracción; F= charge de rupture}.<br />
breathing {E} * Slight movement <strong>of</strong> a motion picture film<br />
along <strong>the</strong> optical axis during printing or projection, resulting<br />
in variations in <strong>the</strong> sharpness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image; see also<br />
buckle. {D= atmen; Es= desenfoque momentáneo; F=<br />
pompage}.<br />
breezeway {E} * A portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizontial blanking period<br />
that goes from <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizontal sync pulse <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour burst signal in composite video.<br />
{D= ?; Es= re<strong>to</strong>rno de línea; F= re<strong>to</strong>ur ligne}.<br />
Breitwand {D} * see widescreen {E}.<br />
Brennenbene {D} * see focal plane {E}.<br />
Brett {D} * see shelf {E}.<br />
brickwall {E} * In referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> slope <strong>of</strong> a filter, one which<br />
has a steep attenuation. Some anti-aliasing and antiimaging<br />
filters have brickwall characteristics.(39.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= aspec<strong>to</strong> de muro de ladrillo; F= effet en "mur de<br />
brique"}.<br />
bridge {E} * A narrow platform suspended over <strong>the</strong><br />
production stage. Luminaries and projection devices<br />
mounted on <strong>the</strong> bridge are accessible during performance.<br />
2) An audio track laid in<strong>to</strong> a videotape which is intended <strong>to</strong><br />
join two sound cuts and is usually covered with video. {D=<br />
?; Es= 1) pasarela; 2) unión de dos cortes de sonido; F=<br />
passerelle; pont}.<br />
bridging shot {E} * In a moving-image production, a shot<br />
used <strong>to</strong> cover a jump in time or place or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
discontinuity, such as falling calendar pages or railroad<br />
wheels.(30.) {D= ?; Es= hacer una unión puente con<br />
<strong>to</strong>mas de tiempos, lugares, etc. distin<strong>to</strong>s; F= ?}.<br />
bright {E} * A subjective expression that usually describes<br />
a large amount <strong>of</strong> high frequency energy in an audio<br />
recording or playback system or a sound reinforcement<br />
system; sound which is <strong>to</strong>o bright is considered <strong>to</strong> be<br />
shrill.(04.) {D= ?; Es= brillante; F= lumineux; brillant}.<br />
brightness {E} * A subjective term that indicates <strong>the</strong><br />
magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual sensation produced by a source <strong>of</strong><br />
light. Contrast is <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> brightness between <strong>the</strong><br />
darkest and lightest sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. {D= ?; Es=<br />
luminosidad; F= luminosité; brillance}.<br />
brightness range {E} * The relationship or ratio between<br />
<strong>the</strong> lightest and darkest areas in a frame <strong>of</strong> processed film.<br />
{D= ?; Es= nivel de luminosidad; F= rapport de brillance}.<br />
brillance {F} * see brightness; brilliant {E}.<br />
brillant {F} * see bright; brilliant {E}.<br />
brillante {Es} * see bright; brilliant {E}.<br />
brillanz {D} * see brilliant {E}.<br />
brilliant {E} * A processed print, rich in quality. In prints<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> as brilliant, <strong>the</strong> colours in <strong>the</strong> original subject<br />
matter are faithfully reproduced, and detail is evident in<br />
both dark and light areas. {D= brillanz; Es= brillo; brillante;<br />
F= brillance; brillant; clair}.<br />
33<br />
brillo {Es} * see brilliant {E}.<br />
brillo de pantalla {Es} * see screen brightness {E}.<br />
brillo fo<strong>to</strong>métrico {Es} * see luminance {E}.<br />
brittle {E} * A condition <strong>of</strong> materials indicating a very low<br />
fold endurance prior <strong>to</strong> breaking. {D= brüchig; spröd; Es=<br />
frágil; quebradizo; F= fragile; cassant}.<br />
brittleness {E} * That property <strong>of</strong> a material that causes it<br />
<strong>to</strong> break or crack when deformed by bending.40. {D=<br />
Brüchigkeit; Sprödheit Es= friabilidad; F= fragilité}.<br />
broad light {E} * S<strong>of</strong>t, floodlight-type <strong>of</strong> illumination unit:<br />
usually not focusable.09. {D= ?; Es= luz ambiente;<br />
iluminación difuminada; F= projecteur d'ambiance; fragilit;<br />
lumière diffuse}.<br />
broadcast {E;F} * To transmit via an electronic signal via<br />
radio or television; also known as radiocast for radio and<br />
telecast for television.(12.) {D= Rundfunksendung; senden;<br />
ausstrahlen; Funk; Funkübertragung; Es= emisión;<br />
difusión; F= émission; diffusion; radiodiffusion}.<br />
broadcast date {E} * The day, month, year, and, optionally,<br />
also <strong>the</strong> time at which a radio or television programme was<br />
broadcast in <strong>the</strong> country <strong>of</strong> origin.12. {D= Sendedatum;<br />
Es= fecha de emisión; F= date de première diffusion dans<br />
le pays d'origine}.<br />
broadcast station {E} * 1) A complete assemblage <strong>of</strong> radio<br />
or television equipment for transmitting or receiving. 2) The<br />
name <strong>of</strong> a place where such a complete assemblage is<br />
located. {D= Sender; Sendestation; Es= 1) emisora; 2)<br />
nombre de su ubicación; F= station de radiodiffusion ou de<br />
télédiffusion; émetteur; station émettrice}.<br />
broadcast video U-matic {E} (BVU) * see U-matic h.<br />
Brom {D} * see bromine (BR) {E}.<br />
brome (Br) {F} * see bromine (BR) {E}.<br />
brome {F} * see br {D;E}.<br />
Bromid {D} * see bromide {E}.<br />
bromide {E} * 1) A compound <strong>of</strong> bromine with ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
element or radical. 2) Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> salts used for<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic purposes, potassium bromide or silver<br />
bromide, for example. Bromides are made from bromine,<br />
a brownish red, nonmetallic element. {D= Bromid; Es= 1)<br />
bromuro; 2) cualquiera de sus sales; F= bromure}.<br />
bromide drag {E} * A colloquial term that describes <strong>the</strong><br />
residue <strong>of</strong> bromides from <strong>the</strong> developing fluid left on film<br />
after processing which can cause streaking. {D= ?; Es=<br />
residuos de bromuro; F= dépôt; résidu de bromures}.<br />
bromide film {E} * Sensitized pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film with an<br />
emulsion <strong>of</strong> silver bromide suspended in gelatin.01. {D= ?;<br />
Es= película de bromuro; F= film au bromure; bromure}.<br />
bromide paper {E} * Sensitized pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper with an<br />
emulsion <strong>of</strong> silver bromide suspended in gelatin.01. {D= ?;<br />
Es= papel al bromuro; F= papier au bromure; au gélatine<br />
bromure}.<br />
bromiding {E} * see bromide drag.<br />
bromine (BR) {E} * A chemical element, usually a reddishbrown<br />
corrosive liquid. {D= Brom; Es= bromo; F= brome<br />
(Br)}.<br />
bromo {Es} * see br {D;E}; bromine (BR) {E}.<br />
bromochlorodifluormethane {E} * see halon 1211.
omotrifluoromethane {E} * see halon 1301.<br />
bromure {F} * see bromide {E}.<br />
bromure d'ammonium {F} * see ammonium bromide {E}.<br />
bromure d'argent {F} * see silver bromide {E}.<br />
bromure de potassium {F} * see potassium bromide (K)<br />
{E}.<br />
bromuro {Es} * see bromide (1) {E}.<br />
bromuro amónico {Es} * see ammonium bromide {E}.<br />
bromuro de plata {Es} * see silver bromide {E}.<br />
bromuro potásico {Es} * see potassium bromide (K) {E}.<br />
bronceado (aspec<strong>to</strong> de bronce) {Es} * see bronzing {E}.<br />
bronzing {E} * The change <strong>to</strong> a purple-brown (bronze) <strong>to</strong>ne<br />
sometimes undergone by <strong>the</strong> blacks <strong>of</strong> bromide paper<br />
prints due <strong>to</strong> inappropriate processing or faulty paper; also<br />
known as pluming.05. {D= ?; Es= bronceado (aspec<strong>to</strong> de<br />
bronce); F= brunissage}.<br />
brosse à copeaux {F} * see chip brush {E}.<br />
brouillon {F} * see draft {E}.<br />
broutage {F} * see chatter {E}.<br />
brown stain {E} * In magnetic recording, a discolouration <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> head <strong>to</strong>p surface, usually a chemical reaction between<br />
<strong>the</strong> head surface materials and ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> tape binder, tape<br />
lubricant, or head bonding materials. Its origin is not well<br />
unders<strong>to</strong>od but is known <strong>to</strong> occur in <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> low<br />
humidity.46. {D= ?; Es= mancha de color marrón; F=<br />
décoloration (de la tête magnétique)}.<br />
brown wax cylinder {E} * The descriptive designation given<br />
<strong>to</strong> a standard size, needle cut, brown coloured (ranging in<br />
shades from deep brown, almost black, <strong>to</strong> light shades <strong>of</strong><br />
tan) wax 2 minute cylinder sound recording manufactured<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Edison Company from 1889-1890 until <strong>the</strong> methods<br />
<strong>of</strong> moulding cylinders was adopted in 1930. Edison<br />
Concert Cylinders are not known <strong>to</strong> have appeared in a<br />
form o<strong>the</strong>r than brown wax. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brown wax<br />
cylinders did not have any identification included as part <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> manufacturing process, but some are known <strong>to</strong> have<br />
included paper bands or rings with such information. The<br />
general brown wax cylinder was made <strong>of</strong> a combination <strong>of</strong><br />
metallic soaps with added wax and inorganic<br />
stabilizers.(14.) {D= brauner Wachszylinder; Es= cilindro<br />
de cera de color marrón; F= cylindre de cire brun}.<br />
brüchig {D} * see brittle {E}.<br />
Brüchigkeit {D} * see brittleness {E}.<br />
Bruchlast {D} * see breaking strength; bursting strength<br />
{E}.<br />
bruit (de fond) d'ambiance {F} * see room noise {E}.<br />
bruit {F} * see dynamic range; noise {E}.<br />
bruit aléa<strong>to</strong>ire {F} * see random noise {E}.<br />
bruit ambiant {F} * see ambient noise {E}.<br />
bruit au repos {F} * see quiescent noise {E}.<br />
bruit blanc {F} * see white noise {E}.<br />
bruit d'ambiance {F} * see presence {E}.<br />
34<br />
bruit d'aspérités {F} * see asperity noise {E}.<br />
bruit d'interférence {F} * see mo<strong>to</strong>rboating {E}.<br />
bruit de collure {F} * see bloop {E}.<br />
bruit de fond {F} * see noise floor {E}.<br />
bruit de fond {F} * see random noise {E}.<br />
bruit de granulation {F} * see granulation noise {E}.<br />
bruit de salle {F} * see room noise; room sound {E}.<br />
bruit de surface {F} * see surface noise {E}.<br />
bruit de tremblotement {F} * see di<strong>the</strong>r {D;E}.<br />
bruit de tremblotement {F} * see di<strong>the</strong>r {D;E}.<br />
bruit du système {F} * see system noise {E}.<br />
bruit pondéré {F} * see weighted noise {E}.<br />
bruitage {F} * see sound effects {E}.<br />
bruitages {F} * see effects {E}.<br />
bruitages {F} * see effects {E}.<br />
brûlure d'écran {F} * see burned-in {E}.<br />
Brumm {D} * see hum {E}.<br />
brunissage {F} * see bronzing {E}.<br />
Brut {D} * see vermin {E}.<br />
BSI {E} * acronym for British Standards Institute.<br />
BSI speeds {E} * The standards set by <strong>the</strong> British<br />
Standards Institute for rating <strong>the</strong> speed <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
emulsion; numerically similar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ASA standards. {D= ?;<br />
Es= velocidad BSI; F= vitesse BSI}.<br />
bubble {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc<br />
recordings; most <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> faulty pressing.(04.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= burbuja; F= bulle; cloque}.<br />
Büchse {D} * see can {E}.<br />
buckle {E} * 1) A curvature <strong>of</strong> film or magnetic tape due <strong>to</strong><br />
shrinkage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edges while <strong>the</strong> material is rolled, usually<br />
caused by s<strong>to</strong>rage at improper humidity. Temporary buckle<br />
results from loss <strong>of</strong> moisture from <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film or<br />
tape when s<strong>to</strong>red under dry air conditions; permanent<br />
buckle is caused by loss <strong>of</strong> solvent from <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film or tape when s<strong>to</strong>red under moist conditions. 2) Piling<br />
up <strong>of</strong> film or tape in a camera, cassette, jacket or<br />
magazine due <strong>to</strong> a transport malfunction.13. 3) In<br />
magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> deformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circular form <strong>of</strong> a<br />
tape pack that may be caused by a combination <strong>of</strong><br />
improper winding tension, adverse s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions,<br />
and/or poor reel and/or hub configuration.46. {D=<br />
Filmschleife; krümmen; knicken; Verformung; Es= bucla<br />
para la sincronización; abraquillado de película;<br />
abarquillado de la película; F= bourrage; film déformé;<br />
recourbé; en boucle; gaufrer}.<br />
buckling {E} * Deformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circular form <strong>of</strong> a roll <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape or film caused generally by a combination<br />
<strong>of</strong> adverse s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions or improper winding tension.<br />
Such deformation has a serious detrimental effect on <strong>the</strong><br />
quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> signal during playback.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
deformación de la cinta magnética; F= gauchissement;<br />
déformation circulaire}.<br />
bucla para la sincronización {Es} * see buckle {E}.
ucle (de la película) {Es} * see loop {E}.<br />
bucle para la sincronización {Es} * see buckle {E}.<br />
buffer {E} * 1) In digital data, a memory used <strong>to</strong> provide<br />
consistent rate <strong>of</strong> data flow, such as from an inconsistent<br />
source. A crystal-clocked buffer virtually eliminates wow<br />
and flutter in digital audio systems. 2) A substance capable<br />
in solution <strong>of</strong> neutralizing both acids and alkalies and<br />
<strong>the</strong>reby maintaining <strong>the</strong> original acidity or alkalinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
solution. 3) In film processing, a salt, sodium carbonate,<br />
for example, which is used <strong>to</strong> keep a developing solution<br />
at its proper degree <strong>of</strong> alkalinity. {D= 1) Pufferspeicher; 2)<br />
Puffer; Es= 1) memoria intermedia; 2) sustancia<br />
neutralizante; 3) produc<strong>to</strong> para alcalinizar; F= 1) mémoire<br />
tampon 2) substance neutralisante; 2) ?}.<br />
buffering {E} * In <strong>the</strong> context <strong>of</strong> alkaline paper making, an<br />
acid absorber or alkaline reserve, almost always calcium<br />
carbonate; see also alkaline.02. see also alkaline.02. {D=<br />
puffern; Es= reserva alcalina; F= alcalin}.<br />
Bühne {D} * see set {E}.<br />
buildup {E} * 1) In motion picture film editing, sections <strong>of</strong><br />
leader which are used <strong>to</strong> replace missing pieces <strong>of</strong> picture<br />
and soundtrack during <strong>the</strong> editing process. The purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
such leader is <strong>to</strong> maintain synchronism or <strong>to</strong> keep a shot<br />
at its correct length for subsequent negative cutting. 2) In<br />
magnetic recording, <strong>the</strong> accumulation <strong>of</strong> debris and<br />
magnetic particles deposited by magnetic tape on <strong>the</strong><br />
heads <strong>of</strong> a tape recorder, causing head/tape separation<br />
and an increase in friction. Solvent cleaning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
recorder heads will usually remove such buildup.(04.) 3) In<br />
film projection, accumulated scrapings <strong>of</strong> emulsion and dirt<br />
on <strong>the</strong> motion picture film gate. 4) In <strong>the</strong> film labora<strong>to</strong>ry, a<br />
term indicating increases in density caused by <strong>the</strong> release<br />
<strong>of</strong> metallic silver in negative or print material during<br />
processing. {D= 1) ?; 2) Abrieb ablegerungen; 3) ?; 4) ?;<br />
Es= 1) empalmes; 2) acumulación de partículas<br />
magnéticas; 3) raspaduras de emulsión y mugre; 4)<br />
aumen<strong>to</strong> en la densidad debido a la liberación de plata<br />
metálica; F= 1) amorce de compensation 2) poudrette 3)<br />
salissure 4) (augmentation de la densité pendant le tirage<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphique)}.<br />
bujía (unidad fo<strong>to</strong>métrica) {Es} * see candlepower {E}.<br />
bujía-metro {Es} * see candle metre {E}.<br />
bujía-pie {Es} * see footcandle (FC) {E}.<br />
bujías por pie cuadrado {Es} * see candles per square foot<br />
{E}.<br />
bulk eraser {E} * 1) A strong alternating electromagnetic<br />
device used <strong>to</strong> erase <strong>the</strong> magnetic patterns on tape while<br />
still wound on a reel, or in bulk form.(50.) 2) also known as<br />
a degausser; a machine which removes virtually all traces<br />
<strong>of</strong> previously recorded magnetic signals from <strong>the</strong> magnetic<br />
emulsion and leaves it in a demagnetized state, important<br />
in order <strong>to</strong> minimize both noise and dis<strong>to</strong>rtion when reusing<br />
tape. Erasures made using a bulk eraser generally result<br />
in a greater signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio than those erased on a<br />
tape recorder through <strong>the</strong> erase head; see also<br />
demagnetization.(04.) {D= Löschgerät; Es= borrador<br />
instantáneo de rollos; F= démagnétiseur; effaceur <strong>to</strong>tal;<br />
tête d'effacement <strong>to</strong>tal}.<br />
bulle {F} * see bubble {E}.<br />
bulles {F} * see air bells {E}.<br />
bulletin de demande {F} * see production ticket {E}.<br />
bump {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc and<br />
cylinder recordings, implying a raised surface on a portion<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> playing area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carrier which could cause sonic<br />
35<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion or groove jumping by <strong>the</strong> stylus.(04.) {D=<br />
Höhenschlag; Es= ruido de baja frecuencia producido<br />
durante la reproducción y debida a alguna irregularidad en<br />
la pista sonora de la película; F= cloc; "boum"; rugosité}.<br />
burbuja {Es} * see bubble {E}.<br />
burbujas de aire {Es} * see air bells {E}.<br />
burn-in {E} * 1) The pho<strong>to</strong>graphic double exposure <strong>of</strong> a title<br />
or o<strong>the</strong>r subject matter over previously exposed film.09. 2)<br />
A permanent dark scar or afterimage left on a video<br />
camera tube when <strong>the</strong> camera is aimed at something <strong>to</strong>o<br />
bright for <strong>to</strong>o long a period <strong>of</strong> time. Aiming most video<br />
cameras at <strong>the</strong> sun will produce such a scar.(35.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= incrustar; cicatriz oscura ; F= 1) incruster 2)<br />
éblouissement; trainées de lumière}.<br />
burned-in {E} * When <strong>the</strong> time code signal becomes a part<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual image in a video display. 2) A visual<br />
aberration which results from an exceptionally bright object<br />
is focused on an image pickup tube. 3) A period when an<br />
equipment manufacturer will operate an electronic device<br />
prior <strong>to</strong> its delivery in order <strong>to</strong> reveal possible early<br />
component failures. {D= ?; Es= superposición; F= 1) réexposition<br />
2) brûlure d'écran}.<br />
burst {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> a video NTSC signal that<br />
synchronizes <strong>the</strong> correct colour hue in a TV receiver set or<br />
a playback videotape machine. {D= ?; Es= estallido; señal<br />
de sincronización (TV); F= éclater; impulsions de<br />
synchronisation; salve d'identification}.<br />
burst error {D;E} * A large number <strong>of</strong> data bits lost on <strong>the</strong><br />
medium because <strong>of</strong> excessive damage <strong>to</strong> or obstruction on<br />
<strong>the</strong> medium.39. {Es= pérdida de bits; F= erreurs en salves;<br />
train d'erreurs}.<br />
burst fac<strong>to</strong>r {E} * The bursting strength <strong>of</strong> an item in grams<br />
per square centimetre divided by <strong>the</strong> basis weight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
item in grams per square metre, which also gives <strong>the</strong> burst<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>r as a numerical value; see also burst ratio.(45.) {D=<br />
?; Es= fac<strong>to</strong>r de estallido; F= facteur d'éclatement}.<br />
burst ratio {E} * The bursting strength <strong>of</strong> a material in<br />
points per pound; see also burst fac<strong>to</strong>r.45. {D= ?; Es=<br />
razón de estallido; F= taux d'éclatement}.<br />
bursting strength {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> an item<br />
<strong>to</strong> resist rupture when pressure is applied <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> its<br />
sides by a specified instrument, under specified conditions.<br />
Testing for <strong>the</strong> bursting strength <strong>of</strong> paper, for example, is<br />
a very common procedure, although its value in<br />
determining <strong>the</strong> potential permanence or durability is<br />
suspect; see also breaking strength; burst fac<strong>to</strong>r; points<br />
per pound.(45.) {D= Reißlast; Bruchlast; Es= resistencia al<br />
estallido; F= résistance à l'éclatement}.<br />
bus {E;F} * A row <strong>of</strong> but<strong>to</strong>ns on a video switcher. Generally<br />
a switcher will be made up <strong>of</strong> at least two buses, an A Bus<br />
and a B Bus. A pair <strong>of</strong> buses makes up a mix/effects bus,<br />
and many switchers have multiple M/E buses. {D= ?; Es=<br />
fila de bo<strong>to</strong>nes; F= rangée de commutateurs}.<br />
búsqueda selectiva {Es} * see retrieval {E}.<br />
butt splice {E} * A special type <strong>of</strong> very accurate motion<br />
picture film splice in which <strong>the</strong>re is no overlap <strong>to</strong> cause<br />
frames <strong>to</strong> go out <strong>of</strong> focus, and no frame loss <strong>to</strong> cause<br />
double-system soundtracks out <strong>of</strong> sync; butt splices are<br />
held <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r by welding (heat splices) or with adhesive<br />
splicing tape; not <strong>to</strong> be confused with lap splice. {D= ?;<br />
Es= tipo de empalme de películas; F= collure bout-à-bout;<br />
collure bord à bord}.<br />
butt splicer {E} * Equipment designed for making a butt<br />
splice. {D= ?; Es= máquina para empalmar [empalmadora]<br />
película; F= presse à collures; colleuse bout-à-bout}.
uzz {E} * A rasping noise heard in <strong>the</strong> background <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sound recording that is generally caused by hum or noise<br />
in <strong>the</strong> playback system. In grooved recordings it can be<br />
caused by imperfect or discontinuous contact <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
playback stylus in <strong>the</strong> groove.(04.) {D= ?; Es= ruido<br />
áspero; zumbido; F= bourdonnement}.<br />
buzz track {E} * A soundtrack that is used for testing <strong>the</strong><br />
alignment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound head in projection and recording<br />
equipment. The soundtrack contains two frequencies 300<br />
cycles per second on one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> track and 1,000<br />
cycles per second on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side. If <strong>the</strong> scanning beam<br />
is lined up properly, no sound is heard. If <strong>the</strong> sound head<br />
is not in its precise position, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frequencies will<br />
produce a buzzing sound. {D= ?; Es= pista sonora de<br />
ruido; F= piste de localisation; piste d'essais de bruit}.<br />
BVB {E;Es} * acronym for black-video-black. {D= ?; F=<br />
NVN}.<br />
BVU {E} * acronym for broadcast video U-matic; see Umatic<br />
{E}.<br />
byte {E} * A group <strong>of</strong> bits operating <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, usually<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> eight bits.39. {D= Byte; Es= bit; número<br />
arbitrario de bits que comprende una unidad operacional<br />
de información; octe<strong>to</strong>; F= octet}<br />
Byte {D} * see byte {E}.<br />
c ---<br />
c {E} * abbreviation for <strong>the</strong> speed <strong>of</strong> sound in air.<br />
C signal {E} * The video chrominance signal in NTSC. {D=<br />
?; Es= señal C; F= signal C}.<br />
cabestan {F} * see capstan {E}.<br />
cabez borradora de lectura y escritura {Es} * see readwrite-erase<br />
head {E}.<br />
cabeza {Es} * see tail (1) {E}.<br />
cabeza borradora {Es} * see erase head {E}.<br />
cabeza borradora volante {Es} * see flying erase head {E}.<br />
cabeza de barrido <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see master erase head {E}.<br />
cabeza de borrado {Es} * see erase head {E}.<br />
cabeza de sincronización {Es} * see sync head {E}.<br />
cabeza grabadora {Es} * see recording head {E}.<br />
cabeza lec<strong>to</strong>ra (de reproducción) {Es} * see playback head<br />
{E}.<br />
cabeza moni<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r head {E}.<br />
cabeza registradora {Es} * see recording head {E}.<br />
cabeza y cola {Es} * see head and tail {E}.<br />
cabeza y principo y fin {Es} * see head and tail {E}.<br />
cabezada {Es} * see tail (1) {E}.<br />
cabezal óptico {Es} * see optical pickup {E}.<br />
cabezas alineadas verticalmente {Es} * see in-line heads<br />
{E}.<br />
cabina insonorizada {Es} * see blimp {E}.<br />
cabinet {E} * 1) A housing for electronic equipment.(10.) 2)<br />
36<br />
In nitrate based motion picture film parlance, a nitrate film<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage enclosure which is constructed and equipped in<br />
accordance with section 42 or 44 <strong>of</strong> NFPA 40.34. {D= ?;<br />
Es= 1) cubierta; 2) armario; F= 1) housse; 2) casier;<br />
casemate (film nitrate)}.<br />
cabinet model {E} * see enclosed horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone.<br />
câble d'alimentation {F} * see power cord {E}.<br />
cabo de entrada de la Academia (de artes escénicas de<br />
los EEUU) {Es} * see Academy leader {E}.<br />
cabrestante (de arrastre) {Es} * see capstan {E}.<br />
caché {Es} * see mask {E}.<br />
cache ? (ciné) {F} * see window board {E}.<br />
cache {F} * see cucolouris {E}.<br />
cache {F} * see cucolouris; mask; mat (matte); vignette {E}.<br />
cache contre-cache {F} * see blue screen process {E}.<br />
cache de découpe {F} * see gobo {E}.<br />
cache de fenêtre {F} * see aperture plate {E}.<br />
Cache {D} * see mask {E}.<br />
caches perforés à projeter {F} * see cukes {E}.<br />
cadena {Es} * see network; series (1) {E}.<br />
cadence {F} * see clock rate {E}.<br />
cadence de projection {F} * see film speed {E}.<br />
cadencia del reloj {Es} * see clock rate {E}.<br />
cadrage {F} * see framing {E}.<br />
cadre {F} * see frame; mat board; slide mount {E}.<br />
cadre-presseur {F} * see pressure pad {E}.<br />
cadreur {F} * see lighting cameraman {E}.<br />
caída de señal {Es} * see dropout {E}.<br />
caisson d'insonorisation {F} * see blimp {E}.<br />
caja {Es} * see archives box/container; box (1); can;<br />
slipcase {E}.<br />
caja con abertura en uno de sus extremos {Es} * see box<br />
(2) {E}.<br />
caja de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> de grabaciones (discos/cintas)<br />
{Es} * see records centre container/car<strong>to</strong>n {E}.<br />
caja de luz para película {Es} * see light box {E}.<br />
caja insonorizada {Es} * see blimp {E}.<br />
caja original {Es} * see original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
container) {E}.<br />
caja protec<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see shell {E}.<br />
cajita {Es} * see box {E}.<br />
cálculo de la caída de desprendimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see dropout<br />
count {E}.<br />
cálculo de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout count {E}.
calibrar {Es} * see calibrate (1) {E}.<br />
calibrate {E} * 1) To adjust equipment for example, a<br />
console and a tape recorder <strong>to</strong> a pre-agreed standard so<br />
that <strong>the</strong>ir measurements are similar. Usually refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
technique <strong>of</strong> adjusting <strong>the</strong> V/U-meters on two pieces <strong>of</strong><br />
equipment, for instance, a tape recorder and a control<br />
board, so that <strong>the</strong>y will respond identically <strong>to</strong> given signal<br />
at a given voltage, or <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> loudest portion <strong>of</strong> a recording<br />
<strong>to</strong> be dubbed.(04.07.) 2) In video, <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong><br />
standardizing a reference <strong>to</strong>ol, such as a vec<strong>to</strong>rscope or<br />
waveform moni<strong>to</strong>r, so that any signal information that is<br />
displayed can be measured accurately. {D= Kalibrieren;<br />
Es= 1) calibrar; 2) normalización de moni<strong>to</strong>res; F= calibrer;<br />
étalonner; graduer}.<br />
calibration tape {E} * see alignment tape.<br />
calibre {Es} * see gauge {E}.<br />
calibrer {F} * see calibrate {E}.<br />
calidad de archivo {Es} * see archival quality {E}.<br />
calidad de sonido {Es} * see boomy {E}.<br />
Callier effect {E} * Effect <strong>of</strong> light scatter in optical systems,<br />
first studied by Andre Callier in 1909. {D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong><br />
Callier; F= effet Callier}.<br />
calotype {F} * see collotype; gelatin print {E}.<br />
cam {E} * A revolving device <strong>of</strong>ten used inside <strong>the</strong> shuttle<br />
framework <strong>of</strong> a camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> actuate <strong>the</strong> claws in<br />
an intermittent movement. {D= ?; Es= leva; excéntrica; F=<br />
came; excentrique}.<br />
camafeo (un tipo de iluminación en producciones de<br />
televisión) {Es} * see cameo {E}.<br />
cámara {Es} * see camera {E}.<br />
cámara de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed camera<br />
{E}.<br />
cámara de animación {Es} * see animation camera {E}.<br />
cámara de micr<strong>of</strong>ichas {Es} * see step-and-repeat camera<br />
{E}.<br />
cámara de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm camera {E;F}.<br />
cámara de procesado {Es} * see process camera {E}.<br />
cámara de seguridad {Es} * see vault {E}.<br />
cámara estilográfica {Es} * see caméra stylo (i.e., camerapen)<br />
{E}.<br />
cámara lenta {Es} * see Slo-mo; slow motion; stretch (1)<br />
{E}.<br />
cámara oscura {Es} * see camera obscura {E}.<br />
cámara planetaria {Es} * see planetary camera {E}.<br />
cámara reflex {Es} * see reflex camera {E}.<br />
cámara rota<strong>to</strong>ria {Es} * see rotary camera {E}.<br />
cámara subjetiva (<strong>to</strong>ma desde el pun<strong>to</strong> de visión del<br />
personaje) {Es} * see subjective camera {E}.<br />
cambiador de discos {Es} * see record changer {E}.<br />
cambio {Es} * see interchange {E}.<br />
cambio de densidad {Es} * see density change {E}.<br />
cambio de imágenes {Es} * see cut (4){E}.<br />
37<br />
cambio de secuencias {Es} * see cut (4){E}.<br />
cambio rápido del plano focal {Es} * see rack focusing {E}.<br />
cambios de color durante el positivado {Es} * see colour<br />
balance (1, 2) {E}.<br />
cambios en la separación entre cabeza y cinta {Es} * see<br />
tape-<strong>to</strong>-head separation changes {E}.<br />
camcorder {E;Es} * A composite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> words 'camera' and<br />
'recorder'; a small, portable video camera and recorder<br />
combined in<strong>to</strong> one unit.10. {D= Camcorder; F=<br />
camescope}<br />
Camcorder {D} * see camcorder {E}.<br />
came {F} * see cam {E}.<br />
cameo {E} * A light situation in TV production when only<br />
<strong>the</strong> foreground is illuminated. The background is black and<br />
unlighted. Also refer <strong>to</strong> limbo. {D= ?; Es= camafeo (un tipo<br />
de iluminación en producciones de televisión); F=<br />
éclairage avant (limbo)}.<br />
camera {E} * 1) In still and moving-image pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a<br />
closed box containing, or intending <strong>to</strong> contain, a sensitized<br />
plate or film on which an image is formed when light enters<br />
through a lens. 2) In video, <strong>the</strong> device that receives <strong>the</strong><br />
image via <strong>the</strong> lens and transforms it in<strong>to</strong> an electronic<br />
signal; see also camera obscura. {D= Kamera; Es=<br />
cámara; F= appareil de prise de vue; appareil pho<strong>to</strong>;<br />
appareil de prises de vues}.<br />
camera angle {E} * The position at which <strong>the</strong> camera is<br />
pointed at <strong>the</strong> subject: low, high or tilt; see also angle <strong>of</strong><br />
view, which is different.30. {D= ?; Es= ángulo de cámara;<br />
F= angle de prise de vue}.<br />
camera chain {E} * All <strong>the</strong> principal components <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
camera such as camera control unit, video moni<strong>to</strong>r,<br />
waveform moni<strong>to</strong>r, associated equipment, and connecting<br />
cables. camera primaries {E} * The video camera primary<br />
signals are <strong>the</strong> electrical analogies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> red, green, and<br />
blue visual components <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene. {D= ?; Es=<br />
componentes de una cámara; F= chaîne vidéo}.<br />
camera film {E} * 1) Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film which is used in <strong>the</strong><br />
camera <strong>to</strong> record <strong>the</strong> original scene; <strong>the</strong>re are numerous<br />
different types <strong>of</strong> such film available for <strong>the</strong> many<br />
conditions under which subjects <strong>of</strong>ten must be filmed, for<br />
<strong>the</strong> special effects that <strong>the</strong> cinema<strong>to</strong>gra-pher wants <strong>to</strong><br />
produce, and for <strong>the</strong> processing and projection<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> job; see also master film; preservation<br />
master negative; camera negative.(09.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
película para cámara; F= film original}.<br />
camera micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {E} * First generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm; see also<br />
camera film; master film; preservation master negative.19.<br />
{D= ?; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilme para cámara; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm original}.<br />
camera negative {E} * The negative film exposed in <strong>the</strong><br />
camera; see also camera film; master film; preservation<br />
master negative.40. {D= ?; Es= negativo para cámara; F=<br />
film négatif original}.<br />
camera obscura {E;F} * A device, developed by Leonardo<br />
Da Vinci in <strong>the</strong> 16th century, which established <strong>the</strong> basic<br />
principal <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic reproduction. The camera<br />
obscura (i.e., darkroom) allowed a small ray <strong>of</strong> light <strong>to</strong> pass<br />
through a hole in<strong>to</strong> a <strong>to</strong>tally dark room (hence <strong>the</strong> name).<br />
An inverted and laterally reversed image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outside<br />
scene appeared on <strong>the</strong> darkened room's rear wall, thus<br />
producing <strong>the</strong> earliest form <strong>of</strong> a 'camera'. Da Vinci's image<br />
could be traced by <strong>the</strong> artist <strong>to</strong> achieve greater realism in<br />
artistic renderings. With <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic plate by Nicephore Niepce and Louis J.M.<br />
Daguerre in <strong>the</strong> 1830s which mechanically/chemically
captured <strong>the</strong> inverted image, still pho<strong>to</strong>graphy became<br />
possible. {D= Cameraobscura; Es= cámara oscura}.<br />
camera pen {E} * see caméra stylo.<br />
camera speed {E} * The speed at which motion picture film<br />
runs through a motion picture camera, usually noted in<br />
frames per second (FPS). The standard speed for sound<br />
motion pictures is 24 FPS; speeds for silent motion<br />
pictures can range from 14 FPS <strong>to</strong> 23 FPS. {D= ?; Es=<br />
velocidad de cámara; F= vitesse de prise de vues}.<br />
camera tube {E} * The electron beam tube in television<br />
used <strong>to</strong> convert light rays in<strong>to</strong> electrical signals.10. {D=<br />
Aufnahme-ildröhre; Es= tubo <strong>to</strong>mavistas; tubo analizador<br />
(de TV); F= tube analyseur; tube de caméra}.<br />
caméra (à vidée) réflex {F} * see reflex camera {E}.<br />
caméra cinétique {F} * see rotary camera {E}.<br />
caméra d'animation {F} * see animation camera {E}.<br />
caméra grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed camera {E}.<br />
caméra image par image {F} * see animation camera {E}.<br />
caméra isolée {F} * see isolated camera {E}.<br />
caméra obscura {F} * see camera obscura {E}.<br />
camera original protection dupe videotape {E} * A first<br />
generation copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera original videotape. {D= ?;<br />
Es= copia de primera generación (cinta de vídeo); F=<br />
copie de première génération; bande vidéo originale}.<br />
caméra pas à pas ? {F} * see planetary camera {E}.<br />
caméra pour micr<strong>of</strong>iches {F} * see step-and-repeat camera<br />
{E}.<br />
caméra prenant la place de la personne {F} * see<br />
subjective camera {E}.<br />
caméra statique {F} * see planetary camera {E}.<br />
caméra stylo (i.e., camera-pen) {E;F} * The phrase used by<br />
Alexandre Astruc <strong>to</strong> suggest that <strong>the</strong> art <strong>of</strong> film was <strong>the</strong><br />
equal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> novel and essay in flexibility and range.30.<br />
{D= ?; Es= cámara estilográfica}.<br />
caméra subjective {F} * see subjective camera {E}.<br />
caméra ultra rapide {F} * see high-speed camera {E}.<br />
cámera de micr<strong>of</strong>ichas {Es} * see step-and-repeat camera<br />
{E}.<br />
cámera de seguridad {Es} * see vault {E}.<br />
cámera esática {Es} * see planetary camera {E}.<br />
cámera rota<strong>to</strong>ria {Es} * see rotary camera {E}.<br />
Cameraobscura {D} * see camera obscura {E}.<br />
camescope {F} * see camcorder {E}.<br />
camino cerrado de tierra {Es} * see ground loop {E}.<br />
camisa {Es} * see folder {E}.<br />
campo de acción {Es} * see domain {E}.<br />
campo de conmutación {Es} * see patch field {E}.<br />
campo de da<strong>to</strong>s auxiliar {Es} * see auxiliary data field {E}.<br />
campo de da<strong>to</strong>s de un sec<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see data field <strong>of</strong> a<br />
38<br />
sec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
campo de sincronización {Es} * see synchronization field<br />
{E}.<br />
campo de televisión {Es} * see field (2) {E}.<br />
campo del cabezal (estanco) {Es} * see header field {E}.<br />
campo electrónico {Es} * see field (1) {E}.<br />
can {E} * l) A metal or plastic container for film. 2) A studio<br />
term for <strong>the</strong> headphones worn by technicians during<br />
motion picture filming; <strong>the</strong>y serve as an intercom system<br />
between <strong>the</strong> direc<strong>to</strong>r and <strong>the</strong> control room. 3) A 1000-watt<br />
lamp in a housing mounted on a stand or pedestal. {D=<br />
Dose; Büchse; Es= lata; caja; 1) contenedor, 2)<br />
auriculares; 3) lámpara de 1000 vatios montada sobre un<br />
pedestal; F= 1) boîte (pour film) 2) casques son de studio}.<br />
canal {Es} * see channel {E}.<br />
canal {F} * see channel {E}.<br />
canal électronique {F} * see electronics <strong>to</strong> electronics (E-E)<br />
{E}.<br />
canal p {Es;F} * see p-channel {E}.<br />
canal q {Es;F} * see q channel {E}.<br />
canal Q {Es;F} * see Q channel {E}.<br />
canal r {Es;F} * see r channel {E}.<br />
canal s {Es;F} * see s channel {E}.<br />
canal sonoro {Es} * see channel {E}.<br />
canal t {Es} * see t channel {E}.<br />
canal u {Es;F} * see u channel {E}.<br />
canal v {Es;F} * see v channel {E}.<br />
canal w {Es;F} * see w channel {E}.<br />
canaux p-w {Es;F} * see p-w channels {E}.<br />
cancelación {Es} * see blanking shutter {E}.<br />
candela (CD) {E;Es;F} * The international standard unit<br />
used <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> strength (luminous intensity) <strong>of</strong> a light<br />
source. One candela is <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light given <strong>of</strong>f by<br />
1/60 <strong>of</strong> a square centimetre <strong>of</strong> projected area <strong>of</strong> a perfectly<br />
radiating object heated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> temperature <strong>of</strong> freezing<br />
platinum, 3222°F, 1772°C, or 2045°K. One candela is<br />
slightly less than 1 candle. One candela is equal <strong>to</strong> one<br />
lumen per square foot or 10.764 lux. The unit <strong>of</strong><br />
measurement, <strong>the</strong> lumen, is based on this type <strong>of</strong><br />
measurement. The candela has replaced <strong>the</strong> standard<br />
candle or lamp as a unit <strong>of</strong> luminous intensity in<br />
calculations involving artificial lighting and is sometimes<br />
called <strong>the</strong> 'new candle'; see also candle; footcandle;<br />
illuminance; lumen; lux. {D= Candela}.<br />
Candela {D} * see candela (CD) {E;Es;F}.<br />
candéla mètre {F} * see candle metre {E}.<br />
candéla mètre {F} * see candlepower {E}.<br />
candéla par pied carré {F} * see candles per square foot<br />
{E}.<br />
candle metre {E} * also known as lux; a unit <strong>of</strong> illumination<br />
equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light falling on a surface one metre<br />
away from a one candlepower. {D= ?; Es= bujía-metro; F=<br />
candéla mètre}.
candlepower {E} * The maximum footcandles times <strong>the</strong><br />
fixture distance squared. The candlepower law is valid only<br />
for distances greater than 20 times <strong>the</strong> diametre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
fixture reflec<strong>to</strong>r or lens, with a few exceptions. Knowing <strong>the</strong><br />
candlepower <strong>of</strong> any particular fixture, one can determine<br />
<strong>the</strong> maximum footcandles that same fixture will produce at<br />
any given distance. Divide <strong>the</strong> candlepower figure by <strong>the</strong><br />
distance squared, <strong>to</strong> obtain maximum footcandles.<br />
Example: if a fixture is rated at one million candlepower<br />
and it is necessary <strong>to</strong> know <strong>the</strong> maximum intensity <strong>of</strong> that<br />
particular fixture at 50 feet, divide one million by 50<br />
squared or 2500, which is equal <strong>to</strong> 400. That particular<br />
fixture will produce 400 maximum footcandles at a 50-foot<br />
distance; see also footcandles. {D= ?; Es= bujía (unidad<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>métrica); F= flux lumineux}.<br />
candles per square foot {E} * The brightness <strong>of</strong> an<br />
illuminated area is measured in terms <strong>of</strong> light intensity per<br />
unit area, normally candles per square foot. One candle<br />
per square foot is equal <strong>to</strong> 0.09290304 candle per square<br />
metre. {D= ?; Es= bujías por pie cuadrado; F= candéla par<br />
pied carré}.<br />
cannelures {F} * see fluting {E}.<br />
canoa (aguja curvada para vídeocinta) {Es} * see canoe<br />
{E}.<br />
canoe {E} * The curved, air suction guide <strong>of</strong> a quadruplex<br />
videotape machine which holds <strong>the</strong> tape as it is scanned<br />
by <strong>the</strong> video head tips. {D= ?; Es= canoa (aguja curvada<br />
para vídeocinta); F= guide (bande vidéo quadruplex)}.<br />
canon à électrons {F} * see electron gun {E}.<br />
capa anti-halo {Es} * see rem jet {E}.<br />
capa de emulsión {Es} * see emulsion layer {E}.<br />
capa de registro {Es} * see recording layer {E}.<br />
capa interna de transferencia {Es} * see interlayer transfer<br />
{E}.<br />
capa magnética {Es} * see coating {E}.<br />
capacidad {Es} * see output {E}.<br />
capacitance electronic disc (CED) {E} * One <strong>of</strong> two popular<br />
videodisc systems, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r being a LASER disc. The<br />
CED uses a needle in a groove <strong>to</strong> sense <strong>the</strong> picture.(35.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= disco electrónico capacitivo; F= disque à<br />
capacitance}.<br />
capas conductivas {Es} * see conductive coatings {E}.<br />
capas conductivas {Es} * see conductive coatings {E}.<br />
difrac<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see diffraction grating {E}.<br />
capot {F} * see <strong>to</strong>p plate {E}.<br />
capstan {E} * The spindle or shaft sometimes <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r<br />
shaft itself connected <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> a tape recorder that<br />
moves <strong>the</strong> tape at constant speed across <strong>the</strong> heads, or a<br />
film camera/projec<strong>to</strong>r that moves <strong>the</strong> film at constant<br />
speed past <strong>the</strong> lens.(04.16.) {D= Tonwelle; Es=<br />
cabrestante (de arrastre); eje mo<strong>to</strong>r (vídeo); F= cabestan}.<br />
capstan idler {E} * see pressure roller.<br />
cápsula (del <strong>to</strong>cadiscos) {Es} * see pickup cartridge {E}.<br />
cápsula (<strong>to</strong>cadiscos) {Es} * see head shell {E}.<br />
caption {E} * see subtitle.<br />
caption {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> encoding and decoding text<br />
on<strong>to</strong> a video display. {D= ?; Es= subtítulo; F= sous-titre}.<br />
39<br />
cap<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see pickup (1, 2) {E}.<br />
cara de entrada {Es} * see entry face {E}.<br />
caracter confidencial {Es} * see confidentiality {E}.<br />
carácter {Es} * see character {E}.<br />
carácter confidencial {Es} * see confidentiality {E}.<br />
característica de ponderación {Es} * see weighting<br />
characteristic {E}.<br />
características mecánicas {Es} * see mechanical<br />
specifications {E}.<br />
caractéristique (pho<strong>to</strong>) {F} * see d log h curve {E}.<br />
caractéristique de la luminance {F} * see gain inequality<br />
{E}.<br />
caracterización {Es} * see character {E}.<br />
caráter {Es} * see character {E}.<br />
carbon black {E} * An inert filler used 1) <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong><br />
basic resin in a disc sound recording compound from <strong>the</strong><br />
action <strong>of</strong> light by absorbing radiant energy, 2) as an antistatic<br />
element in back coatings for magnetic tape, and 3)<br />
as a colouring agent in archival containers for film and<br />
magnetic tape.(04.) {D= ?; Es= negro de humo; F=<br />
carbone noir; noir de carbone}.<br />
carbon tetrachloride {E} * A dangerous, <strong>to</strong>xic chemical<br />
used as a film and equipment cleaning agent.(10.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= tetracloruro de carbono; F= tétrachlorure de carbone}.<br />
carbon-arc lamps {E} * A lighting source which utilizes an<br />
ac or dc arc source in which <strong>the</strong> arc is formed in air<br />
between a pair <strong>of</strong> frequently carbon with additives<br />
electrodes.(10.) {D= Lampenkohle; Es= arco de carbón;<br />
F= charbon d'arc; projecteur à arc de carbone}.<br />
carbonate de magnésium .{F} * see magnesium<br />
bicarbonate .{E}.<br />
carbonate de magnésium {F} * see magnesium carbonate<br />
{E}.<br />
carbona<strong>to</strong> magnésico {Es} * see magnesium carbonate<br />
{E}.<br />
carga (electrostática) {Es} * see charge {E}.<br />
carga electrostática {Es} * see electrostatic charge {E}.<br />
carga máxima que puede soportar un suelo {Es} * see<br />
floor load {E}.<br />
cargador {Es} * see magazine {E;Es;F}.<br />
cargar (la película {Es} * see load {E}.<br />
cargar (la película; da<strong>to</strong>s) {Es} * see load {E}.<br />
cargas {Es} * see filler {E}.<br />
carpeta (discos fonográficos) {Es} * see sleeve {E}.<br />
carpeta {Es} * see slipcase {E}.<br />
carpetilla {Es} * see folder {E}.<br />
carret {Es} * see reel {E}.<br />
carrete {Es} * see reel (1); spool {E}.<br />
carrete abier<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see open reel {E}.
carrete con la cinta colocada {Es} * see feed reel {E}.<br />
carrier {E} * 1) The physical package (i.e., disc, film, paper)<br />
in or on which <strong>the</strong> audiovisual data or signal is fixed or<br />
recorded. 2) The RMS level in dB in a specified bandwidth<br />
signal centered at <strong>the</strong> fundamental (carrier frequency) <strong>of</strong><br />
a mono<strong>to</strong>ne recording. The input is a 50% duty cycle<br />
square waveform.(46.) {D= Träger; Es= soporte; portador;<br />
F= porteuse (onde)}.<br />
carrier-arm {E} * That part <strong>of</strong> a audio cylinder machine that<br />
traversed <strong>the</strong> cylinder and carried a reproducer or<br />
recorder.14. {D= ?; Es= brazo portador; F= mandrin<br />
(platine cylindres)}.<br />
carrier-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio (CNR) {D;E} * The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carrier<br />
magnitude <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> noise level <strong>of</strong> a signal, generally<br />
expressed in dB.(46.10.) {Es= relación portadora-ruido; F=<br />
rapport (amplitude onde) porteuse sur bruit}.<br />
carri<strong>to</strong> móvil portacámara {Es} * see dolly {E;Es}.<br />
carri<strong>to</strong> portacámara {Es} * see dolly {E;Es}.<br />
carta de concordancias {Es} * see concordance {E}.<br />
carta de la prueba neutra [o del neutro] {Es} * see neutral<br />
test card {E}.<br />
carta de linealidad {Es} * see ball chart {E}.<br />
carte à fenêtre (micr<strong>of</strong>ilm) {F} * see aperture card {E}.<br />
carte perforée {F} * see punched card {E}.<br />
carte test neutre {F} * see neutral test card {E}.<br />
cartel {Es} * see poster {E}.<br />
cartela {Es} * see target (1)(2) {E}.<br />
cartelera {Es} * see billboard {E}.<br />
car<strong>to</strong>n de montage {F} * see mount {E}.<br />
cartón de montaje {Es} * see mat board {E}.<br />
car<strong>to</strong>ns volants (titres) {F} * see flip cards {E}.<br />
car<strong>to</strong>uche {F} * see cartridge {E}.<br />
cartridge {E} * 1) A single core container (a double core<br />
container is called a cassette) enclosing audiovisual media<br />
(i.e., optical, grooved, or magnetic discs, tape, film) using,<br />
for tape/film media, a single-spool, endless-loop<br />
configuration. Used for insertion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium in<strong>to</strong><br />
recorders, readers, reader/printers and retrieval devices,<br />
<strong>the</strong> media requiring no threading or rewinding. Most audio<br />
tape cartridges contain two-channel, 8-track stereo<br />
programme material; q8 audio cartridges have a special<br />
coding slot that indicates four-channel, 8-track stereo<br />
recordings.(22.46.16.) 2) The holder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stylus which is<br />
used <strong>to</strong> play grooved recordings. Sometimes used<br />
interchangeably with <strong>the</strong> term pickup.(04.) {D= 1) Kassette;<br />
2) F= 1) chargeur; car<strong>to</strong>uche; 2) cellule (phonocaptrice); ;<br />
Tonebuehmersystem;Es= 1) cartuc}.<br />
cartucho {Es} * see cartridge {E}.<br />
cartulinas para mover de un tirón {Es} * see flip cards {E}.<br />
casa produc<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see production company {E}.<br />
cascada {Es} * see cascade {E}.<br />
cascade (tirage film) {F} * see cascade {E}.<br />
cascade {E} * A film processing method by which chemical<br />
40<br />
solutions and wash water, particularly <strong>the</strong> latter are applied<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film in a continuous processing machine in <strong>the</strong> form<br />
<strong>of</strong> jets <strong>of</strong> liquid which run down <strong>the</strong> film strands from <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m under gravity, ra<strong>the</strong>r than by immersion<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film under <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> solution in a deep tank.<br />
{D= ?; Es= cascada; F= cascade (tirage film)}.<br />
case {E} * 1) A designation <strong>of</strong> archival or library materials<br />
which indicates that <strong>the</strong>y are ei<strong>the</strong>r restricted, rare, or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rwise. 2) A piece <strong>of</strong> furniture <strong>to</strong> hold materials, as a<br />
book case. 3) A container for a single item, as a slip case<br />
for a set <strong>of</strong> records. {D= ?; Es= 1) designación de<br />
materiales bibliográficos; 2) estantería; 3) estuche; F=<br />
boîtier; étagère}.<br />
casemate {F} * see cabinet; vault {E}.<br />
casete {Es} * see cassette {E;F}.<br />
casete compacta {Es} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.<br />
casette {Es} * see cassette {E;F}.<br />
casier casemate (film nitrate) {F} * see cabinet {E}.<br />
casier de rangement {F} * see bin {E}.<br />
casque {F} * see headphones {E}.<br />
casques son de studio {F} * see can {E}.<br />
cassant {F} * see brittle {E}.<br />
cassette {E;F} * An enclosed two hub, core, or reel<br />
container (a single core container is called a cartridge)<br />
enclosing film/tape/wire media with each end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
contained media being attached <strong>to</strong> one or <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hub,<br />
core, or reel. Common forms <strong>to</strong>day are <strong>the</strong> compact audio<br />
cassette (introduced in 1964), <strong>the</strong> audio elcaset, <strong>the</strong> audio<br />
mini-cassette, <strong>the</strong> audio macro-cassette, and video<br />
cassettes (introduced in <strong>the</strong> 1970s); see also cartridge.<br />
{D= Kassette; Es= casete; casette}.<br />
cassette {F} * see also magazine {E;Es;F}.<br />
cassette compacte {F} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.<br />
cassette tape {E} * see cassette {E;F}.<br />
cast {E} * A collective term for ac<strong>to</strong>rs and <strong>the</strong>ir roles.<br />
Names <strong>of</strong> ac<strong>to</strong>rs may be preceded by such terms as<br />
starring, co-starring, also starring, introducing, etc. A broad<br />
distinction is made between cast and credits by defining<br />
cast as those in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera, or performers in a<br />
musical production, and credits as those behind <strong>the</strong><br />
camera; see also talent.(12.) {D= Darstellung;<br />
Darstellungbesetzung; Es= interpretación; repar<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
interprétation; générique; distribution; interprètes}.<br />
cat. no. {E} * abbreviation for catalogue number.<br />
catadioptric lens {E} * A long focal length camera lens that<br />
uses mirrors and reflective and refractive elements <strong>to</strong><br />
shorten <strong>the</strong> light path <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens.10. {D= ?; Es= objetivo<br />
catadipótrico; F= filtre catadioptrique}.<br />
catalog {E/US} * see catalogue {E}.<br />
catalogación {Es} * see cataloguing {E}.<br />
catalogage {F} * see processing {E}.<br />
catalogar {Es} * see catalogue {E;F}.<br />
catálogo {Es} * see catalogue {E;F}.<br />
catalogue {E;F} * 1) A finding aid describing individual<br />
documents <strong>of</strong> a specific type or brought <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r for a<br />
specific purpose.(22.23.) 2) A descriptive list <strong>of</strong> materials
contained in a collection arranged according <strong>to</strong> some<br />
definite plan, e.g., by title. 3) The act <strong>of</strong> creating such a<br />
listing.(12.) {D= 1 & 2) Katalog; 3) katalogisieren; Es=<br />
catálogo; catalogar}.<br />
catalogue d'édition discographique {F} * see body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
entry {E}.<br />
catalogue level {E} * A distinction made between <strong>the</strong><br />
various levels <strong>of</strong> bibliographic data, consistency, and<br />
accuracy that may be provided in cataloguing records.<br />
AACR2 identifies three levels. They are, with <strong>the</strong><br />
recommended punctuation <strong>to</strong> be included within <strong>the</strong><br />
citation, 1st level <strong>of</strong> description should include at least: title<br />
proper / <strong>the</strong> first statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility if it is different<br />
from <strong>the</strong> main entry heading in form or number or if <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is no main entry heading. Edition stdetails. First publisher,<br />
etc., date <strong>of</strong> publication, etc. Extent <strong>of</strong> item. Note(s).<br />
Standard number. 2d level <strong>of</strong> description should include at<br />
least: Title proper {general material designation}= Parallel<br />
title : o<strong>the</strong>r title information / first statement <strong>of</strong><br />
responsibility; each subsequent statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility.<br />
Edition statement / first statement <strong>of</strong> edition responsibility.<br />
Material (or type <strong>of</strong> publication) specific details. First place<br />
<strong>of</strong> publication, etc. : first publisher, etc., date <strong>of</strong> publication,<br />
etc. Extent <strong>of</strong> item : o<strong>the</strong>r physical details; dimensions.<br />
(Title proper <strong>of</strong> series / statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility relating<br />
<strong>to</strong> series, ISSN <strong>of</strong> series; numbering within series. Title <strong>of</strong><br />
subseries, ISSN <strong>of</strong> subseries; numbering within subseries).<br />
Noteast: All elements set out in AACR2 applicable <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
item being described. In addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> AACR2's three<br />
levels, audiovisual libraries and archives have tended <strong>to</strong><br />
prescribe two additional levels: a preliminary or inven<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
level, consisting only <strong>of</strong> very brief data, including at least<br />
in level 1 Title proper. Place <strong>of</strong> origin, date <strong>of</strong> origin. Extent<br />
<strong>of</strong> item(s). Location. Provenance and, level 2 being a<br />
collection level record, tending generally <strong>to</strong> include<br />
Collection name (i.e., Title proper <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Collection) / first<br />
statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility; each subsequent statement <strong>of</strong><br />
responsibility. Place/s <strong>of</strong> origin, date/s <strong>of</strong> origin. extent <strong>of</strong><br />
collection : o<strong>the</strong>r physical details; dimensions. Location.<br />
Provenance. Contents and/or summary notes. O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
note(s).<br />
catalogue number (cat. no.) {E} * The numerical identifier<br />
<strong>of</strong> a particular item; also known as s<strong>to</strong>ck number; also<br />
known as issue number. {D= Katalognummer; Signatur;<br />
Es= número de catálogo; F= numéro de catalogue}.<br />
cataloguer {F} * see cataloguing {E}ion <strong>of</strong> a catalogue; see<br />
also archival cataloguing; inven<strong>to</strong>ry; list; minimal<br />
cataloguing; preliminary cataloguing; serial cataloguing.<br />
{D= katalogisieren; Es= catalogación; F= cataloguer; F=<br />
cataloguer}.<br />
cataloguing agency {E} * The organization or institution<br />
responsible for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> a catalogue.12. {D= ?; Es=<br />
agencia de catalogación; F= agence catalogue}.<br />
categoría de una copia {Es} * see copy status (generation)<br />
{E}.<br />
categoría de una generación {Es} * see copy status<br />
(generation) {E}.<br />
catégorie générale de matériel {F} * see general material<br />
designa<strong>to</strong>r (GMD) {E}.<br />
cathode follower {E;F} * The type <strong>of</strong> electronic circuit used<br />
in an output stage <strong>of</strong> a recorder <strong>to</strong> permit <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> longer<br />
interconnecting cables without <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> high frequency.<br />
Usually not necessary in a normal installation.50. {D= ?;<br />
Es= seguidor catódico; F= ?}.<br />
cathode-ray tube (CRT) {E} * 1) A vacuum tube in which<br />
electrons from a cathode are directed <strong>to</strong> a luminescent<br />
screen that glows in direct proportion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
light. 2) A video display device.(10.) {D= Kathodenstrahl-<br />
41<br />
Röhre; Es= tubo de rayos catódicos; dispositivo para la<br />
visualización de vídeo; F= tube à rayons cathodiques; tube<br />
cathodique}.<br />
ca<strong>to</strong>ptric system {E} * In still and/or moving-image media,<br />
an all reflecting lens system free <strong>of</strong> chromatic aberration;<br />
see chromatic aberration; catadioptric lens. {D= ?; Es=<br />
sistema cataóptrico; F= catadioptric system; système<br />
catadioptrique}.<br />
CATV {E;F} * acronym for cable antenna television system.<br />
{D= ?; Es= acrónimo de Televisión con Antena Colectiva;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
CAV {E} * acronym for constant angular velocity {E}.<br />
caverneux {F} * see boomy {E}.<br />
CC {E} * acronym for 1) colour compensating; 2) compact<br />
cassette.<br />
CCD {E} * acronym for charge coupled device {Es=<br />
acrónimo de Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada; F= DTC<br />
(capteurs à transfert de charges)}.<br />
CCITT {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for International Telegraph<br />
and Telephone Consultative Committee.<br />
CCTV {E;F} * acronym for closed circuit television. {D= ?;<br />
Es= acrónimo de Televisión de Circui<strong>to</strong> Cerrado; F=<br />
télévision en circuit fermé}.<br />
CD {E} * abbreviation for candela; acronym for compact<br />
disc.<br />
CD+G {E} * acronym for compact disc+graphics.<br />
CD+MIDI {E} * acronym for compact disc+midi.<br />
CD-DA {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-digital audio.<br />
CD-I {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-interactive.<br />
CD-IX {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-interactiveextended.<br />
CD-PROM {E;Es} * acronym for compact discprogrammable<br />
read only memory.<br />
CD-R {E} * acronym for compact disc-recordable.<br />
CD-ROM {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-read only<br />
memory.<br />
CD-ROM XA {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-read only<br />
memory extended architecture.<br />
CD-RTOS {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-real -time<br />
operating system.<br />
CD-simple {F} * see CD-single {E}.<br />
CD-single {E} * A CD audio recording <strong>of</strong> a single, usually<br />
popular, music selection. {D= ?; Es= disco sencillo en CD;<br />
F= CD-simple}.<br />
CD-V {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-video.<br />
CD-WO {E} * acronym for compact disc-write -once.<br />
CD-WORM {E} * acronym for compact disc-writeonce/read<br />
many.<br />
CD3 {E} * acronym for compact disc3.<br />
cebo eléctrico {Es} * see squib {E}.<br />
CED {E} * acronym for capacitance electronic disc.
cédérom {F} * see compact disc-read only memory (CD-<br />
ROM) {D;E}.<br />
cédérom-XA {F} * see compact disc-read only memory<br />
extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) {D;E}.<br />
cel {E} * A transparent sheet <strong>of</strong> cellulose ace-tate or similar<br />
plastic serving as a support or overlay for drawings, lettering,<br />
etc, in animation and title work.09. {D= Zelle; Es=<br />
célula; hoja transparente de plástico; F= *cellule or cellulo;<br />
cellulos}.<br />
cellule .{F}. see exposure meter .{E}.<br />
cellule (phonocaptrice) {F} * see cartridge {E}.<br />
cellule {F} * see exposure meter; pickup cartridge {E}.<br />
cellule phonocaptrice {F} * see pickup {E}.<br />
cellule pho<strong>to</strong>électrique {F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>cell {E}.<br />
celluloid {E;F} * l) A flammable, flexible, transparent<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmoplastic material made <strong>of</strong> cellulose nitrate and<br />
camphor or o<strong>the</strong>r plasticiz-er. 2) Slang for motion pictures,<br />
or for <strong>the</strong> base material or support for <strong>the</strong> layers <strong>of</strong> film<br />
emulsion; see cellulose acetate; cellulose diacetate;<br />
cellulose nitrate; cellulose triacetate; polyester. 3) The<br />
transparent sheets on which <strong>the</strong> component drawings <strong>of</strong><br />
an animated motion picture film are prepared. 4) One <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> materials used in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> mass produced<br />
cylinder recordings, usually backed with some material,<br />
such as Plaster <strong>of</strong> Paris. {D= Zelluloid; Es= 1) celuloide; 2)<br />
películas (jerga); soporte; 3) láminas transparentes; 4)<br />
material cilíndrico para grabaciones; F= côte support;<br />
celluloïd; nitrate de cellulose}<br />
celluloïd {F} * see celluloid {E;F}.<br />
cellulos {F} * see cel {E}.<br />
cellulose {E;F} * A complex polymeric carbohydrate,<br />
having <strong>the</strong> same composition as starch, i.e., 44.4%<br />
carbon, 16.2% hydrogen, and 39.4% oxygen; <strong>the</strong> chief<br />
component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cell walls <strong>of</strong> plants, wood, etc.07. {D=<br />
Zellulose; Es= celulosa; F= celluleux}.<br />
cellulose acetate {E} * 1) Any <strong>of</strong> several clear, hard, and<br />
glossy esters produced by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> acetic acid and<br />
sulphuric acid on cellulose; a hygroscopic material; <strong>the</strong><br />
most fungal resistant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cellulosics. Used in 2) heat<br />
sealing lamination, 3) as a safety film and magnetic tape<br />
base, and 4) as a coating on direct-cut lacquer discs.<br />
Although generally acknowledged as being <strong>the</strong> best base<br />
for magnetic recording medium for many years, it is an<br />
unstable medium with a limited s<strong>to</strong>rage life and has been<br />
replaced by polyester; see also cellulose diacetate;<br />
cellulose nitrate; cellulose triacetate; ester; safety film.(44.)<br />
{D= Zelluloseazetat; Zelluloseazetatfolie; Es= 1) aceta<strong>to</strong><br />
de celulosa; 2) sellado con aceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa empleando<br />
calor; 3) película de seguridad; 4) revestimien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
acétate de cellulose; feuille d'acétate de cellulose}.<br />
cellulose alpha {F} * see alpha-cellulose {E}.<br />
cellulose diacetate {E} * 1) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clear, hard, glossy,<br />
and slow-burning esters produced by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> acetic<br />
acid and sulphuric acid on cellulose. 2) Used as a safety<br />
film base; is less flammable than cellulose nitrate, but not<br />
as stable as cellulose triacetate or polyester. {D= ?; Es=<br />
diaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa; F= feuille diacetate de cellulose;<br />
diacetate de cellulose}.<br />
cellulose nitrate {E} * 1) Any <strong>of</strong> several flammable solid<br />
esters obtained as <strong>the</strong> nitration <strong>of</strong> cellulose with a mixture<br />
<strong>of</strong> nitric and sulphuric acids. 2) The first <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> modern<br />
plastics which replaced cellulose acetate as a disc ore<br />
cylinder recording medium. 3) Once used widely (up until<br />
42<br />
1951) as a base for still and motion picture film; because<br />
it is particularly unstable and highly flammable it has been<br />
replaced by safety base films, such as cellulose diacetate,<br />
cellulose triacetate, and polyester. The terms cellulose<br />
nitrate film or nitrate film are preferable <strong>to</strong> nitrate cellulose;<br />
however, for practical purposes, <strong>the</strong> terms are<br />
synonymous.(01.04.40.34.) {D= Zellulosenitrat; Nitratfilm;<br />
Es= 1) nitra<strong>to</strong> de celulosa; 2) sustitu<strong>to</strong> del aceta<strong>to</strong> de<br />
celulosa para grabaciones cilíndricas; 3) película de<br />
nitra<strong>to</strong>; F= film nitrate; film au nitrate; film flamme; nitrate<br />
de cellulose}.<br />
cellulose triacetate {E} * 1) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clear, hard, glossy,<br />
and slow-burning esters produced by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> acetic<br />
acid and sulphuric acid on cellulose. 2) Used as a safety<br />
film base for motion picture film which is less flammable<br />
than cellulose nitrate and more dimensionally stable than<br />
cellulose diacetate; frequently used, also, in sheet form, for<br />
overlay cels.(09.) 3) Used as a magnetic tape base until<br />
<strong>the</strong> late 1950s, early 1960s, when it was replaced by<br />
polyester.(01.) {D= ?; Es= 1) triaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa; 2 y 3)<br />
película de seguridad realizada con triaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa;<br />
F= feuille triacétate cellulose; triacétate de cellulose;<br />
support non flam}.<br />
célula {Es} * see cel {E}.<br />
célula fo<strong>to</strong>eléctrica {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>cell {E}.<br />
célula kinescópica {Es} * see kino-eye {E}.<br />
celuloide {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.<br />
celulosa {Es} * see cellulose {E;F}.<br />
cemented splice {E} * see lap splice.<br />
centelleo {Es} * see blink; flickering {E}.<br />
centelleo {Es} * see flickering {E}.<br />
centi- (C) {D;E;Es;F} * Prefix for one hun-dred.(39.)<br />
centrado del disco {Es} * see centring <strong>of</strong> disc (1) {E}.<br />
centrage du disque {F} * see centring <strong>of</strong> disc {E}.<br />
central processing unit {E} * The unit <strong>of</strong> a computing<br />
system that controls and coordinates <strong>the</strong> circuits<br />
containing <strong>the</strong> math, logic, and control units.(10.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= unidad central central de procesado; F= unité<br />
centrale}.<br />
centre (du disc) {F} * see centre (<strong>of</strong> disc) {E}.<br />
centre (<strong>of</strong> disc) {E} * That part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> a disc<br />
recording circumscribed by <strong>the</strong> inmost part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> playing<br />
area and, when <strong>the</strong>re is a label present, can be fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
defined as inside margin and label.04. {D= ?; Es= centro<br />
(del disco); F= centre (du disc); centre de disc}.<br />
centre de distribution {F} * see Television Operation Center<br />
(TOC) {E}.<br />
centre start disc (CS) {E} * 1) A disc recording which starts<br />
its playing at <strong>the</strong> centre, ra<strong>the</strong>r than at <strong>the</strong> outside edge. 2)<br />
A disc recording which requires <strong>the</strong> pickup and stylus <strong>to</strong><br />
move from <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc outward (having <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> its modulated groove at <strong>the</strong> outer edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
inside margin).(04.) {D= Innenstart; Es= disco reproducido<br />
desde el centro hacia afuera; F= disque à départ central}.<br />
centring <strong>of</strong> disc {E} * 1) The act <strong>of</strong> placing a disc on a<br />
turntable and lining up <strong>the</strong> centre hole with <strong>the</strong> central pin<br />
on <strong>the</strong> turntable. 2) The accuracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
centre hole in a disc, reel, or hub. 3) The act in <strong>the</strong><br />
manufacturing process for discs (during which <strong>the</strong> centre<br />
hole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> master is lost) in which a new centre hole is<br />
located for <strong>the</strong> finished pressings.(04.) {D= Zentrieren; Es=
1) centrado del disco; 2) precisión de la posición del<br />
orificio; 3) la realización del orificio; F= centrage du<br />
disque}.<br />
centro (del disco) {Es} * see centre (<strong>of</strong> disc) {E}.<br />
centro de proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see data archive {E}.<br />
centro operativo de televisión {Es} * see Television<br />
Operation Center (TOC) {E}.<br />
ceramic microphone {E} * An inexpensive pressure type<br />
piezoelectric microphone supplied with many tape<br />
recorders. It employs a ceramic element <strong>to</strong> convert sound<br />
<strong>to</strong> electrical energy, is more rugged, more resistant <strong>to</strong><br />
temperature and humidity extremes, but requires more<br />
amplifier gain than comparable crystal types.(16.) {D=<br />
Kristallmikrophon; Es= micrófono cerámico; F=<br />
microphone céramique}.<br />
cerrado herméticamente {Es} * see hermetically sealed<br />
{E}.<br />
certificador {Es} * see certifier {E}.<br />
certified tape {E} * Magnetic tape that is electrically tested<br />
on a specified number <strong>of</strong> tracks and is certified by <strong>the</strong><br />
supplier <strong>to</strong> have less than a specified <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong><br />
permanent errors.(46.) {D= ?; Es= cinta certificada; F=<br />
bande certifiée}.<br />
certifier {E} * Equipment that evaluates <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape <strong>to</strong> record and reproduce. The equipment<br />
normally counts and charts each error on <strong>the</strong> tape,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> level and duration <strong>of</strong> drop outs; see also<br />
evalua<strong>to</strong>r.(46.) {D= ?; Es= certificador; F= certificateur;<br />
certifieur}.<br />
certifieur {F} * see certifier {E}.<br />
cession {F} * see deaccession {E}.<br />
cession {F} * see Deacidification (neutralization) {E}.<br />
CGS {E} * acronym for centimetre gram second.<br />
chaîne vidéo {F} * see camera chain {E}.<br />
chalk drawing {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> pic<strong>to</strong>rial artwork made <strong>of</strong><br />
chalk.(24.) {D= Kreidezeichnung; Es= dibujo a tiza blanca;<br />
F= pastel (craie); pastel de dessin}.<br />
chambre noire {F} * see darkroom {E}.<br />
champ (doc) .{F}. see field .{E}.<br />
champ (doc) {F} * see field {E}.<br />
champ {F} * see over-<strong>the</strong>-shoulder shot {E}.<br />
champ coercitif {F} * see coercivity {E}.<br />
champ de données auxiliaires {F} * see auxiliary data field<br />
{E}.<br />
champ de données d'un secteur {F} * see data field <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
champignons {F} * see fungi {E}.<br />
champs électromagnetique {F} * see field {E}.<br />
change-over {E} * In <strong>the</strong>atrical moving-image projection,<br />
<strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> switching from a reel <strong>of</strong> motion picture film<br />
being projected <strong>to</strong> a reel <strong>of</strong> film that follows without<br />
interruption in picture continuity. {D= Passage; Es= paso<br />
o empalme au<strong>to</strong>mático; F= changement; passage;<br />
changement de bobine; enchaînement}.<br />
43<br />
change-over cue {E} * Small spot or o<strong>the</strong>r mark in <strong>to</strong>p right<br />
hand corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frame <strong>of</strong> sequential reels <strong>of</strong> a motion<br />
picture film which signals <strong>the</strong> projec-tionist <strong>to</strong> switch from<br />
one projec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.30. {D= Stanze; Es= marca de<br />
paso; F= changeur d'indication; marque de passage;<br />
repère de changement de bobine; repère<br />
d'enchaînement}.<br />
changement de bobine {F} * see change-over {E}.<br />
changement de densité {F} * see density change; density<br />
range {E}.<br />
changer {E} * see record changer.<br />
changeur de disc {F} * see record changer {E}.<br />
channel {E} * 1) A signal path for recording and/or<br />
reproducing an audio or video signal. 2) The independent<br />
tracks <strong>of</strong> a recording medium. For stereo sound, for<br />
instance, a separate left and right channel <strong>of</strong> informa-tion<br />
must be supplied.(04.) {D= Kanal; Eingang am Mischpult;<br />
Eingang; Tonkanal; Es= 1) canal sonoro; canal; 2) las<br />
pistas para el registrador [grabador]; F= canal; voie;<br />
couloir; canal sonore; chaîne sonore}.<br />
channel separation {E} * The degree or extent <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong><br />
signals on one channel are not picked up by an adjacent<br />
channel; electrical isolation. Good channel separation<br />
implies very little leakage, or crosstalk, <strong>of</strong> signal from one<br />
channel <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.(04.07.) {D= Kanaltrennung; Es=<br />
separación de [entre] canales; F= séparation des voies}.<br />
character {E} * 1) A letter, digit or o<strong>the</strong>r symbol used in <strong>the</strong><br />
representation <strong>of</strong> data.22.23. 2) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> persons in a<br />
dramatization (a drama, musical play, radio or television<br />
play, a moving-image production, etc.) {D= Zeichen; Es=<br />
papel; parte; caracterización; caráter; F= caractère;<br />
personnage; rôle de composisition}.<br />
characteristic curve {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a graph relating<br />
<strong>the</strong> response between film density and exposure; also<br />
called <strong>the</strong> D log E curve, and <strong>the</strong> H and D curve.(09.10.)<br />
{D= Schneidkennlinien-ntzerrung; Es= curva característica;<br />
F= courbe sensi<strong>to</strong>métrique; courbe caractéristique}.<br />
charcoal drawing {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> pic<strong>to</strong>rial artwork made in<br />
black or shades <strong>of</strong> black with a stick <strong>of</strong> charred wood<br />
usually on a white, s<strong>of</strong>t paper with a rough surface.24. {D=<br />
Kohlezeichnung; Es= dibujo al carboncillo; F= dessin au<br />
fusain}.<br />
charge (électrostatique) {F} * see charge {E}.<br />
charge {E} * The quantity <strong>of</strong> electricity in a body.39. {D=<br />
Ladung; Es= carga (electrostática); F= charge<br />
(électrostatique)}.<br />
charge {F} * see filler {E}.<br />
charge {F} * see filler {E}.<br />
charge au sol {F} * see floor load {E}.<br />
charge coupled device (CCD) {D;E} * A semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r<br />
image detec<strong>to</strong>r designed <strong>to</strong> replace a television camera<br />
tube.10. Video solid state transducers which replaced<br />
camera pickup tubes. {Es= acrónimo de Dispositivo de<br />
Carga Acoplada (semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r); F= dispositif à transfert<br />
de charge (DTC)}.<br />
charge d'une tablette {F} * see shelf load {E}.<br />
charge de rupture {F} * see breaking strength {E}.<br />
charge de rupture à la traction {F} * see ultimate tensile<br />
strength {E}.
charge électrostatique {F} * see electrostatic charge {E}.<br />
charge en poudre d'oxyde {F} * see oxide loading {E}.<br />
Charge {D} * see batch {E}.<br />
chargement {F} * see load {E}.<br />
chargeur {F} * see magazine {E;Es;F}.<br />
charte d'étalonnage {F} * see ball chart; china girl {E}.<br />
charte de couleurs {F} * see colour bars {E}.<br />
charte de gris {F} * see grating signal; grey scale {E}.<br />
charte de linéarité {F} * see linearity chart {E}.<br />
charte de réflectance {F} * see linear reflectance chart {E}.<br />
charte de test de résolution {F} * see resolution test chart<br />
{E}.<br />
charte des gris {F} * see gray scale {E}.<br />
charte lumineuse de diapositives (défauts lumineux) {F} *<br />
see light damage slide rule {E}.<br />
chase {E} * A video production technique in which <strong>the</strong> play<br />
machine au<strong>to</strong>matically switches from play mode back <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> cue mode, allowing <strong>the</strong> slave transport <strong>to</strong> chase <strong>the</strong><br />
master whenever it is rewound and resync <strong>to</strong> it when it is<br />
again put in<strong>to</strong> play. {D= ?; Es= perseguir; F= poursuite}.<br />
chasis (óptica) {Es} * see sled {E}.<br />
chasis {Es} * see magazine (1) {E;Es;F}.<br />
chasquido {Es} * see click {E;Es}.<br />
chassis {E} * The metal base or frame which carries <strong>the</strong><br />
electrical or mechanical assemblies <strong>of</strong> equipment.(49.) {D=<br />
Chassis; Es= armazón; bastidor; marco; F= châssis}.<br />
chassis {F} * see rack {E}.<br />
chassis mobile {F} * see float {E}.<br />
chassis plat {F} * see flat {E}.<br />
Chassis {D} * see chassis {E}.<br />
châssis {F} * see chassis {E}.<br />
châssis double (pho<strong>to</strong>) {F} * see bipack {E}.<br />
chatter {E} * 1) An erratic spotted pattern in grooved,<br />
analogue recordings with short alternate light and dark<br />
strips, caused ei<strong>the</strong>r by a poor cutting stylus or by one set<br />
at a wrong angle. Too deep a cut in a thin disc coating may<br />
also produce a similar effect, which is most likely trtion<br />
caused by <strong>the</strong> vibration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stylus in a groove.(04.) {D=<br />
?; Es= trepidación; vibración; crepitación; F= claquement;<br />
murmure; broutage}.<br />
Chebyshev filter {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> screen used in digital<br />
design which can provide a steep filter characteristic.39.<br />
{D= ?; Es= filtro Chebyshev; F= filtre de Tchebychev}.<br />
checklist {E} * A list, usually for an individual accession,<br />
prepared for purposes <strong>of</strong> identification and control.(22.23.)<br />
{D= Prüfliste; Kontrolliste; Es= inventario somero; relación<br />
de transferencia; inventario de transferencia; relación de<br />
entrega; inventario de entrega; F= liste de contrôle;<br />
bordereau}.<br />
checkprint {E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> a motion picture film made by a<br />
44<br />
lab for testing and evaluation. {D= Musterkopie; Testkopie;<br />
erste Kopie; Es= primera copia; F= copies étalon; copie O;<br />
première copie}.<br />
checksum {E} * In compact disc technology, <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong><br />
redun-dant data for error detection.39. {D= ?; Es= control<br />
de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= données de contrôle; somme de vérification}.<br />
chef décorateur {F} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
chef monteur {F} * see edi<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
chemical stability {E} * A phrase used <strong>to</strong> describe an item<br />
that is not easily decomposed or o<strong>the</strong>rwise modified<br />
chemically. This is a desirable characteristic for materials<br />
used in preservation, since it suggests an ability <strong>to</strong> resist<br />
chemical degradation (such as embrittlement <strong>of</strong> paper)<br />
over time and/or upon <strong>to</strong> various conditions during use or<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage. O<strong>the</strong>r terms used loosely as synonyms: inert,<br />
stable, chemically inert.(17.) {D= chemische Stabilität; Es=<br />
estabilidad química; F= stabilité chimique}.<br />
chemische Stabilität {D} * see chemical stability {E}.<br />
chemise {F} * see folder; jacket; portfolio (PF) {E}.<br />
chemise de protection {F} * see dust jacket {E}.<br />
chequerboarding {E} * see a and b wind printing.<br />
chercheur {F} * see reader; user {E}.<br />
chevauchement {F} * see overlap sound {E}.<br />
chica del script {Es} * see script girl {D;E;F}.<br />
chicken tracks {E} * In magnetic tape recording equipment,<br />
a line <strong>of</strong> small craters in <strong>the</strong> head surface running in <strong>the</strong><br />
direction <strong>of</strong> tape motion, usually caused by a loose, small<br />
hard particle moving with <strong>the</strong> tape over <strong>the</strong> head.(46.) {D=<br />
?; Es= literalmente, huellas de pollo (defec<strong>to</strong> de la cabeza<br />
magnética); F= déformation de tête magnétique (en<br />
"traces de poulet")}.<br />
chief source <strong>of</strong> information {E} * A cataloguing term<br />
referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> explicitly preferred source <strong>of</strong> information<br />
that is <strong>to</strong> be used in creating <strong>the</strong> cataloguing record for <strong>the</strong><br />
item being cataloged. For disc recordings, as an example,<br />
<strong>the</strong> chief source <strong>of</strong> information would be <strong>the</strong> disc and its<br />
label as opposed <strong>to</strong> information ga<strong>the</strong>red from <strong>the</strong> disc's<br />
packaging (slipcase or sleeve). Most established<br />
cataloguing procedures indicate a priority <strong>to</strong> be utilized in<br />
taking information from o<strong>the</strong>r than what <strong>the</strong>y define as <strong>the</strong><br />
chief source <strong>of</strong> information. Generally, <strong>the</strong> chief source <strong>of</strong><br />
information for items with labels directly applied or<br />
attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m is <strong>the</strong> label; moving-image materials <strong>the</strong><br />
chief source <strong>of</strong> information is <strong>the</strong> information frames within<br />
<strong>the</strong> film/video. If <strong>the</strong>re is no such applied or attached label<br />
or information frame/s <strong>the</strong> preferred alternate sources, in<br />
sequence <strong>of</strong> general acceptance, <strong>the</strong> container (sleeve,<br />
box, etc.), accompanying textual information (liner notes,<br />
etc.), and data taken directly from <strong>the</strong> item being<br />
documented.(04.) {D= ?; Es= fuente principal de<br />
información; F= source première d'informations}.<br />
chiffre binaire {F} * see binary digit (BIT) {E}.<br />
chillido {Es} * see squeal; stick-slip {E}.<br />
chillido de la cinta {Es} * see tape squeal {E}.<br />
china girl {E} * A picture <strong>of</strong> a girl's face used for checking<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic/video colour and/or alignment. {D= ?; Es=<br />
literalmente, muchacha de china (retra<strong>to</strong> usado para<br />
comprobar el color y la alineación de vídeo); F= charte<br />
d'étalonnage}.<br />
chip {E} * 1) Commonly used term <strong>to</strong> describe a defect in
disc or cylinder recordings referring <strong>to</strong> a small missing<br />
piece from <strong>the</strong> edge or rim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording, not <strong>to</strong> be<br />
confused with dig or gouge, which refer <strong>to</strong> a pit or small<br />
break in <strong>the</strong> horizontal surface fur<strong>the</strong>r in from <strong>the</strong> rim.(04.)<br />
2) A monochrome test pattern for television alignment.10.<br />
3) The material removed from a grooved recording<br />
medium by <strong>the</strong> cutting stylus while it cuts a groove; also<br />
called swarf. 4) The material that is removed from <strong>the</strong><br />
surface <strong>of</strong> a recorded wax cylinder when it was shaved <strong>to</strong><br />
prepare it for accepting ano<strong>the</strong>r recording; better known as<br />
swarf.(10.) 4) In computer parlance, an integrated circuit.<br />
{D= 1) ?; 2) ?; 3) Span; 4) Chip; Es= viruta; lasca; F= puce;<br />
copeau; rognure}.<br />
chip brush {E} * A device provided with many early audio<br />
cylinder machines for cleaning <strong>the</strong> chips and swarf from<br />
<strong>the</strong> machine after ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> recording or shaving<br />
operations.(14.) {D= ?; Es= brocha para virutas; F= brosse<br />
à copeaux}.<br />
Chip {D} * see chip {E}.<br />
chloride film {E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film and paper sensitized<br />
with an emulsion <strong>of</strong> silver chloride, used mainly for contact<br />
copying.01. {D= ?; Es= película al cloruro; F= film<br />
chlorure}.<br />
chlorure ammonium {F} * see ammonium chloride {E}.<br />
chlorure de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl chloride<br />
(polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) {E}.<br />
chroma {E} * The colour part <strong>of</strong> a video signal; see also<br />
luminance.(35.) {D= ?; Es= croma (nivel de color); F=<br />
chrominance}.<br />
chroma key {E} * A feature <strong>of</strong> some video production<br />
switchers allowing two or more video sources <strong>to</strong> be<br />
combined. The switcher is capable <strong>of</strong> sensing <strong>the</strong> colour or<br />
chroma in one picture and replacing it with picture<br />
information from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r source. {D= ?; Es= llave croma;<br />
F= incrustation sur fond bleu; chromaclé}.<br />
chromaclé {F} * see chroma key {E}.<br />
chromatic aberration {E} * In optics, a fault or imperfection<br />
in a double convex lens made from a single piece <strong>of</strong> glass.<br />
Each colour has its own characteristic wavelength and<br />
comes <strong>to</strong> a focus at a different point. filming through<br />
lenses with this type <strong>of</strong> aberration produces colour fringing<br />
or an overlapping <strong>of</strong> colour in <strong>the</strong> resultant print; see<br />
spherical aberration; achromatic lens. {D= ?; Es=<br />
aberración cromática; F= aberration chromatique}.<br />
chromaticité {F} * see chromaticity {E}.<br />
chromaticity {E} * The colour quality <strong>of</strong> light that is defined<br />
by its hue and saturation. Chromaticity defines all <strong>the</strong><br />
qualities <strong>of</strong> colour except its brightness. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cromatismo; cromaticidad; F= chromaticité}.<br />
Chromdioxid {D} * see chromium dioxide {E}.<br />
chrome alum {E} * An astringent compound used by film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries in fixing baths. Dissolving readily in water, <strong>the</strong><br />
violet crystals form a purple solution which turns green<br />
when heated. {D= ?; Es= alumbre de cromo; F= chrome<br />
d'alum}.<br />
chrome d'alum {F} * see chrome alum {E}.<br />
chrome tape {E} * see chromium dioxide.<br />
chrominance {E;F} * The pure colour information <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
signal without <strong>the</strong> monochrome luminance signal. {D= ?;<br />
Es= crominancia}.<br />
chrominance {E} * The colour information in a colour<br />
electronic image.39. {D= Chrominanz; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
45<br />
chrominance {F} * see also chroma {E}.<br />
chrominance signal {E} * The I and Q sidebands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
colour subcarrier in a colour signal. It carries information<br />
relative <strong>to</strong> hue and saturation <strong>of</strong> colours but none relative<br />
<strong>to</strong> brightness. {D= ?; Es= señal de crominancia; F= signal<br />
de chrominance}.<br />
Chrominanz {D} * see chrominance {E}.<br />
chromium dioxide {E} * A compound <strong>of</strong> magnetic particle<br />
oxide used as a coating on some magnetic tape,<br />
especially cassette tape. Such tape has better signal-<strong>to</strong>noise<br />
ratio and response <strong>to</strong> short wavelengths at lower<br />
speeds than iron oxide tapes. Used for audio, video, and<br />
computer tapes.(04.) {D= Chromdioxid; Es= dióxido de<br />
cromo; F= dioxyde de chrome}.<br />
chron file {E} * see chronological file.<br />
chrono {E;F} * see chronological file {E}.<br />
chronological file {E} * A file containing copies <strong>of</strong><br />
documents arranged in sequential date order; also called<br />
chron file, chrono, day file, or reading file, and, in Canada,<br />
continuity file.22. {D= Auslaufserie; Durchschlagserie; Es=<br />
serie cronológia; F= chronologie; chrono; pelurier}.<br />
chronological inven<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * An inven<strong>to</strong>ry or list in which<br />
<strong>the</strong> entries are made in a sequential date order, which may<br />
not be <strong>the</strong> original order.22. {D= chronologische Liste; Es=<br />
inventario cronológico; F= réper<strong>to</strong>ire chronologique}.<br />
chronologie {F} * see chronological file {E}.<br />
chronologische Liste {D} * see chronological inven<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
chutes {F} * see outtake {E}.<br />
chutes de montage {F} * see trims {E}.<br />
chutier {F} * see bin {E}.<br />
cible {F} * see target {E}.<br />
cicatriz oscura {Es} * see burn-in {E}.<br />
ciclo {Es} * see cycle {E;F}.<br />
ciclo de hitéresis {Es} * see hysteresis loop {E}.<br />
ciclorama {Es} * see cyclorama (CYC) {E}.<br />
CIE {D;E;F} * acronym for Comité internationale de<br />
l'Eclairage.<br />
CIE {Es} * acrónimo de Comité Internacional de l’Eclarage.<br />
CIE chromaticity coordinates {E} * Chromatic coordinates<br />
<strong>to</strong> CIE standards which are based on a system <strong>of</strong><br />
describing colours in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour matching<br />
functions x', y', and z'. The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se coordinates is<br />
<strong>to</strong> insure that colours have <strong>the</strong> same values will appear <strong>the</strong><br />
same. {D= ?; Es= coordenadas de cromaticidad según<br />
normas CIE; F= coordonnées chromatiques (normes<br />
CIE)}.<br />
CIE chromaticity diagram {E} * A chromatic chart <strong>to</strong> CIE<br />
which depicts <strong>the</strong> coordinates <strong>of</strong> spectral colours in a<br />
horseshoe-shaped curve. {D= ?; Es= diagrama de<br />
cromaticidad CIE; F= diagramme chromatique CIE}.<br />
cierre en iris {Es} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.<br />
cierre por caché móvil {Es} * see wipe {E}.<br />
cilindro (gramófono) {Es} * see cylinder machine {E}.<br />
cilindro de cera {Es} * see wax cylinder {E}.
cilindro {Es} * see cylinder {E;F}.<br />
cilindro de cera de color marrón {Es} * see brown wax<br />
cylinder {E}.<br />
cilindro de cera negra {Es} * see black wax cylinder {E}.<br />
cilindro de cuatro minu<strong>to</strong>s (de duración) {Es} * see fourminute<br />
cylinder {E}.<br />
cilindro de dos minu<strong>to</strong>s (de duración) {Es} * see twominute<br />
cylinder {E}.<br />
cilindro estándar {Es} * see standard cylinder {E}.<br />
cilindros concier<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see concert cylinders {D;E}.<br />
cilindros de cera blanca {Es} * see white wax cylinders {E}.<br />
CIM {E} * acronym for computer input micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.<br />
cinch marks {E} * see cinching.<br />
Cinch {D} * see cinching {E}.<br />
cinchado {Es} * see cinching {E}.<br />
cinching {E} * Longitudinal slippage between <strong>the</strong> layers <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape or strip film packs caused by 1) accelerated<br />
and/or decelerated winding, or 2) film/tape wound <strong>to</strong>o tight<br />
when on a reel or hub. Can cause breakage, cracked<br />
oxide, or permanent deformation and may result in straight<br />
longitudinal scratches called cinch marks.(04.07.) {D=<br />
Cinch; Es= cinchado; F= plissement (spires); enroulement<br />
ondulé; glissement des spires}.<br />
cine {Es} * see motion pictures {E}.<br />
cine teoría que defiende la responsabilidad artística del<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see auteur {E;F}.<br />
cine verdadero literalmente, (documental) {Es} * see<br />
cinema-verité {E;F}.<br />
cine y sonidos combinados {Es} * see composite {E}.<br />
cineasta {Es} * see cineaste {E}.<br />
ciné mode {E;F} * 1) The arrangement <strong>of</strong> images on roll<br />
film in which <strong>the</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> print or writing are perpendicular<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film for horizontal script and parallel for<br />
vertical script. 2) The arrangement <strong>of</strong> images on a<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche in which <strong>the</strong> first micro images is in <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p left<br />
hand corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grid pattern and succeeding micro<br />
images appear in sequence from <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m and in<br />
columns from left <strong>to</strong> right.13. Technically referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
position 'a' orientation in <strong>the</strong> ANSI's USA Standard<br />
Specifications for 16-mm and 35-mm Silver gelatin<br />
Micr<strong>of</strong>ilms for Reel Applications. Synonymous with motion<br />
picture orientation; see also comic mode.07. {D= ?; Es=<br />
mé<strong>to</strong>do cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= enregistrement en mode<br />
vertical; mode ciné}.<br />
cineaste {E} * A film maker; more generally, anyone<br />
associ-ated with <strong>the</strong> movies, especially <strong>the</strong> educated<br />
fan.30. {D= Filmemacher; Cineast; Es= cineasta; F=<br />
cinéasté}.<br />
cinéaste {F} * see cineaste {E}.<br />
cinefilm {E} * Synonymous with motion picture film.07. {D=<br />
Kin<strong>of</strong>ilm; Spielfilm; Es= filme cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= film<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
cinéma nouvelle Amérique {F} * see New American<br />
cinema {E}.<br />
cinema-verité {E;F} * A French term which originally<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> lightweight equipment and two-man<br />
46<br />
crews (camera and sound) and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> interview<br />
techniques; now universally used <strong>to</strong> mean any kind <strong>of</strong><br />
documentary technique.30. see also kino-eye {E}. {D= ?;<br />
Es= literalmente, cine verdadero (documental)}.<br />
cinemagraphic {E} * The scientific study <strong>of</strong> film; see also<br />
filmology.30. {D= Kinema<strong>to</strong>graphie; Filmkunst; Es=<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>grafía; cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= cinémagraphique}.<br />
Cinemascope {Es} * see scope (1) {E}.<br />
CinemaScope {D;E;Es;F} * The trademark <strong>of</strong> 20th-<br />
Century Fox for its widescreen anamorphic process, a ratio<br />
ranging from 2.35 <strong>to</strong> 2.55; originally developed in France<br />
in <strong>the</strong> 1920s under <strong>the</strong> name Anamorphoscope.(30.10.)<br />
cinemateca {Es} * see library shot {E}.<br />
cinémathèque {F} * see film archives {E}.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>grafía {Es} * see cinemagraphic {E}.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>grafía {Es} * see cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico {Es} * see cinemagraphic {E}.<br />
cinematógrafo {Es} * see cinema<strong>to</strong>grapher {E}.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>graph film {E} * see motion picture/s.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>grapher {E} * The direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphy (in<br />
England, <strong>the</strong> lighting cameraman) who is responsible for<br />
<strong>the</strong> camera and lighting, and <strong>the</strong>refore, <strong>to</strong> a greater or<br />
lesser extent, for <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> motion picture<br />
image.30. {D= ?; Es= cinematógrafo; F= directeur de la<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphi}.<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphie {F} * see cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique {F} * see cinemagraphic {E}.<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy {E} * The art or technique <strong>of</strong> motion<br />
picture pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. {D= Kinema<strong>to</strong>graphie; Es=<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>grafía; F= cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphie}.<br />
Cinerama {D;E;Es;F} * A widescreen process invented<br />
by Fred Waller, using three cameras which were<br />
electronically syn-chronized in use between 1952 and<br />
1962, replaced in 1962 by a single-camera anamorphic<br />
process.(30.)<br />
cinescope {F} * see picture tube {E}.<br />
cinescopio {Es} * see kine; kinescope; picture tube {E}.<br />
cinescopio de control {Es} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r {D;E}.<br />
cinescopio de máscara de sombra {Es} * see shadowmask<br />
kinescope {E}.<br />
cinescopio de placa perforada {Es} * see shadow-mask<br />
kinescope<br />
cinescopio de proyección {Es} * see projection kinescope<br />
{E}.<br />
cinex {E;F} * A short series <strong>of</strong> film frames printed with<br />
various exposures <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> camera opera<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> judge<br />
<strong>the</strong> camera exposure; also called cinex strip and control<br />
strip.10. {D= ?; Es= tira de cine; tira de control; F=<br />
émulsion colloïdale}.<br />
cinex strip {E} * see cinex.<br />
cinta (sonoros) {Es} * see record (2)(3) {E}.<br />
cinta {Es} * see strip (1) {E}.
cinta audio digital {Es} * see digital audio tape (DAT) {E}.<br />
cinta au<strong>to</strong>adhesiva {Es} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta certificada {Es} * see certified tape {E}.<br />
cinta compacta {Es} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.<br />
cinta de alineación {Es} * see alignment tape {E}.<br />
cinta de audio {Es} * see audio tape {E}.<br />
cinta de bajo nivel de impresión {Es} * see low print tape<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta de bajo nivel de ruido {Es} * see low noise tape {E}.<br />
cinta de doble revesrimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see double-coated tape<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta de guía {Es} * see leader tape {E}.<br />
cinta de larga duración {Es} * see extra play tape {E}.<br />
cinta de metal evaporado {Es} * see metal evaporated tape<br />
(ME) {E}.<br />
cinta de papel perforada {Es} * see punched paper tape<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta de partículas {Es} * see metal particle tape (MP) {E}.<br />
cinta de referencia estándar {Es} * see standard reference<br />
tape {E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo {Es} * see videocassette; videotape {E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo de 19 mm de entrada analógica {Es} * see<br />
D-2 {E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo de alta capacidad de grabación {Es} * see<br />
D-6 {E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo de entrada analógica o digital {Es} * see D-3<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo de primera generación {Es} * see firstgeneration<br />
videotape {E}.<br />
cinta de vídeo original {Es} * see camera original videotape<br />
{E}.<br />
cinta guardada sin rebobinar {Es} * see tails out {D;E}.<br />
cinta magnética (específicamente) {Es} * see magnetic<br />
tape {E}.<br />
cinta magnética (genéricamente) {Es} * see magnetic tape<br />
base {E}.<br />
cinta magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica {Es} * see audio reel {E}.<br />
cinta matriz de vídeo editada {Es} * see edited master<br />
videotape {E}.<br />
cinta original {Es} * see master tape {E}.<br />
cinta para hacer empalmes {Es} * see splicing tape {E}.<br />
cinta perforada {Es} * see punched card {E}.<br />
cinta pregrabada {Es} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.<br />
cinta sin fin {Es} * see loop {E}.<br />
cinta sonora {Es} * see record; sound recording {E}.<br />
cinta verde {Es} * see green tape {E}.<br />
47<br />
cinta virgen {Es} * see blank tape {E}.<br />
Cinta de Audio Digital {Es} * see DAT {E}.<br />
Cinta de Componente Digital {Es} * see Digital<br />
Componenet Tape {E}.<br />
Cinta de Componente Digital {Es} * see Digital Component<br />
Tape {E}.<br />
CIRC {E} * acronym for cross interleave Reed-Solomon<br />
code.<br />
circuit {E;F} * A system <strong>of</strong> conduc<strong>to</strong>rs and electrical<br />
components through which electricity flows.39. {D=<br />
Stromkreislauf; Schaltung; Es= circui<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
circuit de conformation de bruit {F} * see noise-shaping<br />
circuit {E}.<br />
circuit de maintien {F} * see aperture circuit {E}.<br />
circuit échantillonneur-bloqueur {F} * see sample-and-hold<br />
circuit (SH) {E}.<br />
circuit intégré {F} * see integrated circuit {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see circuit {E;F}; line {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> cerrado local {Es} * see local loop {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> de abertura {Es} * see aperture circuit {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> de ajuste de línea {Es} * see linear {D;E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> de entrada {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> de muestreo y retención {Es} * see sample-andhold<br />
circuit (SH) {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> de salida {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> formador de ruidos {Es} * see noise-shaping circuit<br />
{E}.<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> integrado {Es} * see integrated circuit {E}.<br />
cita de referencia de amplitud estándar {Es} * see<br />
standard amplitude reference tape {E}.<br />
citric acid {E} * A chemical compound used by film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries during <strong>the</strong> fixing process in place <strong>of</strong> acetic<br />
acid. The colourless crystals dissolve readily in alcohol.<br />
Citric acid is also used in clearing solutions. {D= ?; Es=<br />
ácido cítrico; F= acid citrique}.<br />
claimant {E} * The person or corporate body in whom is<br />
vested <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> ownership and protection against<br />
unauthorized use <strong>of</strong> any given work, published or<br />
unpublished.(12.) {D= ?; Es= demandante; F= ayant droit;<br />
ayants droit}.<br />
clair {F} * see brilliant {E}.<br />
clamping zone {E} * The region <strong>of</strong> an optical disc which<br />
may be in contact with <strong>the</strong> spindle and a clamping<br />
mechanism.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona del mecanismo<br />
sujetador; F= zone de serrag}.<br />
clap {Es;F} * see clapper board; slate {E}.<br />
clapper {F} * see clapper board {E}.<br />
clapper board {E} * A blackboard or chalkboard,<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> a moving-image shot,<br />
upon which are written <strong>the</strong> pertinent data for <strong>the</strong> shot with<br />
a clapstick on <strong>to</strong>p which makes a sound used <strong>to</strong><br />
synchronize <strong>the</strong> sound and image.(30.) {D= Klappe; Es=
clap; claquetas; F= clap; claquette}.<br />
claquement {F} * see click {E}.<br />
claqueta {Es} * see slate {E}.<br />
claquetas {Es} * see clapper board {E}.<br />
claquette {F} * see clapper board; slate {E}.<br />
clarté d'écran {F} * see screen brightness {E}.<br />
clasificación {Es} * see classification {E;F}.<br />
clasificación y ordenación {Es} * see arrangement (1) {E}.<br />
clasificatión y ordenación acondicionamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see<br />
arrangement {E}.<br />
classement {F} * see arrangement {E}.<br />
classer {F} * see file {E}.<br />
classer {F} * see file {E}.<br />
classification {E;F} * 1) A filing system or categorization<br />
scheme for records/archives. 2) The placing <strong>of</strong> series<br />
and/or items within such a system or scheme; see also<br />
arrangement.(22.23.) {D= Klassifikation; Klassifizieren;<br />
Es= clasificación; F= planification des classements}.<br />
clavija de conmutación {Es} * see patch plug {E}.<br />
clavija para auriculares (tipo telefónico) {Es} * see phone<br />
plug {E}.<br />
claw {E} * A mechanism used in motion picture cameras<br />
and pro-jec<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> move <strong>the</strong> film intermittently.09. {D=<br />
Greifer; Es= garra; gancho; F= griffe}.<br />
clean room {E} * ?? {D= ?; Es= sala limpia; F= salle<br />
blanche}<br />
cleaner {E} * see winder/cleaner; ultrasonic cleaner.<br />
cleaning {E} * A general term used <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong><br />
elimination <strong>of</strong> dirt, dust, stains, etc., from materials. The<br />
manner <strong>of</strong> cleaning can be done in a variety <strong>of</strong> ways<br />
depending upon <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soiling and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> object<br />
being cleaned.(24.) {D= Reinigung; Es= limpieza; F=<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage}.<br />
cleaning cassette {E} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.<br />
cleaning film/tape {E} * Film or tape material used <strong>to</strong> clean<br />
<strong>the</strong> mechanism, film/tape path, and/or gate/magnetic head<br />
<strong>of</strong> a film or tape machine; dependent upon its packaging,<br />
may also be called cleaning cassette. {D= Reinigungsfilm;<br />
Reinigungsband; Reinigungskassette; Es= filme o cinta de<br />
limpieza; F= film/bande de net<strong>to</strong>yage; net<strong>to</strong>yage de film}.<br />
cleaning tape {E} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.<br />
clearance {E} * An administrative determination that an<br />
individual may have access <strong>to</strong> restricted records or<br />
information <strong>of</strong> a specified category.22.23. {D=<br />
Ausnahmegenehmigung; Es= au<strong>to</strong>rización de consulta; F=<br />
accès par dérogation}.<br />
clic {F} * see click; transient dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
cliché {Es} * see cut (6) {E}.<br />
cliché au colloïde {F} * see pigment print {E}.<br />
cliché de medio <strong>to</strong>no {Es} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne block {E}.<br />
48<br />
cliché de projection {F} * see lantern slide {E}.<br />
click {E;Es} * The sound that an analogue grooved media<br />
recording produces when its stylus goes over various<br />
damages (cracks, breaks) or debris in <strong>the</strong> grooved track.<br />
{D= ?; Es= chasquido; ruido seco; F= clic; cliquetis;<br />
claquement}.<br />
clignotements {F} * see blink {E}.<br />
clipping {E} * A form <strong>of</strong> very audible sound playback<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion produced by <strong>the</strong> capabilities <strong>of</strong> an amplifier being<br />
exceeded (known as overload).(04.) 2) The removal <strong>of</strong> a<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> a signal above and/or below a predetermined<br />
level by a limiter. 3) The removal <strong>of</strong> a portion <strong>of</strong> a CRT<br />
display that is <strong>to</strong>o large for <strong>the</strong> screen. 4) The loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning and/or ending <strong>of</strong> sounds, usually on soundactivated<br />
devices.(10.) {D= ?; Es= 1) forma de<br />
reproducción [lectura]; 2) limitador, 3) eliminación parcial<br />
de la indicación visual CRT; 4) pérdida de sonidos; F= 1)<br />
saturation (acoustique) 2) écrêtage 3) fenêtrage 4)<br />
découpage}.<br />
clips {E} * A short section or sections extracted from a<br />
motion--picture film. When created during <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong><br />
editing, <strong>the</strong> short sections are <strong>of</strong>ten called cuts or<br />
trims.(12.) {D= ?; Es= secciones de filme; F= court extrait}.<br />
clips de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.<br />
clips de noticias {Es} * see news clip {E}.<br />
cliquetis {F} * see click {E}.<br />
cloc {F} * see bump {E}.<br />
cloc de collage {F} * see bloop {E}.<br />
clock {E} * A timing device that generates <strong>the</strong> basic<br />
periodic sig-nal used as a source <strong>of</strong> synchro-nizing signals<br />
in various electronic equip-ment.(39.) {D= ?; Es= reloj; F=<br />
horloge}.<br />
clock rate {E} * The time rate <strong>of</strong> pulses or events.39. {D=<br />
?; Es= cadencia del reloj; F= fréquence d'horloge;<br />
cadence}.<br />
clock time {E} * In video production, a time code signal that<br />
is locked <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> advancing video frames. Clock time is<br />
characteristic <strong>of</strong> Monochrome video and not NTSC colour<br />
video which uses drop-frame time code. {D= ?; Es= tiempo<br />
de reloj en clave; F= temps codé sur l'horloge; code<br />
horaire sur l'heure réelle}.<br />
cloisons mobiles {F} * see wild walls {E}.<br />
cloque {F} * see bubble {E}.<br />
cloruro amónico {Es} * see ammonium chloride {E}.<br />
cloruro polivinílico {Es} * see polyvinyl chloride<br />
(polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) {E}.<br />
close-up {E} * In moving-image production and<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a shot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> face only.30. {D= ganz nah;<br />
Groszaufnahme; grosz; Es= primer plano; F= demi-gros<br />
plan; gros plan; plan rapproché; plan serré}.<br />
closed captioning {E} * Captioning information that is<br />
encoded on line 21 <strong>of</strong> each NTSC TV field and requires a<br />
decoder <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> information visible on a moni<strong>to</strong>r or<br />
receiver. {D= ?; Es= leyendas cerradas; F= titre collectif}.<br />
closed file {E} * 1) A dossier relating <strong>to</strong> a matter on which<br />
action has been completed and <strong>to</strong> which fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
documents are not likely <strong>to</strong> be added. 2) A dossier with<br />
restrictions as <strong>to</strong> access as distinct from an open<br />
file.(22.23.) {D= 1) geschlossene Akte; 2) Verschlußsache;
Verschlußsache/n; Es= 1) expediente concluso; 2) fichero<br />
con etiqueta de cola; F= dossier classifié (protégé);<br />
dossier clos}.<br />
closed record group {E} * a record group <strong>to</strong> which fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
materials are not likely <strong>to</strong> be added because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
abolition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> agency, major administrative<br />
reorganization, or basic change in <strong>the</strong> acquisitions or filing<br />
plan/system <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> archive.(22.23.) {D= geschlossener<br />
Bestand; Es= fondo cerrado; F= série close; fonds clos}.<br />
CLUT {E} * acronym for colour look-up table.<br />
CLV {E} * acronym for constant linear ve-locity.<br />
CMS {E} * abbreviation for centimetres per second.<br />
CMX EDITING {E} * acronym for computer assisted editing<br />
system. {D= ?; Es= edición CMX; acrónimo de Revisión<br />
por Ordenador; F= édition assistée par ordinateur}.<br />
CNA {F} * see DAC {E}.<br />
CNR {E} * acronym for carrier-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio.<br />
co-channel interference {E} * Interference that occurs<br />
when two television stations operating on <strong>the</strong> same<br />
frequency are received at <strong>the</strong> same location. {D= ?; Es=<br />
interferencia de dos emisoras de televisión; F=<br />
interférence sur canal commun}.<br />
co-operation/in association with {E} * A credit for a<br />
corporate body or person, o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> main production<br />
company or staff, who aids in one or more production<br />
functions in an audiovisual production.(12.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
cooperación; en asociación con; F= coopération/en<br />
association avec}.<br />
co-producción {Es} * see co-production {E}.<br />
co-producción internacional {Es} * see international coproduction<br />
{E}.<br />
co-production {E} * A work resulting from <strong>the</strong> joint efforts <strong>of</strong><br />
two or more production companies, possibly based in<br />
different counties.(12.) {D= Koproducktion; Es= coproducción;<br />
F= coproduction}.<br />
coarse groove {E} * Term used <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong> channel<br />
size prevalent in most shellac recordings, as opposed <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> microgroove used in modern 33a-RPM Lp sound<br />
recordings.(04.) {D= Makrorille; Es= ranura <strong>to</strong>sca [rugosa;<br />
gruesa]; F= sillon large}.<br />
coated lens {E} * A camera lens covered with a very thin<br />
layer <strong>of</strong> transparent material, possibly magnesium fluoride<br />
or calcium fluoride, that reduces amount <strong>of</strong> light reflected<br />
by <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens. A coated lens usually transmits<br />
more light than an uncoated lens at <strong>the</strong> same f-s<strong>to</strong>p, and<br />
less flare.09. {D= ?; Es= lente tratada; lente con<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong> antireflejante; F= lentille traitée; objectif<br />
traité}.<br />
coating {E} * 1) The magnetic layer <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> oxide or metal particles held in a binder that<br />
is applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> carrier, holding <strong>the</strong> magnetically recorded<br />
signal.(46.) 2) The outer layer on a laminated disc or<br />
cylinder in which <strong>the</strong> grooves are cut.04. 3) The emulsion<br />
on film. 4) Any substance applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base, such as <strong>the</strong><br />
emulsion, magnetic coating, or back coating. {D=<br />
Beschichtung; Es= revestimien<strong>to</strong>; aplicación de la<br />
emulsión; capa magnética; F= 1) couche magnétique 2)<br />
couche gravée 3) émulsion d'un film 4) enduit}.<br />
coating resistance {E} * The electrical resistance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
layer measured between two parallel electrodes spaced a<br />
known distance apart along <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> specification sheets this is called resistivity.46. {D=<br />
49<br />
Schichtweiderstand; Es= resistencia del revestimien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
résistance (électrique) du revêtement}.<br />
coating thickness {E} * The thickness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> multi-layered materials, most<br />
specifically, magnetic tape or laminated discs. In general,<br />
thin coatings on magnetic tape have excellent resolution at<br />
<strong>the</strong> expense <strong>of</strong> reduced output at long wavelengths; thick<br />
coatings give high output at long wavelengths at <strong>the</strong><br />
expense <strong>of</strong> resolution. (04.46.) {D= Schichtdicke; Es=<br />
espesor del revestimien<strong>to</strong>; F= épaisseur du revêtement}.<br />
coating transfer {E} * In magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> unintentional<br />
relocation <strong>of</strong> a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic veneer from one<br />
layer <strong>of</strong> tape (front side) <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r layer (backside) during<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage in a wound pack or reel. This can cause loss <strong>of</strong><br />
sound during playback or excess deposit (buildup) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
transferred material on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape heads.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
migración de la capa magnética; F= transfert (spire à<br />
spire) de la couche magnétique}.<br />
coax {E} * abbreviation for coaxial.<br />
coaxial {E;Es;F} * A shielded single cable used <strong>to</strong> carry<br />
video or antenna signals.(35.) {D= Coaxial}<br />
coaxial cable (triax) {E} * A electronic single line for a video<br />
camera which carries all <strong>the</strong> video, control, and power<br />
connections that are required.<br />
Coaxial {D} * see coaxial {E}.<br />
cobalt doping {E} * 1) The act <strong>of</strong> adding cobalt or a cobalt<br />
compound <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> material destined for use as <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetizable medium <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape. 2) The cobalt<br />
doping, itself.10. {D= Kobaltdotierung; Es= barnizado de<br />
cobal<strong>to</strong>; F= dopage au cobalt}.<br />
cobalt thiocyanate {E} * A cobalt salt used <strong>to</strong> measure<br />
relative humidity (R/H). Materials, such as paper,<br />
impregnated with <strong>the</strong> salt will turn from varying shades <strong>of</strong><br />
blue <strong>to</strong> varying shades <strong>of</strong> pink, depending on <strong>the</strong> R/H. The<br />
colour can be compared <strong>to</strong> a standard colour chart <strong>to</strong> indsive,<br />
this process is not particularly accurate -using this<br />
process readings can not be measured <strong>to</strong> better than five<br />
percent- and it does not lend itself <strong>to</strong> measurements in<br />
large rooms. It is inexpensive, however, and can be used<br />
in exhibit cases; see also hair hygrometer; hygrometer;<br />
psychrometer; recording hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph; relative<br />
humidity; sling psychrometer.(26.) {D= ?; Es= tiociana<strong>to</strong> de<br />
cobal<strong>to</strong>; F= thiocyanate de cobalt}.<br />
cobalt-doped oxide {E} * An oxide, usually gamma-ferric<br />
oxide, that has a higher magnetic coercivity as a<br />
consequence <strong>of</strong> having a small quantity <strong>of</strong> cobalt added<br />
during manufacturer.10. {D= Kobalt-dotiertes Oxid; Es=<br />
óxido de cobal<strong>to</strong> impuro; F= oxyde dopé au cobalt}.<br />
cociente de Strehl {Es} * see Strehl ratio {E}.<br />
cockle/cockling {E} * 1) Wrinkling or puckering caused by<br />
uneven drying. 2) The shrinking <strong>of</strong> stretched paper as it<br />
dries.32. 3) Also applied <strong>to</strong> rising, pulling, waving or curling<br />
<strong>of</strong> various materials caused by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wrong type<br />
<strong>of</strong> adhesive or <strong>to</strong>o much adhesive.45. {D= Runzeln;<br />
Kräuseln; Faltenwerfen; Deformierung; Es= arrugas;<br />
contracción; abarquillamien<strong>to</strong>; ondulaciones; deformación;<br />
F= fronces; détérioration}.<br />
cocoloris {F} * see cucolouris {E}.<br />
codage de trame SMPTE/ANSI {F} * see SMPTE/ANSI<br />
Frame Coding {E}.<br />
codage delta YUV {F} * see delta yuv (DYUV) {D;E}.<br />
codage temporel non-drop frame {F} * see non-drop frame;<br />
non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.
codage yuv {F} * see yuv encoding {D;E}.<br />
code de contrôle par redondance cyclique {F} * see cyclic<br />
redundancy check code (CRCC) {E}.<br />
code de détection et de correction d'erreurs {F} * see error<br />
detection and correction code (EDCC) {E}.<br />
code de Hamming {F} * see Hamming code {E}.<br />
code horaire inscrit dans l'espace de suppression trame<br />
{F} * see VITC {E}.<br />
code horaire sur l'heure réelle {F} * see clock time {E}.<br />
code Reed-Solomon à entrelacement croisé {F} * see<br />
cross-interleave Reed-Solomon code (CIRC) {E}.<br />
code temporel {F} * see time code {E}.<br />
code temporel inséré danrant l'intervalle de suppression<br />
de trame (VITC) {F} * see vertical interval time code {E}.<br />
Code de Produit Universel {F} * see Universal Product<br />
Code (UPC) {E}.<br />
codeur {F} * see encoder {E}.<br />
codeur couleur {F} * see colour encoder {E}.<br />
codificación por elemen<strong>to</strong>s compues<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see<br />
component coding {E}.<br />
codificación por elemen<strong>to</strong>s individuales {Es} * see<br />
component coding {E}.<br />
codificador {Es} * see encoder {E}.<br />
codificador cromático {Es} * see colour encoder; matrices<br />
{E}.<br />
codigo de tiempo {Es} * see time code {D;E}.<br />
código de comprobación de la redundancia cíclica {Es} *<br />
see cyclic redundancy check code (CRCC) {E}.<br />
código de detección y corrección de errores {Es} * see<br />
error detection and correction code (EDDC) {E}.<br />
código de impulsos {Es} * see pulse code modulation<br />
(PCM) {D;E}.<br />
código de numeración del tiempo de cada fo<strong>to</strong>grama de<br />
un vídeo consecutivamente {Es} * see non-drop frame {E}.<br />
código de tiempo {Es} * see time code {D;E}.<br />
código de tiempo de intervalo vertical {Es} * see vertical<br />
interval time code {E}.<br />
código de tiempo longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal time<br />
code (LTC) {D;E}.<br />
código Hamming {Es} * see Hamming code {E}.<br />
código horario {Es} * see time code {D;E}.<br />
código Reed-Solomon de corrección de errores en discos<br />
compac<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see cross-interleave Reed-Solomon<br />
code (CIRC) {E}.<br />
código yux {Es} * see yuv encoding {D;E}.<br />
Código de Tiempo del Intervalo Vertical {Es} * see VITC<br />
{E}.<br />
Código de Tiempo Diario {Es} * see TOD {E}.<br />
50<br />
Código Universal para Produc<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see Universal<br />
Product Code (UPC) {E}.<br />
coding {E} * see edge numbers.<br />
coefficient d'anamorphose {F} * see anamorphic squeeze<br />
{E}.<br />
coefficient de dilatation hygroscopique {F} * see coefficient<br />
<strong>of</strong> hygroscopic expansion {E}.<br />
coefficient de dilatation <strong>the</strong>rmique {F} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal expansion {E}.<br />
coefficient de frottement {F} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction {E}.<br />
coefficient dynamique de frottement {F} * see dynamic<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction (UD) {E}.<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction {E} * The tangential force required <strong>to</strong><br />
maintain (dynamic coefficient) or initiate (static coefficient)<br />
motion between two surfaces divided by <strong>the</strong> normal force<br />
pressing <strong>the</strong> two surfaces <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r.46. {D=<br />
Reibungskoeffifient; Es= coeficiente de fricción; F=<br />
coefficient de frottement}.<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> hygroscopic expansion {E} * The relative<br />
increase in <strong>the</strong> linear dimension <strong>of</strong> a material (i.e., tape,<br />
base material, or disc) percent increase in relative humidity<br />
measured in a given humidity range.(04.46.) {D=<br />
hygreskopischer Ausdeknungskoeffizrent; Es= coeficiente<br />
de expansión higroscópica; F= coefficient de dilatation<br />
hygroscopique}.<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal expansion {E} * The relative increase<br />
in <strong>the</strong> linear dimension <strong>of</strong> a tape or base material per<br />
degree rise in temperature measured in a given<br />
temperature range.04.46. {D= <strong>the</strong>rmischer<br />
Ausdehnungskoeffizient; Es= coeficiente de expansión<br />
térmica; F= coefficient de dilatation <strong>the</strong>rmique}.<br />
coeficiente de expansión higroscópica {Es} * see<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> hygroscopic expansion {E}.<br />
coeficiente de expansión térmica {Es} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal expansion {E}.<br />
coeficiente de fricción {Es} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction {E}.<br />
coeficiente del positivado {Es} * see density {E}.<br />
coeficiente dinámico de fricción {Es} * see dynamic<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction (UD) {E}.<br />
coeficiente positivado {Es} * see density {E}.<br />
coercitividad {Es} * see coercivity {E}.<br />
coercivité {F} * see coercivity {E}.<br />
coercivity {E} * The demagnetizing force or field intensity<br />
required <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> induction <strong>of</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
(exclusive <strong>of</strong> air induction effects) from saturation <strong>to</strong> zero.<br />
A figure <strong>of</strong> merit for magnetic tape useful for comparing<br />
relative bias and erase field require-ments. In magnetic<br />
tape this becomes an indica<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> maximum energy<br />
available from a recorded tape. Usually expressed in<br />
Oersteds; also known as intrinsic coercivity; see also<br />
intrinsic coercive force.(04.16.10.) {D= Koerzitivkraft; Es=<br />
coercitividad; F= coercitivité; force coercitive; champ<br />
coercitif; coercivité}.<br />
cola {Es} * see glue; leader {E}.<br />
cola animal {Es} * see animal glue {E}.<br />
cola de cometa {Es} * see comet tail {E}.
colaborador {Es} * see collabora<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
colage {F} * see splicing {E}.<br />
cold-setting adhesive {E} * A glue that sets at a<br />
temperature below 20°C (68°F).45. {D= Kaltleim; Es=<br />
adhesivo de endurecimien<strong>to</strong> en frío; F= colle à froid}.<br />
colección {Es} * see collection {E;F}.<br />
colgadero {Es} * see hanger {E}.<br />
collaborateur {F} * see collabora<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
collabora<strong>to</strong>r {E} * One who works with one or more<br />
associates <strong>to</strong> produce a work; all may make <strong>the</strong> same kind<br />
<strong>of</strong> contribution, as in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> shared responsibility, or<br />
<strong>the</strong>y may make different kinds <strong>of</strong> contributions, as in <strong>the</strong><br />
case <strong>of</strong> collaboration between an artist and a writer.03. {D=<br />
Mitarbeiter; Es= colaborador; F= collaborateur}.<br />
collage tête-bande {F} * see head stick {E}.<br />
collant {F} * see splice; tape splicer {E}.<br />
colle {F} * see glue; paste {E}.<br />
colle à chaud {F} * see hot-melt adhesives {E}.<br />
colle à froid {F} * see cold-setting adhesive {E}.<br />
colle d'origine animale {F} * see animal glue {E}.<br />
collection {E;F} * 1) An artificial accumulation <strong>of</strong><br />
documents <strong>of</strong> any provenance brought <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r on <strong>the</strong><br />
basis <strong>of</strong> some common character-istic, e.g. way <strong>of</strong><br />
acquisition, subject, language, medium, name <strong>of</strong> collec<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
2) A body <strong>of</strong> documents comprising a record/archive group<br />
with o<strong>the</strong>r related materials <strong>of</strong> different provenance/s. 3) A<br />
loose usage for private records/archives.22.23. {D=<br />
Sammlung; Nachlaß; Es= colección}.<br />
collection development {E} * A term which encompasses<br />
a number <strong>of</strong> activities related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
library or archive groups, including <strong>the</strong> determination and<br />
coordination <strong>of</strong> selection policy, assessment <strong>of</strong> needs <strong>of</strong><br />
users and potential users, collection use studies, collection<br />
evaluation, identification <strong>of</strong> collection needs, selection and<br />
acquisition <strong>of</strong> materials, planning for resource sharing,<br />
collection maintenance, and weeding.(01.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
desarrollo de los fondos; F= développement (gestion) des<br />
collections}.<br />
collection maintenance {E} * 1) A term covering all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
activities carried out by a library or archive <strong>to</strong> preserve <strong>the</strong><br />
materials in its care, including packaging, mending,<br />
repairing, materials conversion, etc. 2) One aspect <strong>of</strong><br />
collection development.(01.) {D= ?; Es= mantenimien<strong>to</strong> de<br />
los fondos; F= entretien des collections}.<br />
collective title {E} * A title proper that is an inclusive title for<br />
an item containing several individual works.(12.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= título colectivo; F= titre collectif}.<br />
colleuse à scotch {F} * see tape splicer {E}.<br />
colleuse bout-à-bout {F} * see butt splicer {E}.<br />
colleuse coller {F} * see splicer {E}.<br />
collimateur {F} * see collima<strong>to</strong>r lens {E}.<br />
collima<strong>to</strong>r lens {E} * An optical component used in some<br />
optical media pickups <strong>to</strong> make divergent light rays<br />
parallel.39. {D= ?; Es= lente colimadora; F= collimateur;<br />
lentille collimateur}.<br />
collodion {E;F} * A viscous mixture used especially as a<br />
51<br />
coating for wounds or for pho<strong>to</strong>graphic plates. {D= ?; Es=<br />
colodión}.<br />
colloid {E} * A gelatinous substance which when dissolved<br />
in a liquid will not diffuse readily through vegetable or<br />
animal membranes.41. {D= kolloidal; Es= coloide; F=<br />
colloïde}.<br />
colloid emulsion {E} * A coated, light-sensitive layer in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> medium is a colloid. Organic colloids used in<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy include albumen, gelatin, glue, gum arabic,<br />
and starch.42. {D= ?; Es= emulsión coloidal; F= emulsion<br />
colloïde}.<br />
colloïde {F} * see colloid {E}.<br />
collotype {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>-mechanical process made directly<br />
from a hardened emulsion <strong>of</strong> bichromated gelatin on glass.<br />
A collotype, which is a variety <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>gravure, gives a<br />
continuous <strong>to</strong>ne image. The process was discovered in<br />
1852 by William Henry Fox Talbot. The first person <strong>to</strong> use<br />
<strong>the</strong> process for <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> printing plates was<br />
Alphonse Louis Poitevin. Pho<strong>to</strong>type, albertype, ar<strong>to</strong>type,<br />
heliotype and Lichtdruck are forms <strong>of</strong> collotype; also called<br />
a gelatin print.19. {D= ?; Es= colotipia; F= calotype}.<br />
collure {F} * see splice {E}.<br />
collure bord à bord {F} * see butt splice {E}.<br />
collure bout-à-bout {F} * see butt splice {E}.<br />
collure colage {F} * see splicing {E}.<br />
colmatage des têtes {F} * see head clog {E}.<br />
colocación espaciada {Es} * see honeycombing {E}.<br />
colocar obje<strong>to</strong>s en estanterías {Es} * see shelving (1, 2)<br />
{E}.<br />
colodión {Es} * see collodion {E}.<br />
coloide {Es} * see colloid {E}.<br />
color {E/US} * see colour {E}.<br />
color {Es} * see colour; hue {E}.<br />
color aditivo {Es} * see additive colour {E}.<br />
color azul-verde {Es} * see cyan {E}.<br />
color de la imagen {Es} * see image colour {E}.<br />
color negro {Es} * see black burst; colour black {E}.<br />
colorant azo {F} * see azo dye {E}.<br />
colorant polymère {F} * see dye-polymer {E}.<br />
colorante azoíco {Es} * see azo dye {E}.<br />
coloré main {F} * see hand-coloured {E}.<br />
coloreado (-a) a mano {Es} * see hand-coloured {E}.<br />
colores primarios aditivos {Es} * see additive colour<br />
primaries {E}.<br />
colores secundarios {Es} * see secondary colours {E}.<br />
colotipia {Es} * see collotype; gelatin print {E}.<br />
colour {E;Es} * An encompassing term referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
character <strong>of</strong> light o<strong>the</strong>r than spatial and temporal<br />
inhomogeneities; principally, <strong>the</strong> aspect <strong>of</strong> hue, saturation,<br />
and brightness; see also Technicolor; solarization.30. {D=<br />
Farbe; F= couleur}.
colour balance {E} * 1) The ability <strong>of</strong> a film <strong>to</strong> reproduce <strong>the</strong><br />
colours <strong>of</strong> a scene. colour films are balanced in<br />
manufacture for exposure <strong>to</strong> light <strong>of</strong> a certain colour quality<br />
(i.e., daylight tungsten, etc.). 2) The reproduction <strong>of</strong><br />
colours in colour prints which can be altered during <strong>the</strong><br />
printing process. May be controlled with filers on <strong>the</strong><br />
camera or in <strong>the</strong> printer.09. 3) The ability <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
camera <strong>to</strong> reproduce <strong>the</strong> colours <strong>of</strong> a scene. Video camera<br />
are adjusted <strong>to</strong> balance under <strong>the</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> light in a<br />
certain colour temperature (i.e., daylight tungsten, etc.).<br />
{D= ?; Es= 1) equilibrio de color; 2) cambios de color<br />
durante el positivado; 3) habilidad para reproducir colores<br />
escénicos con cámara de vídeo; F= gris équivalent;<br />
équilibre des couleurs; balance de couleur; équilibrage des<br />
couleurs}.<br />
colour bars {E} * A video test signal that provides <strong>the</strong><br />
necessary elements for visual set up and adjustment <strong>of</strong><br />
video equipment. It includes white level, black level,<br />
chroma level, and hue information. {D= ?; Es= barras de<br />
color; F= mire de barres (de couleur); charte de couleurs}.<br />
colour black {E} * A video composite signal that combines<br />
<strong>the</strong> colour subcarrier, horizontal sync, vertical sync, and a<br />
black video signal. The video signal has no luminance<br />
component. Colour Black is laid on tapes for editing in <strong>the</strong><br />
insert mode. It is also known as Black Burst. colour burst.<br />
A portion <strong>of</strong> a video signal used <strong>to</strong> synchronize <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
reception <strong>of</strong> a TV receiver or <strong>the</strong> playback <strong>of</strong> a videotape<br />
deck. also known as a colour subcarrier. {D= ?; Es= color<br />
negro; F= noir couleur}.<br />
colour correction {E} * 1) Alteration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
scene by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> electronic circuits which separate <strong>the</strong><br />
signal in<strong>to</strong> its Red, Green, and Blue components for<br />
individual processing and correction upon recombination.<br />
2) Alteration <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>nal values <strong>of</strong> coloured objects or images<br />
by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> light filters, ei<strong>the</strong>r with camera or printer. The<br />
alteration is accompanied by means <strong>of</strong> colour<br />
compensating (CC) filters or by colour printing (CP)<br />
filters.09. {D= Farbkorrektur; Es= corrección del color<br />
mediante filtros; corrección del color con circui<strong>to</strong>s<br />
electrónicos; F= correction de couleur}.<br />
colour correc<strong>to</strong>r {E} * An electronic instrument <strong>to</strong> correct a<br />
video signal which was produced in an out-<strong>of</strong>-balance<br />
system. {D= ?; Es= correc<strong>to</strong>r de color; F= correcteur de<br />
couleur}.<br />
colour difference signal {E} * The calculation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chroma<br />
signal without <strong>the</strong> luminance (Y) information (i.e., R-Y, B-Y,<br />
and G-Y). {D= ?; Es= señal diferencial de color; F= signal<br />
de différence de couleur}.<br />
colour dis<strong>to</strong>rtions {E} * Dis<strong>to</strong>rtions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour information<br />
<strong>of</strong> a video signal. These can be artifacts, differential gain,<br />
differential phase, envelope delay, or gain inequality. {D=<br />
?; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión del color; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsions de couleur}.<br />
colour encoder {E} * An electronic device that produces a<br />
NTSC colour video signal from separate Red, Green, and<br />
Blue video signals. also known as a colour modula<strong>to</strong>r or<br />
colourplexer. {D= ?; Es= codificador cromático; F= codeur<br />
couleur}.<br />
colour frame pulse {E} * A 15 hertz pulse that identifies <strong>the</strong><br />
colour frame in <strong>the</strong> time code signal. The colour frame<br />
pulse is obtained from <strong>the</strong> master sync source and is<br />
supplied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> time code genera<strong>to</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= pulsación<br />
del cuadro de color; F= trame couleur}.<br />
colour framing {E} * The phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subcarrier with<br />
respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lines and fields that make up <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
picture. In <strong>the</strong> NTSC system, <strong>the</strong> colour frame is<br />
determined by <strong>the</strong> phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour subcarrier at <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> line 10 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first field <strong>of</strong> each frame. {D= ?;<br />
Es= cuadro [enmarcación] de color; F= tramage; couleur;<br />
synchronisation des trames couleur}.<br />
52<br />
colour key {E} * A system based on pixel-by-pixel colour<br />
matching <strong>to</strong> control overlay transparency. 2) A technique<br />
in which parts <strong>of</strong> an image are determined <strong>to</strong> be<br />
transparent based on <strong>the</strong> colour values. 3) The process <strong>of</strong><br />
using separate acetate overlays <strong>to</strong> produce a coloured<br />
picture.(10.) {D= ?; Es= llave de color; F= ?}.<br />
colour look-up table (CLUT) {E} * A means <strong>of</strong> compressing<br />
<strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> information needed <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re pic<strong>to</strong>rial<br />
information by allowing only 256 colours (tints and<br />
brightness) and holding <strong>the</strong>se absolute values in a table.<br />
The colour <strong>of</strong> a given picture element or pixel is <strong>the</strong>n<br />
defined as a value from this table, which contains all <strong>the</strong><br />
colours that may be used in an individual picture. The<br />
picture is <strong>the</strong>n encoded using <strong>the</strong> table addresses ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than absolute values.10. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= compression<br />
CLUT}.<br />
colour reversal intermediate-negative film (CRI) {E} * A<br />
process which allows <strong>the</strong> making <strong>of</strong> a colour duplicate<br />
negative without first making an intermediate positive; see<br />
also internegative. {D= ?; Es= película internegativa de<br />
inversión del color (CRI); F= film réversible internégatif<br />
couleur}.<br />
colour sensitivity {E} * 1) The portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum <strong>to</strong><br />
which an item is sensitive. The ability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye or<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>to</strong> respond <strong>to</strong> various wavelengths <strong>of</strong><br />
light. Sometimes confused with spectral sensitivity; see<br />
panchromatic; orthochromatic.09. 2) The colour quality -<br />
expressed in degrees kelvin (k)- <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light source. The<br />
higher <strong>the</strong> colour temperature, <strong>the</strong> bluer <strong>the</strong> light, <strong>the</strong> lower<br />
<strong>the</strong> temperature, <strong>the</strong> redder <strong>the</strong> light.09. {D= ?; Es=<br />
sensibilidad crómatica; F= sensibilité chromatique}.<br />
colour subcarrier {E} * In <strong>the</strong> NTSC colour system, <strong>the</strong><br />
carrier whose modulation sidebands are added <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
monochrome signal <strong>to</strong> convey <strong>the</strong> colour information. Also<br />
called <strong>the</strong> subcarrier and burst. {D= ?; Es= subportadora<br />
cromática; F= sous-porteuse couleur; sous porteuse<br />
chrominance}.<br />
colour temperature {E} * 1) The temperature <strong>of</strong> a<br />
blackbody that generates light with <strong>the</strong> closest visual<br />
colour match <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> source being specified.10. 2) The<br />
human nervous system makes many au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
adjustments for variances in <strong>the</strong> physical quality <strong>of</strong> light<br />
which enters <strong>the</strong> eye. Since nei<strong>the</strong>r cameras nor present<br />
film s<strong>to</strong>cks can make those adjust-ments au<strong>to</strong>matically, <strong>the</strong><br />
cameraman must spend much energy and time<br />
compensating for those variances, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
important <strong>of</strong> which is colour temperature, which is<br />
measured in degrees kelvin (k). Sunlight (and ideal white<br />
light) has a colour temperature <strong>of</strong> 6000°K.46. 3) The colour<br />
quality --expressed in degrees kelvin (K)-- <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light<br />
source. The higher <strong>the</strong> colour temperature, <strong>the</strong> bluer <strong>the</strong><br />
light; <strong>the</strong> lower <strong>the</strong> temperature, <strong>the</strong> redder <strong>the</strong> light.09.<br />
{D= Farbempfindlichkeit; Farbtemperatur; Es= temperatura<br />
del color; F= température de couleur}.<br />
colour under {E} * Systems which reduce and limit <strong>the</strong><br />
chroma information instead <strong>of</strong> interleaving it as in NTSC<br />
and PAL systems. Its name is derived from <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
subcarrier being recorded below <strong>the</strong> bank occupied by <strong>the</strong><br />
video signal. {D= ?; Es= subportadora cromática; F=<br />
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable<br />
sur disque compact}.<br />
coloured illustration {E} * An illustration in two or more<br />
colours (nei<strong>the</strong>r black nor white is a colour).(03.) {D=<br />
Farbabbildung; Es= ilustración coloreada; F= illustration<br />
colorée}.<br />
COM {E} * acronym for computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.<br />
comb filter {E} * An electronic circuit that makes colour<br />
video images sharper by improving <strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise<br />
ration by nearly 3 Db, by removing noise.(35.) {D= ?; Es=
filtro de característica en peine; filtro de onda; F= filtre en<br />
peigne}.<br />
combinación de señales independientes {Es} * see<br />
multiplexing {E}.<br />
combinación matricial (para transformar la señal de TV en<br />
colores) {Es} * see matrixing {E}.<br />
combination attachment {E} * An equipment converter<br />
package, <strong>of</strong>fered for sale first by <strong>the</strong> Edison Co. in 1908 at<br />
<strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir four-minute Amberol Record, which<br />
allowed <strong>the</strong> new recording format <strong>to</strong> be played on twominute<br />
cylinder machines. The package consisted <strong>of</strong> a<br />
four-minute sapphire reproducer, extra gearing <strong>to</strong> halve <strong>the</strong><br />
speed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> feed screw, and o<strong>the</strong>r accessories <strong>to</strong> suit <strong>the</strong><br />
type and model <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equipment <strong>to</strong> be modified. This was<br />
changed somewhat when Blue Amberol Records replaced<br />
Amberol Records in 1912: <strong>the</strong> package <strong>the</strong>n included a<br />
diamond reproducer. The package was, also, available<br />
after 1926 <strong>to</strong> convert <strong>the</strong> Diamond Disc machines <strong>to</strong> play<br />
Long Playing Records besides standard Diamond Discs.<br />
As audiovisual equipment has evolved o<strong>the</strong>r converter<br />
packages have appeared, for example, <strong>the</strong> inclusion <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sleeve <strong>to</strong> fit over a standard spindle <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> larger<br />
holed 45-RPM disc <strong>to</strong> be played on turntables which could<br />
spin at both 33a- and 45-RPM.(14.) {D= ?; Es= dispositivo<br />
de conservación; F= système de conversion}.<br />
combination equipment {E} * <strong>Audiovisual</strong> playback<br />
equipment with special mechanism (i.e., gearing, <strong>to</strong>ne<br />
arm, styli, magnetic heads) which allows <strong>the</strong> playing <strong>of</strong><br />
variations on <strong>the</strong> base format (i.e., two-minute and fourminute<br />
cylinders; 78-, 45-, and 33a-RPM discs; type II and<br />
III Beta video cassette equipment) with minimum if any<br />
additional equipment and/or converter attachments. {D= ?;<br />
Es= equipo de reproducción; F= équipement de<br />
conversion}.<br />
combiné (image & son) {F} * see composite {E}.<br />
comédien {F} * see player {E}.<br />
comet tail {E} * A spurious video signal that results from<br />
<strong>the</strong> transducer's response <strong>to</strong> a change in light level which<br />
overloads its pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive surface. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
bleeding. {D= ?; Es= cola de cometa; F= traînage<br />
dynamique; effet de comète}.<br />
comic mode {E} * 1) The arrangement <strong>of</strong> images on a roll<br />
<strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm in which <strong>the</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> print or writing are parallel<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film for horizontal film and<br />
perpendicular for vertical script (in <strong>the</strong> same manner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
panels <strong>of</strong> a newspaper comic strip). 2) The arrangement <strong>of</strong><br />
images on a micr<strong>of</strong>iche in which <strong>the</strong> first micro image is in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p left hand corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grid pattern and succeeding<br />
micro images appear in sequence from left <strong>to</strong> right and in<br />
rows from <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m.13. Technically referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
position b orientation in ANSI's USA standard specification<br />
for 16-mm and 35-mm silver gelatin micr<strong>of</strong>ilms for reel<br />
applications; see also cine mode. {D= ?; Es= a la manera<br />
de los cómics; F= enregistrement en mode horizontal}.<br />
comienzo {Es} * see start mark {E}.<br />
comienzo preparado {Es} * see heads out {E}.<br />
Comisión Federal de Comunicación {Es} * see FCC {E}.<br />
Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones (EEUU) {Es} * see<br />
Federal Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E}.<br />
Comité Internacional de l’Eclarage {Es} * see CIE {E}.<br />
commande à pied {F} * see foot switch {E}.<br />
commanditaire {F} * see sponsor {E}.<br />
53<br />
commentaires {F} * see liner notes {E}.<br />
commentateur {F} * see jeep {E}.<br />
commentative sound {E} * An audio track in a movingimage<br />
production whose source is outside <strong>the</strong> reality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
scene being pho<strong>to</strong>graphed.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido<br />
doblado [añadido]; F= voix commentaire; voix "<strong>of</strong>f"}.<br />
commercial {E;F} * A short persuasive moving-image or<br />
audio production, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> 15 <strong>to</strong> 60 seconds duration,<br />
usually highly contrived and normally presented on<br />
television or radio, which attempts <strong>to</strong> convince <strong>the</strong><br />
audience <strong>to</strong> buy a product, take some specific action, or<br />
adopt a favourable view <strong>to</strong>wards some product, institution,<br />
business or issue; not <strong>to</strong> be confused with public service<br />
announcement.(12.) {D= Werbefilm; Werbesendung; Es=<br />
anuncio; F= publicitée; message de publicité}.<br />
commission fédérale de communication {F} * see Federal<br />
Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E}.<br />
communication restreinte {F} * see restricted access {E}.<br />
compact cassette (CC) {E} * The most widely known<br />
magnetic audio cassette format using 0.15-inch tape. tape<br />
speed is generally 4.76 CPS / 1#-IPS. Designed <strong>to</strong><br />
operate in two directions, ei<strong>the</strong>r with mono or stereo tracks<br />
using slightly less than half <strong>the</strong> tape width. Playing time<br />
depends upon <strong>the</strong> thickness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape, with standard<br />
durations being 30 minutes (C30), 60 minute (C60), 90<br />
minutes (C90), and 120 minutes (C120). Dependent upon<br />
<strong>the</strong> recording playback system, may use any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
available types <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape (i.e. Ferric oxide,<br />
chromium dioxide, etc.) or tape noise suppression systems<br />
(i.e. Dolby) {D= Kompaktkassette; Es= cinta compacta;<br />
casete compacta; F= cassette compacte}.<br />
compact disc (CD) {E} * A recording medium, introduced<br />
commercially in 1983, consisting <strong>of</strong> a 12 cm/4.72-inch disc,<br />
made principally <strong>of</strong> plastic coated with a reflective surface<br />
<strong>of</strong> micro-thin reflective metal, commonly aluminium in<br />
commercial discs, and a protective layer <strong>of</strong> lacquer.<br />
Presently used primarily for audio and CD-ROM<br />
recordings. Normally recorded and played on one side only<br />
at this time, <strong>the</strong> medium can yield up <strong>to</strong> 72 minutes <strong>of</strong><br />
audio signal per side. The sonic content consists <strong>of</strong><br />
digitally encoded sets <strong>of</strong> binary numbers translated in<strong>to</strong><br />
minute pits that are etched or o<strong>the</strong>rwise placed in/on <strong>the</strong><br />
reflective layer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc and read from inside <strong>to</strong> outside<br />
by a low power LASER light beam as <strong>the</strong> disc revolves at<br />
constant linear velocity at speeds reaching from 500- <strong>to</strong><br />
200-pm; see also LASER disc.(04.) {D= Compact Disk;<br />
Es= disco compac<strong>to</strong>; F= disque compact}.<br />
compact disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E} * A compact disc<br />
system which carries video and o<strong>the</strong>r non-audio data.(39.)<br />
{Es= disco compac<strong>to</strong>+gráficos; F= disque<br />
compact+graphique}.<br />
compact disc+midi (CD+MIDI) {D;E} * A compact disc<br />
system which carries midi information in its sub-code<br />
area.(39.) {Es= disco compac<strong>to</strong> + midi; F= disque<br />
compact+midi}.<br />
compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E} * A compact disc system<br />
which carries twenty (20) minutes <strong>of</strong> digital audio on an 8centimetre<br />
diametre disc.(39.). {Es= disco compac<strong>to</strong>-3; F=<br />
disque compact-3}.<br />
compact disc-digital audio (CD-DA) {D;E} * A compact disc<br />
system which has only digital audio.(39.) {Es= CD-DA;<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong>-audio digital; F= disque compact<br />
audionumérique}.<br />
compact disc-interactive (CD-I) {D;E} * A compact disc<br />
system which may carry digital audio, video, text, and<br />
graphics information interactively, with user control over
content and presentation.(39.) {Es= CD-I; disco compac<strong>to</strong><br />
interactivo; F= disque compact interactif}.<br />
compact disc-interactive extended (CD-IX) {D;E} * A CD-I<br />
system which accommodates more functions than CD-<br />
I.(10.) {Es= CD-IX; disco compac<strong>to</strong> de extensión<br />
interactiva; F= disque compact intéractif étendu}.<br />
compact disc-programmable read only memory (CD-<br />
PROM) {D;E} * A write-once CD-ROM. {Es= disco<br />
compac<strong>to</strong> sólo lec<strong>to</strong>r de memoria programable; F=<br />
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable<br />
sur disque compact}.<br />
compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) {D;E} * A<br />
computer peripheral in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a compact disc <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re<br />
c.550 megabytes/250,000+ typewritten pages <strong>of</strong> data for<br />
later retrieval. The data is placed on <strong>the</strong> disc at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong><br />
manufacturer; see also LASER disc.(18.) {Es= ?; F=<br />
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement;<br />
cédérom}.<br />
compact disc-read only memory extended architecture<br />
(CD-ROM XA) {D;E} * An extended architecture CD-ROM<br />
containing audio and screen standards from <strong>the</strong> compact<br />
disc-interactive format.(39.) {F= mémoire sur disque<br />
compact à lecture uniquement et à architecture étendue;<br />
cédérom-XA; Es= CD-ROM XA; disco compac<strong>to</strong> de<br />
arquitecura extendida sólo lec<strong>to</strong>r de memoria}.<br />
compact disc-real-time operating system (CD-RTOS) {D;E}<br />
* The s<strong>of</strong>tware necessary <strong>to</strong> operate and manipulate a<br />
compact disc-inter-active or compact disc-read only<br />
memory system, based on OS-46.(39.) {F= système<br />
d'exploitation multitâche en temps réel sur disque<br />
compact; Es= CD-RTOS; disco compac<strong>to</strong> de sistema<br />
operativo a tiempo real}.<br />
compact disc-recordable (CD-R) {D;E} * see compact discwrite<br />
once.<br />
compact disc-video (CD-V) {D;E} * A compact disc system<br />
which carries up <strong>to</strong> 5 minutes <strong>of</strong> analogue video, plus 20<br />
minutes <strong>of</strong> digital audio, on a standard size compact disc,<br />
and longer times on 20-centimetre or 30-centimetre<br />
diametre optical discs.(39.) {F= disque compact vidéo (CD-<br />
V); Es= CD-V; disco compac<strong>to</strong> y [de] vídeo}.<br />
compact disc-write-once (CD-WO) {D;E} * A compact disc<br />
system which permits data (audio or o<strong>the</strong>rwise) <strong>to</strong> be<br />
written on<strong>to</strong> a standard compact disc.(39.) {F= disque<br />
compact à écriture unique et lecture multiple; Es= disco<br />
compac<strong>to</strong> de escritura única}.<br />
compact shelving {E} * A system <strong>of</strong> mobile shelving<br />
intended <strong>to</strong> save space and/or guarantee security<br />
comprising movable back-<strong>to</strong>-back rows, actuated manually<br />
or electrically, ei<strong>the</strong>r horizontally on rails or rotating<br />
through a quarter-circle on a pivot.(22.23.) {F= rayonnage<br />
dense; rayonnage compact; D= Compactusregal;<br />
Kompaktregal; Kompaktersystem; Rollgestellanlage; Es=<br />
compactus; estantería densa}.<br />
Compact Disk {D} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.<br />
compactus {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
Compactusregal {D} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
compartimentage {F} * see partition {E}.<br />
compartimen<strong>to</strong> portacarrete {Es} * see magazine (1)<br />
{E;Es;F}.<br />
compartment {E} * see bay.<br />
compatibilidad {Es} * see compatibility {E}.<br />
54<br />
compatibilité {F} * see compatibility {E}.<br />
compatibility {E} * Composite colour is said <strong>to</strong> be<br />
compatible with <strong>the</strong> monochrome format if its<br />
transmissions can be received on monochrome receivers<br />
and, and monochrome transmissions can be received on<br />
colour receivers. The NTSC system is fully compatible. If<br />
a system fails <strong>the</strong>se test it is noncompatible.<br />
Complementary Colour. A video colour formed by<br />
subtracting a reference colour from white light. {F=<br />
compatibilité; D= ?; Es= compatibilidad}.<br />
compensación {Es} * see balance stripe; <strong>of</strong>fset {E}.<br />
compensación de paralelaje {Es} * see parallax {E}.<br />
compensación del empuje lateral (<strong>to</strong>cadiscos) {Es} * see<br />
antiskating compensation {E}.<br />
compensador de la caída de desprendimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see<br />
dropout compensa<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
compensador de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout<br />
compensa<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
compensateur de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout<br />
compensa<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
compensateur de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout<br />
compensa<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
compensation {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.<br />
compensation de poussée latérale antiskating {F} * see<br />
antiskating compensation {E}.<br />
compensa<strong>to</strong>r {E} * see equalizer.<br />
competencia archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction<br />
{E}.<br />
compilador {Es} * see compiler {E}.<br />
compilateur {F} * see compiler {E}.<br />
compilation {E;F} * An audiovisual work made up <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>matically or graphically organized segments <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
works, edited <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> make an al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r new<br />
work.(12.) {D= Kompilation; Es= recopilación}.<br />
compiler {E} * 1) One who produces a collection by<br />
selecting and putting <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r matter from <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong><br />
various persons or bodies. 2) One who selects and puts<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in one publication matter from <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong> one<br />
person or body.(03.) {F= compilateur; D= Umwandler;<br />
Compiler; Übersetzer; Es= compilador; recompilador}.<br />
Compiler {D} * see compiler {E}.<br />
compliance {E} * The ease with which a stylus moves from<br />
side <strong>to</strong> side and up and down in a groove.(04.) {F=<br />
élasticité; (compliance); acquiescement; D=<br />
Nachgiebigkeit (Nadel); Es= conformidad}.<br />
component {E} * A system whereby <strong>the</strong> luminance and<br />
chrominance video signals are recorded separately. {F=<br />
composante; composant; pièce détachée; D= ?; Es=<br />
componente; elemen<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
component coding {E} * Individual elements that represent<br />
<strong>the</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> a composite video signal. In component<br />
television, <strong>the</strong>se elements include Y (luminance), R-Y & B-<br />
Y (<strong>the</strong> colour difference signals), or R, G, & B (<strong>the</strong><br />
individual colour signals). The splitting <strong>of</strong> a video signal<br />
in<strong>to</strong> three parts: ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> primary colour signals RGB, or,<br />
for recording purposes, yuv. A simplified variant is <strong>the</strong><br />
splitting in<strong>to</strong> two signals only, YC. {F= élément de codage;<br />
D= Signaldarstellung; Komponenten-Signaldarstellung;
Es= codificación por elemen<strong>to</strong>s individuales [elemen<strong>to</strong>s<br />
compues<strong>to</strong>s]}.<br />
component demagnetization {E} * see demagnetization.<br />
componente {Es} * see component; coupler {E}.<br />
componente análogo múltiple {Es} * see multiple analogue<br />
component (MAC) {E}.<br />
Componente Analógico Múltiple {Es} * see MAC {E}.<br />
componentes de una cámara {Es} * see camera chain {E}.<br />
composant {F} * see component {E}.<br />
composante {F} * see component {E}.<br />
composantes analogiques multiplexées (dans le temps)<br />
{F} * see multiple analogue component (MAC) {E}.<br />
composición {Es} * see montage {E;F}.<br />
Composit {D} * see composite {E}.<br />
composite {E;F} * 1) A video system in which all luminance<br />
(Y) and colour difference signals (R-Y, B-Y) have been<br />
combined <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r for recording and broadcast. The signal<br />
is decoded at playback or when viewed on a video moni<strong>to</strong>r<br />
or TV set. The distinction <strong>of</strong> a composite signal is<br />
important when compared <strong>to</strong> component video. 2) A video<br />
signal that results from combining <strong>the</strong> picture signal with<br />
sync. This designation arose due <strong>to</strong> some NTSC systems<br />
which processed signals in <strong>the</strong> non-composite mode prior<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sync signal. 3) A single piece <strong>of</strong><br />
motion picture film-bearing picture and matching sound;<br />
see also married print.09. {F= standard; combiné (image<br />
& son); copie standard; D= Filmkopie mit Licht<strong>to</strong>nspur;<br />
Composit; Es= copia estándar; cine y sonidos<br />
combinados}.<br />
composite print {E} * see composite {E}.<br />
compresión {Es} * see compression {E;F}.<br />
compresión analógica {Es} * see analogue compression<br />
{E}.<br />
compresión anamórfica {Es} * see anamorphic squeeze<br />
{E}.<br />
compresión de la imagen {Es} * see compression {E;F};<br />
image compression {E}.<br />
compresión del negro {Es} * see black compression {E}.<br />
compresión JPEG {Es} * see JPEG compression {E}.<br />
compresor {Es} * see pressure plate {E}.<br />
compression {E;F} * The au<strong>to</strong>matic reduction made in an<br />
audio or video signal <strong>to</strong> minimize dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.10. Reduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> one portion <strong>of</strong> a video signal with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> gain at<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same signal. {D= Kompression;<br />
Dynamikkompression; Es= compresión; compresión de la<br />
imagen}.<br />
compression analogique {F} * see analogue compression<br />
{E}.<br />
compression CLUT {F} * see colour look-up table (CLUT)<br />
{E}.<br />
compression d'image {F} * see image compression {E}.<br />
compression/decompression algorithms {E} * Algorithms<br />
that allow s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> more than one hour <strong>of</strong> information on<br />
a medium for decompression in real time.(10.) {F=<br />
55<br />
algorithmes de compression/décompression; D= ?; Es=<br />
algoritmos de compresión-descompresión}.<br />
compression JPEG {F} * see JPEG compression {E}.<br />
compression sur le noir {F} * see black compression {E}.<br />
comprobación {Es} * see grading {E}.<br />
comprobacíon equilibrado {Es} * see grading {E}.<br />
compteur (métrage) {F} * see footage counter {E}.<br />
compteur d'index {F} * see index counter {E}.<br />
compteur de défilement {F} * see tape index counter {E}.<br />
compteur de trames {F} * see frame counter {E}.<br />
compteur horaire {F} * see timer {E}.<br />
compteur images {F} * see frame counter {E}.<br />
compteur mémoire {F} * see memory counter {E}.<br />
compuerta por conjunción {Es} * see And gate {E}.<br />
compuerta Y {Es} * see And gate<br />
compulsory licence {E} * An au<strong>to</strong>matic licence granted for<br />
specified purposes under U.S. Copyright Law for (a)<br />
mechanical rights <strong>to</strong> musical compositions, (b) cable<br />
television systems, and (c) noncommercial broadcasting,<br />
and, until 1988, for (d) jukeboxes, with rates for such<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic licences being set by <strong>the</strong> U.S. Copyright Act;<br />
sometimes called a manda<strong>to</strong>ry licence.(10.) {F= droits<br />
d'exploitation; D= ?; Es= licencia obliga<strong>to</strong>ria}.<br />
computer file {E} * A file (data and/or programmes)<br />
encoded for manipulation by computer.03. {F= fichier<br />
informatique; D= ?; Es= fichero de ordenador}.<br />
computer input micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) {E} *<br />
Micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm used <strong>to</strong> input or re-input data <strong>to</strong> a<br />
computer.(22.23.) {F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orme en entrée<br />
d'ordinateur; CIM; D= Dateneingabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm;<br />
Dateneingabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ormen; CIM; Es= CIM; entrada<br />
de ordenador para micr<strong>of</strong>ilme o micr<strong>of</strong>orma; entrada de<br />
ordenador en micr<strong>of</strong>ilme/micr<strong>of</strong>orma}.<br />
computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (COM) {E} *<br />
Computer output produced directly on<strong>to</strong><br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm, without paper prin<strong>to</strong>ut as an<br />
intermediary. The term may, also, be used <strong>to</strong> designate <strong>the</strong><br />
equipment producing <strong>the</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>orm or <strong>the</strong> process as a<br />
whole.(22.23.) {F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orme en sortie<br />
d'ordinateur; composition par ordinateur sur micr<strong>of</strong>orme;<br />
com; D= Datenausgabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm/Mikr<strong>of</strong>ormen; Es=<br />
COM; salida de ordenador para micr<strong>of</strong>ilme o micr<strong>of</strong>orma;<br />
salida de ordenador en micr<strong>of</strong>ilme o micr<strong>of</strong>orma; SOM}.<br />
con indentación {Es} * see indentation recording {E}.<br />
concealment {E} * Strategy used with digital media <strong>to</strong><br />
supply approximate data in lieu <strong>of</strong> missing or incorrect<br />
data; see also interpolation.39. {F= masquage; D=<br />
Fehlerverdeckung; Es= encubrimien<strong>to</strong>; ocul<strong>to</strong>; disimulado}.<br />
concentración de iones de hidrógeno {Es} * see hydrogenion<br />
concentration {E}.<br />
concentration en ions hydrogène {F} * see hydrogen-ion<br />
concentration {E}.<br />
concentric groove {E} * A blank (unmodulated) and<br />
continuous groove in a groove disc at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
modulated and/or recorded groove/s whose function is <strong>to</strong><br />
prevent fur<strong>the</strong>r travel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stylus <strong>to</strong>ward <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
disc; accomplished by creating a lock or block <strong>to</strong> end <strong>the</strong><br />
travel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pickup in <strong>the</strong> revolving groove; also known as<br />
locked groove; end groove; see also eccentric groove.(04.)<br />
{F= sillon concentrique; sillonsonore concentrique;<br />
concentrique; D= ?; Es= surcos concéntricos}.<br />
concentricidad {Es} * see concentricity {E}.<br />
concentricité {F} * see concentricity {E}.<br />
concentricity {E} * The difference in <strong>the</strong> mechanical centre<br />
locations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> centring feature <strong>of</strong> a disk and any con<strong>to</strong>ur<br />
on <strong>the</strong> disk (such as a pre-grooved track).46. {F=<br />
concentricité; D= Konzentrizität; Es= concentricidad}.<br />
concentrique * see concentric groove {E}.<br />
concert cylinders {D;E} * Large diameter cylinder records<br />
made from wax from 1899 <strong>to</strong> approximately 1908 by such<br />
companies as Columbia, Edison, and Edison Bell, and<br />
from celluloid by such as Lambert and Indestructible.<br />
Measuring 4½-inches in length, 5-inches external<br />
diametre, and 4¼-inches <strong>to</strong> 4#-inches internal diametre,<br />
concert cylinders had a higher linear speed and,<br />
consequently, a greater volume than o<strong>the</strong>r audio<br />
recordings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> period; also known as concert grand and<br />
grand cylinders.(14.) {F= cylindres concert; Es= cilindros<br />
concier<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
concert grand cylinders {E} * see concert cylinders.<br />
concordance {E} * A finding aid establishing <strong>the</strong><br />
relationship between past and present reference numbers<br />
<strong>of</strong> individual items.(22.23.) {F= table de concordance; D=<br />
Vertaulichkeit; Es= tabla [carta] de concordancias; table de<br />
concordancias}.<br />
Condensite {D;E;Es;F} * The material, similar <strong>to</strong> bakelite,<br />
used by Edison in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> his Diamond Disc<br />
records.<br />
condiciones de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> (normas) en archivos {Es}<br />
* see archival s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E}.<br />
condiciones de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
environment {E}.<br />
condiciones de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> a largo plazo {Es} * see<br />
extended term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E}.<br />
condiciones de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> para la conservación a<br />
medio plazo {Es} * see medium term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions<br />
{E}.<br />
condiciones ideales de envío {Es} * see shipping<br />
environment (2) {E}.<br />
condition de s<strong>to</strong>ckage des archives {F} * see archival<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E}.<br />
conditioning {E} * Placing a material in a special<br />
environment (i.e. controlled temperature and/or relative<br />
humidity) in order <strong>to</strong> put it in a proper state for work or use.<br />
For example, when bringing a film from cold s<strong>to</strong>rage in<strong>to</strong><br />
a normal working temperature <strong>the</strong> film is held for specified<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> time at predetermined temperature and relative<br />
humidities <strong>to</strong> prevent <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> condensation on its<br />
surface; also called staging.(04.07.) {F= conditionnement;<br />
D= Akklimatisierung; Es= acondicionamien<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
conditionnement {F} * see conditioning; curing {E}.<br />
conditions de s<strong>to</strong>ckage {F} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage environment {E}.<br />
conditions de s<strong>to</strong>ckage à moyen terme {F} * see medium<br />
term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E}.<br />
conditions de s<strong>to</strong>ckage à très long terme {F} * see<br />
56<br />
extended term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E}.<br />
conditions de transport {F} * see shipping environment {E}.<br />
conducteur visuel {F} * see s<strong>to</strong>ry board {E}.<br />
conductive coatings {E} * Layers <strong>of</strong> material that are<br />
specially treated <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> coating resistance and,<br />
thus, prevent <strong>the</strong> accumulation <strong>of</strong> static electrical charge<br />
on magnetic media.(04.46.) {F= revêtements conducteurs;<br />
D= ?; Es= recubrimien<strong>to</strong>s [capas] conductivas}.<br />
conectador {Es} * see pin {E}.<br />
conec<strong>to</strong>r BNC {Es} * see BNC connec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
conexión {Es} * see input {E}.<br />
conexión {Es} * see input {E}.<br />
conexión a tierra {Es} * see ground {E}.<br />
conexión interfacial {Es} * see feed through {E}.<br />
conexión vía satélite {Es} * see uplink {E}.<br />
confidentialité {F} * see confidentiality {E}.<br />
confidentiality {E} * The quality or property <strong>of</strong> privacy or<br />
secrecy attaching <strong>to</strong> certain information <strong>the</strong>reby limiting<br />
access.22.23. {F= secret; confidentialité; D=<br />
Vertraulichkeit; Es= caracter confidencial; reserva}.<br />
configuración de pista {Es} * see track configuration {E}.<br />
configurador de ruidos {Es} * see noise-shaping circuit {E}.<br />
configurar {Es} * see configure {E}.<br />
configuration de piste {F} * see track configuration {E}.<br />
configure {E} * To organize a set <strong>of</strong> hardware or s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
in<strong>to</strong> a system and <strong>to</strong> adjust each part so that <strong>the</strong>y all work<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. {F= configurer; D= ?; Es= configurar}.<br />
configurer {F} * see configure {E}.<br />
conflicting archival claims {E} * Clashing ownership<br />
declarations <strong>of</strong> political or administrative entities regarding<br />
legal title <strong>to</strong>, cus<strong>to</strong>dy <strong>of</strong>, and/or access <strong>to</strong> archives,<br />
especially following changes in sovereignty and terri<strong>to</strong>rial<br />
organization.(22.23.) {F= contentieux archivistique; D=<br />
archivische Zuständigkeits-und Eigentumskonflikte; Es=<br />
contencioso archivístico}.<br />
conform {E} * In moving-image production, <strong>to</strong> match <strong>the</strong><br />
original film <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> final edited work print.(09.) {F=<br />
conformer; D= ?; Es= adaptar; conformar}.<br />
conformar {Es} * see conform {E}.<br />
conformer {F} * see conform {E}.<br />
conformidad {Es} * see compliance {E}.<br />
confus {F} * see muddy {E}.<br />
conjun<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see jack {E}.<br />
conmutación {Es} * see sampling {E}.<br />
conmutador {Es} * see switcher {E}.<br />
conmutador de distribución {Es} * see routing switcher {E}.<br />
conmutador de pedal {Es} * see foot switch {E}.<br />
conmutador-mezclador {Es} * see routing switcher {E}.
conmutador-mezclador {Es} * see switcher {E}.<br />
connecteur {F} * see plug {E}.<br />
connecteur à fiches {F} * see patch plug {E}.<br />
connecteur BNC (Bayonet-Neill-Concelman) {F} * see BNC<br />
connec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
connecteur femelle {F} * see patch jack {E}.<br />
connecteur mâle {F} * see patch plug {E}.<br />
connecteur phono {F} * see phone plug {E}.<br />
connecteur RCA {F} * see phone plug {E}.<br />
consecutivo {Es} * see serial (1) {E;F}.<br />
conservación {Es} * see archive conservation {E;F}.<br />
conservation {E;F}; cus<strong>to</strong>dy {E}; preservation {E;F}.<br />
conservación de archivo (normas) {Es} * see archive<br />
conservation {E}.<br />
conservación por etapas {Es} * see phased conservation<br />
{E}.<br />
conservación por fases {Es} * see phased conservation<br />
{E}.<br />
conservador {Es} * see conserva<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
conservateur {F} * see conserva<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
conservation {E;F} * The general treatment <strong>of</strong> materials <strong>to</strong><br />
stabilize <strong>the</strong>m chemically or streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>m physically,<br />
sustaining <strong>the</strong>ir survival as long as possible in <strong>the</strong>ir original<br />
form; see also archive conservation; cus<strong>to</strong>dy; preservation.<br />
(17.22.) {D= Konservierung; Restaurierung; Es=<br />
conservación}.<br />
conservation {F} * see cus<strong>to</strong>dy; preservation {E}.<br />
conservation des archives {F} * see archive conservation<br />
{E}.<br />
conservation légère {F} * see phased conservation {E}.<br />
conserva<strong>to</strong>r {E} * A specialist with advanced training in <strong>the</strong><br />
arts and sciences related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical and practical<br />
aspects <strong>of</strong> conservation, who is able <strong>to</strong> prescribe and<br />
undertake various physical and chemical procedures and<br />
techniques in order <strong>to</strong> ensure <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong><br />
materials, and who adheres <strong>to</strong> ethical standards<br />
established by <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession.(01.) {F= conservateur; D=<br />
Konserva<strong>to</strong>r; Restaura<strong>to</strong>r; Es= conservador [restaurador]}.<br />
console {E;F} * 1) A control desk provided for mixing,<br />
amplifying, fading, and routing electronic signals. 2) The<br />
part <strong>of</strong> a computer used by <strong>the</strong> opera<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> communicate<br />
with <strong>the</strong> computer. 3) A motion picture film editinas {D= ?;<br />
Es= 1) mesa de control; 2) ordenador; 3) máquina edi<strong>to</strong>ra<br />
de películas}.<br />
console de mixage {F} * see mixer {E}.<br />
constancia {Es} * see uniformity {E}.<br />
constant angular velocity (CAV) {E} * A disc rotating at a<br />
con-stant number <strong>of</strong> revolutions per specified time period.<br />
The Lp is a CAV system rotating at 33a-RPM.39. {F=<br />
vitesse angulaire constante (VAC); D= konstante<br />
Winkelgeschwindigkeit; Es= velocidad angular constante}.<br />
constant linear velocity (CLV) {E} * A disc rotating at varying<br />
numbers <strong>of</strong> revolutions per specified time period <strong>to</strong><br />
maintain a constant relative velocity between pickup and<br />
57<br />
track across <strong>the</strong> disc radius. The CD is a CLV system<br />
rotating from 200- <strong>to</strong> 500-RPM. {F= vitesse linéaire<br />
constante (VLC); D= konstante Lineargeschwindigkeit; Es=<br />
velocidad linear constante}.<br />
constant tension wind {E} * The pressure applied <strong>to</strong> tape<br />
or film by <strong>the</strong> take-up or supply reel mo<strong>to</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> rewind<br />
or fast forward modes which ensures smooth, even<br />
winding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape or film. {F= bobinage à tension<br />
constante; D= ?; Es= tensión de bobinado constante}.<br />
constant <strong>to</strong>rque wind {E} * The resistance applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
take-up or supply reel mo<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> create proper tape or film<br />
tension during rewind or fast forward modes. {F= bobinage<br />
à moment constant; D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>rsión de bobinado<br />
constante}.<br />
constant <strong>to</strong>rque winding/spooling {E} * Winding strip film<br />
and/or magnetic tape at a steady, controlled tension <strong>to</strong><br />
eliminate a build-up <strong>of</strong> stress in <strong>the</strong> tape that could cause<br />
deformation. In general, fast winding or rewinding creates<br />
an uneven and steadily increasing tension on <strong>the</strong><br />
tape.(04.) {F= bobinage/enroulement à moment constant;<br />
D= Winkel mit konstanten Drehmoment; Es= <strong>to</strong>rsión de<br />
enrollado-bobinado constante}.<br />
consulta restringida {Es} * see restricted access {E}.<br />
contact copy {E} * 1) A means <strong>of</strong> making copies by holding<br />
a piece <strong>of</strong> sensitized material in direct contact with <strong>the</strong><br />
original document or pho<strong>to</strong>graphic negative during<br />
exposure. 2) The copy resulting from such a procedure;<br />
see also contact print.(01.22.) {F= copie par contact; D=<br />
Kontaktkopie; Es= copia por contac<strong>to</strong>; directa}.<br />
contact paper {E} * A slow speed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic developing<br />
paper giving a positive print when printed in contact with a<br />
negative image.(42.) {F= papier contact; D= Kontaktkopie;<br />
Es= papel de contac<strong>to</strong>; copia por contac<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
contact print {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic print made by exposing<br />
<strong>the</strong> receiving material while it is held tightly against <strong>the</strong><br />
original images in <strong>the</strong> print. The resulting print is <strong>the</strong> same<br />
size as those in <strong>the</strong> original but with a reversed left-or-right<br />
orientation.(09.) {F= copie tirée par contact; copie contact;<br />
copie par procédé contact; D= Kontaktkopie; Es= copia<br />
por contac<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
contact printing {E} * The reproduction <strong>of</strong> a still- or movingimage<br />
film by placing <strong>the</strong> original in direct physical contact<br />
with <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper or film s<strong>to</strong>ck.(10.) {F= tirage<br />
par contact; D= Kontaktkopieren; Es= positivado por<br />
contac<strong>to</strong>; tiraje por contac<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
contact tête-bande {F} * see head <strong>to</strong> tape contact {E}.<br />
contac<strong>to</strong> entre cabezal y cinta {Es} * see head <strong>to</strong> tape<br />
contact {E}.<br />
contador {Es} * see register {E}.<br />
contador de fo<strong>to</strong>gramas {Es} * see frame counter {E}.<br />
contador de la longitud en oies {Es} * see footage counter<br />
{E}.<br />
contador de memoria {Es} * see memory counter {E}.<br />
contador índice {Es} * see index counter {E}.<br />
contador índice de cinta {Es} * see tape index counter {E}.<br />
container {E} * Any housing or packaging <strong>of</strong> an item, a<br />
group <strong>of</strong> items, or part <strong>of</strong> an item, which is physically<br />
separable from <strong>the</strong> material housed and is intended <strong>to</strong> be<br />
so separated when <strong>the</strong> contained item is in use. (NB The<br />
box in<strong>to</strong> which a video cassette or cartridge is placed is a<br />
container, a video cassette or cartridge is not a container;<br />
a dust cover <strong>of</strong> a book is a container; <strong>the</strong> binding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
ook is not a container.)(12.) {F= contenant; boîte; boîtier;<br />
D= ?; Es= contenedor}.<br />
contaminación {Es} * see contamination {E;F}.<br />
contamination {E;F} * 1) In magnetic tape recording, a thin,<br />
tacky (viscous) deposit on <strong>the</strong> head <strong>to</strong>p surface. This<br />
deposit causes an increase in <strong>the</strong> effective head-<strong>to</strong>-tape<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction and may not be removable by solvent<br />
cleaning.46. 2) The corruption or pollution <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audiovisual signal by inappropriate or invalid data. {D= ?;<br />
Es= contaminación}.<br />
contenant {F} * see container {E}.<br />
contencioso archivístico {Es} * see conflicting archival<br />
claims {E}.<br />
contencioso archivístico {Es} * see conflicting archival<br />
claims {E}.<br />
contenedor {Es} * see can (1); container; slipcase {E}.<br />
contenedor de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> de grabaciones (discos;<br />
cintas) {Es} * see records centre container/car<strong>to</strong>n {E}.<br />
contenedor de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> de grabaciones (discos;<br />
cintas) {Es} * see records centre container/car<strong>to</strong>n {E}.<br />
contenedor de archivo {Es} * see archives box/container<br />
{E}.<br />
content curve {E} * In moving-image work, a term used by<br />
some critics <strong>to</strong> denote <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> time necessary for<br />
<strong>the</strong> average viewer <strong>to</strong> assimilate most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> a<br />
shot.(30.) {F= les média froid et chaud; D= ?; Es= curva de<br />
capacidad [volumen]<br />
content curve}.<br />
contentieux archivistique {F} * see conflicting archival<br />
claims {E}.<br />
contents note {E} * A compiler's (i.e., cataloger, discfilmographer)<br />
note in a bibliographic record which lists <strong>the</strong><br />
individual parts <strong>of</strong>, segments, etc., <strong>of</strong> a work which is so<br />
divided.(12.) {F= notice catalographique; D= ?; Es= apunte<br />
de contenido}.<br />
contestador {Es} * see transponder {E}.<br />
continuación {Es} * see continuation {E;F}.<br />
continuation {E;F} * 1) A supplement. 2) A part issued in<br />
continuance <strong>of</strong> a monograph, a serial, or a series.03. {D=<br />
Forsetzung; Es= continuación}.<br />
continuidad {Es} * see continuity {E}.<br />
continuité {F} * see continuity {E}.<br />
continuity {E} * In moving-image production, <strong>the</strong> assurance<br />
that details in one shot will match details in ano<strong>the</strong>r, even<br />
though <strong>the</strong> shots may be filmed weeks or months<br />
apart,and keeping detailed records <strong>of</strong> takes.(30.) {F=<br />
continuité; continué; D= Kontinuität; Es= continuidad}.<br />
continuity file {E/C} * see chronological file.<br />
continuous printer {E} * An optical or contact printer for<br />
still- and/or moving-image film in which <strong>the</strong> raw s<strong>to</strong>ck and<br />
<strong>the</strong> processed film move past <strong>the</strong> aperture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> printer in<br />
a continuous motion.(10.) {F= tireuse continue; D= ?; Es=<br />
impresora continua}.<br />
continuous <strong>to</strong>ne image {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image that<br />
contains shades or hues that gradually merge in<strong>to</strong> one<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r ra<strong>the</strong>r than in half<strong>to</strong>nes.(10.) {F= image<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphique à nuances continues; D= ?; Es= imagen<br />
de <strong>to</strong>no continuo}.<br />
58<br />
continuous-flow camera {E} * see rotary camera.<br />
contnedores estándar de cintas audio magnéticas usados<br />
por la NAB {Es} * see NAB-A, -B, -C {E}.<br />
con<strong>to</strong>ur {E;F} * see loudness control.<br />
contracampo {Es} * see reaction shot; reverse angle {E}.<br />
contracción {Es} * see cockle/cockling; shrinkage {E}.<br />
contragarfio {Es} * see registration pin {E}.<br />
contraluz {Es} * see backlighting {E}.<br />
contramarcha {Es} * see reverse motion {E}.<br />
contrast {E} * 1) A term used <strong>to</strong> refer both <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> lighting <strong>of</strong> a scene in a moving-image production and<br />
a characteris-tic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film s<strong>to</strong>ck. High-contrast lighting<br />
shows a stark difference between blacks and whites (or<br />
dark and light colour <strong>to</strong>nes); low-contrast lighting (or s<strong>of</strong>t<br />
contrast lighting) mainly emphasizes <strong>the</strong> mid-range <strong>of</strong><br />
grays; see gamma. 2) The density range <strong>of</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong><br />
negative or print film. The brightness range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lighting<br />
on a subject or <strong>the</strong> scene.(30.22.) 3) The range <strong>of</strong> light and<br />
dark values in a video picture, or <strong>the</strong> ratio between <strong>the</strong><br />
maximum and minimum brightness values. Sometimes<br />
expressed as <strong>the</strong> contrast ratio.{F= contraste; D= Kontrast;<br />
Es= contraste}.<br />
contrast ratio {E} * The brightness ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brightest and<br />
darkest areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video image. {F= facteur de contraste;<br />
D= ?; Es= gama de contrastes}.<br />
contraste (grado de) {Es} * see lighting contrast ratio {E}.<br />
contraste {Es;F} * see contrast; lighting contrast ratio {E}.<br />
contraste élevé {F} * see high contrast {E}.<br />
contraste medio {Es} * see medium contrast {E}.<br />
contraste normal {Es;F} * see medium contrast {E}.<br />
contrasté {F} * see hard {E}.<br />
contratipo {Es} * see dupe negative; dupe positive {E}.<br />
contre réaction {F} * see feedback {E}.<br />
contre-cache {F} * see matte shot {E}.<br />
contre-champ {F} * see over-<strong>the</strong>-shoulder shot; reverse<br />
angle {E}.<br />
contre-griffe {F} * see registration pin {E}.<br />
contrechamp {F} * see reaction shot {E}.<br />
contrefaçon {F} * see counterfeit {E}.<br />
contrefaire {F} * see infringe {E}.<br />
contretype {F} * see dupe (duplicate) {E}.<br />
contretype négatif {F} * see dupe negative; intermediate<br />
negative {E}.<br />
contretype positif {F} * see dupe positive {E}.<br />
contretypes {F} * see duping material {E}.<br />
contretypes {F} * see duping material {E}.<br />
control au<strong>to</strong>mático de frecuencia {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
frequency control (afc) {E}.
control au<strong>to</strong>mático de ganancia {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic gain<br />
control (agc) {E}.<br />
control au<strong>to</strong>mático de la tensión del blanco {Es} * see<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic target control {E}.<br />
control de calidad {Es} * see quality control (QC) {E}.<br />
control de da<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see checksum {E}.<br />
control de los valores de luminosidad de una cinta<br />
mediante papel perforado {Es} * see tape setting {E}.<br />
control de pausa {Es} * see pause control {E}.<br />
control de rebobinado (rápido) {Es} * see rewind control<br />
{E}.<br />
control de sonoridad {Es} * see loudness control {E}.<br />
control de <strong>to</strong>no {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>ne control {E}.<br />
control manual de luz (artificial) {Es} * see trim setting {E}.<br />
control strip {E} * A strip <strong>of</strong> film that has been exposed <strong>to</strong><br />
a stepped density scale under tightly controlled conditions.<br />
Such strips are processed with regular production films<br />
and compared with a reference strip with a densi<strong>to</strong>meter<br />
as a check on <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> process. Control strips for<br />
colour processing <strong>of</strong>ten include colour patches; see also<br />
cinex.(09.) {F= bande témoin; (sensi<strong>to</strong>); D= ?; Es= tira de<br />
control}.<br />
control track {E} * A series <strong>of</strong> equally spaced identical<br />
electronic "pulses" that are recorded on a videotape and<br />
used <strong>to</strong> synchronize <strong>the</strong> VTR machine. It is used as a<br />
playback reference and causes <strong>the</strong> video playback head<br />
<strong>to</strong> align itself with <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> each video track. One<br />
control track pulse occurs for each revolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head<br />
scanner. It is <strong>the</strong> electronic equivalent <strong>of</strong> an "electronic<br />
sprocket hole." {F= piste d'asservissement; D= ?; Es=<br />
pista [grabación] de control}.<br />
Control Au<strong>to</strong>mático de Frecuencia {Es} * see AFC {E}.<br />
Control Au<strong>to</strong>mático de Ganancia {Es} * see AGC {E}.<br />
controlado por menú {Es} * see menu-driven {E}.<br />
controlador de edi<strong>to</strong>r de vídeo {Es} * see back-space edi<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{E}.<br />
contrôle (de la) qualité (CQ) {F} * see quality control (QC)<br />
{E}.<br />
contrôle {F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r {D;E}.<br />
contrôle au<strong>to</strong>matique de fréquence {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
frequency control (afc) {E}.<br />
contrôle au<strong>to</strong>matique de gain {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic gain<br />
control (agc) {E}.<br />
contrôle au<strong>to</strong>matique de tension de la cible {F} * see<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic target control {E}.<br />
contrôle de lumière pendant tirage film sur papier {F} * see<br />
tape setting {E}.<br />
contrôle du gain d'entrée {F} * see ride {E}.<br />
convergence {E;F} * The intersecting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three pictures<br />
<strong>of</strong> which most colour video images are made. If <strong>the</strong> three<br />
do not properly converge <strong>the</strong>y produce blurred or haloed<br />
images, as when a white object appears <strong>to</strong> have coloured<br />
outlines.(35.) {F= convergent; D= ?; Es= convergencia}.<br />
convergencia {Es} * see convergence {E}.<br />
59<br />
convergencia au<strong>to</strong>mática {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong> framing {E}.<br />
conversion en caractères Romains {F} * see Romanization<br />
{E}.<br />
conversion rétrospective {F} * see retrospective conversion<br />
(RECON) {E}.<br />
conversión de la imagen {Es} * see image transform {E}.<br />
conversión retrospectiva {Es} * see retrospective<br />
conversion (RECON) {E}.<br />
convertidor Analógico a Digital {Es} * see DA {E}.<br />
convertidor de analógico a digital {Es} * see digital-<strong>to</strong>analogue<br />
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.<br />
convertidor de da<strong>to</strong>s analógicos en da<strong>to</strong>s numéricos {Es}<br />
* see analogue <strong>to</strong> digital converter (ad)(adc) {E}.<br />
convertidor de normas {Es} * see standards converter {E}.<br />
convertidor de resistencias ponderadas {Es} * see<br />
weighted resis<strong>to</strong>r converter {E}.<br />
convertidor digital a analógico de adaptación de elemen<strong>to</strong>s<br />
dinámicos {Es} * see dynamic element matching digital-<strong>to</strong>analogue<br />
converter {E}.<br />
Convertidor de Analógico a Digital {Es} * see Digital<br />
Analogue Converter {E}.<br />
Convertidor Digital a Analógico {Es} * see DAC {E}.<br />
convertisseur à résistance pondérée {F} * see weighted<br />
resis<strong>to</strong>r converter {E}.<br />
convertisseur analogique numérique {F} * see analogue <strong>to</strong><br />
digital converter (ad)(adc) {E}.<br />
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique {F} * see<br />
dynamic element matching digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue converter<br />
{E}.<br />
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique {F} * see<br />
dynamic element matching digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue converter<br />
{E}.<br />
convertisseur numérique analogique {F} * see Digital<br />
Analogue Converter {E}.<br />
convertisseur numérique-analogique {F} * see digital-<strong>to</strong>analogue<br />
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.<br />
cookie {E} * see cucolouris. {E}.<br />
cool and hot media {E} * Marshal McLuhan's term <strong>to</strong><br />
indicate <strong>the</strong> relative degree <strong>of</strong> audience involve-ment in<br />
varying media.(30.) {D= ?; Es= niveles de audiencia; F= ?}.<br />
cooperación {Es} * see co-operation/in association with<br />
coopération/en association avec {F} * see co-operation/in<br />
association with {E}.<br />
coordenadas de cromaticidad según normas CIE {Es} *<br />
see CIE chromaticity coordinates {E}.<br />
coordonnées chromatiques (normes CIE) {F} * see CIE<br />
chromaticity coordinates {E}.<br />
copeau {F} * see chip; swarf {E}.<br />
copia (de) espejo {Es} * see mirror master {E}.<br />
copia (positivo) por contac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see direct positive {E}.
copia {Es} * see copy; print {E}.<br />
copia coloide {Es} * see pigment print {E}.<br />
copia de consulta {Es} * see reference copy {E}.<br />
copia de explotación {Es} * see release print {E}.<br />
copia de montaje {Es} * see answer print {E}.<br />
copia de papel {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.<br />
copia de preservación {Es} * see preservation copy;<br />
preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
copia de primera generación (cinta de vídeo) {Es} * see<br />
camera original protection dupe videotape {E}.<br />
copia de referencia {Es} * see reference copy; reference<br />
print {E}.<br />
copia de seguridad {Es} * see backup copy; protection<br />
master (2); security copy {E}.<br />
copia de trabajo {Es} * see work print {E}.<br />
copia de un positivo original para tirar copias {Es} * see<br />
printing dupe {E}.<br />
copia de visionado {Es} * see viewing copy {E}.<br />
copia del negativo {Es} * see dupe negative {E}.<br />
copia del positivo {Es} * see dupe positive; print (1)(2){E}.<br />
copia en papel {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.<br />
copia estandar {Es} * see composite {E}.<br />
copia fo<strong>to</strong>gráfica {Es} * see copy print {E}.<br />
copia fresca {Es} * see green film {E}.<br />
copia humeda {Es} * see liquid gate printing {E}.<br />
copia húmeda . {Es} * see liquid gate printing {E}.<br />
copia inducida {Es} * see print-through {E}.<br />
copia master de protección {Es} * see protection master<br />
(1) {E}.<br />
copia matriz de seguridad {Es} * see safety master {E}.<br />
copia negativa {Es} * see copy negative {E}.<br />
copia óptica {Es} * see optical printing {E}.<br />
copia original {Es} * see original print {E}.<br />
copia original para tirar copias {Es} * see<br />
printing/duplicating master {E}.<br />
copia para consulta {Es} * see service copy {E}.<br />
copia por contac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see contact copy; contact paper;<br />
direct positive; contact print {E}.<br />
copia positiva {Es} * see positive copy {E}.<br />
copia positiva definitiva {Es} * see fine cut {E}.<br />
copia termográfica {Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmographic copy {E}.<br />
copia tipo {Es} * see married print {E}.<br />
copiadora {Es} * see printer (1) {E}.<br />
60<br />
copiadora de contac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see step printer {E}.<br />
copiados {Es} * see non-print materials {E}.<br />
copie .{F}. see dub .{E}.<br />
copie (distribution/commercialisation) {F} * see issue {E}.<br />
copie {F} * see copy; dub; dupe (duplicate); print {E}.<br />
copie contact {F} * see contact print {E}.<br />
copie d'écran {F} * see hardcopy {E}.<br />
copie d'essai {F} * see checkprint {E}.<br />
copie d'exploitation (standard ou de série) {F} * see<br />
release print {E}.<br />
copie d'utilisation {F} * see service copy {E}.<br />
copie de conservation (duplicatat de conservation) {F} *<br />
see preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
copie de conservation (qui remplace l'original) {F} * see<br />
preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
copie de conservation {F} * see preservation copy;<br />
preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
copie de dépôt (copyright) {F} * see deposit copy<br />
(copyright) {E}.<br />
copie de première génération {F} * see camera original<br />
protection dupe videotape {E}.<br />
copie de réference {F} * see reference copy; reference<br />
print {E}.<br />
copie de securité {F} * see backup copy; protection<br />
master; security copy {E}.<br />
copie de service {F} * see service duplicate {E}.<br />
copie de travail {F} * see work print {E}.<br />
copie de visionnement {F} * see viewing copy {E}.<br />
copie étalon {F} see answer print {E}.<br />
copie fraîche {F} * see green film {E}.<br />
copie négative .{F} see copy negative .{E}.<br />
copie négative {F} * see copy negative {E}.<br />
copie neuve {F} * see green film {E}.<br />
copie papier {F} * see hardcopy {E}.<br />
copie par contact {F} * see contact copy {E}.<br />
copie positive (non stabilisée) {F} * see green film {E}.<br />
copie positive {F} * see positive copy {E}.<br />
copie pour tirage {F} * see printing dupe; printing dupe<br />
videotape {E}.<br />
copie standard {F} * see composite; married print {E}.<br />
copie <strong>the</strong>rmographique {F} * see <strong>the</strong>rmographic copy {E}.<br />
copie tirée par contact {F} * see contact print {E}.<br />
copie zéro (copie étalon) {F} * see answer print; checkprint<br />
{E}.
copies {F} * see duping material {E}.<br />
copión {Es} * see rushes {E;F}.<br />
copis impresa {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.<br />
coproduction {F} * see co-production {E}.<br />
coproduction internationale {F} * see international coproduction<br />
{E}.<br />
coproduc<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see sponsor {E}.<br />
copulant {F} * see coupler {E}.<br />
copy {E} * A duplication <strong>of</strong> a document, which may, itself,<br />
be ei<strong>the</strong>r an original or a copy; <strong>the</strong> duplicate may be<br />
prepared simultaneously with or separately from <strong>the</strong><br />
creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item copied; <strong>the</strong> copy is usually identified by<br />
function or by method <strong>of</strong> creation, i.e., preservation<br />
transfer, contact copy.(22.23.12.) In archival moving-image<br />
cataloguing <strong>the</strong> term has been defined quite specifically <strong>to</strong><br />
mean 'an item which is a duplicate in every physical<br />
characteristic or which varies only in duration, and <strong>the</strong><br />
variation is minor'. 12. {D= Kopie; Abschrift; Es= copia; F=<br />
copie}.<br />
copy negative {E} * A copy negative, ei<strong>the</strong>r still- or movingimage,<br />
made by pho<strong>to</strong>graphing o<strong>the</strong>r pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
material. {D= ?; Es= copia negativa; F= négatif; copie<br />
négative}.<br />
copy print {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic print.10. {D= ?; Es= copia<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gráfica; F= tirage pho<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
copy status (generation) {E} * The collective name for<br />
terms used <strong>to</strong> differentiate original material and successive<br />
copies. The more generations away from <strong>the</strong> original<br />
source document an analogue copy is <strong>the</strong> greater will be<br />
<strong>the</strong> degradation in quality <strong>of</strong> image and/or sound; see also<br />
generation.(12.) {D= ?; Es= categoría de una copia<br />
[generación]; F= génération (statut de la copie)}.<br />
copyright {E;F} * The right vested by law in <strong>the</strong> crea<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />
a document, her/his/<strong>the</strong>ir heirs or assignees <strong>to</strong> publish or<br />
reproduce it or <strong>to</strong> authorize publication or reproduction<br />
<strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.22.23. {D= Copyright; Urheberrecht; Es=<br />
derechode propiedad intelectual; derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
droits d'auteur; propriété littéraire}.<br />
copyright deposit {E} * see deposit copy (copyright).<br />
copyright registration {E} * In <strong>the</strong> U.S., <strong>the</strong> public record <strong>of</strong><br />
ownership <strong>of</strong> copyright.(12.) {D= ?; Es= registro de los<br />
derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r; F= enregistrement de copyright}.<br />
Copyright {D} * see copyright {E;F}.<br />
coquille {F} * see head shell {E}.<br />
cordon de connexion {F} * see patch plug {E}.<br />
cordon de raccordement {F} * see patch cord {E}.<br />
cordón de alimentación {Es} * see power cord {E}.<br />
cordón de conmutación {Es} * see patch cord {E}.<br />
cordón de extensión y empalme {Es} * see patch cord {E}.<br />
cordón de interconexión {Es} * see patch cord {E}.<br />
cordón de transformación {Es} * see patch cord {E}.<br />
core {E} * 1) A cylindrical shaped object, usually metal or<br />
plastic, on which magnetic tape and film is wound for<br />
transport and s<strong>to</strong>rage. It may have flanges attached <strong>to</strong><br />
ensure that <strong>the</strong> film/tape wound around it does not slip <strong>of</strong>f.<br />
61<br />
Synonymous with hub. 2) The basic support or central<br />
layer <strong>of</strong> material in a laminated disc or cylinder; in lacquer<br />
discs, for example, it can be metal, glass, or fibre.(04.) {D=<br />
Kern; Bobby; Filmkern; Es= 1) obje<strong>to</strong> cilíndrico para<br />
enrollar cintas; 2) núcleo de un disco laminado;<br />
núcleoF/B= noyau; ; F= 1) noyau 2) âme; moyeu}.<br />
core set {E} * The tendency for strips <strong>of</strong> materials, such as<br />
film or tape, <strong>to</strong> remain curled after unwinding from a core,<br />
reel, or o<strong>the</strong>r cylindrical holder.01. {D= ?; Es= quedar en<br />
forma de rollo; F= déformation en enroulement}.<br />
corporación {Es} * see corporate body {E}.<br />
corporate body {E} * An organization or group <strong>of</strong> persons<br />
that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may<br />
act, as an entity.12. {D= ?; Es= corporación; F=<br />
corporation}.<br />
corporation {F} * see corporate body {E}.<br />
corrección de abertura {Es} * see aperture correction<br />
corrección de error {Es} * see error correction {E}.<br />
corrección de la caída de desprendimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see<br />
dropout correction {E}.<br />
corrección de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout<br />
correction {E}.<br />
corrección del color con circui<strong>to</strong>s electrónicos {Es} * see<br />
colour correction {E}.<br />
corrección del color mediante filtros {Es} * see colour<br />
corrección gamma {Es} * see gamma correction {E}.<br />
correcteur de base de temps {F} * see time-base correc<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{D;E}.<br />
correcteur de couleur {F} * see colour correc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
correction {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.<br />
correction code {E} * see cross interleave Reed-Solomon<br />
code.<br />
correction d'erreurs {F} * see error correction {E}.<br />
correction d'ouverture {F} * see aperture correction {E}.<br />
correction de con<strong>to</strong>ur {F} * see aperture correction {E}.<br />
correction de couleur {F} * see colour correction {E}.<br />
correction de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout correction<br />
{E}.<br />
correction de spectre sonore {F} * see loudness control<br />
{E}.<br />
correction filters {E} * In moving-image and pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
work, a screening device for portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light scale<br />
which accommodates <strong>the</strong> diverse sensitivities <strong>of</strong> various<br />
image capturing media (i.e., panchromatic film's high<br />
sensitivity <strong>to</strong> both ultraviolet and blue radiation) and<br />
overcomes <strong>the</strong> apparent lack and/or over abundance <strong>of</strong><br />
specific portion/s <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour chart, producing an image<br />
closer <strong>to</strong> that as seen by <strong>the</strong> human eye.(09.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
filtros correc<strong>to</strong>res [de corrección]; F= filtres de correction<br />
(chromatique)}.<br />
correc<strong>to</strong>r de base de tiempo {Es} * see time-base correc<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{D;E}.<br />
correc<strong>to</strong>r de color {Es} * see colour correc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.
corriente de (transferencia) de bits {Es} * see bit stream<br />
{E}.<br />
corriente de polarización {Es} * see bias {E}.<br />
corrimien<strong>to</strong> de colour {Es} * see bleed {E}.<br />
corrimien<strong>to</strong> del color {Es} * see bleed {E}.<br />
corrosion stain {E} * The stain left by rust.24. {D=<br />
Rostfleck; Es= mancha de herrumbre mancha de<br />
herrumbre [por corrosión]; F= rouille}.<br />
cortar {Es} * see truncate {E}.<br />
cortar al través {Es} * see cross-cut {E}.<br />
corte {Es} * see cut; notch {E}.<br />
corte de imagen en un negativo {Es} * see cropping {E}.<br />
corte de un lado a otro {Es} * see cutting through {E}.<br />
corte de una cámara a otra {Es} * see take (3) {D;E}.<br />
corte invisible {Es} * see match cut {E}.<br />
corte vertical {Es} * see vertical cut {E}.<br />
cortes de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.<br />
cortes de noticias de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.<br />
cortinilla {Es} * see wipe {E}.<br />
cor<strong>to</strong>metraje {Es} * see short {E}.<br />
coste de reemplazamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see replacement cost<br />
{E}.<br />
coste de sustitución {Es} * see replacement cost {E}.<br />
côté {F} * see edge {E}.<br />
côté mate {F} * see emulsion side {E}.<br />
côté mate {F} * see emulsion side {E}.<br />
couche anti-halo {F} * see backing {E}.<br />
couche d'émulsion {F} * see emulsion layer {E}.<br />
couche d'enregistrement {F} * see recording layer {E}.<br />
couche d'estampage {F} * see stamping foil {E}.<br />
couche de protection {F} * see protective layer {E}.<br />
couche dorsale {F} * see back coating {E}.<br />
couche gravée {F} * see coating {E}.<br />
couche magnétique {F} * see coating {E}.<br />
couleur {F} * see colour {E}.<br />
couleur d'image {F} * see image colour {E}.<br />
couleur par soustraction {F} * see subtractive colour {E}.<br />
couleurs primaires additives {F} * see additive colour {E}.<br />
couleurs primaires soustractives {F} * see subtractive<br />
colour {E}.<br />
couleurs secondaires {F} * see secondary colours {E}.<br />
couloir {F} * see channel; gate {E}.<br />
62<br />
countercurrent wash {E} * In film processing, rinse water<br />
that is flowing through several interconnected tanks in <strong>the</strong><br />
opposite direction <strong>to</strong> that in which <strong>the</strong> film is travelling. The<br />
inlet pipe is usually situated near <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tank<br />
and <strong>the</strong> overflow at <strong>the</strong> water line near <strong>the</strong> film entrance<br />
area.(09.) {D= ?; Es= lavado de contracorriente; F=<br />
lavage; rinçage à contre-courant}.<br />
counterfeit {E} * The unauthorized duplication <strong>of</strong> both <strong>the</strong><br />
sound, or picture and sound, and <strong>the</strong> associated original<br />
artwork, label, trademark, and packaging <strong>of</strong> a legitimate<br />
sound recording, still- or moving-image production; see<br />
also piracy; bootleg. {D= ?; Es= falsificado; falsificación;<br />
F= contrefaçon; contrefait}.<br />
country <strong>of</strong> origin {E} * The nation or nations where <strong>the</strong><br />
principal <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> production company (or companies)<br />
<strong>of</strong> an audiovisual production are located.(12.) {D=<br />
Ursprungsland; Herkunftsland; Es= país de origen; F=<br />
pays d'origine}.<br />
country <strong>of</strong> production {E} * see country <strong>of</strong> origin.<br />
coup de gouge {F} * see gouge {E}.<br />
coupe {F} * see cut; slitting {E}.<br />
coupe de montage {F} * see cut editing {E}.<br />
coupe en travers * see cross-cut {E}.<br />
coupe sêche {F} * see cut {E}.<br />
coupe sêche {F} * see cut {E}.<br />
coupe-flux {F} * see barn doors {E}.<br />
couper {F} * see cut {E}.<br />
couplage {F} * see interlock {E}.<br />
couplage de pixels {F} * see pixel pairing {E}.<br />
couplagé {E} * see interlock {E}.<br />
coupler {E} * A chemical incorporated in <strong>the</strong> emulsion <strong>of</strong><br />
colour film s<strong>to</strong>cks which produces a dye image associated<br />
with <strong>the</strong> developed silver image.09. {D= Kuppler; Es=<br />
acoplador; componente; F= copulant}.<br />
coupure {F} * see cut {E}.<br />
coupure {F} * see cut {E}.<br />
coupure non sensible {F} * see match cut {E}.<br />
courbe caractéristique {F} * see characteristic curve {E}.<br />
courbe caractéristique pondérée {F} * see weighting<br />
characteristic {E}.<br />
courbe d'hystérésis {F} * see hysteresis loop {E}.<br />
courbe de densité spectrale des colorants {F} * see<br />
spectral dye density curve {E}.<br />
courbe de sensibilité spectrale {F} * see spectral sensitivity<br />
curve {E}.<br />
courbe de transfert de modulation {F} * see modulationtransfer<br />
curve {E}.<br />
courbe H et D {F} * see H&D curve {E}.<br />
courbe Nab {F} * see NAB curve {E}.<br />
courbe sensi<strong>to</strong>métrique {F} * see characteristic curve; H&D<br />
curve {E}.
courbe temps-gamma {F} * see time-gamma curve {E}.<br />
courbure .{F}. see curl/curling .{E}.<br />
courbure {F} * see curl/curling {E}.<br />
courbure longitudinale {F} * see longitudinal curvature {E}.<br />
courroie de transmission {F} * see belt {E}.<br />
cours {F} * see fair market value {E}.<br />
court extrait {F} * see clips {E}.<br />
court métrage {F} * see short {E}.<br />
coût de remplacement {F} * see replacement cost {E}.<br />
couverture nationale {F} * see domestic record {E}.<br />
couverture nationale {F} * see domestic record {E}.<br />
cover {E} * The outer protective housing <strong>of</strong> containers for<br />
materials (i.e., Lp record jackets). {D= Cover; Hülle;<br />
Umschlag; Plattentasche; Außenhülle; Es= cubierta<br />
cover shot {E} * see master shot.<br />
Cover {D} * see cover; slipcase {E}.<br />
cover; F= craquelure}.<br />
Covertext {D} * see liner notes {E}.<br />
CPI {E} * acronym for characters per inch.<br />
CPS {E} * acronym for cycles per second; see also Hertz.<br />
CPU {E} * acronym for central processing unit.<br />
CR {E} * acronym for created roll.<br />
crack; cracking {E} * 1) Commonly used defect term for<br />
audiovisual media, refers <strong>to</strong> a complete fissure through <strong>the</strong><br />
entire recording surface, visible on both sides <strong>of</strong> disc and<br />
cylinder recordings, and will cause noticeable dis<strong>to</strong>rtion or<br />
faulty tracking in data retrieval. A patina crack is a smaller<br />
fissure which does not penetrate through <strong>the</strong> data surface,<br />
but probably causes a break in <strong>the</strong> modulated groove <strong>of</strong><br />
grooved materials.04. 2) In magnetic tape recording, a<br />
narrow, deep break in <strong>the</strong> head surface material.07. {D=<br />
Riss; Es= grieta; F= craquelure}.<br />
cracking {Es} * see crackle {E}.<br />
crackle {E} * The dis<strong>to</strong>rted sound created usually because<br />
<strong>of</strong> a buildup <strong>of</strong> electrostatic charge on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sound recording, but, also, because <strong>of</strong> dust or foreign<br />
material permanently embedded in <strong>the</strong> grooves, or on <strong>the</strong><br />
surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape.04. {D= Kracks; Es= crujido; F= ?}.<br />
cradle {E} * A rack or stand that supports materials for<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm-ing in a position so that pages or leaves are<br />
open flat and parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> focal plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera.(07.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= cuna; F= berceau (fixation des micr<strong>of</strong>ilms);<br />
support d'objectif; berceau}.<br />
crane shot {E} * As <strong>the</strong> phrase indicates, a shot taken from<br />
a crane, which resembles <strong>the</strong> 'cherry-pickers' used by <strong>the</strong><br />
telephone and electric company <strong>to</strong> repair lines.30. {D= ?;<br />
Es= <strong>to</strong>ma desde una grúa; F= plan grue}.<br />
crank handle {E} * The device used <strong>to</strong> wind <strong>the</strong> driving<br />
spring on a spring powered machine. {D= Kurbel; Es=<br />
mango de manivela; F= manivelle}.<br />
craquelado {Es} * see crazing {E}.<br />
craquelé {F} * see crazing {E}.<br />
63<br />
craquelure {F} * see crack; cracking {E}.<br />
craquement {F} * see crackle {E}.<br />
Crawford UV moni<strong>to</strong>r type 760 {E} * A light moni<strong>to</strong>r which<br />
measures <strong>the</strong> proportion <strong>of</strong> ultraviolet radiation <strong>to</strong> visible<br />
light coming from a light source; see also UV moni<strong>to</strong>r. {D=<br />
?; Es= medidor de ultravioleta modelo Crawford 760; F=<br />
appareil de mesure UV Crawford type 760}.<br />
crazing {E} * The deformation <strong>of</strong> a surface, such as <strong>the</strong><br />
coating layer <strong>of</strong> a laminated disc or film, through cracking;<br />
can be caused by loss <strong>of</strong> plasticizer, by excess heat and/or<br />
humidity, etc.04. {D= Zerreissen; Es= craquelado; F=<br />
craquelé}.<br />
CRC {E} * acronym for cyclic redundancy check character.<br />
creación de frecuencias no deseadas {Es} * see aliasing<br />
(1) {E}.<br />
crease {E} * 1) A film or tape deformity remaining after a<br />
fold has been corrected. 2) The image degradation<br />
resulting from such damage.(06.) {D= Banddeformation;<br />
Es= 1) pliegue; 2) daño hecho a una imagen; arrugas; F=<br />
1) plis 2) barre; déformation due à l'enroulement}.<br />
created roll (CR) {E} * Commonly used designa<strong>to</strong>r in<br />
bibliographic listing for audio and moving-images<br />
(discographies, filmographies) <strong>to</strong> indicate that a named<br />
performer was <strong>the</strong> first performer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work cited.(04.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= registro []grabación] de los intérpretes<br />
principales; F= liste de premiers interprètes}.<br />
credit sequence {E} * In a moving-image production <strong>the</strong><br />
sequences or succession <strong>of</strong> frames or images upon which<br />
titles and cast/credit functions --<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong><br />
persons performing those function-- are placed. Credit<br />
sequences may occur before, during, and/or after <strong>the</strong> main<br />
action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> production.(12.) {D= ?; Es= títulos de crédi<strong>to</strong>;<br />
F= générique}.<br />
crédi<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see credits {E}.<br />
credits {E;F} * 1) In its broadest sense, <strong>the</strong> audible or<br />
visible recognition, ei<strong>the</strong>r on <strong>the</strong> carrier or on<br />
accompanying materials (covers, inserts, etc.) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
identities <strong>of</strong> those responsible for <strong>the</strong> performance and/or<br />
production. 2) In moving-image production a broad<br />
distinction is made between cast and credits by defining<br />
cast as those in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera, or performers in a<br />
musical production, and credits as those behind <strong>the</strong><br />
camera.(12.) {D= Namensvorspann; Es= crédi<strong>to</strong>s; ficha<br />
artística; ficha artística; F= générique}.<br />
creep {E} * 1) The physical deformation <strong>of</strong> disc recordings<br />
due <strong>to</strong> continuous load pressure ei<strong>the</strong>r from improper<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage or from <strong>the</strong> force <strong>of</strong> gravity; resulting in both<br />
surface imprint from packaging materials, which can impair<br />
fidelity by <strong>the</strong> deformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove walls, and disc<br />
warpage. 2) In magnetic tape, time dependent strain (such<br />
as curling or longitudinal curvature) at constant stress<br />
causing tape deformation; creep remains even after<br />
removal <strong>of</strong> tension; caused by improper winding and<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage.04. 3) The movement <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape past <strong>the</strong><br />
head at a speed different from normal.(10.) {D= 1) ?; 2) ?;<br />
3) Schlupf; Es= deformación de las cintas con grabaciones<br />
debidas a la presión y la tensión; F= glissement; (creeping<br />
: flottement)}.<br />
creeping : flottement {F} * see creep {E}.<br />
crénelage {F} * see aliasing {E}.<br />
crepitación {Es} * see chatter {E}.<br />
crépitement {F} * see crackle {E}.
crépitement {F} * see crackle {E}.<br />
cresta {Es} * see peak {E}.<br />
cresta del blanco {Es} * see peak white {E}.<br />
crête {F} * see peak {E}.<br />
crête de blanc {F} * see peak white {E}.<br />
CRI {E} * acronym for 1) colour reversal intermediate film;<br />
2) colour reversal internegative.<br />
crissement {F} * see squeal; tape squeal {E}.<br />
critales polarizados {Es} * see polarized glasses {E}.<br />
crochet {F} * see hanger (?) {E}.<br />
croma (nivel de color) {Es} * see chroma {E}.<br />
cromaticidad {Es} * see chromaticity {E}.<br />
cromatismo {Es} * see chromaticity {E}.<br />
crominancia {Es} * see chrominance {E}.<br />
crónica especial {Es} * see feature (2); feed nut (2) {E}.<br />
cronometrador (operario) {Es} * see timer (2) {E}.<br />
crop {E} * 1) To trim <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> a picture by moving <strong>the</strong><br />
camera closer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject. 2) To trim a pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> desired aspect ration; see also cropping.(10.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= recortar; F= découpe; recadrage; <strong>to</strong>ndre}.<br />
cropping {E} * printing only <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image that<br />
appears in <strong>the</strong> negative; <strong>the</strong> original pho<strong>to</strong>graph is not<br />
physically altered. Cropping marks and instructions are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten written directly on prints.(43.) {D= ?; Es= corte de<br />
imagen en un negativo; F= dé<strong>to</strong>urage}.<br />
cross hatch {E} * A video test signal that displays<br />
horizontal and vertical lines that can be used <strong>to</strong> determine<br />
if a video moni<strong>to</strong>r is dis<strong>to</strong>rting <strong>the</strong> video image. Also called<br />
linearity, such dis<strong>to</strong>rtion might include pin cushioning and<br />
keys<strong>to</strong>ning which are caused by misalignment <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> video<br />
picture tube. cross pulse. A video moni<strong>to</strong>r display that<br />
shows both <strong>the</strong> horizontal and vertical blanking periods.<br />
also known as Pulse Cross. {D= ?; Es= trama cruzada; F=<br />
mire de dis<strong>to</strong>rsion}.<br />
cross-cut {E} * In moving-image productions, intermingling<br />
<strong>the</strong> shots <strong>of</strong> two or more scenes <strong>to</strong> suggest parallel<br />
action.30. {D= ?; Es= cortar al través; F= montage alterné;<br />
coupe en travers}.<br />
cross-head {E} * A small metal part on a cylinder<br />
reproducer or recorder, in <strong>the</strong> main those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Edison<br />
Co., which was glued <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> centre diaphragm or passed<br />
through a hole in its center. It had a small eye for <strong>the</strong> wire<br />
link connec<strong>to</strong>r from <strong>the</strong> stylus bar.(14.) {D= ?; Es= pieza<br />
metálica en los cilindros desarrollados por Edison; F=<br />
fixation de diaphragme}.<br />
cross-interleave Reed-Solomon code (CIRC) {E} * An error<br />
correction code developed for CDs which makes it<br />
possible for a CD machine <strong>to</strong> detect and correct and/or<br />
conceal large burst errors <strong>of</strong> up <strong>to</strong> 4,000 bits/12,304 data<br />
bits (2.5-mm <strong>of</strong> track); see also error correction.(10.) {D=<br />
?; Es= código Reed-Solomon de corrección de errores en<br />
discos compac<strong>to</strong>s; F= code Reed-Solomon à<br />
entrelacement croisé}.<br />
cross-linking {E} * In polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) <strong>the</strong> binding<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> adjacent chain molecules by primary valence<br />
bonds which is manifested by embrittlement, warping and<br />
cracking; usually caused by exposure <strong>to</strong> ultraviolet light or<br />
<strong>to</strong> heat.(04.) {D= ?; Es= entrecruzamien<strong>to</strong>; F= réticulation}.<br />
64<br />
cross-modulation test (cross mod) {E} * A test method for<br />
determining <strong>the</strong> optimum print requirements for a vari-able<br />
area soundtrack.09. {D= ?; Es= prueba de modulación<br />
cruzada; F= test d'intermodulation}.<br />
crosslighting {E} * see key light.<br />
crossover {E} * In multiple loudspeaker systems a circuit<br />
employing electrical network filters <strong>of</strong> frequency<br />
discriminating paths for routing high, low, and in some<br />
elaborate systems, middle frequen-cies <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> particular<br />
speakers designed <strong>to</strong> handle <strong>the</strong>m.16. {D=<br />
Frequenzweiche; Es= cruce; pasadizo ocul<strong>to</strong>; pase<br />
volante; F= recouvrement; passe-volante}.<br />
crosstalk {E} * 1) Undesired signal appearing on one<br />
channel as result <strong>of</strong> leakage from ano<strong>the</strong>r channel. 2) In<br />
magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> leakage <strong>of</strong> signal from one track <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r.(04.16.39.) {D= Übersprechen; Es= diafonía; F=<br />
diaphonie; répliques}.<br />
CRT {E;Es} * acronym for cathode ray tube. {D= ?; Es=<br />
abreviatura de Tubo de Rayos Catódicos; F= tube à<br />
rayons cathodiques (TRC)}.<br />
cruce {Es} * see crossover {E}.<br />
cruce de impulsos {Es} * see pulse cross {E}.<br />
crujido {Es} * see crackle {E}.<br />
crystal mic/mike {E} * An inexpensive pressure type<br />
piezoelectric microphone employing natural salt crystals -<br />
usually rochelle salt - as <strong>the</strong> element for converting sound<br />
<strong>to</strong> electrical energy. Character-ized by high impedance and<br />
sensitivity, coupled with pro-nounced susceptibility <strong>to</strong><br />
permanent damage from heat, humidity extremes, and<br />
mechanical shock. Now largely replaced by ceramic types<br />
for <strong>the</strong> same general uses.16. {D= Kristallmikrophon; Es=<br />
micrófono de cristal; F= microphone/micro à cristal;<br />
piézoélectrique}.<br />
cuadrafónico {Es} * see quadraphonic, quadrophonic {E}.<br />
cuadrícula {Es} * see raster {E}.<br />
cuadro {Es} * see frame {E}.<br />
cuadro de cámara {Es} * see field (4) {E}.<br />
cuadro de color {Es} * see colour framing {E}.<br />
cuadro rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.<br />
cuadro sinóptico {Es} * see summary {E}.<br />
cuádruple {Es} * see quad {E}; quadruplex {E;F}.<br />
cuadruplex {Es} * see quadruplex {E;F}.<br />
cualidad de archivo {Es} * see archival quality {E}.<br />
cualquier banda grabada {Es} * see cut (1) {E}.<br />
cualquiera de sus sales {Es} * see bromide (2) {E}.<br />
cuantificación {Es} * see quantization {E}.<br />
cuar<strong>to</strong> de pista {Es} * see quarter-track {E}.<br />
cuar<strong>to</strong> oscuro {Es} * see darkroom {E}.<br />
cube {E} * A light prism in a video camera used <strong>to</strong> split <strong>the</strong><br />
incoming light image in<strong>to</strong> separate colours. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cubo prismático; F= (prisme) cube}.<br />
cubierta {Es} * see cabinet (1) {E}.<br />
cubo prismático {Es} * see cube {E}.
cubo tipo NAB {Es} * see NAB hub {E}.<br />
cucolouris {E} * An opaque material having a cu<strong>to</strong>ut which<br />
will allow light <strong>to</strong> pass through <strong>the</strong> cu<strong>to</strong>ut area in order <strong>to</strong><br />
project a form, such as a cloud formation on <strong>the</strong> scenery<br />
or cyclorama <strong>of</strong> a film, <strong>the</strong>ater, or video production stage.<br />
also known as cukes or cookie. {D= ?; Es= máscara de<br />
sombras; material opaco que mediante una luz proyecta<br />
la sensación de imágenes; F= ?; cocoloris; cache;masque<br />
à ombres; écran perforé}.<br />
cue {E} * An audible or visual signal given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> talent in<br />
a video or audio production that <strong>the</strong>y should commence<br />
<strong>the</strong> proper action. In video productions, <strong>the</strong> cue is normally<br />
relayed by <strong>the</strong> studio stage manager from <strong>the</strong> Program<br />
Direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Talent. {D= ?; Es= apunte; aviso; F= repère<br />
de positionnement; <strong>to</strong>p; marque}.<br />
cue card {E} * In video productions, <strong>the</strong> desired script or<br />
messages may be printed on cards <strong>to</strong> assist <strong>the</strong> talent in<br />
recalling <strong>the</strong>ir lines. {D= ?; Es= guión impreso en ficha; F=<br />
"nègre" : tableau noir; pense-bête}.<br />
cue marks {E} * Marking, usually circles, in <strong>the</strong> upper right<br />
hand corner <strong>of</strong> motion picture film frames used <strong>to</strong> indicate<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> a reel; also known as run-up.(10.) {D=<br />
Markierung; Zeichen; Es= marca; señal; F= marques de<br />
changement de bobine; marque}.<br />
cue point {E} * In editing <strong>of</strong> audio and video, <strong>the</strong> cue point<br />
is <strong>the</strong> desired location for an edit <strong>to</strong> occur. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de partida para revisar (audio y vídeo); F= point de<br />
montage; point de calage}.<br />
cue track {E} * 1) The track containing information relating<br />
<strong>to</strong> production requirements.06. 2) In some older video<br />
editing system, <strong>the</strong> cue track was utilized by recorded a<br />
signal pulse <strong>to</strong> indicate <strong>the</strong> edit cue locations. {D= Cue-<br />
Spur; Steuer-Spur; Es= pista que señala pun<strong>to</strong>s editados;<br />
pista de ordenes; F= piste pilote; piste de synchronisation;<br />
piste de repérage des points d'édition; piste d'ordre}.<br />
Cue-Spur {D} * see cue track {E}.<br />
cuerpo de entrada (catálogo) {Es} * see body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entry<br />
{E}.<br />
cukes {E} * see cucolouris. {D= ?; Es= contracción de<br />
“cucoloris” (véase); F= caches perforés à projete}.<br />
cuna {Es} * see cradle {E}.<br />
cupping {E} * see curl.<br />
curado {Es} * see curing {E}.<br />
curing {E} * A manufacturing process whereby blank<br />
lacquer discs were gradually cooled by placing <strong>the</strong>m in a<br />
temperature controlled environment <strong>to</strong> achieve a uniform<br />
hardness and flat even surface. Such 'green' and 'unripe'<br />
discs were s<strong>to</strong>red in such a way so as <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> thinner<br />
on <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> evaporate properly.(04.) {D= ?; Es= curado; F=<br />
guérison}.<br />
curl/curling {E} * Longitudinal curvature <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape<br />
or motion picture film pack, usually caused by <strong>the</strong><br />
difference in properties between <strong>the</strong> base and <strong>the</strong> coating<br />
which react separately <strong>to</strong> heat, humidity, or simple ageing.<br />
This can cause improper contact between <strong>the</strong> tape and <strong>the</strong><br />
playback heads leading <strong>to</strong> signal loss. It can also cause<br />
cracking or flaking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating. Curl <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> emulsion<br />
side is referred <strong>to</strong> as 'positive curl'; <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> base<br />
side is 'ne-gative curl'; also known as cupping; see also<br />
edge fluting.(09.04.) {D= Kräuseln; wellig werden; Es=<br />
ondulación; F= ondulation; courbure}.<br />
curling {E} * see curl.<br />
65<br />
current records {E} * Records regularly used for <strong>the</strong><br />
conduct <strong>of</strong> current business <strong>of</strong> an agency or institution and<br />
which, <strong>the</strong>refore, continue <strong>to</strong> be maintained in <strong>the</strong>ir place<br />
<strong>of</strong> origin. In Canadian usage, active records.22.23. {D=<br />
laufende Akten; lebende Registratur; Es= documen<strong>to</strong>s<br />
activos; F= archives courantes; archives d'actualités}.<br />
cur<strong>to</strong>sis {Es} * see kur<strong>to</strong>sis {E}.<br />
curva característica {Es} * see characteristic curve {E}.<br />
curva d log h {Es} * see d log h curve {E}.<br />
curva de densidad del espectro de color {Es} * see<br />
spectral dye density curve {E}.<br />
curva de sensibilidad espectral {Es} * see spectral<br />
sensitivity curve {E}.<br />
curva de tiempo gamma {Es} * see time-gamma curve {E}.<br />
curva de transferencia de modulación {Es} * see<br />
modulation-transfer curve {E}.<br />
curva H y D {Es} * see H&D curve {E}.<br />
curva NAB {Es} * acrónimo de Asociación Nacional de<br />
Radiodifusores de EEUU) {Es} * see NAB curve {E}.<br />
curvatura {Es} * see warp {E}.<br />
curvatura de la cinta (sobre la cabeza) {Es} * see<br />
wraparound {E}.<br />
curvatura inferior de la curva gamma de una emulsión {Es}<br />
* see <strong>to</strong>e {E}.<br />
curvatura longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal curvature {E}.<br />
curve {E} * see charac-teristic curve; content curve.<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>dia {Es} * see cus<strong>to</strong>dy {E}.<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>dia {Es} * see cus<strong>to</strong>dy {E}.<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>dy {E} * The basic responsibility for guardianship <strong>of</strong><br />
records/archives based upon <strong>the</strong>ir physical possession but<br />
not necessarily implying legal title.22.23. {D= Verwah-rung;<br />
Es= cus<strong>to</strong>dia, conservación; F= conservation}.<br />
cut {E} * 1) Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> separate bands on a recording. 2)<br />
To edit a tape or film. 3) To make a disc recording. 4) To<br />
change from one picture <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r in a moving-image<br />
production. 5) A woodcut. 6) An engraved block or plate for<br />
printing. 7) A portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded surface <strong>of</strong> a disc<br />
recording separate by a marker space or scroll (increased<br />
groove pitch <strong>to</strong> mark <strong>the</strong> separation <strong>of</strong> two successive<br />
bands <strong>of</strong> recordings), and containing a rill, or linking<br />
groove; also known as band; selection.(04.10.) 8) The<br />
instantaneous transition from one video scene <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
sync. {D= Schnitt; Es= corte; 1) cualquier banda grabada;<br />
2) editar; 3) grabar un disco; 4) cambio de imágenes<br />
[secuencias]; 5) xilografía; 6) cliché; 7) selección de<br />
bandas; F= couper; monter; coupure; coupe; coupe sêche;<br />
section}.<br />
cut editing {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> editing magnetic tape carried<br />
out by <strong>the</strong> actual cutting and splicing <strong>of</strong> tape.(06.) {D=<br />
mechanischer Schnitt; Es= montaje [por corte fisico]; F=<br />
coupe de montage}.<br />
cut par éblouissement {F} * see blanking shutter {E}.<br />
cut-away {E} * A shot inserted in a moving-image<br />
production scene <strong>to</strong> show action at ano<strong>the</strong>r location; see<br />
also reaction shot.30. {D= ?; Es= separar cortando; F=<br />
plan de coupe}.<br />
cut-<strong>of</strong>f-frequency {E} * The frequency at which a filter
effectively attenuates.39. {D= ?; Es= frecuencia de<br />
desconexión; F= fréquence de coupure}.<br />
cutter {E} * see edi<strong>to</strong>r; recorder.<br />
Cutter {D} * see edi<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
cutting stylus {E} * see stylus.<br />
cutting through {E} * A defect term referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> stylus<br />
cutting through <strong>the</strong> coating and in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base material <strong>of</strong> a<br />
grooved recording.(04.) {D= ?; Es= corte de un lado a otro;<br />
F= défaut de coupe}.<br />
cyan {E;F} * Blue-green colour, <strong>the</strong> complement <strong>of</strong> red or<br />
<strong>the</strong> minus-red subtractive primary used in three-colour film<br />
processes.(09.) {D= blaugrün; Es= color azul-verde}.<br />
cyc light {E} * TV studio light fixtures arranged in strips <strong>to</strong><br />
illuminate a cyclorama; also known as strip light. {D= ?;<br />
Es= luz para iluminar cicloramas; F= éclairage du<br />
cyclorama}.<br />
cycle {E;F} * A complete sequence <strong>of</strong> a wave form that<br />
repeats at regular intervals.39. {D= Schwingung; Zyklus;<br />
Es= ciclo}.<br />
cycles per second {E} * see Hertz.<br />
cyclic redundancy check code (CRCC) {E} * An error<br />
detection code that is recorded with <strong>the</strong> original<br />
information at a specified interval; used in CD sub-code<br />
data; see also error correction.39. {D= ?; Es= código de<br />
comprobación de la redundancia cíclica; F= code de<br />
contrôle par redondance cyclique}.<br />
cyclorama (CYC) {E;F} * A semicircular or U-shaped<br />
hanging for a TV studio background. {D= ?; Es=<br />
ciclorama}.<br />
cylinder {E;F} * 1) A hollow, tube shaped object. 2) The<br />
audio recording format invented and patented by Thomas<br />
Edison in 1877/78. Originally made <strong>of</strong> a sheet <strong>of</strong> tin foil<br />
wrapped around grooved metal (<strong>the</strong> signal was embossed<br />
in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> foil), <strong>the</strong>n wax, and later celluloid. Playing time<br />
lasted from two <strong>to</strong> four-plus minutes depending on <strong>the</strong><br />
playback speed and threads or grooves per inch. Most<br />
makes <strong>of</strong> cylinders had grooves which threaded lefthanded<br />
when looked at from <strong>the</strong> heavier end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cylinder, and were tracked from left <strong>to</strong> right when viewed<br />
from <strong>the</strong> front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> record/playback machine. The inside<br />
was usually ribbed and slightly tapered <strong>to</strong> grip <strong>the</strong> mandrel,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> general dimensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> standard cylinder were<br />
4½-inches in length, 2¼-inches in external diameter, and<br />
a tapered internal diameter from 1#- <strong>to</strong> 1#-inches. The<br />
first solid wax Edison cylinders were described in his<br />
December 14, 1887, British patent, and had a taper bore<br />
and were made <strong>of</strong> a wax-like material on a core <strong>of</strong> plaster<br />
<strong>of</strong> Paris or similar materials. The first commercial use <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> cylinder recording is thought <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> cylinders used<br />
in Edison talking dolls. 3) Edison literature sometimes<br />
refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mandrel as a cylinder; see also Amberol<br />
cylinder; black wax cylinder; Blue Amberol cylinder; brown<br />
wax cylinder; concert cylinder; Gold Molded {sic!}cylinder;<br />
Royal Purple Amberol Record; standard cylinder; talking<br />
doll; white wax cylinder.(04.07.14.) 4) A term sometimes<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mandrel in some Edison publications.(14.)<br />
{D= 1 & 2) Zylinder; 3) Konus; Es= cilindro}.<br />
cylinder machine {E} * In sound recordings, <strong>the</strong> machine<br />
which records and/or plays <strong>the</strong> cylinder. {D= Zylinder-<br />
Phonograph; Zylinder-Spieler; Es= cilindro (gramófono);<br />
F= lecteur/enregistreur de cylindres}.<br />
cylinder mould {E} * In sound recording, <strong>the</strong> part used <strong>to</strong><br />
mass produce cylinder recordings, with moulded cylinder<br />
being introduced by Edison with his Gold Molded<br />
{sic!}cylinder patent <strong>of</strong> 1900, and <strong>the</strong> first moulded<br />
66<br />
cylinders being <strong>of</strong>fered in 1902.(14.) {D= ?; Es= molde<br />
para hacer cilindros; F= moulage de cylindre}.<br />
cylindre de cire {F} * see wax cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindre de cire blanc {F} * see white wax cylinders {E}.<br />
cylindre de cire brun {F} * see brown wax cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindre de cire noire {F} * see black wax cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindre deux minutes {F} * see two-minute cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindre poupée parlante {F} * see talking doll record {E}.<br />
cylindre quatre minutes {F} * see four-minute cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindre standard {F} * see standard cylinder {E}.<br />
cylindres concert {F} * see concert cylinders {D;E}.<br />
cylindrical lens {E} * An optical component used in some<br />
optical pickups <strong>to</strong> create an elliptical pattern through<br />
astigmatism in order <strong>to</strong> generate a focusing signal.39. {D=<br />
?; Es= lentes [objetivo] cilíndricas; F= lentille cylindrique}.<br />
d ---<br />
d log e curve {E} * see characteristic curve.<br />
d log h curve {E} * In film production, <strong>the</strong> curve showing<br />
<strong>the</strong> relation between <strong>the</strong> logarithm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exposure and <strong>the</strong><br />
resultant density d on pro-cessed film; see also<br />
characteristic curve.(09.) {D= ?; Es= curva d log h; F=<br />
caractéristique (pho<strong>to</strong>)}.<br />
d'actualités? {F} * see current records {E}.<br />
D-1 {D;E;Es;F} * A Component digital videotape cassette<br />
format currently utilized mostly for high-quality postproduction<br />
work in <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> image compositing and<br />
computer graphics. When introduced in 1986, <strong>the</strong> D-1 was<br />
<strong>the</strong> first true digital machine and was intended for <strong>the</strong> all<br />
digital environment. Enclosed in three different sized<br />
cassettes, <strong>the</strong> tape is 19 mm wide and records four digital<br />
audio tracks plus time code and a cue audio track. The<br />
digital audio cannot be played when <strong>the</strong> tape is running at<br />
anything o<strong>the</strong>r than normal play speed. In order <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r<br />
where <strong>the</strong> tape is with respect <strong>to</strong> audio, <strong>the</strong> digital audio is<br />
also recorded as an analogue signal on <strong>the</strong> cue track<br />
which enables manual cuing. D-1 was replaced in 1988 by<br />
D-2. {Es= forma<strong>to</strong> de una cinta de vídeo digital}.<br />
D-2 {D;E;Es;F} * In 1988, <strong>the</strong> D-2 format was introduced.<br />
It is a 19 mm composite digital format that accepts<br />
analogue inputs and is capable <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r analogue or<br />
digital outputs. The D-2 machine uses <strong>the</strong> same type and<br />
size <strong>of</strong> cassettes as <strong>the</strong> D-1 but with a different oxide<br />
coating. The oxide is different in order <strong>to</strong> accommodate<br />
both analogue and digital recordings. {Es= cinta de vídeo<br />
de 19 mm de entrada analógica}<br />
D-3 {D;E;Es;F} * In 1992, Panasonic introduced <strong>the</strong> D-3<br />
format. It is a composite digital format that accepts<br />
analogue or digital inputs and is capable <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
analogue or digital outputs. The tape is ½" wide and<br />
records digital video and four digital audio tracks. The<br />
cassettes are available in three sizes, 50 minutes, 90<br />
minutes, and 180 minutes. An additional cassette was also<br />
produced which used a thinner tape that allowed recording<br />
times <strong>of</strong> 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 240 minutes. There<br />
are also longitudinal tracks for time code, control track and<br />
an analogue audio cue track. Its composition is 1500 Oe<br />
metal powder tape 13 um thick which is a high coercivity<br />
tape. A high degree <strong>of</strong> efficiency and economy is achieved<br />
by using azimuth recording which requires no guard band<br />
between tracks. {Es= cinta de vídeo de entrada analógica
o digital}.<br />
D-4 {E} * As a point <strong>of</strong> clarification only. D-4 does not exist,<br />
because <strong>the</strong> Japanese view <strong>the</strong> number 4 as unlucky.<br />
D-5 {E} * An uncompressed digital component format<br />
presented by Panasonic in 1993. It features<br />
uncompressed, 10-bit component recording and can play<br />
back D-3 recorded tapes. {Es= forma<strong>to</strong> digital no<br />
comprimido}.<br />
D-6 {E} * Introduced by BTS, D-6 is <strong>the</strong> first videotape<br />
format capable <strong>of</strong> recording a full 1.2 Gb/s high-definition<br />
signal in an uncompressed form. {Es= cinta de vídeo de<br />
alta capacidad de grabación}.<br />
D-A {E;Es} * acronym for digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue. {D= ?; Es=<br />
acrónimo de Digital a Analógico; F= N-A}.<br />
d-max {E} * see maximum density.<br />
DA {E} * see D-A {E}.<br />
DAC {E;Es} * acronym for digital analogue converter. {D=<br />
?; Es= acrónimo de Convertidor Digital a Analógico; F=<br />
CNA}.<br />
Daguerreotype {D;E;Es;F} * A means, invented in 1833 by<br />
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (1789-1851), <strong>of</strong> making a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image on a copper plate coated with a lightsensitive<br />
layer <strong>of</strong> silver. The earliest Daguerreotypes are<br />
unique in that <strong>the</strong>y cannot be copied, but <strong>the</strong> process was<br />
superseded in <strong>the</strong> 1850s by a negative/positive process by<br />
which an unlimited number <strong>of</strong> copies may be made. The<br />
process is considered <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> first practicable<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic method.(07.) {D= Daguerrotypie}.<br />
Daguerrotypie {D} * see Daguerreotype {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
dailies (rushes) {E} * An untimed one-light motion picture<br />
print, made without regard <strong>to</strong> colour balance, from which<br />
<strong>the</strong> action is checked and <strong>the</strong> best takes selected.(09.) {D=<br />
?; Es= primera copia del día en una película; F= rushes;<br />
productions journalières}.<br />
dämpfen {D} * see attenuate {E}.<br />
Dämpfung {D} * see attenuation {E}.<br />
daño hecho a una imagen {Es} * see crease (2) {E}.<br />
daño mecánico {Es} * see mechanical damage {E}.<br />
dar lectura {Es} * see read {E}.<br />
darkroom {E} * A controlled, dark area used <strong>to</strong> process<br />
film. {D= Dunkelkammer; Es= cuar<strong>to</strong> oscuro; F= chambre<br />
noire}.<br />
Darstellung {D} * see cast {E}.<br />
Darstellungbesetzung {D} * see cast {E}.<br />
DAT {E;F} * acronym for digital audio tape; see also R-<br />
DAT. {D= ?; Es= Cinta de Audio Digital}.<br />
data archive {E} * An institution or organization responsible<br />
for <strong>the</strong> acquisition, preservation, and communication <strong>of</strong><br />
data in machine readable form regardless <strong>of</strong><br />
provenance.22.57. {D= Datenarchiv/s; Es= centro de<br />
proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= archives de données<br />
informatiques}{D= ?; Es= centro de proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s; F=<br />
archives de données informatiques}.<br />
data bank {E} * A collection <strong>of</strong> files and/or groups <strong>of</strong> files<br />
relating <strong>to</strong> a given subject and assembled <strong>to</strong> be made<br />
available <strong>to</strong> various users.22.23. {D= Datenbank; Es=<br />
67<br />
banco de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= banque de données}.<br />
data base {E} * A structured assembly <strong>of</strong> logically related<br />
data designed <strong>to</strong> meet various applications but managed<br />
independently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.22.(23.) {D= Datenbestand;<br />
Datenbank; Es= base de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= base de données}.<br />
data density (BPI) {E} * The number <strong>of</strong> data characters<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red per unit volume, area, or length <strong>of</strong> a data<br />
carrier.(04.46.) {D= Datendichte; Es= densidad de da<strong>to</strong>s;<br />
F= densité de données}.<br />
data field <strong>of</strong> a sec<strong>to</strong>r {E} * A field <strong>of</strong> a compact disc<br />
containing <strong>the</strong> information <strong>of</strong> a zone.(20.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
campo de da<strong>to</strong>s de un sec<strong>to</strong>r; F= champ de données d'un<br />
secteur}.<br />
data protection {E} * The legal protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong><br />
individuals tin respect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> collection, s<strong>to</strong>rage, and<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic processing <strong>of</strong> personal data in readable form<br />
and <strong>the</strong> disclosure <strong>of</strong> such data.22. {D= Datenschutz; Es=<br />
protección de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= protection des données}.<br />
data sheet {E} * One or more page <strong>of</strong> an accumulation <strong>of</strong><br />
facts on a given <strong>to</strong>pic.(09.) {D= Produktionsbericht; Es=<br />
ficha; F= feuille de données; fiche signalétique; feuille<br />
données; fiche}.<br />
date de première diffusion {F} * see original broadcast date<br />
{E}.<br />
date de première diffusion dans le pays d'origine {F} * see<br />
broadcast date {E}.<br />
date de première publication {F} * see original release date<br />
{E}.<br />
date de production {F} * see production date {E}.<br />
Datei {D} * see file {E}.<br />
Datenarchiv/s {D} * see data archive {E}.<br />
Datenausgabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm/Mikr<strong>of</strong>ormen {D} * see<br />
computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (COM) {E}.<br />
Datenbank {D} * see data base; data bank {E}.<br />
Datenbestand {D} * see data base {E}.<br />
Datendichte {D} * see data density (BPI); packing density<br />
{E}.<br />
Dateneingabe/Datenausgabe {D} * see input/output (I/O)<br />
{E}.<br />
Dateneingabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm {D} * see computer input<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) {E}.<br />
Dateneingabe über Mikr<strong>of</strong>ormen {D} * see computer input<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) {E}.<br />
Datensatz {D} * see record {E}.<br />
Datenschutz {D} * see data protection {E}.<br />
Datenspeicher {D} * see memory {E}.<br />
Datenträger für Ein- und Ausgabe {D} * see input/output<br />
(I/O) {E}.<br />
da<strong>to</strong>/s * see record {E}.<br />
da<strong>to</strong>s grabados a lo largo de la cinta de vídeo {Es} * see<br />
edit black {E}.<br />
day file {E} * see chronological file.
dB {E} * abbreviation for deciBel. {E}<br />
dB spl {E} * see deciBel. {E}<br />
dBm {E} * see deciBel. {E}<br />
dBu {E} * see deciBel. {E}<br />
dBv {E} * see deciBel. {E}<br />
dBxII {D;E;Es;F} * see dBx.<br />
dBx {D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> noise reduction systems,<br />
introduced in 1971, completely different from <strong>the</strong> Dolby<br />
systems presented in o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> this glossary: in dBx<br />
subtlety is sacrificed <strong>to</strong> power; both <strong>the</strong> frequency<br />
response and <strong>the</strong> dynamic range are radically affected.<br />
Tape hiss and, according <strong>to</strong> some archivists, print through<br />
are virtually eliminated, but <strong>the</strong> wanted signal is prone <strong>to</strong><br />
be accompanied by 'modulation noise', and any<br />
misalignment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording or <strong>the</strong> reproducing<br />
equipment is magnified. The latter problem is particularly<br />
noticeable with low, almost subsonic, frequencies. A<br />
modified version, dBxII, was introduced in 1973, ignoring<br />
sounds at <strong>the</strong> extremes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frequency range and was,<br />
<strong>the</strong>refore, more suitable for-pr<strong>of</strong>essional applications such<br />
as cassette tapes and Lp discs. If <strong>the</strong>re are no subsonics<br />
involved a dBx unit should decode a dBxII tape, and vice<br />
versa.(56.)<br />
DC res<strong>to</strong>rer {E} * ?? Video signals have a dc component<br />
that depends on <strong>the</strong> average brightness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> dc component is not transmitted, it is necessary<br />
<strong>to</strong> res<strong>to</strong>re it at <strong>the</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r or receiver in order <strong>to</strong> insure <strong>the</strong><br />
proper brightness relationships from one scene <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
This additional electronic circuitry is referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong> dc<br />
res<strong>to</strong>rer. {D= ?; Es= restaurador de corriente continua; F=<br />
dispositif de restitution de la composante continue}.<br />
DCS {Es} * see distributive control<br />
DCT {E;Es} * acronym for Digital Component Tape<br />
{E;Es). {D= ?; Es= acrónimo de cinta de componente<br />
digital; F= bande magnétique numérique}.<br />
DDD {E} * acronym for digital-digital-digital; see SPARS<br />
code.<br />
de entrada directa {Es} * see on-line {E}.<br />
de exploración {Es} * see scanning beam {E}.<br />
de intermodulación {Es} * see intermodulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
(IMD) {E}.<br />
de la pellicule {F} * see film gauge {E}.<br />
de sauvegarde {F} * see backup copy {E}.<br />
de sodio {Es} * see hyposulphite <strong>of</strong> soda (HYPO) {E}.<br />
de très grand ensemble {F} * see extreme long shot {E}.<br />
de vídeo {Es} * see compact disc-video (CD-V) {D;E}.<br />
de-emphasis {E} * see emphasis. {E}.<br />
deaccession {E} * The act <strong>of</strong> formally removing a<br />
previously held item from a collection. {D= ?; Es= quitar de<br />
una colección una adquisición previa; F= cession}.<br />
deacidification (neutralization) {E} * Process <strong>of</strong> reaction<br />
between acidic or alkaline substances such that <strong>the</strong> pH <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> resultant material approaches or exceeds 7.0<br />
(neutrality).(52.) Deacidification technically refers only <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> neutralization <strong>of</strong> acids present at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> treatment,<br />
not <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> deposit <strong>of</strong> a buffer. For this reason, <strong>the</strong> term is<br />
being slowly replaced with <strong>the</strong> more accurate phrase<br />
"neutralization and alkalization." {D= Entsäuerung;<br />
Pufferung; Es= desacidificación; F= désacidification}.<br />
68<br />
débit (numérique) {F} * see bit rate {E}.<br />
débrits {F} * see flaking {E}.<br />
début {F} * see head {E}.<br />
début et fin {F} * see head and tail {E}.<br />
décalage (provoqué par la friction de la bande) {F} * see<br />
drag {E}.<br />
décalage (provoqué par la friction de la bande) {F} * see<br />
drag {E}.<br />
décalage {F} * see <strong>of</strong>fset {E}.<br />
décalage de phase {F} * see phase shift {E}.<br />
décalage transversal {F} * see pop-stranding {E}.<br />
deciBel (dB) {E} * A relative measure <strong>of</strong> sound intensity,<br />
power, voltage, or 'volume', which expresses <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong><br />
one sound intensity <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. One dB (i.e., 1/10th <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Bel) is about <strong>the</strong> smallest change in sound volume that <strong>the</strong><br />
human ear can detect; also used <strong>to</strong> express logarithmically<br />
<strong>the</strong> ratio between sound pressures and/or <strong>the</strong>ir respective<br />
voltages. Standard reference levels are dBm = 1 mW<br />
reference level; dBu = 0.775 V reference (current usage);<br />
dBv = 0.775 V reference level (former usage); dBV = 1.0<br />
V reference; 0 dB spl (sound pressure level) = 2.10-5 Pa<br />
(hearing threshold). Common deciBel levels encountered<br />
vary from <strong>the</strong> rustling <strong>of</strong> grass (15-20 dB) <strong>to</strong> conversation<br />
(50 dB), <strong>to</strong> live rock groups (110 dB) <strong>to</strong> jet plane engines<br />
at close range (130 dB); dBm = deciBels referenced <strong>to</strong> a<br />
one (l) millivolt level.(04.46.50.39.16.10.) {D= Dezibel; Es=<br />
decibelio; F= décibel}.<br />
décibel {F} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.<br />
decibelio {Es} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.<br />
decimal {E;Es} * The base-ten number system, in which<br />
each numeral is multiplied by an appropriate power <strong>of</strong><br />
ten.39. {D= dezimal; F= décimal}.<br />
Decimal Codificado en Binario {Es} * see BCD {E}.<br />
décimal {F} * see decimal {E}.<br />
décimal codé binaire {F} * see binary coded decimal {E}.<br />
Deckel {D} * see folder {E}.<br />
declaración {Es} * see statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility {E}.<br />
déclenchement début de séquence {F} * see set-in {E}.<br />
déclenchement fin de séquence {F} * see set-out {E}.<br />
décodage de pixel : CD-I {F} * see pixel manipulation {E}.<br />
decoder {E} * Electronic circuitry that removes <strong>the</strong> encoded<br />
or encrypted signal from a modulated signal. Also referred<br />
<strong>to</strong> as a demodula<strong>to</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= descodificador; F=<br />
décodeur}.<br />
decoder {E} * see also descrambler {E}.<br />
décodeur {F} * see decoder {E}.<br />
decodificación de pixel (CD) {Es} * see pixel manipulation<br />
{E}.<br />
decoloración {Es} * see fade (1, 2); staining; tarnish {E}.<br />
décolorateur {F} * see fadeometer {E}.<br />
décoloration (de la tête magnétique) {F} * see brown stain
{E}.<br />
décoloration {F} * see bleaching; fade; staining {E}.<br />
décolouración {Es} * see fade {E}.<br />
decomposition vent {E} * In nitrate film s<strong>to</strong>rage vaults, a<br />
controlled opening <strong>to</strong> permit <strong>the</strong> escape <strong>of</strong> gases resulting<br />
from decomposition <strong>of</strong> materials; NFPA 40 gives specific<br />
requirements for such an opening in chambers where<br />
nitrate film is s<strong>to</strong>red, dependent upon <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> nitrate<br />
materials s<strong>to</strong>red in <strong>the</strong> chamber.(34.) {D= Dekomposition;<br />
Es= artificio de ventilación para escape de gases; F=<br />
évent}.<br />
décompte de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout count {E}.<br />
décor {F} * see set {E}.<br />
décor fonctionnel {F} * see practical set {E}.<br />
décor réel {F} * see practical set {E}.<br />
décorateur {F} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
découpage {E;F} * A universally accepted French term<br />
which means <strong>the</strong> arrangement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shots <strong>of</strong> a movingimage<br />
production, <strong>the</strong> cutting. Découpage classique is <strong>the</strong><br />
old Hollywood style <strong>of</strong> narration.(30.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
découpage}.<br />
découpage {Es} * see découpage {E;F}.<br />
découpage {F} * see also clipping {E}.<br />
découpe {F} * see crop {E}.<br />
décrochage {F} * see backlighting {E}.<br />
deep focus {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic technique favoured by<br />
realists in which objects very near <strong>the</strong> camera as well as<br />
objects very far away from it are in focus at <strong>the</strong> same time;<br />
see shallow focus.30. {D= ?; Es= enfoque de pr<strong>of</strong>undidad;<br />
F= pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de champ}.<br />
défaut {F} * see defect; smear {E}.<br />
défaut d'aspect provoqué par des frottements {F} * see rub<br />
{E}.<br />
défaut de coupe {F} * see cutting through {E}.<br />
défaut de persistance sur le tube {F} * see lag {E}.<br />
défaut de rémanence {F} * see image retention {E}.<br />
défaut par fro<br />
défaut vidéo (snouts; snoots) {F} * see barn doors {E}.<br />
défauts d'éclairage {F} * see mislights {E}.<br />
defect {E} * 1) An undesired imperfection in an item. 2) In<br />
magnetic tape, an imperfection in <strong>the</strong> tape leading <strong>to</strong> a<br />
variation in output or a dropout. The most common tape<br />
defects take <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> surface projections consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
oxide agglomerates, embedded foreign matter, and<br />
redeposited wear products.(46.) {D= Defekt; Schaden; Es=<br />
defec<strong>to</strong>; F= défaut}.<br />
defec<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see blemish; defect {E}.<br />
defec<strong>to</strong> de adherencia {Es} * see peeling {E}.<br />
Defekt {D} * see defect {E}.<br />
défilement de la bande {F} * see tape transport {E}.<br />
69<br />
défileur {F} * see reproducer {E}.<br />
definición (TV) {Es} * see resolution (2) {E}.<br />
definición {Es} * see definition; resolution test chart;<br />
sharpness {E}.<br />
definición horizontal {Es} * see resolution, horizontal {E}.<br />
definición vertical {Es} * see resolution, vertical {E}.<br />
definition {E} * 1) The clarity or distinctness with which det-<br />
-<strong>the</strong> grain; see also resolution.30. {D= 1) ?; 2) Auflösung;<br />
Es= definición; F= définition; résolution}.<br />
définition {F} * see definition; resolution {E}.<br />
deflexión estática {Es} * see static deflection {E}.<br />
déflexion statique {F} * see static deflection {E}.<br />
deformación {Es} * see cockle/cockling {E}.<br />
deformación de la cinta magnética {Es} * see buckling {E}.<br />
deformación de las cintas con grabaciones debidas a la<br />
presión y la tensión {Es} * see creep {E}.<br />
déformation {F} * see dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
déformation {F} * see dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; warp {E}.<br />
déformation circulaire {F} * see buckling {E}.<br />
déformation de l'enroulement {F} * see blocked pack {E}.<br />
déformation de tête magnétique (en traces de poulet) {F}<br />
* see chicken tracks {E}.<br />
déformation en enroulement {F} * see core; core set {E}.<br />
déformation en polygone {F} * see spoking {E}.<br />
déformation par enroulement {F} * see loose pack {E}.<br />
Deformierung {D} * see cockle/cockling {E}.<br />
degausser {E} * see bulk eraser.<br />
degaussing {E} * see dema-ture scale.(09.) {D= Kelvin;<br />
Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
degrees Kelvin {E} * The unit <strong>of</strong> measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
temperature scale.(09.) {D= Kelvin; Es= grados Kelvin;<br />
Kelvin (grados); F= degrés Kelvin}.<br />
degrés Kelvin {F} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.<br />
dehumidify {E} * The reduction or removal <strong>of</strong> moisture from<br />
<strong>the</strong> air by mechanical and/or chemical means.(24.) {D=<br />
Entfeuchten von Luft; Trocknen von Luft; Es=<br />
deshumidificar; deshumedecer; F= déshumidifier}.<br />
Dekomposition {D} * see decomposition vent {E}.<br />
Dekoration {D} * see set {E}.<br />
délai re<strong>to</strong>ur {F} * see horizontal interval {E}.<br />
délai synchronisation {F} * see preroll {E}.<br />
delamination {E} * The loss <strong>of</strong> adhesion between layers <strong>of</strong><br />
a multilayered item (i.e., cylinder, disc, film, tape); may be<br />
caused by such as poor fabrication, exposure <strong>to</strong> fungal<br />
attack, extremes <strong>of</strong> temperature and humidity, or <strong>the</strong><br />
general ageing and deterioration <strong>of</strong> a product.(04.) {D=<br />
Delaminieren; Es= deslaminación; F= délamination}.<br />
delta modulation (DM) {D;E} * 1) In data communications,
a form <strong>of</strong> differential PCM in which only one bit for each<br />
sample is used.10. 2) In digital recording, a single-bit<br />
coding technique in which a constant step size digitizes<br />
<strong>the</strong> input wave form. Past knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> information<br />
permits encoding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> differences between consecutive<br />
values.39. technique in which a constant step size digitizes<br />
<strong>the</strong> input wave form. Past knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> information<br />
permits encoding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> differences between consecutive<br />
values.39. {Es= modulación delta; F= modulation delta<br />
(différentielle)}.<br />
delta yuv (DYUV) {D;E} * A high-efficiency image-coding<br />
scheme for natural pictures used in CD-I which takes<br />
advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>re is a high correlation<br />
between adjacent pixel values, making it possible <strong>to</strong><br />
encode only <strong>the</strong> differences between <strong>the</strong> absolute yu or yv<br />
pixel values. This encoding scheme is applied per line, that<br />
is, in one dimension; see also yuv encoding; compression.10.<br />
{Es= yuv delta; F= codage delta YUV}.<br />
démagnétisation {F} * see demagnetization {E}.<br />
démagnétiseur {F} * see bulk eraser; demagnetizer {E}.<br />
démagnétiseur de têtes {F} * see head demagnetizer {E}.<br />
demagnetization {E} * The erasure <strong>of</strong> magnetic tapes by<br />
neutralizing <strong>the</strong> oxide particles in <strong>the</strong> tape coating,<br />
achieved through a high frequency current passing through<br />
an erase head over which <strong>the</strong> tape passes, or through <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> a bulk eraser. Accidental demagneti-zation can<br />
occur, for example, when stray, external magnetic fields<br />
come in<strong>to</strong> contact with <strong>the</strong> tape.04. {D=<br />
Entmagnetisierung; Es= desmagnetización; F=<br />
démagnétisation}.<br />
demagnetizer {E} * An alternating current (AC)<br />
electromagnet used <strong>to</strong> neutralize magnetism in recorder<br />
heads, guides, tape, etc; see also bulk eraser;<br />
demagnetization.04. {D= Entmagnetisierdrossel; Es=<br />
desmagnetizador; F= démagnétiseur}.<br />
demandante {Es} * see claimant {E}.<br />
demi-piste {F} * see half-track {E}.<br />
demi-teinte {F} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne; half<strong>to</strong>ne block {E}.<br />
demo-disc {E} * abbreviation for demonstration disc. {D=<br />
Demoplatte; Es= disco de demostración; F= disque de<br />
démonstration; demodisque}.<br />
demodulador {Es} * see demodula<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
demodular {Es} * see demodulate {E}.<br />
demodulate {E} * Action <strong>of</strong> taking a video modulated signal<br />
that is imposed on a carrier and recreating <strong>the</strong> information<br />
it represented in its original form. {D= ?; Es= demodular;<br />
F= démoduler}.<br />
démodulateur {F} * see demodula<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
demodulation {E} * see modulation.<br />
demodula<strong>to</strong>r {E} * Electronic circuitry that removes <strong>the</strong><br />
encoded signal from a modulated signal. Also referred <strong>to</strong><br />
as a decoder. {D= ?; Es= demodulador; F= démodulateur}.<br />
démoduler {F} * see demodulate {E}.<br />
Demoplatte {D} * see demo-disc {E}.<br />
demultiplexer {E} * see multiplexing.<br />
denitration {E} * Degradation <strong>of</strong> cellulose nitrate materials<br />
due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong> nitrogen peroxide <strong>to</strong> nitrous acid<br />
by moisture, which in turn has a fur<strong>the</strong>r au<strong>to</strong>catalytic<br />
reaction on <strong>the</strong> original compound.04. {D= ?; Es=<br />
70<br />
desnitración; F= dénitrification}.<br />
dénitrification {F} * see denitration {E}.<br />
denotativo <strong>to</strong>tal de una película {Es} * see diegesis à<br />
semiological {E;F}.<br />
dense {E;F} * Relatively opaque, generally applied <strong>to</strong> film<br />
images or areas that are darker than normal.13. {D= ?;<br />
Es= denso; F= ?}.<br />
densidad {Es} * see density {E}.<br />
densidad de da<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see data density (BPI) {E}.<br />
densidad de difusión absoluta {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>tally diffuse<br />
density {E}.<br />
densidad de difusión <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>tally diffuse density<br />
{E}.<br />
densidad de fondo {Es} * see background density {E}.<br />
densidad de grabación fisica {Es} * see physical recording<br />
density {E}.<br />
densidad del positivado {Es} * see printing density {E}.<br />
densidad del soporte de la película {Es} * see film base<br />
density {E}.<br />
densidad especular {Es} * see specular density {E}.<br />
densidad máxima {Es} * see maximum density (D-MAX)<br />
{E}.<br />
densidad mínima {Es} * see minimum density (D-MIN) {E}.<br />
densidad neutral equivalente {Es} * see equivalent neutral<br />
density (END) {E}.<br />
densidad neutral equivalente {Es} * see equivalent neutral<br />
density (END) {E}.<br />
densidad visual {Es} * see visual density {E}.<br />
densité {F} * see density {E}.<br />
densité d'enregistrement {F} * see packing density {E}.<br />
densité d'enregistrement physique {F} * see physical<br />
recording density {E}.<br />
densité de diffusion <strong>to</strong>tale {F} * see <strong>to</strong>tally diffuse density<br />
{E}.<br />
densité de données {F} * see data density (BPI) {E}.<br />
densité de fond {F} * see background density {E}.<br />
densité de tirage {F} * see printing density {E}.<br />
densité de transmission {F} * see transmission density {E}.<br />
densité maximum {F} * see maximum density (D-MAX) {E}.<br />
densité minimum {F} * see minimum density (D-MIN) {E}.<br />
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral<br />
density (END) {E}.<br />
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral<br />
density (END) {E}.<br />
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral<br />
density (END) {E}.<br />
densité optique du support film {F} * see film base density
{E}.<br />
densité spéculaire {F} * see specular density {E}.<br />
densité visuelle {F} * see visual density {E}.<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E} * 1) A pho<strong>to</strong>electric instrument used <strong>to</strong><br />
measure <strong>the</strong> optical density, or degree <strong>of</strong> blackness, <strong>of</strong> an<br />
image or base by measuring <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> incident radiant<br />
energy (light) reflected or transmitted.40. A microdensi<strong>to</strong>meter<br />
is used <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong> very small<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image.19. A transmis-sion<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>meter is used for processed film and a reflection<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>meter for paper prints. A reflection-densi<strong>to</strong>meter is<br />
used <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong> an opaque surface (print)<br />
before setting <strong>the</strong> camera and screen for half-<strong>to</strong>ne<br />
exposure; see also densi<strong>to</strong>metric method (silver); density.<br />
2) An instrument for measuring <strong>the</strong> optical density <strong>of</strong> an<br />
area in a processed image or filter.09. {D= Dickte;<br />
Densi<strong>to</strong>metrie; Es= densitómetro; densi<strong>to</strong>metría; F=<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>mètre; densi<strong>to</strong>métrie}.<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>mètre {F} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>metría {Es} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>metric method (silver) {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
production and development, a testing procedure that<br />
produces a yellow stain for density measurement; used for<br />
indicating <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> residual thiosulphate or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
potentially harmful residual chemicals in processed<br />
films.(40.) {D= ?; Es= mé<strong>to</strong>do densi<strong>to</strong>métrico (cantidad<br />
plata); F= méthode densi<strong>to</strong>métrique (argent)}.<br />
Densi<strong>to</strong>metrie {D} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
densitómetro {Es} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
density {E} * 1) In general, <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> a<br />
mate-s<strong>to</strong>pping characteris-tics <strong>of</strong> a film or filter. It is <strong>the</strong><br />
logarithm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opacity <strong>of</strong> developed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film.<br />
Visual density is measurement <strong>of</strong> density approximating<br />
<strong>the</strong> sensitivity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human eye. Printing density is<br />
measurement approximating sensitivity <strong>of</strong> print s<strong>to</strong>ck. A<br />
film sample that transmits one-half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incident light has<br />
a transmittance <strong>of</strong> 0.50, or 50 pe-rcent, and a density <strong>of</strong><br />
0.30.09. {D= Licht<strong>to</strong>nwert; Dichte; Schwärzung; Es=<br />
coeficiente positivado; densidad; F= densité; coefficient de<br />
tirage}.<br />
density change {E} * The amount <strong>of</strong> modification in an<br />
image as measured with a densi<strong>to</strong>meter,<br />
spectropho<strong>to</strong>meter, or similar device.05. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cambio de densidad; F= changement de densité}.<br />
density identification area {E} * In magnetic tape recording,<br />
a recording in <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> tape marker <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong><br />
method and density <strong>of</strong> recording.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona de<br />
identificación de la densidad (de una grabación); F= zone<br />
d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement}.<br />
density range {E} * The difference between <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> highest area and <strong>the</strong> darkest area <strong>of</strong> a print or<br />
negative, a very useful derivation from <strong>the</strong> sensi<strong>to</strong>metric<br />
see also sensi<strong>to</strong>meter.(05.) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}<br />
dénuder (fil électrique) {F} * see strip {E}.<br />
déphasage {F} * see phase shift {E}.<br />
déphasé {F} * see out <strong>of</strong> phase {E}.<br />
déplacement dans le sillon {F} * see groove skating {E}.<br />
déplacement de ruban {F} * see stepped pack {E}.<br />
dépliant {F} * see folder {E}.<br />
71<br />
Deponierung {D} * see deposit {E}.<br />
deposit {E} * 1) The placing <strong>of</strong> materials in <strong>the</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>dy <strong>of</strong><br />
archives without transfer <strong>of</strong> legal title. 2) The documents<br />
covered by a single deposit.22.23. {D= 1) Deponierung, 2)<br />
Depositum; Es= 1&2) depósi<strong>to</strong>; F= dépôt}.<br />
deposit copy (copyright) {E} * Under <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> various<br />
countries <strong>the</strong> piece/s submitted with <strong>the</strong> registration for<br />
copyright. Not <strong>to</strong> be confused with legal deposit. {D= ?;<br />
Es= ejemplar de depósi<strong>to</strong> legal (derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r); F=<br />
copie de dépôt (copyright)}.<br />
depósi<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see deposit {E}.<br />
depósi<strong>to</strong> intermedio {Es} * see intermediate s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
depósi<strong>to</strong> legal {Es} * see legal deposit {E}.<br />
depósi<strong>to</strong>s principales {Es} * see stacks {E}.<br />
Depositum {D} * see deposit {E}.<br />
Depot {D} * see vault {E}.<br />
dépôt {F} * see bromide drag; deposit {E}.<br />
dépôt annexe {F} * see branch reposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
dépôt d'oxyde {F} * see oxide build-up {E}.<br />
dépôt légal {F} * see legal deposit {E}.<br />
depth <strong>of</strong> field {E} * in moving-image production, <strong>the</strong><br />
distance range between <strong>the</strong> nearest and far<strong>the</strong>st objects<br />
that appear in acceptably sharp focus. Depth <strong>of</strong> field<br />
depends on <strong>the</strong> lens opening, <strong>the</strong> focal length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> distance from <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sub-ject.(09.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de campo; F= pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de champ}.<br />
depth <strong>of</strong> focus {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic and moving-image<br />
work, <strong>the</strong> distance range over which <strong>the</strong> film plane could<br />
be located inside <strong>the</strong> camera and still have <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
appear in sharp focus; <strong>of</strong>ten misused <strong>to</strong> mean depth <strong>of</strong><br />
field.(09.) {D= Tiefenschärfe; Es= pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de foco;<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de campo; F= pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de foyer; pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur<br />
de champ}.<br />
déraillement {F} * see groove jumping {E}.<br />
derechde propiedad intelectual {Es} * see copyright {E;F}.<br />
derecho de propiedad intelectual {Es} * see copyright<br />
{E;F}.<br />
derecho de utilizar sistemas de cable {Es} * see access (2)<br />
{E}.<br />
derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see copyright {E;F}.<br />
derechos de reproducción {Es} * see mechanical rights<br />
{E}.<br />
derivación {Es} * see tail (3) {E}.<br />
désaccentuation {F} * see post-emphasis {E}.<br />
desacidificación {Es} * see deacidification (neutralization)<br />
{E}.<br />
desacidificación {Es} * see deacidification (neutralization)<br />
{E}.<br />
désacidification {F} * see deacidification (neutralization)<br />
{E}.<br />
desacompasado {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> sync {E}.<br />
desarrollo de los fondos {Es} * see collection development
{E}.<br />
desbalance {Es} * see imbalance {E}.<br />
descarga {Es} * see disposal {E}.<br />
descartes (montaje de película) {Es} * see trims {E}.<br />
descartes {Es} * see trims {E}.<br />
descascarillado {Es} * see peeling {E}.<br />
descifrador {Es} * see descrambler {E}.<br />
descifrar {Es} * see read {E}.<br />
descodificador {Es} * see decoder {E}.<br />
descoloración por laluz {Es} * see light fugitive {E}.<br />
descoloración por laluz {Es} * see light fugitive {E}.<br />
descomposición doble {Es} * see double decomposition<br />
{E}.<br />
desconectador óptico {Es} * see op<strong>to</strong>-isola<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
desconexión au<strong>to</strong>mática {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic shut<strong>of</strong>f {E}.<br />
descrambler {E} * An electronic device used <strong>to</strong> decode<br />
coded signals for reception <strong>of</strong> a useable signal. {D=<br />
Descrambler; Es= descifrador; F= système de<br />
désentrelacement}.<br />
descrambler {E} * see also decoder {E}.<br />
Descrambler {D} * see descrambler {E}.<br />
descripción {Es} * see description {E}.<br />
descripción bibliográfica {Es} * see bibliographic<br />
description {E}.<br />
descripción de la calidad de sonido {Es} * see boxy {E}.<br />
descripción física {Es} * see physical description {E}.<br />
descripteur {F} * see descrip<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es}.<br />
description {E} * The preparation <strong>of</strong> finding aids <strong>to</strong> facilitate<br />
control and consultation <strong>of</strong> holdings.22.23. {D=<br />
Verzeichnung; Es= descripción}.<br />
description bibliographique {F} * see bibliographic<br />
description {E}.<br />
descriptive list {E} * A finding aid in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a list<br />
containing brief details <strong>of</strong> individual items generally more<br />
detailed than in a class list.22. {D= Reper<strong>to</strong>rium; Es=<br />
inventario analítico; F= réper<strong>to</strong>ire numérique détaillé}.<br />
descrip<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es} * 1) In CD-ROM production, a structure<br />
containing descriptive information about a volume or file,<br />
or a word or title used <strong>to</strong> identify a specific<br />
document.(20.10.) 2) Term in a <strong>the</strong>saurus which may be<br />
used <strong>to</strong> represent a concept in a document or in a request<br />
for retrieval.(06.) {D= Deskrip<strong>to</strong>r; F= descripteur}.<br />
desecante {Es} * see desiccant {E}.<br />
desempolvar {Es} * see dusting {E}.<br />
desenfocado {Es} * see blur {E}.<br />
desenfocado artistico {Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>t focus {E}.<br />
desenfocado de la imagen {Es} * see blur {E}.<br />
72<br />
desenfoque momentáneo {Es} * see breathing {E}.<br />
déséquilibre {F} * see imbalance {E}.<br />
desfasado {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> phase {E}.<br />
desfase diferencial {Es} * see differential phase {E}.<br />
desgaste natural {Es} * see fair-use {E}.<br />
deshecho {Es} * see outtake {E}.<br />
deshechos desmontables (res<strong>to</strong>s deshechables) {Es} *<br />
see loose debris {E}.<br />
deshumedecer {Es} * see dehumidify {E}.<br />
deshumidificar {Es} * see dehumidify {E}.<br />
déshumidifier {F} * see dehumidify {E}.<br />
desiccant {E} * A non-volatile chemical which absorbs<br />
moisture from <strong>the</strong> surrounding atmosphere. Silica gel is<br />
<strong>the</strong> desiccant typically employed <strong>to</strong> keep documents,<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, and o<strong>the</strong>r materials dry while in exhibit cases<br />
in humid surroundings. Silica gel can be regenerated by<br />
heating.05. {D= ?; Es= desecante; F= dessicateur}.<br />
designación de materiales bibliográficos {Es} * see case<br />
(1) {E}.<br />
designador general del material {Es} * see general<br />
material designa<strong>to</strong>r (GMD) {E}.<br />
désignation matériel {F} * see specific materials designa<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{E}.<br />
desigualdad de ganancia {Es} * see gain inequality {E}.<br />
desincronizado {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> sync {E}.<br />
desinfectar {Es} * see disinfect; disinfest {E}.<br />
désinfecter {F} * see disinfect {E}.<br />
Desinfektion {D} * see fumigation {E}.<br />
desinfizieren {D} * see disinfect {E}.<br />
désinsectiser {F} * see disinfest {E}.<br />
Deskrip<strong>to</strong>r {D} * see descrip<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es}.<br />
deslaminación {Es} * see delamination {E}.<br />
deslustre {Es} * see tarnish {E}.<br />
desmagnetización {Es} * see demagnetization {E}.<br />
desmagnetización espontánea {Es} * see selfdemagnetization<br />
{E}.<br />
desmagnetizador {Es} * see demagnetizer {E}.<br />
desmagnetizador de cabezales {Es} * see head<br />
demagnetizer {E}.<br />
desnitración {Es} * see denitration {E}.<br />
desnivel {Es} * see <strong>of</strong>fset {E}.<br />
desplazamien<strong>to</strong> de cinta {Es} * see stepped pack {E}.<br />
desplazamien<strong>to</strong> de fase {Es} * see phase shift {E}.<br />
desplazamien<strong>to</strong> H {Es} * see H-shift {E}.<br />
desplazamien<strong>to</strong> lateral {Es} * see pop-stranding {E}.
desprendimen<strong>to</strong> de oxido {Es} * see oxide shedding {E}.<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> (de partículas de óxido de una cinta<br />
magnética) {Es} * see shedding {E}.<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see dropout {E}.<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> de la emulsión {Es} * see frilling {E}.<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> de oxido por presion {Es} * see blocking<br />
{E}.<br />
desprendimien<strong>to</strong> de óxido por presión {Es} * see blocking<br />
{E}.<br />
dessicateur {F} * see desiccant {E}.<br />
dessin au fusain {F} * see charcoal drawing {E}.<br />
dessin industriel {F} * see technical drawing {E}.<br />
destruction {E} * The disposal <strong>of</strong> materials by<br />
destruction.(22.23.) {D= Kassation; Aktenvernichtung; Es=<br />
eliminación; F= élimination}.<br />
desvanecimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see fade {E}.<br />
desviación {Es} * see <strong>of</strong>fset {E}.<br />
désynchronisé {F} * see out <strong>of</strong> sync; asynchronous {E}.<br />
detail shot {E} * In moving-image productions, usually<br />
more magnified than a close-up. A shot <strong>of</strong> a hand or eye<br />
or mouth or anything <strong>of</strong> similar size.(30.) {D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma<br />
de detalle; F= plan de détail}.<br />
detalle {Es} * see detail {E}.<br />
deteccción y corrección de errores {Es} * see error<br />
detection and correction {E}.<br />
detección de error {Es} * see error detection {E}.<br />
détecteur de fin de bande .{F}. see end-<strong>of</strong>-tape<br />
marker/sensor .{E}.<br />
détecteur de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Reader<br />
(TCR) {E}.<br />
détection d'erreurs {F} * see error detection {E}.<br />
détection et correction d'erreurs {F} * see error detection<br />
and correction {E}.<br />
deterioración {Es} * see deterioration {E}.<br />
deterioration {E} * The gradual ageing and ultimate<br />
destruction <strong>of</strong> materials due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> chemical,<br />
biological, and physical processes.24. {D= Zerfall;<br />
Beschädigung; Es= deterioro; degradación; deterioración;<br />
F= détérioration}.<br />
détérioration {F} * see deterioration {E}.<br />
deterioro {Es} * see deterioration {E}.<br />
de<strong>to</strong>nador {Es} * see squib {E}.<br />
dé<strong>to</strong>urage {F} * see cropping {E}.<br />
deux pistes {F} * see half-track; two track {E}.<br />
deuxième original {F} * see second original {E}.<br />
developer {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic work, <strong>the</strong> chemical solution<br />
used <strong>to</strong> turn <strong>the</strong> latent image in<strong>to</strong> a visible image on<br />
exposed films; see also developing.(09.) {D= Entwickler;<br />
Es= revelador; F= révélateur}.<br />
73<br />
dévelopeuse grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed printer<br />
{E}.<br />
developing {E} * The process by which latent images on<br />
exposed pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive materials are rendered visible, as<br />
<strong>the</strong> first step in pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processing. A developer,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> such substances as chemical reagents, dry<br />
powders, water, or gas, is used <strong>to</strong> convert <strong>the</strong> latent<br />
images <strong>to</strong> visible ones. Liquid developers, such as<br />
developer, contain chemical agents for reducing <strong>the</strong><br />
density <strong>of</strong> images on materials sensitized with silver<br />
gelatin.01. {D= Entwickeln; Es= revelado; F=<br />
développement}.<br />
developing-out-paper (DOP) {E} * A sensitized paper for<br />
contact printing or enlarging in which <strong>the</strong> image is realized<br />
by a chemical developing step.42. {D= ?; Es= papel<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico para revelado direc<strong>to</strong>; F= papier à<br />
développement direct}.<br />
development {E} * The chemical process which brings out<br />
<strong>the</strong> latent image in film. If a film has been under--exposed<br />
it can later be overdeveloped <strong>to</strong> somewhat regain <strong>the</strong><br />
balance <strong>of</strong> light and dark. In available light colour<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy it is <strong>of</strong>ten necessary <strong>to</strong> push <strong>the</strong> film a few<br />
's<strong>to</strong>ps' in development (or over-develop it) in order <strong>to</strong> get<br />
a balanced image; see also exposure; speed.30. {D=<br />
Entwicklung; Es= revelado; F= développement}.<br />
développement (gestion) des collections {F} * see<br />
collection development {E}.<br />
développement {F} * see developing; processing {E}.<br />
développement continu à immersion {F} * see fullimmersion<br />
continuous printer {E}.<br />
développement poussé {F} * see forced processing {E}.<br />
développeuse {F} * see processor {E}.<br />
déviation de la bande {F} * see tape skew {E}.<br />
dew point {E} * 1) The surface temperature at which<br />
moisture begins <strong>to</strong> condense on a surface. The more<br />
humid <strong>the</strong> air, <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>the</strong> dew-point temperature. 2)<br />
The temperature at which vapour condenses in<strong>to</strong> liquid;<br />
see also relative humidity. (53.) {D= Taupunkt; Es= pun<strong>to</strong><br />
de condensación; F= point de rosée}.<br />
DEZ {E} * see diethyl zinc.<br />
Dezibel {D} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.<br />
dezimal {D} * see decimal {E}.<br />
Dia {D} * see transparency {E}.<br />
diacetate de cellulose {F} * see cellulose diacetate {E}.<br />
diaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa {Es} * see cellulose diacetate {E}.<br />
diafonía {Es} * see crosstalk {E}.<br />
diafonía estere<strong>of</strong>ónica {Es} * see stereophonic crosstalk<br />
{E}.<br />
diafragma {Es} * see diaphragm (1) {E}.<br />
diafragma iris {Es} * see iris {E}.<br />
diagrama de cromaticidad CIE {Es} * see CIE chromaticity<br />
diagram {E}.<br />
diagramme chromatique CIE {F} * see CIE chromaticity<br />
diagram {E}.<br />
diamètre du disque .{F}. see disk size .{E}.
diamètre du disque {F} * see disk size {E}.<br />
Diamond Disc {D;E;Es;F} * The name given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Edison Company's double-sided disc recording, marketed<br />
from 1913 <strong>to</strong> 1929. For <strong>the</strong> most part Diamond Discs were<br />
10-inch, 80-RPM, acoustic, vertical cut, laminated discs.<br />
Their surface was <strong>of</strong> Condensite bonded <strong>to</strong> a pressed<br />
maple wood flour core, resulting in a disc which weighs<br />
approximately one pound and is approximately ¼-inch<br />
thick. Until 1922 <strong>the</strong> Diamond Discs were labelled as<br />
Recreations; after 1922 <strong>the</strong>y were simply called Edison<br />
Records. Until <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> WW I <strong>the</strong> discs had impressed,<br />
or etched, labels; after WW I <strong>the</strong>y had black and white<br />
paper labels. Edison's Long Playing Records appeared in<br />
1926 and had distinctive gold labels.(14.)<br />
diaphonie {F} * see crosstalk {E}.<br />
diaphonie stéréophonique {F} * see stereophonic crosstalk<br />
{E}.<br />
diaphonie? {F} * see feed through {E}.<br />
diaphragm {E} * 1) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processes, an<br />
adjustable opening mounted behind <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> a lens<br />
used <strong>to</strong> control <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light that reaches <strong>the</strong> film;<br />
usually calibrated in f-numbers.(09.) 2) In audio recording<br />
and reproducing, <strong>the</strong> membrane in an acoustic audio<br />
cylinder or disc machine's reproducer, recorder, or soundbox<br />
that vibrated with <strong>the</strong> sound fed <strong>to</strong> it from <strong>the</strong> groove<br />
through <strong>the</strong> stylus and which was <strong>the</strong>n amplified by <strong>the</strong><br />
horn. Many varied materials were used, including glass,<br />
mica, copper, and aluminium. The sound could be altered<br />
by adjusting <strong>the</strong> pressure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gaskets on <strong>the</strong><br />
diaphragm's periphery.(14.) {D= 1) Blende; Iris; 2)<br />
Membran; Schallblech; Es= 1) diafragma; 2) membrana;<br />
F= diaphragme; membrane}.<br />
diaphragm gaskets {E} * Rings <strong>of</strong> metal, rubber, cork,<br />
paper, felt, etc., which held <strong>the</strong> diaphragm at its periphery,<br />
sealing it, and preventing it from <strong>to</strong>uching <strong>the</strong> casing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
reproducer or sound box.(14.) {D= ?; Es= juntas para<br />
diafragmas; F= joints de diaphragme}.<br />
diaphragme {F} * see diaphragm; numerical aperture (NA)<br />
{E}.<br />
Diapositiv {D} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.<br />
Diapositiv-Wechselschlitten {D} * see slide mount {E}.<br />
diapositiva (de proyección) {Es} * see lantern slide {E}.<br />
diapositiva {Es} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.<br />
diapositiva estereoscópica {Es} * see stereoscopic slide<br />
{E}.<br />
diapositive {F} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.<br />
diarcinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico {Es} * see newsreel {E}.<br />
diario cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico {Es} * see newsreel {E}.<br />
diascope {E;F} * A specialized device which attaches <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> front <strong>of</strong> a video camera <strong>to</strong> project test images directly<br />
in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera. {D= ?; Es= diascopio; F= diascope;<br />
(projecteur de vues fixes)}.<br />
diascope; (projecteur de vues fixes) {F} * see diascope {E}.<br />
diascopio {Es} * see diascope {E}.<br />
diazo {E;Es;F} * A light-sensitive reproduction process<br />
used <strong>to</strong> make pho<strong>to</strong>composition pro<strong>of</strong>s on translucent<br />
materials.10. {D= Diazo}.<br />
diazo film {E} * A slow-print film sensitized by a coating <strong>of</strong><br />
diazonium salts, which, subsequent <strong>to</strong> exposure <strong>to</strong> light<br />
74<br />
which is strong in <strong>the</strong> blue <strong>to</strong> ultraviolet spectrum, forms an<br />
image. Diazo film generally produces non-reversed images<br />
(i.e., a positive image will be reproduced as a positive<br />
image and a negative image will be reproduced as a<br />
negative image).28. {D= Diaz<strong>of</strong>ilm; Es= película diazo; F=<br />
film diazo}.<br />
Diazo {D} * see diazo {E}.<br />
Diaz<strong>of</strong>ilm {D} * see diazo film {E}.<br />
dibujo a tiza blanca {Es} * see chalk drawing {E}.<br />
dibujo al carboncillo {Es} * see charcoal drawing {E}.<br />
dibujo técnico {Es} * see technical drawing {E}.<br />
Dichroic filter {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> colour filter that passes certain<br />
colours, but blocks o<strong>the</strong>rs. {D= ?; Es= filtro dicroíco; F=<br />
filtre dichroïque.<br />
Dichroic mirror {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> front-surfaced colour filter<br />
that passes certain colours, but reflects o<strong>the</strong>rs. {D= ?; Es=<br />
espejo dicroíco; F= mirroir dichroïque; filtre dichroïque}.<br />
Dichte {D} * see density {E}.<br />
Dicke {D} * see thickness {E}.<br />
Dickte {D} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
didáctica {Es} * see educational film/video {E}.<br />
dièdre {F} * see dihedral {E}.<br />
diedro {Es} * see dihedral {E}.<br />
diegesis à semiological {E;F} * The sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> denota-tive<br />
material <strong>of</strong> a film.(30.) {D= ?; Es= denotativo <strong>to</strong>tal de una<br />
película}.<br />
diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E} * A volatile organometallic<br />
compound used <strong>to</strong> both neutralize and buffer paper by<br />
adding zinc oxide deposits. {D= ?; Es= dietilzinc (DEZ); F=<br />
diéthyle de zinc}.<br />
diéthyle de zinc {F} * see diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E}.<br />
dietilzinc (DEZ) {Es} * see diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E}.<br />
diferencial {Es} * see differential {E}.<br />
differential {E} * The digital data encoding tech-nique in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> difference from bit <strong>to</strong> bit forms <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong><br />
encoding.39. {D= differential; Es= diferencial; F=<br />
différential}.<br />
differential gain {E} * The difference in saturation level that<br />
can occur between low luminance colours (e.g. blue) and<br />
high luminance colours (e.g. yellow). A stair step genera<strong>to</strong>r<br />
is used <strong>to</strong> check and adjust for differential gain. {D= ?; Es=<br />
ganancia diferencial; F= gain différentiel}.<br />
differential phase {E} * The errors in hue that can occur<br />
between low luminance colours (e.g. blue) and high<br />
luminance colours (e.g. yellow). In video. {D= ?; Es=<br />
desfase diferencial; F= phase différentielle}.<br />
Differential {D} * see differential {E}.<br />
différentiel {F} * see differential {E}.<br />
diffraction {E;F} * A modification in light or sound in which<br />
<strong>the</strong> incident rays are def-beam LASER pickups <strong>to</strong> split <strong>the</strong><br />
LASER beam in<strong>to</strong> secondary beams <strong>to</strong> be used for<br />
tracking.(39.) {D= Diffraktionsgitter; ?; Es= red [rejilla]<br />
difrac<strong>to</strong>ra; F= grille de diffraction; réseau}.
Diffraktion {D} * see diffraction {E;F}.<br />
Diffraktionsgitter {D} * see diffraction grating {E}.<br />
diffuser {E} * A gelatin plate which is placed in front <strong>of</strong> a<br />
light <strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light; see scrim; gobo;<br />
flag.30. {D= Tüll; Es= difusor; difusíon; F= écran diffuseur;<br />
diffuseur}.<br />
diffuseur {F} * see diffuser; scrim {E}.<br />
diffusion {F} * see broadcast {E;F}.<br />
diffusion transfer process {E} * Any image transfer process<br />
in which image-forming materials, such as silver salt or<br />
dye, move from one surface <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r through a thin<br />
liquid layer. A transfer process in which <strong>the</strong> negative and<br />
positive images are formed at approximately <strong>the</strong> same<br />
time is termed a diffusion transfer reversal process.(01.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= proceso de difusión por transferencia; F=<br />
processus de transfert par diffusion}.<br />
difracción {Es} * see diffraction {E;F}.<br />
difusión {Es} * see broadcast {E;F}; diffuser {E}.<br />
difusor {Es} * see diffuser {E}.<br />
dig {E} * see chip.<br />
digital {E;Es;F}. * The use <strong>of</strong> numbers, typically binary<br />
numbers, <strong>to</strong> represent information.39. {D= Digital}.<br />
digital audio {E} * The use <strong>of</strong> sampling and quantitization<br />
techniques <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re or transmit audio information.39. {D=<br />
digitales Audio; Es= audio digital; F= audionumérique}.<br />
digital audio tape (DAT) {E} * A magnetic tape format<br />
which can be digitally encoded with sound from a source<br />
using <strong>the</strong> digital recording process and played back on a<br />
machine capable <strong>of</strong> 'reading' or decoding <strong>the</strong> tape; see<br />
also digital recording; R-DAT.(04.) {D= digitales Tonband;<br />
Es= cinta audio digital; F= bande audionumérique}.<br />
digital BetaCam {E} * Ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> several digital video<br />
formats except that it is unique in that it is <strong>the</strong> only format<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> playing back its analogue predecessor<br />
(BetaCam SP). The added capability <strong>of</strong> being able <strong>to</strong><br />
record and playback component digital signals is its added<br />
advantage over BetaCam SP. {D= ?; Es= BetaCam<br />
digital; F= Bétacam numérique}.<br />
digital codes {E} * see digital recording.<br />
digital disc {E} * A disc which is used <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re digital data.<br />
{D= digitale Platte; Es= disco digital; F= disque<br />
numérique}.<br />
digital filter {E} * Any filter accom-plished in <strong>the</strong> digital<br />
domain.39. {D= digitales Filter; Es= filtro digital; F= filtre<br />
numérique}.<br />
digital optical recording (DOR) {E} * A capturing <strong>of</strong> data<br />
through <strong>the</strong> digital process on<strong>to</strong> a disc or o<strong>the</strong>r optical<br />
media which has <strong>the</strong> data fixed as a series <strong>of</strong> pits that are<br />
recorded and read by a focused LASER beam; see also<br />
digital recording; LASER disc. {D= digitale optische<br />
Aufzeichnung; Es= Cinta de Componente Digital; F=<br />
enregistrement optique numérique}.<br />
digital recording {E} * 1) The process where data is<br />
transformed in<strong>to</strong> continuously variable voltages and <strong>the</strong><br />
resulting digital data is captured in a variety <strong>of</strong> forms, such<br />
as compact disc, digital audio tape, digital disc. 2) A sound<br />
recording made by <strong>the</strong> digital recording process whereby<br />
<strong>the</strong> source sound (or, in some instances, its analogue) is<br />
transduced/transformed in<strong>to</strong> continuously variable<br />
voltages; <strong>the</strong> voltage amplitude is measured, for cur-record<br />
75<br />
cutting stylus or analogue tape recording head.<br />
Reproduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se recording formats involves tracing<br />
or reading <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>red patterns and converting <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong><br />
varying voltages which cause a speaker diaphragm <strong>to</strong> emit<br />
a pattern <strong>of</strong> sound pressures which resemble <strong>the</strong> original<br />
sound.04. 3) The recording resulting from ei<strong>the</strong>r such<br />
process. {D= digitales Aufzeichnungsverfahren;<br />
Digitalaufnahme; Es= grabación digital; F= enregistrement<br />
numérique}.<br />
digital signal {E} * Any signal which is quantized at discrete<br />
points in time.39. {D= digitales Signal; Es= señal digital; F=<br />
signal numérique}.<br />
digital video interactive (DVI) {E} * A technology for an<br />
interac-tive all-digital system that can work with and<br />
display any kind <strong>of</strong> audiovisual material, including movingimages,<br />
still-images, audio, graphics, computer data, or<br />
text. Materials can be placed on any digital s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
medium. In such a system seventy-two (72) minutes <strong>of</strong> full<br />
screen, full-motion video is possible on a standard<br />
compact disc; see also CD-. (10.) {D= ?; Es= vídeo<br />
interactivo digital; F= vidéo numérique interactive}.<br />
Digital {D} * see digital {E;F}.<br />
Digital a Analógico {Es} * see D-A {E}.<br />
Digital Analogue Converter {E} * Electronic circuitry which<br />
converts digital information in<strong>to</strong> its corresponding analogue<br />
form. {D= ?; Es= Convertidor de Analógico a Digital; F=<br />
convertisseur numérique analogique}.<br />
Digital Component Tape (DCT) {E} * A proprietary<br />
videotape format developed as a production format by<br />
Ampex. Based upon 19mm cassette, available in three<br />
sizes, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 208 minutes, it has four<br />
digital audio channels plus an analogue cue track. The<br />
machine also has <strong>the</strong> capability <strong>of</strong> switching between<br />
525/60 and 625/50 internally making it a dual standard<br />
machine. DCT uses what is generally considered <strong>to</strong> be a<br />
conservative form <strong>of</strong> signal compression. General<br />
consensus is that among <strong>the</strong> advantages <strong>of</strong> DCT is <strong>the</strong><br />
long record time, and very fast wind and rewind time due<br />
<strong>to</strong> an air pressure transport mechanism. The equipment<br />
also contains a 3.5 inch floppy disk drive for loading<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware changes. {D= ?; Es= Cinta de Componente<br />
Digital; F= Bande numérique composante}.<br />
digital-analog Wandler {D} * see digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue<br />
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.<br />
digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue converter (DAC)(DA) {E} * An electronic<br />
device used at <strong>the</strong> output <strong>of</strong> digital audio equipment <strong>to</strong><br />
convert digital numbers representing level and frequency<br />
information back <strong>to</strong> a continuously varying analogue<br />
electrical signal for playback.04. {D= digital-analog<br />
Wandler; Es= convertidor de analógico a digital; F=<br />
convertisseur numérique-analogique}.<br />
Digitalaufnahme {D} * see digital recording {E}.<br />
digitale optische Aufzeichnung {D} * see digital optical<br />
recording (DOR) {E}.<br />
digitale Platte {D} * see digital disc {E}.<br />
digitales Audio {D} * see digital audio {E}.<br />
digitales Aufzeichnungsverfahren {D} * see digital<br />
recording {E}.<br />
digitales Filter {D} * see digital filter {E}.<br />
digitales Signal {D} * see digital signal {E}.<br />
digitales Tonband {D} * see digital audio tape (DAT) {E}.
Digitalisirerung {D} * see digitization {E}.<br />
digitalización {Es} * see digitization {E}.<br />
digitization {E} * The conversion <strong>of</strong> analogue information<br />
in<strong>to</strong> a digital form.(39.) {D= Digitalisirerung; Es=<br />
digitalización; F= numérisation}.<br />
dígi<strong>to</strong> binario {Es} * see binary digit (BIT) {E}.<br />
dígi<strong>to</strong> decimal codificado binariamente {Es} * see binary<br />
coded decimal {E}.<br />
dígi<strong>to</strong> más significativo {Es} * see most significant bit<br />
(MSB) {E}.<br />
dígi<strong>to</strong> menos significativo {Es} * see least significant bit<br />
(LSB) {E}.<br />
dihedral {E} * ?? When <strong>the</strong> two heads in a videotape<br />
machine are not exactly 180 degrees apart, an error<br />
results which results in <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> each successive video<br />
field <strong>to</strong> be displaced by a small amount. {D= ?; Es= diedro;<br />
F= dièdre}.<br />
diodo electroluminiscente {Es} * see light emitting diode<br />
(LED) {E}.<br />
diodo semiconduc<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see light emitting diode (LED)<br />
{E}.<br />
diorama {E;Es;F}. * A three-dimensional representation <strong>of</strong><br />
a scene created by placing objects , figures, etc., in front<br />
<strong>of</strong> a two-dimensional painted background.03. {D= ?; F=<br />
maquette}.<br />
dióxido de cromo {Es} * see chromium dioxide {E}.<br />
dirección {Es} * see address {E;F}.<br />
dirección longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal direction {E}.<br />
direct {F} * see live {E}.<br />
direct access (computer files) {E} * The use <strong>of</strong> computer<br />
files via carriers (e.g., disks, cassettes, cartridges)<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> be inserted in<strong>to</strong> a computer or its auxiliary<br />
equipment by <strong>the</strong> user; see also remote access (computer<br />
files).(03.) {D= ?; Es= acceso direc<strong>to</strong> (archivos de un<br />
ordenador); F= accès direct}.<br />
direct image film {E} * A duplicating film which, with<br />
conventional processing, retains <strong>the</strong> same polarity as <strong>the</strong><br />
original or <strong>the</strong> previous film generation, i.e., a negative is<br />
generated from a negative or a positive generated from a<br />
positive. Sometimes call-reversing film'; see also image<br />
reversing film.01. {D= ?; Es= película de imagen directa;<br />
F= film irréversible; irréversible}.<br />
direct metal mastering (DMM) {D;E;F} * An alternative Lp<br />
or CD mastering process wherein <strong>the</strong> recording is made<br />
directly on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> metal part. {D= ?; Es= grabación directa<br />
en al zona metálica; F= distributeur}.<br />
direct positive {E} * Unique pho<strong>to</strong>graph for which <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
no negative; image is laterally reversed but <strong>to</strong>nal range<br />
correctly approximates object pho<strong>to</strong>graphed. A tintype is<br />
an example <strong>of</strong> a direct positive image.43. {D=<br />
Aufnahmegruppe; Es= copia (positivo) por contac<strong>to</strong>; copia<br />
por contac<strong>to</strong>; F= positif direct; épreuve contact}.<br />
direct print {E} * see also direct positive.<br />
direct read after write (DRAW) {D;E;Es;F} * A recording<br />
system in which data may be written (recorded) and<br />
immediately read (played back.01<br />
direct reversal film {E} * see reversal film.<br />
76<br />
direct sound {E} * In moving-image production, <strong>the</strong><br />
technique <strong>of</strong> recording sound at <strong>the</strong> same time as <strong>the</strong><br />
image is pho<strong>to</strong>graphed.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido direc<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
son direct (piste son sur pellicule)}.<br />
direct <strong>to</strong> disc recording {E} * A contemporary audio<br />
recording process which eliminates intermediate taping<br />
stages and o<strong>the</strong>r procedures --such as recording <strong>to</strong><br />
multitrack magnetic tape, mix-down, special equalization,<br />
etc.-- and returns, in a sense, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> disc recording<br />
in use before World War II, engraving <strong>the</strong> analogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
signal directly on<strong>to</strong> a blank master disc.(04.) {D=<br />
Direktschnitt; Es= grabación directa al disco; F=<br />
enregistrement direct sur disque}.<br />
directa {Es} * see contact copy {E}.<br />
directeur {F} * see direc<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es}.<br />
directeur artistique {F} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
directeur de la pho<strong>to</strong>graphie {F} * see cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy;<br />
lighting cameraman {E}.<br />
direction d'orientation {F} * see orientation direction {E}.<br />
direction longitudinale {F} * see longitudinal direction {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see live {D;E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>ire racine ? (CD-I) {F} * see root direc<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r (de escena) {Es} * see metteur en scene {E;F}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es} * The person who has overall responsibility<br />
for interpreting meaning and expression during production<br />
<strong>of</strong> a moving-image production. The extent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> direc<strong>to</strong>r's<br />
involvement can depend upon <strong>the</strong> individual, or production<br />
company, or practices within <strong>the</strong> country concerned.12.<br />
{D= Regisseur; F= directeur; metteur en scène;<br />
réalisateur}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r de decorado {Es} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r de escena {Es} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r de escenografía {Es} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r de fo<strong>to</strong>grafía {Es} * see lighting cameraman {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphy {E} * see cinema<strong>to</strong>grapher.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>rio {Es} * see direc<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>rio principal {Es} * see root direc<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>rio raíz {Es} * see root direc<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * 1) A listing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> files s<strong>to</strong>red in a computer.<br />
2) The most general division <strong>of</strong> a CD-I's programme<br />
area.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= direc<strong>to</strong>rio; F= réper<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
Direktschnitt {D} * see direct recording; direct <strong>to</strong> disc<br />
recording {E}.<br />
disaster control plan {E} * The policies, procedures, and<br />
arrange-ments intended <strong>to</strong> be put in<strong>to</strong> effect by an<br />
institution, organiza-tion, or archives in <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> a<br />
natural or man-made disaster; see also vital records<br />
management.22. A contingency plan for libraries and<br />
archives on what <strong>to</strong> do in case <strong>of</strong> various disasters (fire,<br />
flood, etc.). Such a plan should include provisions for<br />
prevention <strong>of</strong> such disasters, salvage procedures in case<br />
a disaster should occur, and replacement/res<strong>to</strong>ration<br />
measures <strong>to</strong> be taken.24. {D= Katastrophenplan;<br />
Notstandsplanung; Notstandsplan; Es= plan de<br />
emergencia; F= plan d'urgence}.
disaster planning {E} * see disaster control plan {E}.<br />
disc {E;F} * This spelling is used in o<strong>the</strong>r than computer<br />
technology: a flat, circular object used as a mechanical,<br />
optical, or magnetic s<strong>to</strong>rage medium; see also audio disc;<br />
CD-ROM; compact disc; disk; videodisc.(39.) {D= Platte;<br />
Schallplatte; Es= disco; F= disque}.<br />
disc drive {D;E} * Mechanism for sup-porting and rotating<br />
a disc.39. {Es= lec<strong>to</strong>r de disco (-s); F= unité<br />
lecteur/enregistreur de disque dur; lecteur de disque<br />
optique}.<br />
disc laque {F} * see shellac record {E}.<br />
disc mastering {E} * see mastering.<br />
disco (fonográfico) {Es} * see platter (1) {E}.<br />
disco {Es} * see disc {E;F}; disk {E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> de arquitecura extendida sólo lec<strong>to</strong>r de<br />
memoria {Es} * see compact disc-read only memory<br />
extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> de escritura única {Es} * see compact<br />
disc-write -once (CD-WO) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> de extensión interactiva {Es} * see<br />
compact disc-interactive extended (CD-IX) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> de sistema operativo a tiempo real {Es} *<br />
see compact disc-real -time operating system (CD-RTOS)<br />
{D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> interactivo {Es} * see compact discinterac-tive<br />
(CD-I) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> sólo lec<strong>to</strong>r de memoria programable {Es}<br />
* see compact disc-programmable read only memory (CD-<br />
PROM) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> sólo lec<strong>to</strong>r de memoria {Es} * see compact<br />
disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong> y vídeo {Es} * see compact disc-video<br />
(CD-V) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong>+gráficos {Es} * see compact<br />
disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong>+midi {Es} * see compact disc+midi<br />
(CD+MIDI) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong>-3 {Es} * see compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E}.<br />
disco compac<strong>to</strong>-audio digital {Es} * see compact discdigital<br />
audio (CD-DA) {D;E}.<br />
disco de aluminio {Es} * see aluminium disc {E}.<br />
disco de cera {Es} * see wax disc {E}.<br />
disco de cristal (grabación de CD) {Es} * see glass master<br />
{D;E}.<br />
disco de demostración {Es} * see demo-disc {E}.<br />
disco de goma laca {Es} * see shellac record {E}.<br />
disco de prueba {Es} * see test disc {E}.<br />
disco de reproducción inmediata (instantánea) {Es} * see<br />
instantaneous disc {E}.<br />
disco de una sola cara (grabadora) {Es} * see single sided<br />
77<br />
disc {E}.<br />
disco de vinilo {Es} * see vinyl disc {E}.<br />
disco digital {Es} * see digital disc {E}.<br />
disco electrónico capacitivo {Es} * see capacitance<br />
electronic disc (CED) {E}.<br />
disco en blanco {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.<br />
disco especial para radiodifusión {Es} * see transcription<br />
disc {E}.<br />
disco flexible {Es} * see floppy disk {E}.<br />
disco laminado {Es} * see laminated disc {E}.<br />
disco laqueado {Es} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
disco láser {Es} * see LASER disc {E}.<br />
disco magnético {Es} * see magnetic disk {E}.<br />
disco matriz {Es} * see master disc {E}.<br />
disco Nipkow {Es} * see Nipkow disk {E}.<br />
disco óptico {Es} * see optical disc {E}.<br />
disco patrón {Es} * see fa<strong>the</strong>r {E}.<br />
disco perforado {Es} * see perforated disc {E}.<br />
disco reproducido desde el centro hacia afuera {Es} * see<br />
centre start disc (CS) {E}.<br />
disco sencillo en CD {Es} * see CD-single {E}.<br />
disco sin grabar {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.<br />
disco sonora {Es} * see record; sound recording {E}.<br />
disco verde {Es} * see green disc {E}.<br />
disco virgen {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.<br />
discografía {Es} * see discography {E}.<br />
discographie {F} * see discography {E}.<br />
discography {E} * Derived from <strong>the</strong> Greek words meaning<br />
disc and <strong>to</strong> write; a bibliography <strong>of</strong> sound recordings.<br />
Though its name implies a listing <strong>of</strong> disc sound recordings,<br />
excluding those on such o<strong>the</strong>r media as tape, wire, and<br />
cylinder, in practice such a listing is generally unders<strong>to</strong>od<br />
<strong>to</strong> include all sound recordings which fall within <strong>the</strong><br />
perimeters established by <strong>the</strong> compiler.(04.) {D=<br />
Diskographie; Diskologie; Es= discografía; F=<br />
discographie}.<br />
discrete time sampling {E} * The technique <strong>of</strong> representing<br />
a wave -form at discrete instants <strong>of</strong> time.39. {D= ?; Es=<br />
muestreo discre<strong>to</strong> del tiempo; F= échantillonnage temporel<br />
discret}.<br />
disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen {Es} * see image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen Farnsworth {Es} * see Farnsworth<br />
image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
diseñador de materiales especiales {Es} * see specific<br />
materials designa<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
disimulado {Es} * see concealment {E}.<br />
disinfect {E} * To destroy harmful microorganisms or <strong>to</strong><br />
inhibit <strong>the</strong>ir activity.24. {D= desinfizieren; Es= desinfectar;
F= désinfecter}.<br />
disinfest {E} * To eliminate insects, small rodents, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
pests.24. {D= Schädlingsbekämpfung; Es= disinfestar; F=<br />
désinsectiser}.<br />
disinfestar {Es} * see disinfest {E}.<br />
disk {E} * This spelling is used in computer technology: a<br />
round magnetic device for s<strong>to</strong>ring information and<br />
programs accessible by computer; may be ei<strong>the</strong>r a rigid<br />
platter (hard disk) or a sheet <strong>of</strong> flexible plastic (floppy disk<br />
or diskette). The disk base is coated with a magnetizable<br />
material on which data can be recorded and s<strong>to</strong>red along<br />
concentric tracks as small magnetic areas forming patterns<br />
<strong>of</strong> binary digits or bits. Information is written on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> disk,<br />
and read from it in a disk drive, by read/write heads<br />
mounted on arms which move rapidly across <strong>the</strong> disk.<br />
Disks are available in several diameters, <strong>the</strong> most popular<br />
being <strong>the</strong> 3.5-inch and <strong>the</strong> 5.25-inch. {D= Platte; Diskette;<br />
Es= disco; F= disque; disquette}.<br />
disk size {E} * The nominal outside diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disk<br />
without cartridge, but including a rim or ring.(46.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= tamaño de disco; F= taille; diamètre du disque}.<br />
diskette {E} * see disk; floppy disk.<br />
Diskette {D} * see disk {E}.<br />
Diskographie {D} * see discography {E}.<br />
Diskologie {D} * see discography {E}.<br />
disminución {Es} * see shrinkage {E}.<br />
disminución progresiva de respuesta de la alta frecuencia<br />
{Es} * see high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f {E}.<br />
disolvente {Es} * see solvent {E}.<br />
disolvente acuoso {Es} * see aqueous solvent {E}.<br />
disolvente no acuoso {Es} * see nonaqueous solvent {E}.<br />
dispersion {E;F} * Distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oxide particles within<br />
<strong>the</strong> binder <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape.(46.) {D= ?; Es= dispersión}.<br />
dispersión {Es} * see dispersion {E;F}.<br />
display case {E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> protective equipment with<br />
transparent surfaces for exhibiting materials; also called<br />
exhibition case; showcase.22.23. {D= Ausstellungsvitrine;<br />
Vitrine; Es= vitrina; F= vitrine}.<br />
disponibilidad de archivos {Es} * see access (3) {E}.<br />
disposal {E} * The removal <strong>of</strong> materials from a collection.<br />
{D= Aussonderung; Skartierung; Es= disposición; arreglo;<br />
distribución; descarga; eliminación; expurgo; tría;<br />
eliminación; F= retraît; enlèvement; action de disposer}.<br />
disposal micr<strong>of</strong>ilming {E} * The use <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
micro-forms <strong>to</strong> save or recover s<strong>to</strong>rage space and<br />
equipment and <strong>the</strong> substitution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>orm for <strong>the</strong><br />
original still-image and/or textual documents which are<br />
destroyed.22.23. {D= Ersatzverfilmung; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación<br />
de sustitución; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de substitution}.<br />
disposición {Es} * see disposal<br />
dispositif à transfert de charge (DTC) {F} * see charge<br />
coupled device (CCD) {D;E}.<br />
dispositif d'échange de données {F} * see originating<br />
system {E}.<br />
78<br />
dispositif de balayage {F} * see scanner {E}.<br />
dispositif de restitution de la composante continue {F} *<br />
see DC res<strong>to</strong>rer {E}.<br />
dispositif de traitement du signal {F} * see signal<br />
processing equipment {E}.<br />
dispositif de transfert de séquences d'images animées<br />
numériques sur support film {F} * see EBR {E}.<br />
dispositivo alineador colocado en el extremo del mandril<br />
{Es} * see end gate {E}.<br />
dispositivo de conservación {Es} * see combination<br />
attachment {E}.<br />
dispositivo de exploración {Es} * see scanner {E}.<br />
dispositivo iones {Es} * see ion trap {E}.<br />
dispositivo para la visualización de vídeo {Es} * see<br />
cathode-ray tube (CRT) {E}.<br />
dispositivo proyec<strong>to</strong>r de películas sencillo {Es} * see<br />
beater mechanism {E}.<br />
Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada (estado sólido) {Es} * see<br />
charge coupled devices (CCD) {E}.<br />
Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada (semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r) {Es} * see<br />
charge coupled device (CCD) {D;E}.<br />
disque (pop) {F} * see platter {E}.<br />
disque {F} * see audio disc; disc {E;F}; disk {E}.<br />
disque à capacitance {F} * see capacitance electronic disc<br />
(CED) {E}.<br />
disque à départ central {F} * see centre start disc (CS) {E}.<br />
disque à gravure directe {F} * see instantaneous disc {E}.<br />
disque aluminium {F} * see aluminium disc {E}.<br />
disque audio {F} * see audio disc {E}.<br />
disque compact {F} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.<br />
disque compact à écriture unique et lecture multiple (CD-<br />
V{F} * see compact disc-write -once (CD-WO) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact audionumérique {F} * see compact discdigital<br />
audio (CD-DA) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact interactif {F} * see compact discinteractive<br />
(CD-I) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact intéractif étendu {F} * see compact discinteractive<br />
extended (CD-IX) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact vidéo (CD-V) {F} * see compact disc-video<br />
(CD-V) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact vidéo (CD-V) {F} * see compact disc-video<br />
(CD-V) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact+graphique {F} * see compact<br />
disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact+midi {F} * see compact disc+midi<br />
(CD+MIDI) {D;E}.<br />
disque compact-3 {F} * see compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E}.<br />
disque de cire {F} * see wax disc {E}.<br />
disque de démonstration {F} * see demo-disc {E}.
disque de laque {F} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
disque de Nipkov {F} * see Nipkow disk {E}.<br />
disque de transcription {F} * see transcription disc {E}.<br />
disque feuilleté {F} * see laminated disc {E}.<br />
disque laminé {F} * see laminated disc {E}.<br />
disque laqué {F} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
disque laser {F} * see LASER disc {E}.<br />
disque magnétique {F} * see magnetic disk {E}.<br />
disque matrice {F} * see master disc {E}.<br />
disque numérique {F} * see digital disc {E}.<br />
disque optique {F} * see optical disc {E}.<br />
disque perforé {F} * see perforated disc {E}.<br />
disque simple durée {F} * see single {E}.<br />
disque simple durée {F} * see single domain particle {E}.<br />
disque simple face {F} * see single sided disc {E}.<br />
disque test {F} * see test disc {E}.<br />
disque vierge (laque) {F} * see green disc {E}.<br />
disque vinyle {F} * see vinyl disc {E}.<br />
disquette {F} * see disk; floppy disk {E}.<br />
dissecteur d'image {F} * see image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
dissimulation d'erreurs {F} * see error concealment {E}.<br />
dissolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion {E} * see alcohol spot-test.<br />
dissolve {E} * In moving-image production, an optical or<br />
camera effect in which one scene gradually fades out at<br />
<strong>the</strong> same time that a second scene fades in; <strong>the</strong><br />
superimposition <strong>of</strong> a fade out over a fade in. Sometimes<br />
called a 'lap dissolve'. There is an apparent double<br />
exposure during <strong>the</strong> centre portion <strong>of</strong> a dissolve sequence<br />
where <strong>the</strong> two scenes overlap.(09.30.) A video switcher<br />
function that creates a smooth transition from one video or<br />
audio source <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. One source goes from 100 <strong>to</strong> 0<br />
percent as <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r goes from 0 <strong>to</strong> 100 percent. {D=<br />
Überblendung; Es= 1) encadenado; fundido; fundido<br />
encadenado; 2) interrup<strong>to</strong>r para hacer fundidos (vídeo); F=<br />
dissoudre?; enchaîné; fondu combiné à l'overture et à la<br />
fermeture; fondu enchaîné}.<br />
dissoudre? {F} * see dissolve {E}.<br />
distance focale {F} * see focal length {E}.<br />
distancia (CD) {Es} * see pitch (1) {E}.<br />
distancia focal {Es} * see focal length {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion {F} * see dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion d'intermodulation {F} * see inter-modulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (IMD) {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de gravure {F} * see tracking error {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de modulation {F} * see modulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
{E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de phase {F} * see envelope delay dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
79<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de réception {F} * see multipath {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion en coussinet {F} * see pin cushioning {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion en drapeau (de l'image) {F} * see flag-waving<br />
{E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion géométrique {F} * see geometric dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion harmonique {F} * see harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion harmonique <strong>to</strong>tale (DHT) {F} * see <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (THD) {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion linéaire {F} * see linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion non linéaire {F} * see harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion non linéaire frame{F} * see non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
{E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion oblicua {Es} * see tape skew {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion par ronronnement {F} * see hum modulation {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion trapézoïdale de l'image {F} * see keys<strong>to</strong>ning {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión {Es} * see dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión armónica {Es} * see harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión armónica <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>tal harmonic<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (THD) {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de baja frecuencia {Es} * see low frequency<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de línea {Es} * see linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de modulación {Es} * see intermodulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de retardo de envolvente {Es} * see envelope<br />
delay dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de seguimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see tracing dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión del color {Es} * see colour dis<strong>to</strong>rtions {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en cojín {Es} * see pin cushioning {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en forma de espina de pez (TV) {Es} * see<br />
herring bone {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en <strong>to</strong>nel {Es} * see barrel dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión geométrica {Es} * see geometric dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión no lineal {Es} * see non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión por intermodulación {Es} * see intermodulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (IMD) {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión por la modulación {Es} * see modulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión por [de] intermodulación {Es} * see<br />
intermodulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (IMD) {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión transi<strong>to</strong>ria {Es} * see transient dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsions de couleur {F} * see colour dis<strong>to</strong>rtions {E}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * 1) Difference between <strong>the</strong> incoming and<br />
outgoing signal in any recording (audio, moving-image,<br />
still-image, et al.); see also linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; modulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. 2) Imperfections in a lens<br />
that cause asymmetry or deformation in <strong>the</strong> image. 3) The<br />
difference in perspective between a dolly shot and a zoom
shot.(10.) {D= Verzerrung; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión; F= déformation;<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion}.<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion transi<strong>to</strong>ire {F} * see transient dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
distribución {Es} * see distribution {E;F}; disposal; partition;<br />
release {E}.<br />
distribución espectral {Es} * see spectral distribution {E}.<br />
distribuidor {Es} * see distribu<strong>to</strong>r; releaser {E}.<br />
distributeur {F} * see distribu<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
distributeur {F} * see distribu<strong>to</strong>r; releaser {E}.<br />
distribution {E;F} * The sale, lease, and/or rental <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audiovisual work, more specifically <strong>of</strong> a moving-image<br />
production.(12.) {D= ?; Es= distribución}.<br />
distribution {F} * see cast {E}.<br />
distribution copy {E} * see service copy.<br />
distribution spectrale {F} * see spectral distribution {E}.<br />
distributive control system (DCS) {E} * A computer system<br />
that moni<strong>to</strong>rs and helps <strong>to</strong> operate chemical processes.53.<br />
{D= ?; Es= sistema de control distributivo; F= système de<br />
distribution contrôlé}.<br />
distribu<strong>to</strong>r {E} * The person/s with distribution rights for a<br />
particular geographic area. {D= ?; Es= distribuidor; F=<br />
distributeur}.<br />
di<strong>the</strong>r {D;E;F} * The noise (typically analogue) added <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
input <strong>of</strong> a digital signal processing or -recording chain <strong>to</strong><br />
minimize <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> error at low -level signals; see also<br />
error correction.(39.) {Es= nerviosismo; F= bruit de<br />
tremblotement; trembloter}.<br />
division de la bande {F} * see slitting {E}.<br />
división {Es} * see partition; separation {E}.<br />
división de la bobina {Es} * see slitting {E}.<br />
divisiones en la imagen {Es} * see split screen {E}.<br />
divisor de haz {Es} * see beam splitter {E}.<br />
divisor del haz de polarización {Es} * see polarization<br />
beam splitter (PBS) {E}.<br />
DM {E} * acronym for delta modulation.<br />
DMM {E} * acronym for direct metal master.<br />
DO {E} * acronym for dropout {E}.<br />
doblaje {Es} * see dubbing; looping {E}.<br />
doblaje de música y efec<strong>to</strong>s de sonido a una grabación<br />
{Es} * see sweeting {E}.<br />
doblar {Es} * see dub (1) {E}.<br />
doble duración {Es} * see double play {E}.<br />
doble pantalla opaca {Es} * see barn doors {E}.<br />
doble pista {Es} * see double track {E}.<br />
document {E;F} * 1) A combination <strong>of</strong> a medium and <strong>the</strong><br />
information recorded on it or in it, which may be used as<br />
evidence or for consultation. 2) A single archival record or<br />
item.22.23. {D= 1) Dokument; Schriftstück; 2) Dokument;<br />
Es= 1&2) documen<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
80<br />
documentación {Es} * see documentation {E;F}.<br />
documentaire {F} * see documentary {E}.<br />
documental {Es} * see documentary {E}.<br />
documentary {E} * 1) A term which has a wide latitude <strong>of</strong><br />
meaning, but which basically signifies any audio or<br />
moving-image production which is not wholly fictional in<br />
nature. Many productions now use documentary<br />
techniques such as direct sound and available-light<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy without pretending <strong>to</strong> be in any sense nonfictional.<br />
The term was first popularized by John Grierson,<br />
an important early documentarist; see also cinemaverité.(30.)<br />
2) A moving-image production depicting actual<br />
persons and/or events.12. {D= Dokumentarfilm;<br />
Dokumentarisch; Es= documental; película documental;<br />
F= documentaire; film documentaire}.<br />
documentation {E;F} * 1) The organization and processing<br />
<strong>of</strong> materials or data including location, identification,<br />
acquisition, analysis, s<strong>to</strong>rage, retrieval, presentation, and<br />
circulation for <strong>the</strong> informa-tion <strong>of</strong> users. 2) In machinereadable<br />
records/archives, an organized series <strong>of</strong><br />
descriptive documents explaining <strong>the</strong> operating system<br />
and s<strong>of</strong>tware necessary <strong>to</strong> use and maintain a file and <strong>the</strong><br />
arrangement, content, and coding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data which it<br />
contains.(22.23.) {D= Dokumentation; Es=<br />
documentación}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see document {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see document; item; record (1) {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> falso {Es} * see forgery {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> precioso {Es} * see rare item {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> raro {Es} * see rare item {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>/s {Es} * see record {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> único {Es} * see rare item {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>s activos {Es} * see current records {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>s audiovisuales {Es} * see audiovisual<br />
archives/records data {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>s iconográficos {Es} * see iconographic<br />
archives {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>s legibles por máquina {Es} * see machinereadable<br />
records/archives {E}.<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>s legibles por máquina {Es} * see machinereadable<br />
records {E}.<br />
documents inédits (son & vid) {F} * see unedited materials<br />
{E}.<br />
Dokument {D} * see document; record {E}.<br />
Dokumentarfilm {D} * see documentary {E}.<br />
Dokumentarisch {D} * see documentary {E}.<br />
Dokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records<br />
data; documentation {E;F}.<br />
Dokumentenpapier {D} * see permanent paper {E}.<br />
Dolby {D;E;Es;F} * A family <strong>of</strong> linear noise reduction audio<br />
recording and playback circuits used <strong>to</strong> improve <strong>the</strong> signal<strong>to</strong>-noise<br />
ratio and <strong>to</strong> mute unwanted audio data. The<br />
various systems <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family are incompatible, thus a<br />
Dolby A encoded recording can only be satisfac<strong>to</strong>rily<br />
replayed by decoding it with a Dolby A decoder; see also
Dolby A, Dolby B, Dolby C, Dolby Hx pro, Dolby<br />
SR.(56.)<br />
Dolby A {D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dolby noise reduction<br />
systems, introduced in 1966, and generally restricted in<br />
use <strong>to</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional recording environments. It increases<br />
<strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio <strong>of</strong> an audio signal in which <strong>the</strong><br />
signals are divided in<strong>to</strong> 4 bands: up <strong>to</strong> 80 Hz, 80 <strong>to</strong> 3,000<br />
Hz, 3,000 <strong>to</strong> 9,000 Hz, and over 9,000 Hz, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
recombined. Some sound archivists are <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opinion that<br />
it moderates tape print through.(10.56.)<br />
Dolby B {D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dolby noise reduction<br />
systems, introduced in 1970, intended for home open-reel<br />
tape use; originally not used for tape machines recording<br />
at 15-IPS <strong>to</strong> prevent confusion with Dolby A. Beginning<br />
in 1971 it was used by <strong>the</strong> manufacturers <strong>of</strong> pre-recorded<br />
audio cassette tapes started using it <strong>to</strong> overcome <strong>the</strong> hiss<br />
<strong>of</strong> slow-moving cassettes. It has become <strong>the</strong> de fac<strong>to</strong><br />
standard for audio cassettes, and most machines for this<br />
purpose now incorporate Dolby B circuitry. It increases <strong>the</strong><br />
signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio <strong>of</strong> an audio signal in which audio<br />
frequencies above 5,000 Hz are encoded and boosted 10<br />
dB, <strong>the</strong>n recorded. Because it works on high frequencies,<br />
and because it has proved difficult <strong>to</strong> maintain <strong>to</strong> a high<br />
enough standard in a field environment, many wildlife<br />
recordists do not like it.(10.56.)<br />
Dolby C {D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dolby noise reduction<br />
systems, introduced in 1982 as a modification <strong>of</strong> Dolby B<br />
<strong>to</strong> eliminate more hiss from audio cassettes. It increases<br />
<strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio <strong>of</strong> an audio signal in which<br />
frequencies in two bands, mid-range and high frequency,<br />
are pre-emphasized and <strong>the</strong>n decoding is required for<br />
acceptable signals.(10.56.)<br />
Dolby HX-pro {D;E;Es;F} * A Dolby product, not a noise<br />
reduction system; ra<strong>the</strong>r a piece <strong>of</strong> circuitry included in a<br />
tape recording amplifier <strong>to</strong> reduce dis<strong>to</strong>rtion on high<br />
frequencies which requires no action on replay. It<br />
increases <strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio <strong>of</strong> an audio signal by<br />
adding six (6) dB <strong>of</strong> head room <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> high frequency range<br />
by reducing <strong>the</strong> bias fed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape.(10.56.)<br />
DOLBY SR {D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family <strong>of</strong> Dolby noise<br />
reduction systems, introduced in 1985 as an improvement<br />
on Dolby A, and aimed at <strong>the</strong> same market. Instead <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> line-up <strong>to</strong>ne with a warble, as in Dolby A, <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />
loud hissing sound which <strong>the</strong> decoder analyses <strong>to</strong><br />
determine whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> intervening machinery was correctly<br />
aligned, and adjusts itself accordingly. Most feel that it is<br />
<strong>the</strong> most powerful and transparent noise reduction system<br />
yet devised and that it, also, virtually cures <strong>the</strong> symp<strong>to</strong>ms<br />
<strong>of</strong> print-through. (NB SR is an acronym for spectral<br />
recording.)(10.56.)<br />
dolly {E;Es;F} * In moving-image production, a set <strong>of</strong><br />
wheels and a platform upon which <strong>the</strong> camera can be<br />
mounted <strong>to</strong> give it mobility; also called a crab dolly; see<br />
also dolly shot.(30.) {D= Kamerawagen; Es= dolly; carri<strong>to</strong><br />
móvil portacámara; carri<strong>to</strong> portacámara; F= petit chariotgrue;<br />
travelling; chariot}.<br />
dolly shot {E} * In moving-image production, a shot which<br />
uses a dolly <strong>to</strong> move <strong>the</strong> camera; almost synonymous in<br />
general usage with <strong>the</strong> term tracking shot; see also follow<br />
shot.(30.) {D= Fahraufnahme; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma de cámara<br />
rodante; <strong>to</strong>ma con dolly; F= travelling;<br />
domain {E} * In magnetic <strong>the</strong>ory, that region <strong>of</strong> a magnetic<br />
material in which <strong>the</strong> spontaneous magnetization is all in<br />
one direction. In conventional magnetic tape coatings this<br />
corresponds <strong>to</strong> one oxide particle.16. {D= ?; Es= dominio;<br />
campo de acción; F= domaine}.<br />
domaine {F} * see domain {E}.<br />
domestic record {E} * A document, <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> which is<br />
81<br />
family events, usually ga<strong>the</strong>red by an amateur. Home<br />
movies and home-made audio tape recordings are an<br />
example <strong>of</strong> domestic records; see also personal record.12.<br />
{D= ?; Es= grabación casera; F= couverture nationale}.<br />
domestique {F} * see personal record {E}.<br />
dominio {Es} * see domain {E}.<br />
données de contrôle {F} * see checksum {E}.<br />
données de synchronisation {F} * see synchronization field<br />
{E}.<br />
données numériques {F} * see information {E}.<br />
DOP {E} * acronym for developing-out-paper.<br />
dopage au cobalt {F} * see cobalt doping {E}.<br />
doppelbeschiehletes Band {D} * see double-coated tape<br />
{E}.<br />
Doppelregal {D} * see back-<strong>to</strong>-back row/shelving {E}.<br />
Doppelreihen {D} * see back-<strong>to</strong>-back row/shelving {E}.<br />
doppelreihige Aufstellung {D} * see double shelving {E}.<br />
doppelseitig {D} * see double sided (DS) {E}.<br />
doppelspiel {D} * see double play {E}.<br />
Doppelspur {D} * see double track {E}.<br />
DOR {E} * acronym for digital optical recording.<br />
dos caras {Es} * see double sided (DS); two track {E}.<br />
Dose {D} * see can {E}.<br />
dosificación {Es} * see titration {E}.<br />
dossier {F} * see file {E}.<br />
dossier classifié (protégé) {F} * see closed file {E}.<br />
doublage {F} * see dubbing {E}; sound-on-sound {D;E}.<br />
double bande .{F}. see double-system sound .{E}.<br />
double bande {F} * see double-system sound {E}.<br />
double de conservation {F} * see preservation duplicate<br />
{E}.<br />
double decomposition {E} * A chemical reaction that takes<br />
place between two compounds in which one or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
parts <strong>of</strong> one compound unite with one or more parts <strong>of</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r. The principle <strong>of</strong> double decomposition has been<br />
used in deacidification <strong>of</strong> library and archive materials, as,<br />
for example, when a soluble calcium or magnesium salt is<br />
dissolved in water and paper is immersed in it. After <strong>the</strong><br />
paper has been dried it is <strong>the</strong>n impregnated with a soluble<br />
carbonate, such as that <strong>of</strong> ammonium or sodium. Sodium<br />
carbonate and calcium chloride, for example, react <strong>to</strong> form<br />
insoluble calcium carbonate and soluble sodium chloride.<br />
The soluble sodium or ammonium chloride is removed by<br />
washing <strong>the</strong> paper with water, and it is important that <strong>the</strong><br />
chloride be removed as completely as possible, as its<br />
presence in <strong>the</strong> paper is potentially harmful. The<br />
advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> double decomposition method is its<br />
simplicity, plus <strong>the</strong> fact that a much greater alkaline<br />
reserve can be deposited in <strong>the</strong> paper than is generally<br />
possible with most o<strong>the</strong>r methods.(45) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
double piste {F} * see double track; half-track {E}.
double play {E} * Audiotape containing twice as much tape<br />
as normal; however, <strong>the</strong> tape is usually thin and prone <strong>to</strong><br />
stretch.10. {D= doppelspiel; Es= doble duración; F= double<br />
durée; double jeu}.<br />
double shelving {E} * The placing <strong>of</strong> items behind each<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r on <strong>the</strong> same shelf.22.23. {D= doppelreihige<br />
Aufstellung; Es= instalación en doble fila; instalación en<br />
doble hilers; F= rangement double; double file}.<br />
double sided (DS) {E} * A descriptive phrase indicating that<br />
a disc recording has signal recorded on both sides. {D=<br />
doppelseitig; Es= dos caras; F= double face}.<br />
double track {E} * In audio recording, designation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> recorded channels on a magnetic tape<br />
recording which uses two channels <strong>of</strong> sound on <strong>the</strong> tape,<br />
with one channel going in one direction and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
going in <strong>the</strong> opposite direction. The resulting tape<br />
recording is monaural. {D= Doppelspur; Monohalbspur;<br />
Halbspur; Es= doble pista; F= double piste}.<br />
double-coated tape {E} * Mending tape that has adhesive<br />
on both sides.(21). {D= doppelbeschiehletes Band; Es=<br />
cinta de doble revesrimien<strong>to</strong>; F= ruban double face}.<br />
double-pass optical retardation {E} * In optical discs, <strong>the</strong><br />
maximum optical path difference (in wavelengths) between<br />
any two coincidental optical beams with orthogonal<br />
polarization propagating twice through <strong>the</strong> protective layer<br />
at normal incidence.46. {D= ?; Es= retardo óptico de doble<br />
paso; F= ?}.<br />
double-system sound {E} * In moving-image production,<br />
<strong>the</strong> widely used system <strong>of</strong> recording <strong>the</strong> audio on a lighteight<br />
magnetic recording and <strong>the</strong> image on film so that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y can be synchronized in <strong>the</strong> editing process, as<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> single system sound which uses a camera<br />
which has <strong>the</strong> capability <strong>of</strong> recording sound directly on<strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> film while it is running through <strong>the</strong> camera; see also<br />
direct sound.(09.30.) {D= Zweiband - ufnahmeverfahren;<br />
Es= sonido separado; F= son separé synchrone; double<br />
bande; son separé}.<br />
downlink {E} * The technical facility for receiving television<br />
or audio signals which have been transmitted via a<br />
satellite. 2) The action <strong>of</strong> receiving a television or audio<br />
signal from a satellite. The inverse operation <strong>of</strong> a downlink<br />
is an uplink. {D= ?; Es= recepción vía satélite; F=<br />
réception}.<br />
draft {E} * 1) A rough or preliminary form <strong>of</strong> a document. 2)<br />
A written order directing <strong>the</strong> payment <strong>of</strong> money.22. {D= 1)<br />
Entwurf; Konzept; 2) Zahlungsanweisung; Es= 1) borrador;<br />
minuta; 2) orden de pago; libranza; F= 1) brouillon, 2)<br />
order écrit de paiement}.<br />
drag {E} * In magnetic tape recording, <strong>the</strong> lagging <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
tape when it contacts an element in its path (such as <strong>the</strong><br />
head, tape guides, tape bearings, or column walls),<br />
causing a tension differential across <strong>the</strong> contact area. The<br />
differential is created by friction and forces on <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> tape.46. {D= ?; Es= arrastre; F= décalage (provoqué<br />
par la friction de la bande)}.<br />
droits de reproduction mécanique {F} * see mechanical<br />
rights {E}.<br />
droop {E} * An error condition in a sample-and-hold circuit<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> held analogue value decreases.39. {D= ?; Es=<br />
hundimien<strong>to</strong>; F= affaiblissement}.<br />
drop frame time code {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> time code in which <strong>the</strong><br />
time code genera<strong>to</strong>r drops two numbers, 00 and 01, every<br />
minute except <strong>the</strong> 10th minute. Drop frame time code is<br />
necessary in NTSC colour video because <strong>the</strong> vertical rate<br />
<strong>of</strong> colour video is slightly less that 60 hertz. {D= ?; Es= tipo<br />
de código aplicable a la medición del tiempo; F= temps<br />
82<br />
codé à trame}.<br />
drop shadow {E} * An visual shadow electronically added<br />
<strong>to</strong> a video font <strong>to</strong> increase <strong>the</strong> apparent depth and<br />
sharpness. {D= ?; Es= sombra visual; F= ombrage<br />
continu; (ombre projetée)}.<br />
dropout (DO) {D;E;Es;F} * 1) In digital media, an error<br />
condition in which bits <strong>of</strong> data are incorrect or lost from a<br />
medium; generally caused by a wide variety <strong>of</strong> disc or tape<br />
defects or obstructions. 2) Any tape caused phenomenon<br />
that results in temporary or permanent loss or reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
signal for a specified length <strong>of</strong> time; most commonly<br />
caused by surface contamination where a piece <strong>of</strong> oxide<br />
shed or foreign particle adheres <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
and lifts <strong>the</strong> tape from <strong>the</strong> head. 3) Loss <strong>of</strong> signal during a<br />
radio or television broadcast. 4) Temporary loss <strong>of</strong> signal<br />
for electronic or electrical reasons during recording or<br />
playback.(04.) Video dropouts appear as black dots or<br />
lines that flash. A dropout compensa<strong>to</strong>r fills <strong>the</strong>se "holes"<br />
with material from <strong>the</strong> previous line <strong>of</strong> video in a process<br />
caller dropout correction. {Es= desprendimien<strong>to</strong>; caída de<br />
señal; F= troup de bande}<br />
dropout compensa<strong>to</strong>r (DOC) {E} * An electronic device<br />
used <strong>to</strong> fill in missing information from a magnetic<br />
videotape playback device by replacing with o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same picture. see also dropout; dropout<br />
correction. {D= ?; Es= compensador de la caída de señal<br />
[desprendimien<strong>to</strong>] ; F= compensateur de perte de niveau}<br />
dropout correction {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> filling in missing<br />
information from a magnetic videotape playback device by<br />
replacing with o<strong>the</strong>r elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same picture. {D= ?;<br />
Es= corrección de la caída de señal [desprendimien<strong>to</strong>]; F=<br />
correction de perte de niveau}.<br />
dropout count {E} * The number <strong>of</strong> drop outs detected in a<br />
given length or area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording medium.(46.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= cálculo de la caída de señal [desprendimien<strong>to</strong>]; F=<br />
décompte de perte de niveau}.<br />
Druck {D} * see print {E}.<br />
drum {E} * see also mandrel.<br />
drum {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> a videotape deck that houses <strong>the</strong><br />
video record/play heads. It is also referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong><br />
scanner or headwheel. {D= ?; Es= tambor; F= tambour;<br />
baril à titres}.<br />
dry mounting {E} * see mounting.<br />
dry silver process {E} * A silver halide film copyi-verfahren;<br />
Dry-Silber-Proceß; Es= procesado al cloruro de plata en<br />
seco; procesado en seco; F= procédé argentique}.<br />
Dry-Silber-Proceß {D} * see dry silver process {E}.<br />
drying cabinet {E} * A dust-free, metal cabinet (usually<br />
heated) that is used by a film development facility for<br />
drying film during its processing. {D= Trockenschrank; Es=<br />
armario de secado; F= armoire de séchage}.<br />
DS {E} * acronym for double sided.<br />
DSP {E} * acronym for digital signal processor.<br />
DT {E} * acronym for double track.<br />
DTC (capteurs à transfert de charges) {F} * see CCD {E}.<br />
dual track recorder {E} * Type <strong>of</strong> monophonic audio<br />
magnetic tape recorder which records or plays back half <strong>of</strong><br />
a standard ¼-inch tape in one direction and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half<br />
in <strong>the</strong> opposite direction; also known as 'two-track' or 'halftrack'.(50.16.)<br />
{D= Halbspurgerät; Es= magnetófono de<br />
dos pistas; F= enregistreur bipiste /double piste}.
dub {E} * 1) In a moving-image production, <strong>to</strong> re-record <strong>the</strong><br />
dialogue in a language o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> original or <strong>to</strong> record<br />
<strong>the</strong> dialogue in a specially-equipped studio after <strong>the</strong> film<br />
has been shot. 2) To add additional sound, music,<br />
dialogue, sound effects, etc.) <strong>to</strong> a visual presentation<br />
through a re-recording process. 3) To duplicate or <strong>to</strong> copy,<br />
as <strong>to</strong> copy <strong>the</strong> signal in one medium in<strong>to</strong>/on<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. 4)<br />
The copy resulting from <strong>the</strong> dubbing.(04.30.50.) {D=<br />
ver<strong>to</strong>nen; Es= 1) doblar; 2) añadir sonido, música, etc.; 3)<br />
convertir la señal a otro medio; 4) copia del doblaje;<br />
sonorizar; F= réenregistrement; sonoriser; dupliquer;<br />
copie; sonoriser}.<br />
dubbing {E} * 1) The addition <strong>of</strong> sound (ei<strong>the</strong>r music or<br />
dialogue) <strong>to</strong> a visual presentation through a re-recording<br />
process, which prepares a complete soundtrack (usually<br />
magnetic) that can be transferred <strong>to</strong>, and synchronized<br />
with, <strong>the</strong> visual presentation.09. 2) The art <strong>of</strong> duplicating<br />
on tape.50. 3) Combining two or more sound recordings or<br />
tracks in<strong>to</strong> a single composite; see also duplicating.(06.) 4)<br />
The copy resulting from making a dub.(04.) {D=<br />
Nachsynchronisation; Synchronisation;<br />
Mischungsynchronisation; Es= ver dub; doblaje; mezcla;<br />
boblaje; F= 1) post-sonorisation 2) repiquage 3) mixage 4)<br />
doublage; doublage; mixage-doublage}.<br />
Dunkelkammer {D} * see darkroom {E}.<br />
Dup-Material {D} * see duping material {E}.<br />
Dup-Negativ {D} * see dupe negative {E}.<br />
Dup-Positiv {D} * see exposure meter {E}.<br />
dupe (duplicate) {E} * 1) To copy an item <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
generation, as <strong>to</strong> print a duplicate negative from a positive<br />
print, 2) A copy made in this manner; see also<br />
generation.(30.40.) {D= ?; Es= duplicado; F= contretype;<br />
internégatif; copie; faire le double}.<br />
dupe negative {E} * A copy negative made ei<strong>the</strong>r from a<br />
master positive print (<strong>of</strong>ten called a fine grain) or by<br />
reversal printing from an original negative; employed for<br />
making fur<strong>the</strong>r positive copies.(06.) {D= Dup-Negativ; Es=<br />
copia del negativo; contratipo; F= contretype négatif;<br />
internégatif; contretype}.<br />
dupe positive {E} * A positive copy obtained from <strong>the</strong><br />
original negatives on a film <strong>of</strong> very fine grain allowing a<br />
very high dupe negative <strong>to</strong> be made; also known as<br />
lavender, duping print.(64.) {D= Dup-Positiv; Lavendel;<br />
Es= contratipo; copia del positivo; lavender; duplicado<br />
positivo; F= contretype positif; positif de reproduction;<br />
lavande}.<br />
duping material {E} * A film copy, or copies, ei<strong>the</strong>r positives<br />
or negatives, intended as source/s for printing fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
copies. {D= Dup-Material; Es= material de contratipo [para<br />
sacar copias]; F= copies; contretypes; materiel de contretype}.<br />
duping print {E} * see dupe positive.<br />
duplex paper {E} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper.<br />
duplex track {E} * A symmetrical, variable-area soundtrack<br />
that is opaque on <strong>the</strong> negative film.10. {D= ?; Es= pista<br />
dúplex; F= piste bidectionnelle}.<br />
duplicación {Es} * see duplicating {E}.<br />
duplicación a alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed<br />
duplication {E}.<br />
duplicado {Es} * see dupe (duplicate) {E}.<br />
duplicado de preservación {Es} * see preservation<br />
duplicate; preservation transfer copy {E}.<br />
83<br />
duplicado de un positivo original para tirar copias {Es} *<br />
see printing dupe {E}.<br />
duplicado de una cinta de vídeo original para tirar copias<br />
{Es} * see printing dupe videotape {E}.<br />
duplicado de una copia de consulta {Es} * see service<br />
duplicate {E}.<br />
duplicado positivo {Es} * see dupe positive {E}.<br />
duplicador de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed<br />
duplica<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
duplicate {E} * see dupe.<br />
duplicate negative {E} * see copy negative.<br />
duplicateur grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed duplica<strong>to</strong>r<br />
{E}.<br />
duplicating {E} * 1) A method <strong>of</strong> reproducing a recording<br />
from one medium <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r; also known as doubling,<br />
which became shortened <strong>to</strong> dubbing. 2) In cylinder<br />
recordings, a means <strong>of</strong> recording one cylinder directly <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r, or from cylinder <strong>to</strong> disc, and vice versa, using a<br />
ball reproducer stylus on <strong>the</strong> original recording linked <strong>to</strong> a<br />
cutting stylus on a blank running alongside. Before this<br />
means <strong>of</strong> reproducing was known, ca.1888, and adopted,<br />
mid-1890s, <strong>the</strong> only means <strong>of</strong> making multiple copies <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> same performance was <strong>to</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r as many recording<br />
machines as possible around <strong>the</strong> performer/s. This system<br />
<strong>of</strong> duplicating was used for cylinders until moulded<br />
cylinders were marketed.(14.) {D= Duplizierung; Es=<br />
duplicación; F= duplication}.<br />
duplication {F} * see duplicating {E}.<br />
duplication électrostatique {F} * see electrostatic process<br />
{E}.<br />
duplication grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed duplication<br />
{E}.<br />
duplication par contact (film) {F} * see bipack {E}.<br />
dupliquer {F} * see dub {E}.<br />
Duplizierung {D} * see duplicating {E}.<br />
dur {F} * see hard {E}.<br />
durabilidad {Es} * see durability {E}.<br />
durabilité {F} * see durability {E}.<br />
durability {E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which a material retains its<br />
physical properties while subjected <strong>to</strong> stress, usually<br />
expressed as a number <strong>of</strong> passes that can be made before<br />
a significant degrada-tion <strong>of</strong> output occurs divided by <strong>the</strong><br />
corresponding number that can be made using a reference<br />
copy.(46.) {D= Haltbarkeit; Es= durabilidad; F= durabilité}.<br />
duración de una cinta {Es} * see take (2) {D;E}.<br />
duración estándar {Es} * see standard play (SP) {E}.<br />
duración útil esperable {Es} * see life expectancy (LE)<br />
Duranoid {D;E;Es;F} * A semi-flexible shellac<br />
composition manufactured by <strong>the</strong> Duranoid Corp. <strong>of</strong> New<br />
Jersey, U.S., and used by Emile Berliner as a substitute for<br />
vulcanite in his early disc stamping process.(04.)<br />
Durchlaufkamera {D} * see rotary camera {E}.<br />
Durchschlagserie {D} * see chronological file {E}.
durcisseurbain tannant {F} * see hardener {E}.<br />
durée {F} * see extent {E}.<br />
durée de stabilisation {F} * see settling time {E}.<br />
durée standard {F} * see standard play (SP) {E}.<br />
duro {Es} * see hard {E}.<br />
dust jacket {E} * A paper jacket folded around books and<br />
around some audio and video recordings, for protective<br />
and advertising purposes; also called book jacket; dust<br />
wrapper; jacket; jacket cover; slipcase.(07.). {D=<br />
Schutzhülle; Staubhülle; Es= sobrecubierta; F= jaquette;<br />
chemise de protection; protege livre}.<br />
dust wrapper {E} * see dust jacket.<br />
Dust bug {D;E;Es;F} * A grooved disc record cleaning<br />
product manufactured by Cecil Watts, Ltd., <strong>of</strong> England,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> a podium, a carrying arm, and two brushes<br />
(one rolling, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r stationary) which track <strong>the</strong> disc<br />
during playback ahead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stylus.(04.)<br />
dusting {E} * Shedding <strong>of</strong> particles <strong>of</strong> filler, flour, fibre or<br />
coatings from paper during finishing, converting, printing or<br />
while in use. It can create problems <strong>of</strong> tracking with<br />
grooved recordings (discs and cylinders) as well as with<br />
film and magnetic tape.(25). {D= ?; Es= desempolvar; F=<br />
formation de poudrette; poudrage*}.<br />
DVI {E} * acronym for digital video interactive.<br />
dye {E} * A colouring material or chemical. {D= Farbst<strong>of</strong>f;<br />
Es= tinte; F= teinture}.<br />
dye stability {E} * The dark or light keeping stability <strong>of</strong> dyes<br />
in colouring elements or materials. {D= dynamischer<br />
Reibungskoeffizient; Es= estabilidad del tinte; F= stabilité<br />
du colorant}.<br />
dye-polymer {E} * An optical s<strong>to</strong>rage technology used in<br />
write-once and erasable systems.39. {D= ?; Es= polímero<br />
del tinte; F= colorant polymère}.<br />
dye-tinted base {E} * see anti-halation coating.<br />
dynamic coefficient {E} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction.<br />
dynamic coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction (UD) {E} * In magnetic tape<br />
recording, when <strong>the</strong> tape is loaded against a body by a<br />
normal force ƒn and is moving at a speed <strong>of</strong> over five-IPS;<br />
a force <strong>of</strong> ƒd is required <strong>to</strong> move <strong>the</strong> tape at steady speed;<br />
ud. =ƒd/ƒn.46. {D= ?; Es= coeficiente dinámico de fricción;<br />
F= coefficient dynamique de frottement}.<br />
dynamic cutting {E} * see montage.<br />
dynamic element matching digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue converter<br />
{E} * An analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital converter design which uses<br />
a series <strong>of</strong> current sources and switches <strong>to</strong> yield an<br />
analogue out-put.(39.) {D= ?; Es= convertidor digital a<br />
analógico de adaptación de elemen<strong>to</strong>s dinámicos; F=<br />
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique}.<br />
dynamic microphone {E} * An acoustic transducer mic<br />
which employs a moving coil in <strong>the</strong> magnetic field.(50.) {D=<br />
dynamisches Mikrophon; Es= micrófono dinámico; F=<br />
microphone dynamique; électrodynamique}.<br />
dynamic range {E} * In audio recording, 1) <strong>the</strong> ratio<br />
between <strong>the</strong> s<strong>of</strong>test and loudest sounds an audio recorder<br />
can reproduce without dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; 2) <strong>the</strong> amplitude<br />
operating range <strong>of</strong> an electrical circuit, from noise floor <strong>to</strong><br />
over-load condition; 3) <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> volume <strong>of</strong> a sound<br />
recording or a programme, measured ei<strong>the</strong>r as <strong>the</strong> range<br />
<strong>of</strong> peak values (<strong>the</strong> difference level between maximum and<br />
84<br />
minimum volumes) or <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> average volume; see<br />
also signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio.(04.39.50.) {D= Dynamik; Es=<br />
margen [gama] dinámico; F= dynamique; rapport signal ;<br />
bruit; gamme dynamique}.<br />
dynamic tape skew {E} * see tape skew.<br />
Dynamik {D} * see dynamic range {E}.<br />
Dynamikkompression {D} * see compression {E;F}.<br />
dynamique {E}{F} * see dynamic range {E}.<br />
dynamisch {D} * see moving coil {E}.<br />
dynamischer Reibungskoeffizient {D} * see dye stability<br />
{E}.<br />
dynamisches Mikrophon {D} * see dynamic microphone<br />
{E}.<br />
dyne {E;F} * The unit <strong>of</strong> force in <strong>the</strong> centimetre-gramsecond<br />
system equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> force that would give a free<br />
mass <strong>of</strong> one gram an acceleration <strong>of</strong> one centimetre per<br />
second. {D= ?; Es= dina}.<br />
e ---<br />
E-E {E;Es} * acronym for electronics <strong>to</strong> electronics. {D= ?;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
earth station {E} * An electronic facility capable <strong>of</strong> both<br />
uplinking and downlinking television and audio<br />
programming signals <strong>to</strong> satellites. {D= ?; Es= estación<br />
terrestre; F= station terrestre}.<br />
Eastmancolor {D;E;Es;F} * A trademark <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastman<br />
Kodak Co. for an integral tripack colour films<strong>to</strong>ck.(10.)<br />
éblouissement {F} * see burn-in {E}.<br />
EBR {E} * acronym for electron beam recorder. {D= ?; Es=<br />
grabado por haz de electrones; F= dispositif de transfert<br />
de séquences d'images animées numériques sur support<br />
film}.<br />
EBU {E} * acronym for European Broadcasting Union.<br />
écaillage {F} * see frilling {E}.<br />
écaillage sur le bord {F} * see edge flake (ef) {E}.<br />
écaillement {F} * see peeling {E}.<br />
écailles {F} * see flaking {E}.<br />
écartement {F} * see gap {E}.<br />
écartement tête-bande {F} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head separation<br />
{E}.<br />
écarteur de bande {F} * see tape lifter {E}.<br />
ECC {E} * acronym for error correction code.<br />
eccentric groove {E} * In disc audio grooved recordings, a<br />
locked groove whose centre is o<strong>the</strong>r than that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc,<br />
generally used <strong>to</strong> trigger mechanical operation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pickup or <strong>to</strong>ne arm; see also concentric groove.(04.) {D=<br />
?; Es= surco excéntrico; F= sillon excentré}.<br />
échantillonnage {F} * see sampling {E}.<br />
échantillonnage temporel discret {F} * see discrete time<br />
sampling {E}.<br />
échappement {F} * see releaser {E}.
échelle d'amplitude de moniteurs de pr<strong>of</strong>il {F} * see IRE<br />
{E}.<br />
échelle de gris {F} * see grey scale {E}.<br />
échelle IRE {F} * see IRE scale {E}.<br />
échelle IRE {F} * see IRE scale {E}.<br />
échelle <strong>to</strong>nale {F} * see <strong>to</strong>nal range {E}.<br />
echo {D;E} * 1) A repetition <strong>of</strong> a particular piece <strong>of</strong><br />
information, generally weakened, before (pre-) and/or after<br />
(post-) <strong>the</strong> actual signal. On a sound disc, due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
gradual relaxation <strong>of</strong> molecular tensions which occurs after<br />
<strong>the</strong> record has been pressed, and causes plastic<br />
deformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove walls, it may appear in <strong>the</strong><br />
groove before or after that which carries <strong>the</strong> playing signal.<br />
On magnetic tape, caused by magnetic print through, it<br />
occurs one turn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape before or after normal<br />
signal.(04.) 2) A reflection <strong>of</strong> a transmitted television<br />
picture, appearing as a leading or trailing "ghost" on <strong>the</strong><br />
screen <strong>of</strong> a TV receiver. {D= Resonanz; Kopiereffekt; Es=<br />
resonancia; imagen fantasma; F= écho; image fantôme;<br />
effet de copie; "accrochage"; résonance}.<br />
écho {F} * see echo; print-through {E}.<br />
écho image {F} * see ghost-image {E}.<br />
Ech<strong>the</strong>itsbestätigung {D} * see au<strong>the</strong>ntication {E}.<br />
éclairage {F} * see light; lighting {E}.<br />
éclairage auxilliaire {F} * see filler light {E}.<br />
éclairage avant ( limbo) {F} * see cameo {E}.<br />
éclairage d'appoint {F} * see set light {E}.<br />
éclairage de base {F} * see base-light {E}.<br />
éclairage de la tireuse {F} * see printer lights {E}.<br />
éclairage de tirage {F} * see printer lights {E}.<br />
éclairage direct {F} * see incident light {E}.<br />
éclairage du cyclorama {F} * see cyc light {E}.<br />
éclairage en contre-jour {F} * see back-light; backlighting<br />
{E}.<br />
éclairage fonctionnel {F} * see practical lighting {E}.<br />
éclairage général {F} * see high key light {E}.<br />
éclairage plat {F} * see flat lighting {E}.<br />
éclairement sur le plan principal {F} * see key light {E}.<br />
éclat {F} * see bloom {E}.<br />
éclater {F} * see burst {E}.<br />
écran {F} * see screen brightness {E}.<br />
écran à haut gain {F} * see high-gain screen {E}.<br />
écran acoustique {F} * see baffle {E}.<br />
écran aluminium {F} * see aluminium screen {E}.<br />
écran de contrôle {F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r {D;E}.<br />
écran diffuseur {F} * see diffuser {E}.<br />
écran diffuseur {F} * see diffuser; scrim; scrim frame {E}.<br />
85<br />
écran kinescope {F} * see projection kinescope {E}.<br />
écran large {F} * see widescreen {E}.<br />
écran panoramique {F} * see widescreen {E}.<br />
écran pare-lumière {F} * see flag; gobo {E}.<br />
écran perforé {F} * see cookie {E}.<br />
écran perlé {F} * see beaded screen {E}.<br />
écran pour montage {F} * see split screen {E}.<br />
écrêtage {F} * see clipping; {E}.<br />
écriture {F} * see write {E}.<br />
écrou de fixation {F} * see feed nut {E}.<br />
ecualizador (con circui<strong>to</strong> electrónico) {Es} * see equalizer<br />
(1, 2) {E}.<br />
ecualizador (con equipo procesador de señales) {Es} * see<br />
equalizer<br />
EDAC {E} * acronym for error detection and correction.<br />
EDC {E} * acronym for error detection code.<br />
edge {E} * 1) In a disc recording, <strong>the</strong> narrow vertical<br />
surface at <strong>the</strong> circumference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizontally held disc.<br />
2) In a cylinder recording, <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cylinder with <strong>the</strong><br />
larger diameter. 3) The edge <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape, <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
mechanical reference for <strong>the</strong> exact travel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape. Edge<br />
damages, <strong>the</strong>refore, may cause severe playback<br />
problems.(04.) {D= Kante (Bande); Es= 1) superficie<br />
vertical de un disco; 2) extremo de un cilindro para grabar;<br />
3) borde de una cinta magnética; ; F= bord; côté;<br />
périphérie; front; transition}.<br />
edge curl {E} * A stretching <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> borders or fringes <strong>of</strong> film<br />
or tape which causes <strong>the</strong> diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film/tape pack <strong>to</strong><br />
be larger near <strong>the</strong> edges than at <strong>the</strong> center; also known as<br />
lipping.(06.) {D= Bandkräuseln; Es= abarquillamien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
bords recourbés; deformation du support}.<br />
edge flake (ef) {E} * Defect term for disc and cylinder<br />
recordings which refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> peeling or flaking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
coating material from <strong>the</strong> vertical edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item; may<br />
occur with laminated and non-laminated materials. It may<br />
occur more easily than surface flake and may transpire<br />
with no damage <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sonic content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording;<br />
however, many sound archivists feel that it is an indication<br />
that <strong>the</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating layer is in danger <strong>of</strong><br />
delaminating.(04.) {D= ?; Es= escama del borde; F=<br />
écaillage sur le bord}.<br />
edge fluting {E} * A rippling deformation along <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape or motion picture film brought about<br />
because <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape/film is exposed <strong>to</strong> greater<br />
changes in <strong>the</strong> environment than <strong>the</strong> centre. It can be<br />
created by heat or humidity, or by <strong>the</strong> tape/film rubbing<br />
unevenly against <strong>the</strong> containing reel flange (sides) during<br />
playing, winding, or recording.04. {D= ?; Es= rizado del<br />
borde; F= ondulation de la bordure}.<br />
edge lift {E} * see edge roll.<br />
edge numbers {E} * A series <strong>of</strong> sequential digits placed at<br />
regular intervals, usually every 16 frames/12-inches on 35mm<br />
film and every 20 frames/6-inches on 16-mm film (in<br />
a few instances <strong>the</strong>y are every 40 frames/12-inches on 16mm<br />
film), along motion picture film for convenience in<br />
frame-for-frame matching <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera film <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> work<br />
print. The numbers are printed along one edge outside <strong>the</strong><br />
perforations on 35-mm film and between <strong>the</strong> perforations<br />
on 16-mm film. The numbers are applied at two places in
<strong>the</strong> film production cycle: when <strong>the</strong> film is being<br />
manufactured (latent film edge numbering and visible ink<br />
edge numbering) and by commercial motion picture labs<br />
(labora<strong>to</strong>ry applied edge numbering); also known as key<br />
numbers or footage numbers.(09.) {D= Fusznummer; Es=<br />
número de borde; número marginal; F= numéros de bord}.<br />
edge roll/lift {E} * The roll-<strong>of</strong>f or lift-up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer edges <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> head, caused by head wear.46. {D= ?; Es= ondulación;<br />
levantamien<strong>to</strong> del borde; F= bord émoussé}.<br />
edge waxing {E} * Lubrication with a paraffin wax-solvent<br />
solution (50 grams <strong>of</strong> paraffin wax per litre <strong>of</strong> methyl<br />
chlor<strong>of</strong>orm) applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> edge on <strong>the</strong> emulsion side <strong>of</strong><br />
35-mm and 70-mm motion picture film. All motion picture<br />
films require some lubrication <strong>to</strong> prevent problems during<br />
early projection life, but <strong>the</strong> particular rigours imposed on<br />
35-mm and 70-mm release prints during projection require<br />
such large amounts <strong>of</strong> lubrication that <strong>the</strong> projected image<br />
quality would be impaired if it were applied over <strong>the</strong> entire<br />
surface; hence, edge waxing.09. {D= ?; Es= parafinado del<br />
borde; F= lubrification par cirage}.<br />
edición (de la exposición) en paralelo {Es} * see parallel<br />
edition statement {E}.<br />
edición CMX {Es} * see CMX editing {E}.<br />
edición de inser<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see insert edit {E}.<br />
edición de la banda sonora {Es} * see soundtrack print {E}.<br />
edición electronica {Es} * see electronic editing {E}.<br />
edición manual {Es} * see manual edit {E}.<br />
edición variante {Es} * see variant edition {E}.<br />
Edison Record {E} * see Diamond Disc.<br />
Edisonschrift-Aufnahme {D} * see vertical cut {E}.<br />
edit black {E} * In video production, <strong>the</strong> time code signal<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r reference material are recorded along <strong>the</strong> entire<br />
length <strong>of</strong> a Master videotape with no gaps or breaks. {D=<br />
?; Es= da<strong>to</strong>s grabados a lo largo de la cinta de vídeo; F=<br />
piste de service de la bande master vidéo}.<br />
edit block {E} * A metal block cut precisely <strong>to</strong> hold a piece<br />
<strong>of</strong> magnetic tape, allowing an exact physical editing. {D=<br />
?; Es= almohadilla [bloque metálico] de montaje; F= bloc<br />
de montage}.<br />
edit decision list (EDL) {E} * A list <strong>of</strong> edits defined with time<br />
code and reel numbers used <strong>to</strong> assemble a video<br />
presentation. {D= ?; Es= lista de decisiones de montaje;<br />
F= liste de décisions de montage}.<br />
editados {Es} * see non-print materials {E}.<br />
editar {Es} * see cut {E}.<br />
edited master videotape {E} * The completed videotape<br />
production which has been edited with test bars, slate, and<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne ready for showing or broadcast. {D= ?; Es= cinta<br />
matriz de vídeo editada; F= bande vidéo master éditée}.<br />
editing bench {E} * see editing table.<br />
editing machine {E} * see editing table.<br />
editing table {E} * A motion picture film work surface<br />
containing film rewinds, viewers, splicers, et al.; also called<br />
an editing bench.(10.) {D= Schneidetisch; Es= mesa de<br />
montaje; F= table de montage}.<br />
edition {E} * The particular size, format, duration, sequence<br />
<strong>of</strong> scenes or events, and/or mixing <strong>of</strong> a particular<br />
86<br />
production. 2) The <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> copies <strong>of</strong> such a<br />
production published at one time. 3) One <strong>of</strong> several<br />
versions <strong>of</strong> a multiple-version broadcast, such as <strong>the</strong> 6:30<br />
edition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> news as opposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 7:00 edition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
news; see also variation with minor changes; version with<br />
major changes. {D= ?; Es= 1) tamaño, forma<strong>to</strong>, etc y<br />
montaje de una producción; 2) número de copias de una<br />
publicación; 3) una de las varias versiones de una<br />
emisión; F= édition}.<br />
edition statement {E} * A word or phrase, or a group <strong>of</strong><br />
characters, indicating that an item belongs <strong>to</strong> a particular<br />
version or variation. The edition statement may include<br />
statements <strong>of</strong> responsibility and parallel and additional<br />
edition statements.(12.) {D= ?; Es= edi<strong>to</strong>rial; F= mention<br />
d'édition}.<br />
édition (insertion) manuelle {F} * see manual edit {E}.<br />
édition {F} * see edition {E}.<br />
édition assistée par ordinateur {F} * see CMX editing {E}.<br />
édition de la liste de décisions {F} * see way-<strong>of</strong>f-line {E}.<br />
édition parallèle {F} * see parallel edition statement {E}.<br />
édition variante {F} * see variant edition {E}.<br />
edi<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es} * The person in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> editing;<br />
also called <strong>the</strong> cutter in motion picture film<br />
productions.(30.) {D= Cutter; Schnittmeister; Es=<br />
montador; F= monteur; éditeur (pupitre); chef monteur}.<br />
edi<strong>to</strong>rial {Es} * see edition statement {E}.<br />
EDL {E;F} * acronym for edit decision list. {D= ?; Es= lista<br />
de decisiones de montaje}.<br />
EDTV {E} * acronym for enhanced definition te-image<br />
production designed <strong>to</strong> inform, edify, or instruct.12. {D=<br />
Unterrichtsfilm; Unterrichtsvideo; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
educational film/video {E} * A moving-image production<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> inform, edify, or instruct.12. {D=<br />
Unterrichtsfilm; Unterrichtsvideo; Es= película educativa<br />
[didáctica]; F= film éducatif; vidéo éducative;}<br />
EF {E} * acronym for edge flake.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> banda {Es} * see head banding {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> banda {Es} * see head banding {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> Callier {Es} * see Callier effect {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> de la capa de aire {Es} * see air-layer effect {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> de lluvia {Es} * see rain {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> de persiana {Es} * see head banding {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> de reciprocidad {Es} * see reciprocity effect {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> persiana {Es} * see banding {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> radial {Es} * see spoking {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> trapecial {Es} * see keys<strong>to</strong>ning {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see effects {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong>s especiales {Es} * see special effects {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong>s ópticos {Es} * see optical effects {E}.<br />
efec<strong>to</strong>s sonoros {Es} * see sound effects {E}.
effacement {F} * see blanking; erasing; wipe {E}.<br />
effacement accidentel {F} * see accidental erasure {E}.<br />
effacement sélectif {F} * see selective erasure {E}.<br />
effacer {F} * see erase {E}.<br />
effaceur <strong>to</strong>tal {F} * see bulk eraser {E}.<br />
effects {E} * Functions in a video switcher which occur<br />
during a frame or line. The switcher output is <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong><br />
two or more signals in some proportion. Effects<br />
electronically create a composite <strong>of</strong> visual images, ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
natural or artificial. {D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong>s; F= effets; trucages;<br />
bruitages}.<br />
effet Callier {F} * see Callier effect {E}.<br />
effet d'éblouissament {F} * see bloom {E}.<br />
effet de bande (TV) {F} * see banding; head banding {E}.<br />
effet de brouillard {F} * see fog {E}.<br />
effet de comète {F} * see comet tail {E}.<br />
effet de copie {F} * see echo {E}.<br />
effet de copie {F} * see echo; print-through {E}.<br />
effet de coussin d'air {F} * see air-layer effect {E}.<br />
effet de persienne {F} * see banding; head banding;<br />
horizontal (hum) bars {E}.<br />
effet de pluie {F} * see rain {E}.<br />
effet de réciprocité {F} * see reciprocity effect {E}.<br />
effet en mur de brique {F} * see brickwall {E}.<br />
effet <strong>to</strong>nneau? {F} * see barrel dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
effet vidéo {F} * see splash {E}.<br />
effets {F} * see effects {E}.<br />
effets optiques {F} * see optical effects {E}.<br />
effets sonores {F} * see sound effects {E}.<br />
effets spéciaux {F} * see special effects {E}.<br />
efficacité {F} * see sensitivity {E}.<br />
EFM {E} * acronym for eight-<strong>to</strong>-fourteen modulation.<br />
EFP {E} * acronym for electronic field production.<br />
égalisateur {F} * see equalizer {E}.<br />
égalisation (EQ) {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.<br />
égalisation (vidéo) {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.<br />
égalisation générale {F} * see sweetening {E}.<br />
égaliseur {F} * see equalizer {E}.<br />
EIA {E;Es} * acronym for Electronic Industries Association.<br />
{D= ?; F= AIE}.<br />
EIAJ {E;Es} * acronym for Electronic Industry Association<br />
<strong>of</strong> Japan. {D= ?; F= association des industries<br />
électroniques du Japon}.<br />
EIAJ cassette {E} * A ½" videotape cassette format <strong>to</strong> EIA<br />
87<br />
standards which encloses <strong>the</strong> standard EIAJ-1 half inch<br />
tape. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
EIAJ-1 {E;F} * A ½" open reel videotape format <strong>to</strong> EIA<br />
standards. {D= ?; Es= tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete<br />
abier<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
EIAJ-2 {E;F} * A ½" videotape format similar <strong>to</strong> EIAJ-1<br />
format, but with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> a converted subcarrier<br />
colour system. {D= ?; Es= tipo de cinta de vídeo con<br />
carrete abier<strong>to</strong> con un sistema de color distin<strong>to</strong> al EIAJ-1;<br />
F= élément}.<br />
Eidophor {E;F} * A video projection system used in<br />
<strong>the</strong>aters where a large bright display is required. Its light<br />
source is an arc light and <strong>the</strong> image is formed by a<br />
complex electro-optical system. {D= ?; Es= sistema para<br />
la proyección de un vídeo en un cine}.<br />
eight-<strong>to</strong>-fourteen modulation (EFM; 8-<strong>to</strong>-14) {E} * In CD<br />
technology, <strong>the</strong> pulse code modulated signal produced by<br />
analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital conversion in a simple non-return-<strong>to</strong>zero<br />
bit stream <strong>of</strong> ones and zeros. EFM is applied <strong>to</strong><br />
produce a signal format suitable for recording and<br />
introduces a unique synchronization pattern <strong>to</strong> each frame<br />
<strong>of</strong> audio information.(10.) {D= ?; Es= modulación ocho a<br />
ca<strong>to</strong>rce; F= modulation de huit à qua<strong>to</strong>rze}.<br />
Einergang {D} * see single-frame exposure {E}.<br />
Eingabedaten/Ausgabedaten {D} * see input/output (I/O)<br />
{E}.<br />
Eingang {D} * see channel; input {E}.<br />
Eingang {D} * see input {E}.<br />
Eingang am Mischpult {D} * see channel {E}.<br />
Eingangsignal {D} * see input signal {E}.<br />
Einheit {D} * see item {E}.<br />
Einkleben {D} * see tipping-in {E}.<br />
Einlagerung {D} * see shelving {E}.<br />
Einlauf-Auslauf-Rille {D} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.<br />
Einmessung {D} * see alignment {E}.<br />
Einsatz {D} * see insert {E;F}.<br />
Einstellung {D} * see shot {E}.<br />
Eintrag {D} * see entry {E}.<br />
Einz/elbildaufnahme {D} * see s<strong>to</strong>p-motion pho<strong>to</strong>graphy<br />
{E}.<br />
Einzelbild-Aufnahme {D} * see single-frame exposure {E}.<br />
Einzelbildvergrösserung {D} * see blow-up {E}.<br />
einzelne Tonspur {D} * see single track {E}.<br />
Eisenoxid {D} * see ferric oxide {E}.<br />
eje de rotación del <strong>to</strong>cadiscos {Es} * see spindle (1) {E}.<br />
eje mo<strong>to</strong>r (vídeo) {Es} * see capstan {E}.<br />
eje óptico {Es} * see pan {E}.<br />
ejecución {Es} * see implementation {E;F}.<br />
ejecución original {Es} * see original performance {E}.<br />
ejemplar de depósi<strong>to</strong> legal (derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r) {Es} * see
deposit copy (copyright) {E}.<br />
elaborador {Es} * see processor {E}.<br />
elasticidad {Es} * see elasticity {E}.<br />
élasticité {F} * see compliance; elasticity; yield strength<br />
{E}.<br />
elasticity {E} * The capacity <strong>of</strong> an object <strong>to</strong> return <strong>to</strong> its<br />
original shape or place after deflection or displacement.<br />
For example, in film or tape, this is <strong>the</strong> materials capacity<br />
<strong>to</strong> 'unstretch' after handling or winding; in a disc, <strong>the</strong><br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove walls <strong>to</strong> return <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir original<br />
shapes after playing.(04.) {D= Elastizität; Es= elasticidad<br />
; F= élasticité}.<br />
elcaset {D;E;F;Es} * An audio cassette format using<br />
quarter-inch tape playing at 3.5 cm/s.<br />
eldim {F} * see picture element (PIXEL) {E}.<br />
electrical recording {E} * 1) An audio recording made with<br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> microphones and o<strong>the</strong>r electronic media as<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> an acoustical recording. 2) The system <strong>of</strong><br />
audio recording introduced on a large scale in 1925 by <strong>the</strong><br />
major records labels (Vic<strong>to</strong>r, Columbia, Gramophone, etc.)<br />
that involves <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a microphone and amplifier,<br />
replacing acoustical recording. Simply put, <strong>the</strong> conversion<br />
<strong>of</strong> acoustical sound waves from a source in<strong>to</strong> electrical<br />
energy, an image <strong>of</strong> which is transduced in<strong>to</strong> a modulated<br />
groove <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording and later reconverted in<strong>to</strong><br />
acoustical sound waves through <strong>the</strong> playback system; all<br />
sound recording since this period has depended on some<br />
form <strong>of</strong> electrical recording.(04.) {D= elektrische<br />
Aufnahme; Es= grabación eléctrica; F= enregistrement<br />
électronique}.<br />
electrical transcription (ET) {E} * A 16-inch analogue signal<br />
audio disc, usually standard groove, used <strong>to</strong> record a 15<br />
minute programme, or a 15 minute segment <strong>of</strong> a longer<br />
programme. {D= ?; Es= transcripción eléctrica; F=<br />
transcription électronique}.<br />
electridad estática {Es} * see static {E}.<br />
électrodynamique {F} * see dynamic microphone {E}.<br />
électr<strong>of</strong>ormage {F} * see electr<strong>of</strong>orming {E}.<br />
electr<strong>of</strong>orming {E} * The production <strong>of</strong> metal impressions<br />
from masters or sub-masters in <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> disc<br />
media (78s, Lps, CDs, video discs, etc.) for disc pressing.<br />
{D= Galvanisierung; Es= electroplastia; formación<br />
electrolítica; F= électr<strong>of</strong>ormage}.<br />
electron beam recorder (EBR) {E} * An electronic machine<br />
which produces a film from a video signal by scanning and<br />
exposing <strong>the</strong> film with an electron beam. {D= ?; Es=<br />
grabación por haz de electrones; F= enregistreur par<br />
faisceau électronique}.<br />
electron gun {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> a cathode ray tube in a<br />
video moni<strong>to</strong>r or TV receiver that produces <strong>the</strong> electron<br />
beams. {D= ?; Es= pis<strong>to</strong>la electrónica; F= canon à<br />
électrons}.<br />
electronic editing {E} * The editing <strong>of</strong> electronic media by<br />
means <strong>of</strong> electronic buffers, such as in helical-scan video<br />
formats, as well as in all digital formats. {D= elektronischer<br />
Schnitt; Es= edición electronica; F= montage<br />
électronique}.<br />
electronic field production (EFP) {E} * Highly specialized<br />
television equipment used in <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> program<br />
information from occasional locations outside <strong>the</strong><br />
established studio. {D= ?; Es= producción de un campo<br />
electrónico; F= production légère; vidéo légère (EFP)}.<br />
88<br />
electronic hygrometer {E} * An hygrometer operated by <strong>the</strong><br />
action <strong>of</strong> electrons. {D= elektronisches Hygrometer;<br />
electronic Hygrometer; Es= higrómetro electrónico; F=<br />
hygromètre électronique}.<br />
electronic Hygrometer {D} * see electronic hygrometer {E}.<br />
electronic news ga<strong>the</strong>ring (ENG) {E} * Highly specialized<br />
television equipment used in <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong> news<br />
material from occasional locations outside <strong>the</strong> established<br />
studio. {D= ?; Es= recogida electrónica de noticias; F=<br />
reportage télévisuel : JET}.<br />
electronic records {E} * see machine-readable records.<br />
Electronic Industry Association <strong>of</strong> Japan {Es} * see EIAJ<br />
{E}.<br />
electronics <strong>to</strong> electronics (E-E) {E;Es} * A process in a<br />
videotape deck where <strong>the</strong> input video signal is routed<br />
through all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> record and play circuitry except for <strong>the</strong><br />
heads <strong>the</strong>mselves. {D= ?; F= canal électronique}.<br />
Electronics Industries Association {Es} * see EIA {E}.<br />
electropho<strong>to</strong>graphic film {E} * A film base coated with a<br />
light-sensitive pho<strong>to</strong>conduc<strong>to</strong>r which retains its sensitivity<br />
through repeated exposures and which, through<br />
electrostatic processing, permit <strong>the</strong> updating <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />
and micr<strong>of</strong>iche by <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> new microimages and <strong>the</strong><br />
overprinting <strong>of</strong> superseded images.(40.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
película electrográfica; F= film électropho<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
electroplastia {Es} * see electr<strong>of</strong>orming {E}.<br />
electrostatic charge {E} * The build up on tape or disc<br />
surfaces <strong>of</strong> electrical charges through friction. Discharging<br />
during playback may cause audible 'clicks'. It also causes<br />
dust <strong>to</strong> be attracted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc or tape surface, which, if<br />
severe enough, can seriously interfere with <strong>the</strong><br />
performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pickup cartridge or head.(04.) {D=<br />
elektrostatische Aufladung; Es= carga electrostática; F=<br />
charge électrostatique}.<br />
electrostatic process {E} * A direct, dry reproduction stillimage<br />
or textual data duplication process which creates<br />
copies on ordinary paper in an au<strong>to</strong>matic machine using<br />
electrical pho<strong>to</strong>conductivity; also known as<br />
Xerography.(22.23.) {D= elektrostatisches<br />
Kopierverfahren; Es= xerografía; procedimien<strong>to</strong><br />
electroestático; F= reproduction électrostatique;<br />
xérographie}.<br />
elektrische Aufnahme {D} * see electrical recording {E}.<br />
Elektrodynamisch {D} * see moving coil {E}.<br />
Elektromagnetisch {D} * see moving magnet {E}.<br />
Elektronenröhre {D} * see vacuum tube {E}.<br />
Elektronische Datenverarbeiteung (EDV) {D} * see<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic data processing {E}.<br />
elektronischer Schnitt {D} * see electronic editing {E}.<br />
elektronisches Hygrometer {D} * see electronic hygrometer<br />
{E}.<br />
elektrostatische Aufladung {D} * see electrostatic charge<br />
{E}.<br />
elektrostatisches Kopierverfahren {D} * see electrostatic<br />
process {E}.<br />
element {E} * 1) A word, phrase, or a group <strong>of</strong> characters<br />
repre-senting a distinct unit <strong>of</strong> bibliographic information<br />
and forming part <strong>of</strong> an area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bibliographic
description.12. 2) The smallest detail distinguishable in a<br />
video scanning line; in colour televi-sion, a dot. 3) One<br />
optical part <strong>of</strong> a lens. 4) A constituent part <strong>of</strong> a circuit,<br />
device, picture, soundtrack, et al.(10.) 5) An electri-cal<br />
device, such as a genera<strong>to</strong>r, resis<strong>to</strong>r, induc<strong>to</strong>r, capaci<strong>to</strong>r,<br />
electronic valve, electronic tube, or line, with terminals by<br />
which it may be connected <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r electrical devices.07.<br />
{D= ?; Es= elemen<strong>to</strong>; F= élément}.<br />
élément {F} * see element {E}.<br />
élément antistatique {F} * see antistatic element {E}.<br />
élément binaire {F} * see bit {E}.<br />
élément de codage {F} * see component coding {E}.<br />
élément de sécurité {F} * see protection master {E}.<br />
elemen<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see component; element {E}.<br />
elemen<strong>to</strong>s de identificación serial {Es} * see series<br />
statement {E}.<br />
elemen<strong>to</strong>s de programación {Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>tware {D;E}.<br />
elemen<strong>to</strong>s físicos de un ordenador {Es} * see hardware<br />
{E}.<br />
éléments d'identification de séries {F} * see series<br />
statement {E}.<br />
elenco (de artistas) {Es} * see talent {E}.<br />
elenco {Es} * see list {E}.<br />
elim <strong>of</strong> maerialsinación de rasguños {Es} * see scratch<br />
removal {E}.<br />
eliminación {Es} * see destruction; disposal {E}.<br />
eliminación de arañazos {Es} * see scratch removal {E}.<br />
eliminación de burbujas mediante una plegadera {Es} *<br />
see bone (<strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> boning) {E}.<br />
eliminación de la capa antihalo {Es} * see backing removal<br />
élimination {F} * see destruction {E}.<br />
élimination de la couche anti-halo {F} * see backing<br />
removal {E}.<br />
embalaje con papel cel<strong>of</strong>án termosellado {Es} * see shrink<br />
wrap {E}.<br />
emballage sous film rétractable {F} * see shrink wrap {E}.<br />
embobiner {F} * see roll {E}.<br />
embossing {E} * 1) The raising <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> a material<br />
in a relief pattern by use <strong>of</strong> a die.(10.) 2) The resulting<br />
page, paper, book cover, etc. 3) In sound recording, <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> a recording stylus with a rounded tip that displaces<br />
<strong>the</strong> material in <strong>the</strong> recording medium and shoved upward<br />
as two small ridges at <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grooves. The<br />
frequency response <strong>of</strong> such recordings, whe<strong>the</strong>r cylinder,<br />
disc, belt, or film based, is ra<strong>the</strong>r limited, and <strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong><br />
noise ration will vary with different types <strong>of</strong> recording<br />
material. 4) The resulting sound recording; see also<br />
ferrotyping; indentation recording.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
estampación en relieve; F= enregistrement par<br />
embossage; graveur en relief}.<br />
embutidor {Es} * see inserter {E}.<br />
émetteur {F} * see broadcast station {E}.<br />
emisión {Es} * see broadcast {E;F}; issue {E}.<br />
89<br />
emisión en direc<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see live {D;E}.<br />
emisión en vivo {Es} * see live {D;E}.<br />
emisora {Es} * see broadcast station (1) {E}.<br />
émission {F} * see broadcast {E;F}.<br />
émoussé {F} * see gap smear {E}.<br />
empalmador de cinta (operario) {Es} * see tape splicer {E}.<br />
empalmadora {Es} * see splicer {E}.<br />
empalmadora película {Es} * see butt splicer {E}.<br />
empalmar {Es} * see splicing {E}.<br />
empalme {Es} * see splicing {E}.<br />
empalme de cinta {Es} * see lap splice {E}.<br />
empalme de cinta {Es} * see lap splice {E}.<br />
empalme de pixel {Es} * see pixel pairing {E}.<br />
empalme sonoro defectuoso {Es} * see bloop {E}.<br />
empalmes {Es} * see buildup (1) {E}.<br />
empañado {Es} * see muddy {E}.<br />
Empfindlichkeit {D} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity {E}.<br />
emphasis {E} * The increasing <strong>of</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audio recording by boosting <strong>the</strong> high frequencies during<br />
recording and de--emphasizing or correspondingly<br />
attenuating <strong>the</strong>m during play-back.(39.). Both emphasis &<br />
de-emphasis are used also in some video recording<br />
formats. The inverse operation <strong>of</strong> emphasis is deemphasis.<br />
{D= Anhebung; Vorverzerrung; Es= énfasis; F=<br />
accentuation}.<br />
empreinte par transfert {F} * see surface imprint {E}.<br />
empuje lateral {Es} * see skating {D;E}.<br />
empuje lateral en el surco (efec<strong>to</strong> brazo <strong>to</strong>cadiscos) {Es}<br />
* see groove skating {E}.<br />
emulsion {D;E} * In still- and moving-image film media, a<br />
gelatinous coating <strong>of</strong> specific chemicals on a transparent<br />
base. The chemicals are such that when <strong>the</strong>y are exposed<br />
<strong>to</strong> radiant energy <strong>the</strong>y react and create a latent<br />
image.(22.10.23.) {D= Schicht; Es= emulsión; F= surface<br />
sensible; émulsion}.<br />
emulsion layer {E} * The stratum on pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or<br />
paper that contains <strong>the</strong> image-forming light-sensitive<br />
substances or pho<strong>to</strong>conduc<strong>to</strong>rs. {D= ?; Es= capa de<br />
emulsión; F= couche d'émulsion}.<br />
emulsion side {E} * The side <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or paper<br />
which carries <strong>the</strong> image-forming light-sensitive substances<br />
or pho<strong>to</strong>condu-c<strong>to</strong>rs. {D= Schichtseite; Es= lado emulsíon;<br />
F= face émulsion; côté émulsion}.<br />
emulsion speed {E} * The sensitivity <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film<br />
materials <strong>to</strong> light as measured against a scale devised by<br />
<strong>the</strong> a body such as <strong>the</strong> ASA. In such a measurement <strong>the</strong><br />
faster <strong>the</strong> speed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck, <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>the</strong> number rating,<br />
<strong>the</strong> greater <strong>the</strong> sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light. High speed films<br />
generally have a rougher grain than slow speed films.(09.)<br />
{D= Empfindlichkeit; Es= sensibilidad (emulsión); F=<br />
vitesse d'émulsion; sensibilité}.<br />
emulsión {Es} * see emulsion {D;E}; material; gelatin<br />
emulsion {E}.
emulsión coloidal {Es} * see colloid emulsion {E}.<br />
emulsión de albúmina {Es} * see albumen emulsion {E}.<br />
emulsión de gelatina {Es} * see gelatin emulsion {E}.<br />
emulsión or<strong>to</strong>cromática {Es} * see orthochromatic film {E}.<br />
emulsión pancromática {Es} * see panchromatic film {E}.<br />
émulsion colloïdale {F} * see colloid emulsion {E}.<br />
émulsion d'albumen {F} * see albumen emulsion {E}.<br />
émulsion d'un film {F} * see coating {E}.<br />
émulsion panchromatique {F} * see panchromatic film {E}.<br />
en asociación con {Es} * see co-operation/in association<br />
with {E}.<br />
en croissant {F} * see pin cushioning {E}.<br />
en décor naturel {F} * see locatgion {E}.<br />
en décor naturel {F} * see location {E}.<br />
en état neuf {F} * see mint {E}.<br />
en extérieur (<strong>to</strong>urnage) {F} * see location {E}.<br />
en extérieur (<strong>to</strong>urnage) {F} * see location {E}.<br />
en fase {Es} * see in-phase {E}.<br />
en ligne {F} * see on-line {E}.<br />
en línea {Es} * see on-line {E}.<br />
en phase {F} * see in-phase {E}.<br />
en temps réel {F} * see real-time {E}.<br />
en-tête ? (doc) {F} * see tracing {E}.<br />
en-tête {F} * see header field; heading {E}.<br />
encabezamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see heading {E}.<br />
encadenado {Es} * see dissolve {E}.<br />
encadenamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see linkage {E}.<br />
encapsulación {Es} * see encapsulation {E}.<br />
encapsulation {E;F} * A method <strong>of</strong> protective enclosure for<br />
flat objects (pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, paper) which involves placing<br />
<strong>the</strong> item between two sheets <strong>of</strong> transparent polyester film<br />
that are subse-quently sealed around two or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
edges. The object is thus physically supported and<br />
protected from <strong>the</strong> atmosphere and during handling. The<br />
object may, however, continue <strong>to</strong> deteriorate in <strong>the</strong><br />
capsule. Because <strong>the</strong> object is not affixed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> polyester,<br />
it can be removed by cutting one or more edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
polyester.17. {D= ?; Es= encapsulación; F= ?}.<br />
encart J {F} * see j card {E}.<br />
enceinte bass-reflex {F} * see bass reflex speaker<br />
enclosure {E}.<br />
enchaîné (superimposition) {F} * see super {E}.<br />
enchaînement {F} * see change-over {E}.<br />
enclavamien<strong>to</strong> (dispositivo de) de protección {Es} * see<br />
interlock {E}.<br />
90<br />
enclosed horn gramophone {E} * see enclosed horn<br />
phonograph.<br />
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone {E} * An acoustic<br />
audio playback machine with an enclosed horn, placed out<br />
<strong>of</strong> sight inside <strong>the</strong> case or cabinet; <strong>the</strong> case or cabinet<br />
frequently had doors, louvers, or cloth <strong>to</strong> hide <strong>the</strong> outlet<br />
and, some believe, <strong>to</strong> control <strong>the</strong> volume. These models<br />
came in several types: hornless gramophones had<br />
moderately sized cabinets for <strong>the</strong> table <strong>to</strong>p, with no <strong>to</strong>p, but<br />
with <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne arm turned down in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> horn fitted below<br />
<strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r deck; if fitted with a <strong>to</strong>p, this became a table<br />
model; and an upright model <strong>of</strong> some greater width than<br />
depth was termed a cabinet model.(14.) {D= ?; Es= trompa<br />
acústica de fonógrafo [gramófono]; F= phonographe /<br />
gramophone à pavillon interne}.<br />
enclosure {E} * Various types <strong>of</strong> protective containers<br />
(sleeves, boxes, cans, etc.) constructed for temporary or<br />
permanent s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> material. {D= ?; Es= ?estuches<br />
{Es}.; F= pochette, boîtier}.<br />
encolado {Es} * see splice {E}.<br />
encrassement des têtes {F} * see head clog {E}.<br />
encuadre {Es} * see framing; mise-en-shot {E;F}.<br />
encuadre de espaldas a la vista general {Es} * see pullback<br />
shot {E}.<br />
encubrimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see concealment {E}.<br />
encubrimien<strong>to</strong> de error {Es} * see error concealment {E}.<br />
end gate {E} * A device at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mandrel on <strong>the</strong><br />
cylinder machine which aligned <strong>the</strong> mandrel shaft <strong>to</strong> run in<br />
conical bearings at ei<strong>the</strong>r end, one <strong>of</strong> which was set in <strong>the</strong><br />
end gate. A shortened end gate was called a swingarm.(14.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= dispositivo alineador colocado en el<br />
extremo del mandril; F= gravure}.<br />
end groove {E} * see concentric groove.<br />
END {E} * acronym for equivalent neutral density.<br />
end-<strong>of</strong>-tape marker/sensor {E} * A device that<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matically s<strong>to</strong>ps a magnetic tape when <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
tape is reached.(10.) {D= ?; Es= sensor [señal] de fin de<br />
cinta; F= marqueur/détecteur de fin de bande}.<br />
Ende {D} * see tail {E}.<br />
Endlosschleife {D} * see binloop; loop {E}.<br />
enduit {F} * see backing; coating {E}.<br />
enduit antihalo {F} * see antihalation coating {E}.<br />
endurecedor {Es} * see hardener {E}.<br />
endurecimien<strong>to</strong> preliminar de la película {Es} * see<br />
forehardened film {E}.<br />
energía radiante {Es} * see light {E}.<br />
énfasis {Es} * see emphasis {E}.<br />
enfermedad del vinagre {Es} * see vinegar syndrome<br />
{D;E}.<br />
enfocar {Es} * see focus {E}.<br />
enfoque au<strong>to</strong>mático {Es} * see au<strong>to</strong> focus (1) {E}.<br />
enfoque con poca pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de campo {Es} * see<br />
shallow focus {E}.
enfoque continuo {Es} * see follow focus {E}.<br />
enfoque de pr<strong>of</strong>undidad {Es} * see deep focus {E}.<br />
enfreindre {F} * see infringe {E}.<br />
ENG {E} * acronym for electronic news ga<strong>the</strong>ring. {D= ?;<br />
Es= Recogida Electrónica de Noticias; F= JET}.<br />
Englisches Trickfilm-Verfahren {D} * see travelling matte<br />
{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
engraving {E} * 1) The cutting or etching <strong>of</strong> letters, designs,<br />
etc., in or on a object, usually a metal plate. 2) The act or<br />
art <strong>of</strong> one who makes such a plate. 3) The plate resulting<br />
from such an act. 4) For still images, a metal plate used <strong>to</strong><br />
produce a design or drawing; also called a cut. 5) A print<br />
made from an engraving.(10.) 6) For sound recordings, <strong>the</strong><br />
most common type <strong>of</strong> disc recording in which some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
disc or <strong>the</strong> disc coating material is removed from <strong>the</strong> disc<br />
as <strong>the</strong> cutting stylus makes <strong>the</strong> groove.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
grabado; F= graveur}.<br />
engrudo {Es} * see paste {E}.<br />
Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) {D;E} * A high<br />
quality NTSC compatible television picture at a lower<br />
resolution than HDTV.(10.) {Es= televisión de definición<br />
intensificada; F= système de télévision à résolution<br />
améliorée (EDTV)}.<br />
enlace {Es} * see linkage {E}<br />
enregistrement à gravure verticale {F} * see vertical cut<br />
recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement acoustique {F} * see acoustical recording<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement analogique {F} * see analogue recording<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement d'images cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphiques ou vidéo {F}<br />
* see pickup {E}.<br />
enregistrement de copyright {F} * see copyright deposit;<br />
copyright registration {E}.<br />
enregistrement deux pistes {F} * see two track recording<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement direct {F} * see direct recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement direct sur disque {F} * see direct <strong>to</strong> disc<br />
recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement électrique {F} * see electrical recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement en extérieur {F} * see field recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement longue durée {F} * see long-play; longplaying<br />
record (Lp) {E}.<br />
enregistrement magné<strong>to</strong>-optique {F} * see magne<strong>to</strong>-optical<br />
recording (MOR) {E}.<br />
enregistrement microphonique {F} * see pickup {E}.<br />
enregistrement monophonique {F} * see monaural recorder<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement numérique {F} * see digital recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement optique {F} * see optical recorder {E}.<br />
enregistrement optique effaçable {F} * see erasable optical<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
91<br />
enregistrement optique numérique {F} * see digital optical<br />
recording(DOR) {E}.<br />
enregistrement original {F} * see original recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement par embossage {F} * see embossing {E}.<br />
enregistrement par indentation {F} * see indentation<br />
recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement par le groupe original {F} * see original cast<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement personnel {F} * see personal record {E}.<br />
enregistrement quatre pistes {F} * see four-track recording<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistrement sonore {F} * see sound recording {E}.<br />
enregistrement témoin {F} * see air check {E}.<br />
enregistrement Y/C {F} * see Y/C recording {E}.<br />
enregistrements accessibles par machine {F} * see<br />
machine-readable records/archives {E}.<br />
enregistreur {F} * see recorder {E}.<br />
enregistreur à fil {F} * see wire recording {E}.<br />
enregistreur bipiste/double piste {F} * see dual track<br />
recorder {E}.<br />
enregistreur de son {F} * see sound recorder {E}.<br />
enregistreur demi-piste {F} * see half-track recorder {E}.<br />
enregistreur magnétique incompatible {F} * see pattern<br />
sensitivity {E}.<br />
enregistreur monophonique {F} * see monophonic recorder<br />
{E}.<br />
enregistreur monopiste {F} * see single track recorder {E}.<br />
enregistreur par faisceau électronique {F} * see electron<br />
beam recorder (EBR) {E}.<br />
enregistreur type C {F} * see type C recorder {E}.<br />
enrollado (de la cinta) controlado {Es} * see library wind<br />
{E}.<br />
enrollado {Es} * see wind {E}.<br />
enrollar {Es} * see roll (2) {E}.<br />
enroulement {F} * see pack; wind {E}.<br />
enroulement ondulé {F} * see cinching {E}.<br />
enrouler {F} * see roll {E}.<br />
ensamblaje en orden cronológico {Es} * see assemble edit<br />
{E}.<br />
ensayo AB {Es} * see AB-test {E}.<br />
ensemble de plusieurs volumes {F} * see volume set {E}.<br />
entaille encoche{F} * see notch {E}.<br />
Entfeuchten von Luft {D} * see dehumidify {E}.<br />
Entlehnung {D} * see loan {E}.<br />
Entmagnetisierdrossel {D} * see demagnetizer; head<br />
demagnetizer {E}.
Entmagnetisierung {D} * see demagnetization {E}.<br />
en<strong>to</strong>nar {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>ne (3) {E}.<br />
entrada {Es} * see entry; input {E}.<br />
entrada {Es} * see input {E}.<br />
entrada de ordenador en micr<strong>of</strong>ilme/micr<strong>of</strong>orma {Es} * see<br />
computer input micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) {E}.<br />
entrada de ordenador para micr<strong>of</strong>ilme o micr<strong>of</strong>orma {Es}<br />
* see computer input micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) {E}.<br />
entrada principal {Es} * see main entry {E}.<br />
entrada/salida {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.<br />
entramado {Es} * see raster {E}.<br />
entre canales {Es} * see channel separation {E}.<br />
entrecruzamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see cross-linking {E}.<br />
entrée {F} * see input {E}.<br />
entrée {F} * see input {E}.<br />
entrée analytique {F} * see analytical entry {E}.<br />
entrée/sortie {F} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.<br />
entrefer {F} * see gap {E}.<br />
entrefer usé {F} * see gap smear {E}.<br />
entrehierro {Es} * see gap {E}.<br />
entrelacement {F} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
entrelacement {F} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
entrelaminar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
entrelaminar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
entrepaño {Es} * see shelf {E}.<br />
entretien des collections {F} * see collection maintenance<br />
{E}.<br />
entry {E} * {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
entry {E} * 1) The recording in a list, journal, register, etc.,<br />
<strong>of</strong> a document or transaction. 2) An item thus recorded. 3)<br />
The unit <strong>of</strong> description in a finding aid.22.23. 4) A record <strong>of</strong><br />
an item in a catalogue; see also head-ing.12. 5) A unit <strong>of</strong><br />
information used in a computer.10. {D= Eintrag; Es=<br />
entrada; asien<strong>to</strong>; F= unité d'enregistrement;<br />
enregistrement; inscription; analyse}.<br />
entry face {E} * In optical digital media, <strong>the</strong> disc or<br />
cartridge face on which <strong>the</strong> read or write beam first<br />
impinges.(46.) {D= ?; Es= cara de entrada; F= face de<br />
lecture}.<br />
Entsäuerung {D} * see deacidification (neutralization) {E}.<br />
Entwickeln {D} * see developing {E}.<br />
Entwickler {D} * see developer {E}.<br />
Entwicklung {D} * see development; processing {E}.<br />
Entwurf {D} * see draft {E}.<br />
Entzerrer {D} * see equalizer {E}.<br />
92<br />
Entzerrung {D} * see equalization (EQ); post-emphasis {E}.<br />
envejecimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see ageing {E}.<br />
envejecimien<strong>to</strong> acelerado {Es} * see accelerated ageing<br />
{E}.<br />
envelope delay dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * The measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time<br />
delay <strong>of</strong> different frequency components as <strong>the</strong>y pass<br />
through <strong>the</strong> video system, and is measured in<br />
nanoseconds. {D= ?; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de retardo de<br />
envolvente; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de phase}.<br />
enveloppement {F} * see wrap {E}.<br />
envío {Es} * see issue {E}.<br />
environnement d'exploitation {F} * see operating<br />
environment {E}.<br />
envol<strong>to</strong>rio de la película {Es} * see film jacket {E}.<br />
envoltura {Es} * see jacket; pack {E}.<br />
EOT {E} * acronym for end-<strong>of</strong>-tape marker.<br />
épaisseur {F} * see thickness {E}.<br />
épaisseur apparente {F} * see apparent thickness {E}.<br />
épaisseur du revêtement {F} * see coating thickness {E}.<br />
épaisseur physique {F} * see physical thickness {E}.<br />
épaisseur <strong>to</strong>tale {F} * see <strong>to</strong>tal thickness {E}.<br />
épaule {F} * see shoulder {E}.<br />
épi double {F} * see back-<strong>to</strong>-back row/shelving {E}.<br />
epílogo (sincronización electrónica) {Es} * see postamble<br />
{E}.<br />
épilogue {F} * see postamble {E}.<br />
episode title {E} * An identifier assigned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> individual<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> a series or serial and which, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong><br />
series/serial title, form an integral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> title proper <strong>of</strong><br />
moving-image and/or sound recording work.(12.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= título del episodio [capítulo]; F= titre de l'épisode}.<br />
épreuve {F} * see print {E}.<br />
épreuve contact {F} * see direct positive {E}.<br />
épreuve glacée {F} * see glossy print {E}.<br />
épreuve positif {F} * see positive {E}.<br />
épreuves {F} * see rushes {E;F}.<br />
EQ {E} * abbreviation for equalization.<br />
equalización {Es} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.<br />
equalization (EQ) {E} * 1) The process <strong>of</strong> modifying <strong>the</strong><br />
amplitude/frequency response in a recording and<br />
reproducing system <strong>to</strong> produce flat overall characteristics,<br />
minimize noise, or give an 'artistic' effect. The different<br />
types <strong>of</strong> equalization include frequency correction,<br />
diameter, etc.(04.) 2) The increase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high-frequency<br />
record level with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> decreasing groove speed<br />
(velocity) in recording <strong>to</strong> compensate for reproducing<br />
losses. 3) Amplitude modulation <strong>of</strong> certain frequencies in<br />
a video signal <strong>to</strong> compensate for deficiencies in <strong>the</strong><br />
record/reproduce system.10. 4) EQ--standards change<br />
with <strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> techniques and are standard-ized by<br />
bodies like AES, CCIR, DIN, and IEC; see also emphasis.
{D= Entzerrung; Es= equalización; F= 1) égalisation (EQ)<br />
2) correction 3) compensation}.<br />
equalization pulses {E} * Pulses that assure continued<br />
synchronization during <strong>the</strong> vertical retrace as well as<br />
proper interlace <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> odd and even fields <strong>of</strong> video.<br />
Additionally, <strong>the</strong>se pulses prevent <strong>the</strong> pairing <strong>of</strong> interlace<br />
lines in <strong>the</strong> TV receiver. {D= ?; Es= impulsos de<br />
equalización; F= impulsions d'égalisation}.<br />
equalizer {E} * 1) A signal processing device that can<br />
boost (amplify), cut (attenuate), or 'shelve' portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
audio frequency spectrum during recording. It can be used<br />
<strong>to</strong> alter <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>of</strong> a recording when making a copy.<br />
Different kinds <strong>of</strong> equalizers serve different functions: fixed<br />
frequency, graphic, paragraphic, peaking, shelving,<br />
etc.(04.) 2) Electronic circuitry that compensates for<br />
undesirable losses or dis<strong>to</strong>rtions <strong>of</strong> video frequencies<br />
within a TV distribution or transmission system. {D=<br />
Entzerrer; Es= 1) ecualizador con equipo procesador de<br />
señales); 2) ecualizador (con circui<strong>to</strong> electrónico); F=<br />
égaliseur; égalisateur}.<br />
equivalent neutral density (END) {E} * An expression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various components <strong>of</strong> an image which<br />
tells how dense a grey that component will form.(09.) {D=<br />
?; Es=<br />
densidad neutral equivalente; F= densité neutre<br />
équivalente}.<br />
éraflure {F} * see abrasion marks; scrape {E}.<br />
erasable optical s<strong>to</strong>rage {E} * Optical media upon which<br />
data can be written, read, and <strong>the</strong>n erased and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
written again.39. {D= löschbare optische Speicher; Es=<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> óptico borrable; F= enregistrement<br />
optique effaçable}.<br />
erase {E} * To remove or wipe out data in such a way that<br />
<strong>the</strong> record medium can, generally, be used again; see also<br />
erasure. {D= Löschen; Es= borrar; F= effacer}.<br />
erase head {E} * 1) In general, a device on a recorder used<br />
<strong>to</strong> obliterate an-recording; see also bulk eraser;<br />
degausser; demagnetization. {D= Löschung; Es= borrado;<br />
F= effacement}.<br />
Erdung {D} * see ground {E}.<br />
ergot {F} * see pin {E}.<br />
erosión entrehierro {Es} * see gap smear {E}.<br />
erreur {F} * see error {E}.<br />
erreur d'ouverture {F} * see aperture error {E}.<br />
erreur de bit aléa<strong>to</strong>ire {F} * see random bit error {E}.<br />
erreur de montage {F} * see up cut {E}.<br />
erreur de quantification {F} * see quantization error {E}.<br />
erreur de suivi de piste {F} * see radial tracking error;<br />
tracking error {E}.<br />
erreurs de quantification {F} * see quantizing errors {E}.<br />
erreurs en salves {F} * see burst error {D;E}.<br />
error {E;Es} * A discrepancy between a computed,<br />
observed, or measured value or condition and <strong>the</strong> true,<br />
specified, or <strong>the</strong>oretically correct value or condition.46. {D=<br />
Fehler; F= erreur}.<br />
error concealment {E} * A method used <strong>to</strong> 'repair' or<br />
conceal an error in <strong>the</strong> audio signal. Through interpolation,<br />
new data is derived from adjacent error-free data blocks.<br />
93<br />
Interpolated data is not identical with <strong>the</strong> original data and<br />
many feel that it has only a limited use in an archival<br />
setting; see also error correction. (39.) {D=<br />
Fehlerverdeckung; Es= encubrimien<strong>to</strong> [evitar] de error; F=<br />
dissimulation d'erreurs}.<br />
error correction {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> remedying mistakes in<br />
data; see also cross interleave Reed-Solomon code. {D=<br />
Fehlerkorrektur; Es= corrección [rectificación] de error; F=<br />
correction d'erreurs}.<br />
error correction code (ECC) {E} * see error detection and<br />
correction code.<br />
error de abertura {Es} * see aperture error {E}.<br />
error de bit alea<strong>to</strong>rio {Es} * see random bit error {E}.<br />
error de cuantificación {Es} * see quantization error {E}.<br />
error de grabación de pista {Es} * see radial tracking error<br />
{E}.<br />
error de montaje {Es} * see up cut {E}.<br />
error de seguimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see tracking error {E}.<br />
error detection {E} * 1) A method <strong>of</strong> recognizing mistakes<br />
in data. 2) For digital data, a coding system which provides<br />
a method <strong>of</strong> determining errors that occur in a digital data<br />
stream prior <strong>to</strong> correction or concealment.(39.) {D=<br />
Fehlererkennung; Es= detección de error; F= détection<br />
d'erreurs}.<br />
error detection and correction {E} * 1) A method <strong>of</strong><br />
recognizing and correcting mistakes in data. 2) In digital<br />
data, fault discovery and rectification using simultaneously<br />
recorded correction information ei<strong>the</strong>r previously added <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> data stream or recorded separately on an auxiliary<br />
track.(46.) {D= Fehlerkennung und Korrektur; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
error detection and correction code (EDCC) {E} * A family<br />
<strong>of</strong> methods <strong>of</strong> error correction in which redundancy is<br />
added <strong>to</strong> a message in known fashion which is added <strong>to</strong> a<br />
message in a known fashion; upon read-back, a decoder<br />
removes <strong>the</strong> redundancy and uses <strong>the</strong> redundant<br />
information <strong>to</strong> detect and correct erroneous data.(46.) {D=<br />
Fehlerkennung und Korrekturcode; Fehlerkorrekturcode;<br />
Es= código de detección y corrección [rectificación] de<br />
errores; F= code de détection et de correction d'erreurs;<br />
détection et correction d'erreurs}.<br />
error protection {E} * The use <strong>of</strong> error detection, correction,<br />
and concealment <strong>to</strong> reinforce <strong>the</strong> robustness <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage or<br />
transmission.(39.1) {D= Fehlerschutz; Es= protección<br />
contra errores; F= protection contre les erreurs}.<br />
error ratio {E} * The percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> data units<br />
in error in relationship <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> data<br />
units.(46.) {D= Fehlerrate; Es= nivel de error; F= rapport<br />
d'erreurs}.<br />
Ersatzkosten {D} * see replacement cost {E}.<br />
Ersatzverfilmung {D} * see disposal micr<strong>of</strong>ilming {E}.<br />
Ersatzverfilmung {D} * see preservation micr<strong>of</strong>ilming {E}.<br />
Ersatzverfilmung aus Konservierungsgründen {D} * see<br />
preservation micr<strong>of</strong>ilming {E}.<br />
erste Kopie {D} * see answer print; checkprint {E}.<br />
escala gris {Es} * see gray scale {E}.<br />
escala IRE {Es} * see IRE {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
escala IRE {Es} * see IRE scale {E}.
escalera {Es} * see stair step {E}.<br />
escalier modimé {F} * see stair step {E}.<br />
escama del borde {Es} * see edge flake (ef) {E}.<br />
escena {Es} * see scene; take (1) {D;E}.<br />
escena de espaldas a la vista general {Es} * see pull-back<br />
shot {E}.<br />
escenas en paralelo {Es} * see parallel action {E}.<br />
escenografía {Es} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r; set {E}.<br />
escribir {Es} * see write {E}.<br />
esfumado {Es} * see fade {E}.<br />
espace filmique {F} * see filmic space {E}.<br />
espace interbloc {F} * see interblock gap {E}.<br />
espace réservé {F} * see black hole {E}.<br />
espacio de grabación {Es} * see playing area {E}.<br />
espacio entre bloques (de un registro magnético) {Es} *<br />
see interblock gap {E}.<br />
espacio fílmico {Es} * see filmic space {E}.<br />
espátula de calor {Es} * see tacking iron {E}.<br />
especificaciones mecánicas {Es} * see mechanical<br />
specifications {E}.<br />
espectro {Es} * see spectrum {E}.<br />
espectr<strong>of</strong>otómetro {Es} * see spectropho<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
espejo dicroíco {Es} * see Dichroic mirror {E}.<br />
espérance de vie {F} * see life expectancy (LE) {E}.<br />
esperanza de duración (de vida) {Es} * see life expectancy<br />
(LE) {E}.<br />
espesor {Es} * see thickness {E}.<br />
espesor aparente {Es} * see apparent thickness {E}.<br />
espesor del revestimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see coating thickness {E}.<br />
espesor físico {Es} * see physical thickness {E}.<br />
espesor <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>tal thickness {E}.<br />
espiga {Es} * see pin {E}.<br />
espósi<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see stacks {E}.<br />
Essigsäure {D} * see acetic acid {E}.<br />
estabilidad {Es} * see stability {E}.<br />
estabilidad de la imagen {Es} * see image stability {E}.<br />
estabilidad del tinte {Es} * see dye stability {E}.<br />
estabilidad frente a la luz {Es} * see lightfast {E}.<br />
estabilidad química {Es} * see chemical stability {E}.<br />
estabilizadores {Es} * see stabilizers {E}.<br />
establishing shot {E} * In moving-image production,<br />
94<br />
generally a long shot which shows <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>the</strong> general<br />
location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene which follows.(30.) {D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma<br />
de situación; F= plan de situation; plan général}.<br />
estación terrestre {Es} * see earth station {E}.<br />
estado físico de un obje<strong>to</strong> en el momen<strong>to</strong> de su envío {Es}<br />
* see shipping environment (1) {E}.<br />
estallido {Es} * see burst {E}.<br />
estallido negro {Es} * see black burst {E}.<br />
estampa (grabado) {Es} * see print (3) {E}.<br />
estampa {Es} * see stamper {E}.<br />
estampación en relieve {Es} * see embossing {E}.<br />
estampeuse {F} * see stamper {E}.<br />
estándar {Es} * see standard {E}.<br />
estándar de banda baja {Es} * see lowband standard<br />
{D;E}.<br />
estándar de televisión NTSC {Es} * see NTSC television<br />
standard {E}.<br />
estante {Es} * see bay {E}.<br />
estantear {Es} * see shelving {E}.<br />
estantería {Es} * see case (2); shelving (1, 2); row {E}.<br />
estantería compacta {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
estantería de archivo {Es} * see archival rack {E}.<br />
estantería de doble faz {Es} * see back-<strong>to</strong>-back<br />
row/shelving {E}.<br />
estantería densa {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
estantería doble faz {Es} * see back-<strong>to</strong>-back row/shelving<br />
{E}.<br />
Estar {D;E;Es;F} * A polyethylene terephthalate<br />
polyester used by Kodak as a film base for some <strong>of</strong> its<br />
motion picture films (mostly intermediate and print<br />
films).(09.)<br />
estela de luz {Es} * see light struck {E}.<br />
ester {E;F} * An organic compound, comparable <strong>to</strong> an<br />
inorganic salt, formed by <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> an organic or<br />
inorganic acid and an alcohol or phenol. {D= ?; Es= éster}.<br />
éster {Es} * see ester {E}.<br />
estéreo {Es} * see stereo {E}.<br />
estere<strong>of</strong>onía {Es} * see stereo {E}.<br />
estereografías {Es} * see stereogram {E}.<br />
estereografías {Es} * see stereogram {E}.<br />
estereógrafo {Es} * see stereograph {E}.<br />
estereoscopía {Es} * see stereoscopy {E}.<br />
estereoscopio {Es} * see stereoscope {E}.<br />
estirado de la película {Es} * see rack (2, 3) {E}.<br />
estiramien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see stretch (2) {E}.
estreno {Es} * see release {E}.<br />
estría espiral {Es} * see spiral groove .-<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
estuche {Es} * see case (3); kit {E}.<br />
estuche protec<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see shell {E}.<br />
estuches {Es} * see enclosure {E}.<br />
estudio {Es} * see studio {D;E;F}.<br />
ET {E} * acronym for electrical transcription.<br />
étagère {F} * see case {E}.<br />
étagère d'archivage {F} * see archival rack {E}.<br />
étain {F} * see stain {E}.<br />
étalonner {F} * see calibrate {E}.<br />
étalonner la lumière {F} * see fix {E}.<br />
étalonneur {F} * see timer {E}.<br />
etch {E} * 1) To selectively remove metal from a plate. 2)<br />
For still-images, <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> metal from an intaglio or<br />
letterpress printing plate by means <strong>of</strong> corrosive chemicals<br />
or electrolysis. In <strong>the</strong> strictest sense, differs from engraving<br />
in that an engraved plate is incised with a <strong>to</strong>ol.(10.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= grabar al agua fuerte; F= gravure}.<br />
etching {E} * see fungal etching.<br />
étendue {F} * see extent {E}.<br />
étendue {F} * see extent {E}.<br />
e<strong>the</strong>rnet {E;F} * A data communications strategy used <strong>to</strong><br />
transmit data at up <strong>to</strong> 10 megabits per second over a local<br />
area network; may use thick or thin coaxial cable pair. {D=<br />
?; Es= red etérea}.<br />
ethylene oxide {E} * An effective mould fumigant for many<br />
archive and/or library materials, used as such in such<br />
facilities from <strong>the</strong> early 1930s <strong>to</strong> recent times. Since it is<br />
extremely <strong>to</strong>xic and carcinogenic its use is strictly<br />
regulated in most parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world and it is now seldom<br />
used for mould fumigation in such instances.(36.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= óxido de etileno; F= oxyde d'éthylène}.<br />
Etikett {D} * see label {E}.<br />
etiqueta {Es} * see label {E}.<br />
etiquetado original {Es} * see original label {E}.<br />
étiquette {F} * see label {E}.<br />
étiquette originale {F} * see original label {E}.<br />
étiré {F} * see tentelometer; tensilized {E}.<br />
étirement {F} * see stretch {E}.<br />
étui {F} * see cover {E}.<br />
evaluación {Es} * see evaluation {E}.<br />
évaluateur {F} * see evalua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
evaluation {E} * 1) The determination <strong>of</strong> value or worth <strong>of</strong><br />
something, as <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> a copy. 2) In<br />
magnetic media, <strong>the</strong> measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical and<br />
magnetic quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> media. {D= Bewertung;<br />
Auswertung; Es= evaluación; F= évaluation; appéciation}.<br />
95<br />
evalua<strong>to</strong>r {E} * 1) In film and magnetic media, equipment<br />
--provided as an adjunct <strong>to</strong> a magnetic tape or motionpicture<br />
film winder/cleaner-- which measures <strong>the</strong> physical<br />
and magnetic quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape or film. In contrast <strong>to</strong> a<br />
certifier, an evalua<strong>to</strong>r does not s<strong>to</strong>p when it detects an<br />
error.(46.) 2) A person who makes an evaluation. {D=<br />
Bewerter; Gutachter; Es= evaluador; F= évaluateur}.<br />
even field {E} * see field {E}.<br />
évent {F} * see decomposition vent {E}.<br />
évent anti-explosion {F} * see explosion vent {E}.<br />
evidential value {E} * The value <strong>of</strong> documents <strong>of</strong> an<br />
institution or organization in providing evidence <strong>of</strong> its<br />
origins, structure, functions, procedures, and significant<br />
transactions as distinct from informational value.22. {D=<br />
Beweiswert; Es= valor patente [evidente]; F= valeur<br />
proba<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
evitar de error {Es} * see error concealment {E}.<br />
exactitude {F} * see fidelity {E}.<br />
exactitude {F} * see fidelity {E}.<br />
excéntrica {Es} * see cam {E}.<br />
excentrique {F} * see cam {E}.<br />
excerpt {E} * A part, usually a complete scene or<br />
sequence, taken from a complete moving-image and/or<br />
sound recording work. In moving-image parlance an<br />
excerpt is distinguished from a clip by <strong>the</strong> fact that an<br />
excerpt is usually longer and gives a more detailed sense<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> complete work than does a clip.(12.) {D= Exzerpt;<br />
Auszug; Es= extrac<strong>to</strong>; F= extrait}.<br />
execution originale {F} * see original performance {E}.<br />
exhibición {Es} * see exhibition {E}.<br />
exhibition {E} * 1) The display <strong>of</strong> documents, ei<strong>the</strong>r original<br />
or copies, for educational and cultural purposes.(23.) 2)<br />
The public showing <strong>of</strong> feature motion pictures in a <strong>the</strong>atre.<br />
3) A public showing <strong>of</strong> materials within a controlled<br />
situation. 4) A broadcast presentation or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
transmission.(10.) {D= 1) Ausstellung; 2) Vorführung; Es=<br />
1) exposición; presentación; 2) exhibición; F= 1) exposition<br />
d'archives; 2) exploitation; 4) représentation}.<br />
existencias de una película {Es} * see films<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
existing light {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic work, strictly speaking,<br />
all natural lighting from moonlight <strong>to</strong> sunshine. It comprises<br />
<strong>the</strong> illumination that is already on <strong>the</strong> scene or<br />
project and includes room lamps, fluorescent lamps,<br />
spotlights, neon signs, candles, daylight through windows,<br />
outdoor scenes at twilight or in moonlight, and scenes<br />
artificially illuminated after dark.(09.) {D= ?; Es= luz<br />
existente; F= lumière ambiante}.<br />
expansion des contrastes {F} * see pre-emphasis (preequalization)<br />
{E}.<br />
expansion étirement{F} * see stretch {E}.<br />
expansión de la imagen {Es} * see image expansion {E}.<br />
expediente {Es} * see file (1) {E}.<br />
expediente concluso {Es} * see closed file (1) {E}.<br />
exploitation film {E} * A moving-image production designed<br />
<strong>to</strong> take advantage <strong>of</strong> a particular need or desire <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
audience. Usually, <strong>the</strong> term has a negative<br />
connotation.(30.) {D= ?; Es= película de explotación; F=<br />
film pour le grand public}.
exploración de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed<br />
scanning {E}.<br />
exploración entrelazada {Es} * see interlace scanning;<br />
interlaced scan {E}.<br />
exploración helicoidal {Es} * see helical scan {D;E}.<br />
exploración lenta {Es} * see slow-scan {E}.<br />
exploración mecánica {Es} * see mechanical scanning {E}.<br />
exploración por segmen<strong>to</strong>s {Es} * see segmented scan<br />
{E}.<br />
explorador {Es} * see scanner {E}.<br />
explorador de la imagen {Es} * see image scanner {E}.<br />
explorador de pun<strong>to</strong> móvil {Es} * see flying spot scanner<br />
{E}.<br />
explosion vent {E} * In nitrate film vaults, a vent <strong>to</strong> relieve<br />
explosion pressures resulting from ignition <strong>of</strong> a mixture <strong>of</strong><br />
decomposition gases and air. NFPA 40 has specific<br />
standards for <strong>the</strong> size and strength <strong>of</strong> such panels.(34.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= orificio anti-explosión; F= évent anti-explosion}.<br />
expose in sections {E} * To make more than one<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>to</strong> cover <strong>the</strong> whole document if original<br />
documents are larger than <strong>the</strong> maximum area <strong>of</strong> coverage<br />
<strong>of</strong> a camera.40. {D= ?; Es= exposición por secciones; F=<br />
exposition par sections}.<br />
exposición {Es} * see exhibition; exposure; exposure<br />
setting {E}.<br />
exposición fo<strong>to</strong>grama a fo<strong>to</strong>grama {Es} * see single-frame<br />
exposure {E}.<br />
exposición gradual {Es} * fade {E}.<br />
exposición imagen a imagen {Es} * see single-frame<br />
exposure<br />
exposición por secciones {Es} * see expose in sections<br />
{E}.<br />
exposímetro {Es} * see exposure meter {E}.<br />
exposition {F} * see existing light; exposure {E}.<br />
exposition au<strong>to</strong>matique {F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic exposure {E}.<br />
exposition image par image {F} * see single-frame<br />
exposure {E}.<br />
exposition par sections {F} * see expose in sections {E}.<br />
expositions multiples {F} * see multiple exposure {E}.<br />
exposure {E} * 1) The act <strong>of</strong> exposing a material <strong>to</strong> radiant<br />
energy. 2) The time during which a sensitized material is<br />
subjected <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> radiation. 3) The product <strong>of</strong><br />
radiation intensity and <strong>the</strong> time during which it acts on <strong>the</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive material.40. 4) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processes,<br />
a measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light entering <strong>the</strong> lens and<br />
striking <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film. Film can be overexposed <strong>to</strong><br />
give a very light, dreamy quality <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> image, or it can be<br />
under-exposed <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> image darker and more<br />
forebod-ing; see also development.(09.30.) {D=<br />
Belichtung; Es= exposición; F= exposition; pose;<br />
lumination}<br />
exposure index (E) {E} * A number assigned <strong>to</strong> a camera<br />
film that expresses <strong>the</strong> relative sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light (speed)<br />
<strong>of</strong> that material. The exposure index is based on <strong>the</strong> film<br />
emulsion speed, a standard exposure technique, and<br />
specific processing solutions.09. {D= ?; Es= índice de<br />
96<br />
exposición; F= indice de pose}.<br />
exposure latitude {E} * The range <strong>of</strong> film camera<br />
exposures, from under-exposure <strong>to</strong> over-exposure, that will<br />
produce acceptable pictures from a specific film.09. {D= ?;<br />
Es= latitud de exposición; F= latitude d'exposition}.<br />
exposure meter {E} * An optical or pho<strong>to</strong>-electrical device<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> ascertain <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light falling on a<br />
subject for <strong>the</strong> pur-pose <strong>of</strong> determining <strong>the</strong> correct opening<br />
<strong>of</strong> a camera.(09.) {D= Belichtungsmesser; Es= fotómetro;<br />
exposímetro; F= posemètre; cellule}<br />
exposure setting {E} * The lens opening and shutter speed<br />
selected <strong>to</strong> expose <strong>the</strong> film.09. {D= ?; Es= exposición; F=<br />
réglage d'exposition}.<br />
expresionismo {Es} * see expressionism {E;F}.<br />
expressionism {E;F} * In moving-image productions, a<br />
genre <strong>of</strong> film style which allows liberal use <strong>of</strong> technical<br />
devices and artistic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion and in which <strong>the</strong> personality<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> di-rec<strong>to</strong>r is always paramount and obvious.<br />
Specifically, <strong>the</strong> term refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> kinds <strong>of</strong> films made by<br />
many German direc<strong>to</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> 1920s; see also realism;<br />
neo-realism.(30.) {D= ?; Es= expresionismo}.<br />
expurgo {Es} * see disposal {E}.<br />
exsudation {F} * see exudation {E}.<br />
extended term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions {E} * S<strong>to</strong>rage conditions<br />
suitable for <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> recorded information having<br />
permanent value. {D= ?; Es= condiciones de<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> a largo plazo; F= conditions de s<strong>to</strong>ckage<br />
à très long terme}.<br />
Extended Play {D} * see extra play tape {E}.<br />
extender {E} * ?? 2) A device used in electronic<br />
maintenance which physically extends an individual<br />
module or-OM applications, a program which is added <strong>to</strong><br />
an operating system <strong>of</strong> optical discs <strong>to</strong> augment its<br />
capabilities (e.g., MS-DOS extension <strong>to</strong> permit access <strong>of</strong><br />
CD-ROM files).39. {D= ?; Es= ?}.<br />
extender {E} * Materials, usually organic, blended with<br />
basic resins in recordings usually for economic or<br />
performance reasons; <strong>the</strong> extender is intended <strong>to</strong> make<br />
<strong>the</strong> base material go fur<strong>the</strong>r and produce more artifacts, or<br />
<strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong> base material in some manner so that it<br />
performs differently (i.e., more or less abrasive, more or<br />
less plastic, etc.); see also filler.(04.) {D= ?; Es= extensión;<br />
F= extension}.<br />
extensión {Es} * see extension {E;F}.<br />
extension {F} * see extender {E}.<br />
extent {E} * 1) The duration <strong>of</strong> an item. 2) In CD-ROM<br />
media, a set <strong>of</strong> logical blocks, <strong>the</strong> logical block numbers <strong>of</strong><br />
which form a continuous ascending sequence.(20.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= alcance; importancia; grado; F= durée; étendue}<br />
exteriores (rodaje en) {Es} * see location {E}.<br />
exteriores {Es} * see location {E}.<br />
external sync {E} * A synchronizing reference signal that is<br />
coming from an external source. {D= ?; Es= sincronización<br />
externa; F= synchronisation externe}.<br />
extra play tape {E} * A type <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape which gives<br />
50% more than standard playing time on a standard reel<br />
because it employs a thinner base <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r and a thinner<br />
(and, potentially, a more potent) oxide coating; also known<br />
as 'long-play' or 'extended play'.(16.) {D= Extended Play;<br />
Es= cinta de larga duración; F= bande longue durée}.
extraction {F} * see separation {E}.<br />
extrac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see excerpt {E}.<br />
extrac<strong>to</strong> de película {Es} * see film clip {E}.<br />
extrait {F} * see excerpt {E}.<br />
extraits (morceaux choisis) {F} * see highlights {E}.<br />
extraits (morceaux choisis) {F} * see highlights {E}.<br />
extreme long shot {E} * In moving-image production, a<br />
panoramic view <strong>of</strong> an exterior location pho<strong>to</strong>graphed from<br />
a good distance, <strong>of</strong>ten as far as quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile<br />
away.(30.) {D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma a larga distancia; F= plan très<br />
lointain; de très grand ensemble}.<br />
extrémité {F} * see tail {E}.<br />
extremo (fin de una cinta) {Es} * see tail (2) {E}.<br />
extremo de un cilindro para grabar {Es} * see edge (2) {E}.<br />
exudación {Es} * see exudation {E}.<br />
exudation {E} * The process, or <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> process,<br />
in which material is emitted or oozes from an object,<br />
usually applied <strong>to</strong> decomposition and its products.(04.) {D=<br />
?; Es= exudación; F= exsudation}.<br />
Exzerpt {D} * see excerpt {E}.<br />
eye light {E} * A very low angle light used in video<br />
production <strong>to</strong> effect desirable reflection from <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> subject without substantially affecting <strong>the</strong> overall<br />
lighting conditions. also known as a pigeon light. {D= ?;<br />
Es= luz reflejada desde [por] los ojos; F= petit projecteur<br />
pour les yeux}.<br />
f ---<br />
f-number {E} * 1) Setting used <strong>to</strong> indicate <strong>the</strong> size and light<br />
passing ability <strong>of</strong> a lens opening. Common f-numbers are<br />
f/1.4, f/2.0, f/2.8, f/4.0, f/5.6, f/8, f/16, and f/22. The larger<br />
<strong>the</strong> f-number, <strong>the</strong> smaller <strong>the</strong> lens opening, <strong>the</strong> less light<br />
enters <strong>the</strong> camera. In this example f/1.4 is <strong>the</strong> largest lens<br />
opening and f/22 is <strong>the</strong> smallest, with <strong>the</strong>se numbers<br />
indicating <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> focal length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
effective diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens opening; see also<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p.(09.30.19.) There also exists a system <strong>of</strong><br />
measurement in 't-numbers' which is a more accurate<br />
index <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> light actually striking <strong>the</strong> film<br />
emulsion.30. Also called f-s<strong>to</strong>p. {D= ?; Es= número f; F=<br />
?}<br />
fabricante original del equipo {Es} * see original equipment<br />
manufac-turer (OEM) {E}.<br />
face de lecture {F} * see entry face {E}.<br />
face émulsion {F} * see emulsion side {E}.<br />
facsímil {Es} * see facsimile {E}.<br />
facsimile {E} * A reproduction, similar in all aspects, <strong>of</strong> a<br />
document.(22.23.) 2) An electronic system for transmitting<br />
pictures and graphic materials over very high frequency air<br />
waves.07. {D= Faksimile; Es= facsímil; F= facsimilé;<br />
télécopie}.<br />
facsimilé {F} * see facsimile {E}.<br />
facteur d'éclatement {F} * see burst fac<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
facteur de contraste {F} * see contrast ratio; gamma<br />
correction {E}.<br />
97<br />
facteur de déchirure {F} * see tear fac<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
facteur de réflexion {F} * see reflectance {E}.<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>r de desgarro {Es} * see tear fac<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>r de estallido {Es} * see burst fac<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>r de reflexión {Es} * see reflectance {E}.<br />
fade {E} * 1) Exposure <strong>of</strong> motion picture film ei<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong><br />
camera or during subsequent operations so that, for a<br />
fade-in, starting with maximum density and extending for<br />
a predetermined number <strong>of</strong> frames, each successive<br />
frame receives a systematically greater exposure than <strong>the</strong><br />
frame preceding it, until full normal exposure for <strong>the</strong> scene<br />
has been attained. From this frame on, successive frames<br />
receive identical exposure for <strong>the</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> take.<br />
The procedure is reversed in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> fade-outs.09. 2)<br />
The loss <strong>of</strong> intended or original colour, including black and<br />
white, from an object. 3) The reduction or decreasing <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audio signal. 3) In video production, <strong>the</strong> smooth transition<br />
<strong>of</strong> audio or video from 100 <strong>to</strong> 0 percent as in a fade out or<br />
fade down or 0 <strong>to</strong> 100 percent as in a fade-in or fade-up.<br />
.D= 1) Abblende; 2) Verblassen; 3) ausblenden; Es=<br />
fundido; esfumado; desvanecimien<strong>to</strong>; 1) ondudo de cierre;<br />
exposición gradual; 2) décolouración; 3) reducción de la<br />
señal de audio; F= 1) fondu; ouverture en fondu; fermeture<br />
en fondu; fondue à la fermeture; 2) décoloration; 3)= ?}.<br />
fade-in {E} * see fade.<br />
fade-out {E} * see fade.<br />
fadeometer {E} * An accelerated ageing testing device<br />
which exposes samples <strong>of</strong> coloured materials or coatings<br />
<strong>to</strong> a carbon arc <strong>to</strong> determine <strong>the</strong>ir resistance <strong>to</strong> fade or<br />
fading. The arc emits an intense actinic light which in a<br />
matter <strong>of</strong> hours approximates <strong>the</strong> destructive effect <strong>of</strong> a<br />
much longer period <strong>of</strong> ordinary daylight. Although it does<br />
not exactly duplicate <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> prolonged exposure <strong>to</strong><br />
natural light, it is still an effective indica<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong><br />
light stability that can be expected <strong>of</strong> a material, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
comparative resistance <strong>to</strong> fading <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> samples;<br />
see also accelerated ageing.45. {D= ?; Es= medidor de la<br />
decoloración; F= décolorateur}.<br />
fader {E;F} * 1) A potentiometer, attenua<strong>to</strong>r, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
device used <strong>to</strong> control sound, video, or lighting. 2) A device<br />
used <strong>to</strong> progressive-ly increase or decrease <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />
light reaching a film emulsion; may be accomplished by<br />
such means as a shutter, variable density glass; also<br />
called a fading glass, fading shutter. 3) A term sometimes<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> master dimmers controlling many dimming<br />
circuits.(10.) {D= Regler; Es= atenuador; F= potentiomètre;<br />
gradateur}.<br />
fading {E} * see fade.<br />
fading glass {E} * see fader.<br />
fading shutter {E} * see fader.<br />
Fahraufnahme {D} * see dolly shot {E}.<br />
faible contraste {F} * see low contrast {E}.<br />
faible pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de champ. {F} * see sharpness; shallow<br />
focus {E}.<br />
fair market value {E} * The determination <strong>of</strong> price <strong>of</strong> an<br />
object by comparing it <strong>to</strong> similar pieces presently available;<br />
used <strong>to</strong> establish value <strong>to</strong> determine price, tax deductions,<br />
and in some property policies.(21.) {D= ?; Es= valor jus<strong>to</strong><br />
de venta [de mercado]; F= valeur marchande; cours}.<br />
fair-use {E} * The limited privilege <strong>of</strong> persons o<strong>the</strong>r than a<br />
copyright holder <strong>to</strong> use <strong>the</strong> copyrighted material in a
easonable manner without consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
copyright.(10.) {D= ?; Es= desgaste natural; F= usage<br />
grâcieux; usage non commercial}.<br />
faisceau {F} * see beam {E}.<br />
faisceau analyseur {F} * see scanning beam {E}.<br />
Faksimile {D} * see facsimile {E}.<br />
Fälschung {D} * see forgery {E}.<br />
falsificación {Es} * see counterfeit {E}.<br />
falsificado {Es} * see counterfeit {E}.<br />
falta de luz {Es} * see mislights {E}.<br />
Faltenwerfen {D} * see cockle/cockling {E}.<br />
Farb-Dup-Negativ {D} * see internegative {E}.<br />
Farbabbildung {D} * see coloured illustration {E}.<br />
Farbadition {D} * see additive colour {E}.<br />
Farbauszug-Negativ {D} * see separation negative {E}.<br />
Farbe {D} * see colour {E}.<br />
Farbempfindlichkeit {D} * see colour temperature {E}.<br />
Farbkorrektur {D} * see colour correction {E}.<br />
Farblavendel {D} * see intermediate film {E}.<br />
Farbst<strong>of</strong>f {D} * see dye {E}.<br />
Farbtemperatur {D} * see colour temperature {E}.<br />
Farnsworth image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E} * An early electronic image<br />
pickup device which replaced <strong>the</strong> mechanical Nipkow disk.<br />
{D= ?; Es= disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen Farnsworth; F= analyseur<br />
d'images Farnsworth}.<br />
fast {E} * Used <strong>to</strong> describe film having great enough<br />
sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light that it can form usable images at low or<br />
very low light levels; can also apply <strong>to</strong> processing and<br />
optical components see also speed.09. {D= ?; Es= rápido;<br />
F= rapide; sensible}.<br />
fast forward {E} * Provision in a tape recorder or film<br />
projec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> run film/tape rapidly forward through <strong>the</strong><br />
machine for quick selection <strong>of</strong> desired portion; see also<br />
fast wind.50. {D= schneller Vorlauf; Es= avance rápido; F=<br />
avance rapide; accéléré}.<br />
fast motion (accelerated motion) {E} * A technique in<br />
motion picture film production in which <strong>the</strong> film is pho<strong>to</strong>graphed<br />
at less than <strong>the</strong> standard film speed so that when<br />
it is projected at <strong>the</strong> standard speed things appear <strong>to</strong> move<br />
much faster. On silent films this is, also, known as having<br />
'undercranked' <strong>the</strong> camera. Compare with s<strong>to</strong>p motion and<br />
slow motion; see also speed.30. {D= ?; Es= movimien<strong>to</strong><br />
rápido; F= accélération du mouvement}.<br />
fast wind {E} * The winding <strong>of</strong> tape or strip film at high<br />
speed, usually <strong>to</strong> remove a partially-played item from a<br />
playback machine or projec<strong>to</strong>r in faster time than simply<br />
letting it play out at a constant playback speed. This<br />
creates a tension in <strong>the</strong> film/tape which may cause<br />
deformation (i.e., stretching) that could be permanent if<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red in this condition.(04.) {D= schneller Wickel; Es=<br />
bobinado rápido; F= bobinage rapide}.<br />
fa<strong>the</strong>r {E} * In disc manufacturing, a recording mould<br />
formed by nickel plating a master disc. The resulting metal<br />
part can be used for pressing copies (i.e., it becomes <strong>the</strong><br />
stamper) or as <strong>the</strong> basis for production <strong>of</strong> one or more<br />
98<br />
mo<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> produce multiple stampers for larger quantity<br />
production. {D= Vater; Es= padre; disco patrón; F= père}.<br />
faux {F} * see forgery {E}.<br />
faux raccord {F} * see jump cut {E}.<br />
feature {E} * 1) A commercially released motion picture or<br />
four or more 35-mm reels in length (i.e., 1,200 m, 4,000 ft.)<br />
or <strong>the</strong> equivalent in time, ca. 40 minutes; see also<br />
short.(12.) 2) A news s<strong>to</strong>ry in which immediacy is not<br />
important and human interest is stressed.10. {D=<br />
abendfüllender Film; Es= 1) largometraje (en un pase, la<br />
película principal); 2) crónica especial; película base; film<br />
espectacular; F= film de long métrage; film de fiction;<br />
grand film du programme; film de fond de programme;<br />
grand film}.<br />
fecha de emisión {Es} * see broadcast date {E}.<br />
fecha de producción {Es} * see production date {E}.<br />
fecha de publicación original {Es} * see original release<br />
date {E}.<br />
fecha original de difusión {Es} * see original broadcast<br />
date {E}.<br />
Federación Internacional de las Asociaciones de<br />
Bibliotecas y Bibliotecarios {Es} * see International<br />
Federation <strong>of</strong> Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)<br />
{E}.<br />
Federal Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E} *<br />
The commission that regulates <strong>the</strong> practices and<br />
procedures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> communications industries in <strong>the</strong> U.S.<br />
{D= ?; Es= Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones (EEUU);<br />
F= commission fédérale de communication}.<br />
feed nut {E} * A partial set-screw (a half-nut) that engaged<br />
<strong>the</strong> feed screw on a cylinder machine and attached by arm<br />
or crank arrangement <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproducer carrier-arm or <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mandrel carriage on a traversing mandrel<br />
machine.(14.) {D= ?; Es= tuerca de avance; F= écrou de<br />
fixation}.<br />
feed reel {E} * The reel on a tape recorder or film projec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
which supplies <strong>the</strong> tape or film.50. {D= Abwickelspule; Es=<br />
carrete con la cinta colocada; F= bobine débitrice}.<br />
feed screw {E} * A threaded shaft <strong>of</strong> special cut on a<br />
cylinder machine which, when engaged with <strong>the</strong> carrierarm,<br />
caused <strong>the</strong> reproducer or recorder <strong>to</strong> follow or cut <strong>the</strong><br />
threads or grooves on <strong>the</strong> cylinder; also called a lead<br />
screw.(14.) {D= ?; Es= barra roscada; F= vis-mère}.<br />
feed through {E} * The accidental or unintentional transfer<br />
<strong>of</strong> a signal from one track <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r on a multi-track tape;<br />
see also cross talk.16. {D= ?; Es= paso; conexión<br />
interfacial; F= diaphonie?}.<br />
feedback {E} * 1) The acoustic howling, oscillation, or<br />
regeneration <strong>of</strong> sound caused by an audio system's<br />
microphonic pickup <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound output from its own<br />
speaker/s; also known as acoustic feedback. 2) Negative<br />
electrical response in amplifier design used <strong>to</strong> improve<br />
stability and reduce dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(16) {D= Rückkopplung; Es=<br />
retroalimentación; realimentación; F= rétroaction; contre<br />
réaction}.<br />
feet per minute (FPM) {E} * A manner <strong>of</strong> expressing <strong>the</strong><br />
spee<br />
Fehlerkennung und Korrektur {D} * see error detection and<br />
correction {E}.<br />
Fehlerkennung und Korrekturcode {D} * see error detection<br />
and correction code (EDCC) {E}.
Fehlerkorrektur {D} * see error correction {E}.<br />
Fehlerkorrekturcode {D} * see error detection and<br />
correction code (EDCC) {E}.<br />
Fehlerrate {D} * see error ratio {E}.<br />
Fehlerschutz {D} * see error protection {E}.<br />
Fehlerverdeckung {D} * see concealment; error<br />
concealment {E}.<br />
Feinschnitt {D} * see fine cut {E}.<br />
Feld {D} * see field {E}.<br />
Feldaufnahme {D} * see field recording {E}.<br />
fenêtrage {F} * see clipping {E}.<br />
fenêtre de projection {F} * see gate {E}.<br />
fenêtre de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Window<br />
(TCW) {E}.<br />
fenêtre standard (1,37 ou 1,33) {F} * see Academy<br />
aperture {E}.<br />
fenómeno de halo {Es} * see halation {E}.<br />
Fenster {D} * see framing {E}.<br />
Fensterkarte {D} * see aperture card {E}.<br />
fermeture en fondu {F} * see fade {E}.<br />
Fernsehen {D} * see television {E}.<br />
ferric oxide {E} * A form <strong>of</strong> iron oxide (rust); also known as<br />
magnetite. The magnetic particles in most open reel<br />
recording tapes are composed <strong>of</strong> finely ground and graded<br />
ferric oxide.04. {D= Eisenoxid; Es= óxido férrico; F= oxide<br />
ferrique}.<br />
ferrotipo {Es} * see ferrotype; tintype {E}.<br />
ferrotypage {F} * see ferrotyping {E}.<br />
ferrotype {E;F} * 1) A positive pho<strong>to</strong>graph made by a<br />
collodion process on a thin metal plate having a darkened<br />
surface; also know as tintype. 2) The process <strong>of</strong> making<br />
such a pho<strong>to</strong>graph. 3) Glazing, or <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> shiny<br />
patches, on <strong>the</strong> gelatin surface <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, brought<br />
about by contact with a smooth surface, particularly plastic<br />
enclosures or glass, under conditions <strong>of</strong> high relative<br />
humidity. If pho<strong>to</strong>graphs are s<strong>to</strong>red in plastic enclosures<br />
under pressure (i.e. in a stack), ferrotyping can occur at<br />
moderate levels <strong>of</strong> relative humidity; see also glossy<br />
print.(37.) {D= ?; Es= ferrotipo; F= ferrotype (un),<br />
ferrotypie (la)}.<br />
ferrotypie {F} * see ferrotype {E;F}<br />
feuille {F} * see sheet {E}.<br />
feuille de données {F} * see data sheet {E}.<br />
feuille de protection pour cellulo {F} * see slip sheet {E}.<br />
feuille intercalaire {F} * see slip sheet {E}.<br />
feuilles d'un décor {F} * see flat {E}.<br />
feuillet J {F} * see j card {E}.<br />
feuille<strong>to</strong>n télévisé {F} * see series {E}.<br />
FIAF {E;F} * acronym for Fédération Internationale des<br />
99<br />
Archives du Film.<br />
FIAT {E;F} * acronym for Fédération Internationale des<br />
Archives de Télévision.<br />
fibra óptica {Es} * see fibre optics {E}.<br />
fibre optics {E} * The technology <strong>of</strong> using glass fibers <strong>to</strong><br />
convey light and modulated information.39. {D= Glasfaser;<br />
Es= fibra óptica; F= fibre optique}.<br />
fiche signalétique {F} * see data sheet {E}.<br />
fichero de ordenador {Es} * see computer file {E}.<br />
fichier d'au<strong>to</strong>rité {F} * see authority file {E}.<br />
fichier descripteur {F} * see file descrip<strong>to</strong>r record {E}.<br />
fichier informatique {F} * see computer file {E}.<br />
fidelidad (medida) {Es} * see fidelity {E}.<br />
fidélité {F} * see fidelity {E}.<br />
fidelity {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> exactness with<br />
which data is duplicated or reproduced. {D=<br />
Wiedergabetreue; Es= fidelidad (medida); F= fidélité;<br />
exactitude}.<br />
field {E} * 1) An area under <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> an<br />
electromagnetic or electrostatic charge.10. 2) In NTSC<br />
television, a field can be referred <strong>to</strong> as an odd field or an<br />
even field. Each field is made up <strong>of</strong> 262.5 horizontal lines.<br />
There are two fields per frame, and 60 fields per<br />
second.(10.35.) 3) An area within a computer record<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> hold a specific amount or type <strong>of</strong> information.<br />
4) The framed area <strong>of</strong> a camera shot; <strong>the</strong> portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
scene in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera represented within <strong>the</strong> limits<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera aperture at <strong>the</strong> focal plane area <strong>of</strong> field thus<br />
varies with focal length <strong>of</strong> lens and camera-<strong>to</strong>-subject<br />
distance. In television, one complete sequence <strong>of</strong> raster<br />
lines forming an image.09. 5) In animation film <strong>the</strong> area<br />
that will be pho<strong>to</strong>-graphed by <strong>the</strong> camera for a given shot<br />
and, <strong>the</strong>refore, <strong>the</strong> area in which <strong>the</strong> anima<strong>to</strong>r draws.(10.)<br />
6) A unit <strong>of</strong> data within a bibliographic record.40. {D= 1)<br />
Feld; 2) Halbbild; Es= 1) campo electrónico; 2) campo de<br />
televisión; 3) zona de ordenador para da<strong>to</strong>s; 4) cuadro de<br />
cámara; 5) zona de <strong>to</strong>ma; 6) unidad de da<strong>to</strong>s; F= champs<br />
electromagnetique; trame; zone; champ (doc)}.<br />
field per scan {E} * A classification in videotape recording<br />
that is based upon each head recording/playing one TV<br />
field per scan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head; see also alpha {E}.{D= ?; Es=<br />
número de campos por exploración; F= balayage de<br />
trame; balayage vertical}.<br />
field recording {E} * A recording made under abnormal<br />
conditions away from a recording studio. Includes such as<br />
with a portable recording instrument in homes, outdoors,<br />
in dance halls, churches, back rooms, etc.(04.) {D=<br />
Feldaufnahme; Außenaufnahme; Es= grabación de<br />
campo; grabación bajo condiciones infrecuentes<br />
[anormales] ?; F= enregistrement en extérieur}<br />
fijación de inicio (edición de vídeos) {Es} * see set-in {E}.<br />
fijado {Es} * see fix {E}.<br />
fijador {Es} * see fixer {E;F}.<br />
fijar {Es} * see fix; sharpness {E}.<br />
fil magnétique {F} * see magnetic wire {E}.<br />
fila de bo<strong>to</strong>nes {Es} * see bus {E}.<br />
fila de estanterías {Es} * see row {E}.
filage {Es} * see ghost-image; blur {E}.<br />
file {E} * 1) The organizing <strong>of</strong> materials (folders, volumes,<br />
reels, etc.) in<strong>to</strong> an organized unit. 2) A series <strong>of</strong> such files.<br />
3) In machine-readable data, two or more records <strong>of</strong><br />
identical layout treated as a unit. The unit is larger than a<br />
record, but smaller than a data system; also known as a<br />
data set, file set.(22.23.) {D= 1) Aktenband; Aktenheft; 2)<br />
Aktenserie; Aktengruppe; Ablage; 3) Datei; Es= 1)<br />
expediente; 2) serie de expedientes; 3) fichero; F= dossier;<br />
classer}.<br />
file descrip<strong>to</strong>r record {E} * A sec<strong>to</strong>r found in CD-I files<br />
containing information on data segments, essential <strong>to</strong><br />
access <strong>the</strong> file.(39.) {D= ?; Es= registro descrip<strong>to</strong>r de<br />
ficheros; F= fichier descripteur}.<br />
file section {E} * That part <strong>of</strong> an optical disc file that is<br />
recorded in any one extent.20. {D= ?; Es= unidad de<br />
fichero; F= unité de programme enregistrable}.<br />
file structure volume descrip<strong>to</strong>r {E} * A portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD-I<br />
disc label which describes files.39. {D= ?; Es= estructura<br />
del volumen descrip<strong>to</strong>r del fichero; F= volume descripteur<br />
de fichier}.<br />
Filialarchiv {D} * see branch reposi<strong>to</strong>ry {E}.<br />
filigranas {Es} * see paper marks (2) {E}.<br />
fill light {E} * Auxiliary illumination <strong>to</strong> lessen <strong>the</strong> contrast<br />
range or <strong>to</strong> reduce shadows in video productions. {D= ?;<br />
Es= iluminación auxiliar; luz de relleno; F= lumière<br />
d'appoint}.<br />
filler {E} * 1) An added substance used <strong>to</strong> modify <strong>the</strong><br />
physical properties <strong>of</strong> a resin in order <strong>to</strong> create specific<br />
effects, or simply for economic reasons; see also<br />
extender.(04.) 2) The material used as <strong>the</strong> base or carrier<br />
<strong>of</strong> a laminated recording (i.e., <strong>the</strong> wood flour material <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
core <strong>of</strong> a Diamond Disc).(10.) {D= Füllmaterial; Es=<br />
cargas; F= charge; matière de remplissage; remplisseur}.<br />
filler light {E} * An auxiliary light, usually from <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> subject which can illuminate areas not illumi-nated by<br />
<strong>the</strong> key-light.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación auxiliar; luz de<br />
relleno; F= éclairage auxilliaire; projecteur d'appoint}.<br />
film {D;E;F} * 1) A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsion coated on a<br />
flexible transparent plastic base.09. 2) Any sheet or strip<br />
<strong>of</strong> transparent plastic base coated with a light-sensitive<br />
emulsion upon which images can be recorded; see also<br />
diazo; polyester; vesicular film.(40.22.) {Es= película; F=<br />
film cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique; pellicule;(oeuvre<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique) film}.<br />
film {F} * see also picture (pic; pix) {E}.<br />
film à épisodes {F} * see series {E}.<br />
film à moyen terme {F} * see medium-term film {E}.<br />
film acétate {F} * see acetate film {E}.<br />
film achrome {F} * see black and white film {E}.<br />
film archives {E} * 1) Archives in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> motionpictures<br />
with related textual documents. 2) An institution<br />
responsible for <strong>the</strong> acquisition, preservation, and<br />
communication <strong>of</strong> motion-pictures and related<br />
materials.(22.23.) {D= Filmarchiv; Es= archivos<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>gráficos, 2) filmoteca; F= archives<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphiques, 2) cinémathèque}.<br />
film argentique {F} * see silver film {E}.<br />
film au bromure {F} * see bromide film {E}.<br />
100<br />
film avec enroulement extérieur {F} * see b-wind picture<br />
{E}.<br />
film avec enroulement intérieur {F} * see a-wind picture<br />
{E}.<br />
film/bande de net<strong>to</strong>yage {F} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.<br />
film base {E} * The plastic support which carries <strong>the</strong><br />
lightensitive emulsion <strong>of</strong> film.(09.) {D= Trägerschicht; Es=<br />
soporte de la película; soporte película; F= suport film;<br />
support d'émulsion}.<br />
film base density {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> opacity<br />
<strong>of</strong> a film base. The measure does not include density<br />
produced by o<strong>the</strong>r layers such as <strong>the</strong> emulsion, subbing,<br />
or protective layers added <strong>to</strong> prevent scratching.01. {D= ?;<br />
Es= densidad del soporte de la película; F= densité<br />
optique du support film}.<br />
film bipack {F} * see bipack {E}.<br />
film chain {E/US} * see Telecine {E}.<br />
film chlorure {F} * see chloride film {E}.<br />
film cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique {F} * see cinefilm; film archives;<br />
motion pictures {E}.<br />
film clip {E} * A short piece <strong>of</strong> film; see also clip/s.30. {D=<br />
?; Es= extrac<strong>to</strong> de película; tira de vistas fijas; F= extrait<br />
de film}.<br />
film d'actualités {F} * see news film {E}.<br />
film d'archivage {F} * see archival film {E}.<br />
film d'archives {F} * see archival film {E}.<br />
film d'épreuve {F} * see test film {E}.<br />
film d'essai {F} * see test film {E}.<br />
film d'exploitation {F} * see release {E}.<br />
film de conservation à court terme {F} * see short-term film<br />
{E}.<br />
film de conservation à long terme {F} * see long-term film<br />
{E}.<br />
film de fiction {F} * see feature {E}.<br />
film de fiction {F} * see feature {E}.<br />
film de labora<strong>to</strong>ire {F} * see labora<strong>to</strong>ry film {E}.<br />
film de long métrage {F} * see feature {E}.<br />
film de première génération {F} * see first-generation film<br />
{E}.<br />
film déformé {F} * see buckle {E}.<br />
film développé. {F} * see processed film {E}.<br />
film diazo {F} * see diazo film {E}.<br />
film éducatif {F} * see educational film/video {E}.<br />
film éducatif/vidéo éducative {F} * see educational<br />
film/video {E}.<br />
film électropho<strong>to</strong>graphique {F} * see electropho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
film {E}.<br />
film empreinte {F} * see print film {E}.<br />
film espectacular {Es} see feature {E}.
film étalon {F} * see test film {E}.<br />
film faiblement inflammable {F} * see safety film {E}.<br />
film fixe {F} * see filmstrip {E}.<br />
film gauge {E} * The width <strong>of</strong> film, usually measured in<br />
millimetres.30. {D= ?; Es= anchura de película; F= format<br />
du film; format de la pellicule}.<br />
film identification number {E} * The alphameric character<br />
string on <strong>the</strong> label <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> container <strong>of</strong> most film<br />
manufacturers which describes <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
unprocessed film; identified are <strong>the</strong> film type, <strong>the</strong> emulsion<br />
batch number, <strong>the</strong> emulsion type, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
master roll from which <strong>the</strong> particular piece <strong>of</strong> film was cut,<br />
and a code describing width, perforation type and format,<br />
winding, and type <strong>of</strong> core, spool, or magazine. On Kodak<br />
film <strong>the</strong> film strip reference number affixed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> can <strong>of</strong><br />
raw s<strong>to</strong>ck also appears as a latent image on <strong>the</strong> film itself,<br />
visible on <strong>the</strong> processed film between <strong>the</strong> words ‘Eastman’<br />
and ‘safety film’ on <strong>the</strong> edge print.(09. {D= ?; Es= ?; F=<br />
numéro d'identification du film}.<br />
film intermédiaire {F} * see intermediate film {E}.<br />
film irréversible {F} * see direct image film {E}.<br />
film jacket {E} * A transparent plastic sleeve in<strong>to</strong> which<br />
individu-al frames or strips <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm may be inserted.<br />
Film that has been s<strong>to</strong>red in this manner is referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
jacketed film.01. {D= ?; Es= funda [envol<strong>to</strong>rio] de la<br />
película; F= pochette de film}.<br />
film négatif original {F} * see camera negative {E}.<br />
film noir {E;F} * A French term, now in common usage, for<br />
a film with a gritty urban setting that deals with dark or<br />
violent passions, especially prevalent in American cinema<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> late 1940s and early 1950s.(30.) {D= ?; Es= película<br />
negra}.<br />
film noir et blanc {F} * see black and white film {E}.<br />
film non flam {F} * see acetate film {E}.<br />
film original {F} * see camera film {E}.<br />
film ortho-chromatique {F} * see orthochromatic film {E}.<br />
film perforation {E} * Symmetrical, precision holes punched<br />
at regular intervals along <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> film <strong>to</strong> accept <strong>the</strong><br />
pins, pegs or sprockets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> drive system as <strong>the</strong> film is<br />
transported through <strong>the</strong> camera, projec<strong>to</strong>r, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
equipment.(09.) {D= Perforation; Es= perforaciónes en la<br />
película; perforación; perforaciones; F= perforation;<br />
alésage de débiteur}.<br />
film positif d'archive {F} * see archival positive {E}.<br />
film pour le grand public {F} * see exploitation film {E}.<br />
film réversible {F} * see image reversing film {E}.<br />
film réversible internégatif couleur {F} * see colour reversal<br />
intermediate-negative film (CRI) {E}.<br />
film sans dircisseur {F} * see forehardened film {E}.<br />
film size {E} * see film gauge.<br />
film speed {E} * 1) A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light<br />
as expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ASA exposure index, <strong>the</strong><br />
higher <strong>the</strong> ASA number <strong>the</strong> more sensitive <strong>the</strong> film is <strong>to</strong><br />
light. 2) The rate at which motion picture film passes<br />
through a camera or a projec<strong>to</strong>r as expressed in frames<br />
per second (FPS). The standard speed for sound film is 24<br />
frames per second (FPS); <strong>the</strong> standard speed for silent<br />
film varied from 16 <strong>to</strong> 18 FPS; see also speed. {D= ?; Es=<br />
101<br />
velocidad de película; F= 1) sensibilité du film 2) vitesse du<br />
film; cadence de projection}.<br />
film strip reference number {E} * One <strong>of</strong> several means<br />
which Kodak provides <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> raw film,<br />
this being a sticker affixed <strong>to</strong> most cans holding 400 or<br />
more feet <strong>of</strong> film s<strong>to</strong>ck which gives <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> a<br />
particular strip <strong>of</strong> film cut from <strong>the</strong> master roll. Numbers 1<br />
<strong>to</strong> 38 are used for 35-mm film; 1 <strong>to</strong> 83 for 16-mm film; see<br />
also film identification.09. {D= ?; Es= número de referencia<br />
de tira de película; F= numéro de référence du film}.<br />
film vesiculaire {F} * see vesicular film {E}.<br />
film vierge {F} * see films<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
film vierge {F} * see films<strong>to</strong>ck; raw s<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
film vierge avec enroulement extérieur {F} * see b-wind raw<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
film vierge avec enroulement intérieur {F} * see a-wind raw<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
Film {D} * see motion pictures {E}.<br />
Film {D} * see picture (pic/pix) {E}.<br />
Film Conditioning Apparatus (FICA) {D;E;Es;F} * A<br />
process, developed by <strong>the</strong> Swedish Film Archive and<br />
marketed by FilmTechnik, S<strong>to</strong>ckholm, which conditions<br />
motion picture film for archival s<strong>to</strong>rage by staging <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
ideal relative humidity, winding it <strong>to</strong> specific <strong>to</strong>rque, and<br />
vacuum sealing it in<strong>to</strong> poly-foil bags.<br />
Film-Architekt {D} * see art direc<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
film-<strong>to</strong>-tape transfer {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> copying images<br />
originally on film <strong>to</strong> videotape.(06.) {D= Überspielung Film<br />
auf Magnetband; Es= replicado cine-video; F= transfert de<br />
film sur bande video; télécinéma; kinescope<br />
Filmabtaster {D} * see telecine {E;Es}.<br />
filmación alea<strong>to</strong>ria {Es} * see alea<strong>to</strong>ry filming {E}.<br />
filmadora de Televisión {Es} * see TCR {E}.<br />
Filmarchiv {D} * see film archives {E}.<br />
Filmarchivgut {D} * see audiovisual archives/records data<br />
{E}.<br />
Filmaufzeichnungsgerät {D} * see telerecorder {E;F}.<br />
Filmaufzeichung (FAZ) {D} * see kinescope film {E;F}.<br />
Filmband {D} * see track {E}.<br />
Filmdokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records<br />
data {E}.<br />
filme (material virgen) de enrollado tipo b {Es} * see b-wind<br />
raw s<strong>to</strong>ck {E}.<br />
filme {Es} * see motion pictures; picture (pic/pix) {E}.<br />
filme cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico {Es} * see cinefilm {E}.<br />
filme de enrollado tipo a {Es} * see a-wind picture {E}.<br />
filme de enrollado tipo b {Es} * see b-wind picture {E}.<br />
filme o cinta de limpieza {Es} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.<br />
filme virgen de enrollado tipo a {Es} * see a-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck<br />
{E}.
Filmemacher {D} * see cineaste {E}.<br />
filmic space {E} * A phrase not widely used which refers <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film medium which makes possible <strong>the</strong><br />
combination <strong>of</strong> shots <strong>of</strong> widely separated original locations<br />
in<strong>to</strong> a single framework <strong>of</strong> space.30. {D= ?; Es= espacio<br />
fílmico; F= espace filmique}.<br />
filmina {Es} * see filmstrip {E}.<br />
Filmkern {D} * see core {E}.<br />
Filmkopie mit Licht<strong>to</strong>nspur {D} * see composite {E}.<br />
Filmkunde {D} * see filmology; cinemagraphic {E}.<br />
Filmlochkarte {D} * see aperture card {E}.<br />
filmografía {Es} * see filmography {E}.<br />
filmographie {F} * see filmography {E}.<br />
filmography {E} * A bibliography <strong>of</strong> motion pictures. {D=<br />
Filmographie; Es= filmografía; F= filmographie}.<br />
filmología {Es} * see filmology {E}.<br />
filmologie {F} * see filmology {E}.<br />
Filmologie {D} * see filmology {E}.<br />
filmology {E} * A general term for <strong>the</strong> study and analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
film -- usually by psychologists, aes<strong>the</strong>ticians, sociologists,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> like -- which suggests a quasi-scientific<br />
attitude.30. {D= Filmkunde; Filmologie; Es= filmología; F=<br />
filmologie}.<br />
filmoteca {Es} * see film archives {E}.<br />
Filmrolle {D} * see reel {E}.<br />
films d'art et d'essais {F} * see underground films {E}.<br />
Filmschlaufe {D} * see loop {E}.<br />
Filmschleife {D} * see buckle; loop {E}.<br />
films<strong>to</strong>ck {E} * 1) The raw material <strong>of</strong> film. 2) General term<br />
for motion picture film, particularly before<br />
exposure.(09.12.) {D= ?; Es= existencias de una película;<br />
F= film vierge; pellicule vierge}.<br />
Filmstreifen {D} * see filmstrip; unitized film {E}.<br />
filmstrip {E} * A length <strong>of</strong> film containing a succession <strong>of</strong><br />
images intended for projection one at a time, with or<br />
without recorded sound.(03.22.23.) {D= Bildband;<br />
Lichtbildreihe; Filmstreifen; Es= película fija; filmina; tira;<br />
F= film fixe; bande de film; série de diapositives}.<br />
filo rec<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see straight edge {E}.<br />
filter {D;E} * 1) A device or circuitry which removes and/or<br />
attenuates specific frequencies (sound, light, etc.) during<br />
recording and/or playback. 2) In film production, a piece <strong>of</strong><br />
glass or o<strong>the</strong>r transparent material used over <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>to</strong><br />
emphasize, eliminate, or change <strong>the</strong> colour or density <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> entire scene or certain elements in <strong>the</strong> scene.(09.30.)<br />
3) An electronic circuit designed <strong>to</strong> modify certain<br />
frequencies.39. {Es= filtro; F= filtre}.<br />
filtrage hautes fréquences {F} * see high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f<br />
{E}.<br />
filtre {F} * see filter {D;E}.<br />
filtre anti-images {F} * see antiimaging filter {E}.<br />
102<br />
filtre anticrénelage {F} * see antialiasing filter {E}.<br />
filtre antirepliement {F} * see antialiasing filter {E}.<br />
filtre catadioptrique {F} * see catadioptric lens {E}.<br />
filtre de densité neutre {F} * see neutral density filters {E}.<br />
filtre de Tchebychev {F} * see Chebyshev filter {E}.<br />
filtre dichroïque {F} * see Dichroic mirror; Dichroic filter {E}.<br />
filtre en peigne {F} * see comb filter {E}.<br />
filtre numérique {F} * see digital filter {E}.<br />
filtre passe bas {F} * see low-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtre passe-bande {F} * see band-pass filter {D;E}.<br />
filtre passe-haut {F} * see high-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtre polarisant {F} * see polarizing filter {E}.<br />
filtre sélectif {F} * see notch-filter {E}.<br />
filtre traversal {F} * see transverse filter {E}.<br />
filtre UV {F} * see UV filter {E}.<br />
filtres anti-brouillard {F} * see haze filters {E}.<br />
filtres de correction (chromatique) {F} * see correction<br />
filters {E}.<br />
filtres UV {F} * see haze filters {E}.<br />
filtro {Es} * see filter {D;E}.<br />
filtro antiimagen {Es} * see antiimaging filter {E}.<br />
filtro atenuante {Es} * see antialiasing filter {D;E}.<br />
filtro Chebyshev {Es} * see Chebyshev filter {E}.<br />
filtro de característica en peine {Es} * see comb filter {E}.<br />
filtro de gris neutro {Es} * see neutral density filters {E}.<br />
filtro de muesca {Es} * see notch-filter {E}.<br />
filtro de onda {Es} * see comb filter {E}.<br />
filtro de paso al<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see high-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtro de paso bajo {Es} * see low-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtro de paso de banda {Es} * see band-pass filter {D;E}.<br />
filtro dicroíco {Es} * see Dichroic filter {E}.<br />
filtro digital {Es} * see digital filter {E}.<br />
filtro gris {Es} * see neutral density filters {E}.<br />
filtro neutro {Es} * see neutral density<br />
filtro pasaal<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see high-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtro pasabajos {Es} * see low-pass filter {E}.<br />
filtro polarizador {Es} * see polarizing filter {E}.<br />
filtro reduc<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see antialiasing filter {D;E}.<br />
filtro transversal {Es} * see transverse filter {E}.<br />
filtro ultravioleta {Es} * see UV filter {E}.
filtros antineblinas {Es} * see haze filters {E}.<br />
filtros correc<strong>to</strong>res {Es} * see correction filters {E}.<br />
filtros de corrección {Es} * see correction filters {E}.<br />
final cut {E} * see fine cut.<br />
Findbehelf {D} * see finding aid {E}.<br />
Findbuch {D} * see finding aid {E}.<br />
finding aid {E} * A document, published or unpublished,<br />
listing or describing a body <strong>of</strong> record/archives <strong>the</strong>reby<br />
establishing adminis-trative and intellectual control over<br />
<strong>the</strong>m by a records centre/archive, thus making <strong>the</strong>m more<br />
accessible and comprehensible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> user. Basic finding<br />
aids include calendars, catalogues, guides, indexes,<br />
inven<strong>to</strong>ries, lists, location reviews/registers, and, for<br />
machine readable records/archives, s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
documentation; also called 'means <strong>of</strong> reference'.(22.23.)<br />
{D= Findbehelf; Findbuch; Es= instrumen<strong>to</strong> de trabajo;<br />
instrumen<strong>to</strong> de consulta; F= instrument de recherche}.<br />
fine cut {E} * In moving-image productions, <strong>the</strong> final cut;<br />
see also montage; rough cut.30. {D= Schnittkopie;<br />
Feinschnitt; Es= copia positiva definitiva; F= montage fin;<br />
positif modèle}.<br />
fire door {E} * A door made <strong>of</strong> heat and fire resistant<br />
material designed in such a way as <strong>to</strong> au<strong>to</strong>matically close<br />
an opening when <strong>the</strong> temperature reaches a<br />
predetermined level. While desirable in all archival<br />
settings, fire doors are required in most codes for nitrate<br />
film vaults. {D= Brandschutztüre; Es= puerta contra<br />
incendios; F= porte coupe-feu; porte à revêtement<br />
ignifuge}.<br />
first reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {E} * The first copy <strong>of</strong> a<br />
document made from a preservation master negative, thus<br />
a second generation copy. Synonymous with second<br />
generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm. {D= ?; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de segunda<br />
generación; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de première génération}.<br />
first-generation film {E} * Synonymous with camera film,<br />
master film, preservation master negative, and original<br />
film; see also preservation master negative. {D= ?; Es=<br />
película de primera generación; F= film de première<br />
génération}.<br />
first-generation image {E} * The print or first reproduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> an object or document, thus a second-generation copy<br />
<strong>of</strong> a first-gener-ation (i.e., an original) item. {D= ?; Es=<br />
imagen de primera generación; F= image de première<br />
génération}.<br />
first-generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {E} * Synonymous with camera<br />
film, master film, preservation master negative, and<br />
original film; see also preservation master negative. {D= ?;<br />
Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de primera generación; F= ?}.<br />
first-generation videotape {E} * A magnetic tape based<br />
moving-image medium synonymous with first-generation<br />
film. {D= ?; Es= cinta de vídeo de primera generación; F=<br />
bande vidéo de première génération; original}.<br />
Fischaugenobjektiv {D} * see fish-eye lens {E}.<br />
fish-eye lens {E} * An extremely wide-angle lens which has<br />
an angle-<strong>of</strong>-view approaching 180 degrees. It greatly<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rts <strong>the</strong> image.30. {D= Fischaugenobjektiv; Es=<br />
objetivo de ojo de pez; F= objectif très grand angulaire;<br />
ultra-grand angulaire}.<br />
fix {E} * 1) To establish a sound or picture level. 2) To<br />
harden a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or print; also known as<br />
fixing.(10.) {D= fixieren; Fixierung; Es= fijar; fijado; F= fixer;<br />
étalonner la lumière; fixage}.<br />
103<br />
fixation de diaphragme {F} * see cross-head {E}.<br />
fixer {E;F} * Also called hypo; material used in film<br />
processing <strong>to</strong> cause pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials <strong>to</strong> lose <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light by dissolving <strong>the</strong> silver halide. The image<br />
will continue <strong>to</strong> darken if not properly fixed.43. A commonly<br />
used fixer is sodium thiosulphate.07. {D= ?; Es= fijador}.<br />
fixer {F} * see fix {E}.<br />
fixieren {D} * see fix {E}.<br />
Fixierung {D} * see fix {E}.<br />
fixing {E} * see fix.<br />
fixité {F} * see stability {E}.<br />
flag {E} * 1) To mark a place for a particular purpose. 2)<br />
The object used for this purpose. 3) One or more bits used<br />
<strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re and indicate status <strong>of</strong> a circuit or system.39. 4) In<br />
video production, a flag is a small rectangular gobo which<br />
is a shutter or frame mounted fabric used <strong>to</strong> block light or<br />
eliminate a reflection in a Television production. {D=<br />
Flagge; Marke; Es= visera de cámara; bandera; marca; F=<br />
marque; drapeau; écran pare-lumière}.<br />
flag-waving {E} * see flagging.<br />
flagging {E} * 1) The fluttering or pulling <strong>to</strong> one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> video picture when a stretched tape is played;<br />
sometime adjusting <strong>the</strong> horizontal control on <strong>the</strong> tv can<br />
reduce flagging. This abnormality can also result from<br />
missing timing pulses during <strong>the</strong> vertical blanking period;<br />
see also flagging.(35.) 2) Marking <strong>the</strong> place on <strong>the</strong> shelf<br />
from which an object was taken <strong>to</strong> facilitate<br />
reshelving.(04.); also known as flag-waving. {D= ?; Es=<br />
aleteo; ondear una bandera; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion en drapeau (de<br />
l'image)}.<br />
flaking {E} * The shedding <strong>of</strong> pieces <strong>of</strong> material from<br />
laminated objects, e.g. oxide from magnetic tape, coating<br />
from acetate discs; essentially <strong>the</strong> same as peeling, but<br />
more localized in effect.(04.10.) {D= ?; Es= separación en<br />
escamas; F= débrits; écailles}.<br />
flange {E} * A fixed or removable circular disc which is<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r connected <strong>to</strong> or part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hub <strong>to</strong> make a reel; its<br />
purpose is <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong> tape or film wound on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hub<br />
and <strong>to</strong> guide <strong>the</strong> film or magnetic tape on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hub; see<br />
also reel.(06.) {D= Flansch; Bandführung; Es= solapa;<br />
reborde; ala; F= flasque; joue; plateau; bobine<br />
démontable; flasque}.<br />
Flansch {D} * see flange; reel flange {E}.<br />
flash card {E} * A card or o<strong>the</strong>r opaque material printed<br />
with words, numerals, or pictures and designed for rapid<br />
display.03. {D= ?; Es= apuntador (obje<strong>to</strong>); F= ?}.<br />
flash frame {E} * A sing-image production inserted in<strong>to</strong> a<br />
shot <strong>to</strong> provide an instant <strong>of</strong> a different image.(12.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= fo<strong>to</strong>grama flash; F= image blanche; imùage de<br />
départ}.<br />
flash title {E} * In motion-picture productions, a temporary<br />
form <strong>of</strong> titles for cutting, usually two <strong>to</strong> three frames in<br />
length, used primarily <strong>to</strong> mark <strong>the</strong> place/s where title<br />
belong.(12.) {D= ?; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>gramas de fijación del título<br />
(provisionales); F= titre provisoire de montage}.<br />
flasque {F} * see flange {E}.<br />
flasque de bobine {F} * see reel flange {E}.<br />
flat {E} * In studio and <strong>the</strong>atrical productions, a moveable<br />
structure that may be painted or covered in fabric <strong>to</strong><br />
provide a visual background or separation in <strong>the</strong> scene.
{D= ?; Es= plano; liso; F= plat; paroi; chassis plat;<br />
"feuilles" d'un décor}.<br />
flat bed camera {E} * see planetary camera.<br />
flat filing {E} * see horizontal filing.<br />
flat finish {E} * A smooth pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image surface free<br />
from glare.(07.) {D= ?; Es= acabado plano; acabado mate;<br />
F= visualisation du signal vidéo composite}.<br />
flat image {E} * An image which does not swell when spottested<br />
with water and which does not show a relief<br />
between its shadows and highlights; <strong>the</strong> opposite <strong>of</strong> a relief<br />
image; see also water spot-test. {D= ?; Es= imagen plana;<br />
F= image; plate; sans relief}.<br />
flat lighting {E} * Low contrast lighting; see also gamma;<br />
post-lashing.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación de bajo contraste;<br />
F= éclairage plat; lumière sans relief}.<br />
flat response {E} * A related but more definitive term than<br />
frequency response; implies a degree <strong>of</strong> excellence, but in<br />
order <strong>to</strong> be meaningful must be fur<strong>the</strong>r defined in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
dB variation from absolute flatness over a specified<br />
frequency range (e.g. -3 dB from 50 <strong>to</strong> 14,000 Hz); an<br />
indication <strong>of</strong> a sound system's ability <strong>to</strong> reproduce all<br />
audible frequencies supplied <strong>to</strong> it, maintaining <strong>the</strong> original<br />
balance between low, middle, and high<br />
frequencies.(50.16.) {D= ?; Es= respuesta plana; F=<br />
response plate; uniforme; linéaire}.<br />
flat-filing {E} * The placing <strong>of</strong> materials, whe<strong>the</strong>r bound or<br />
in containers, in a position parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shelf; also know<br />
as horizontal filing.(23.) {D= liegende Aufbewahrung;<br />
Ablage; Es= instalación horizontal; F= s<strong>to</strong>ckage à plat;<br />
conservation à plat}.<br />
flats {E} * Two pieces <strong>of</strong> matched optical glass for holding<br />
film flat during projection or viewing, as in a micr<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />
reader.40. {D= ?; Es= lentes planas; F= pince pour le film}.<br />
flau {D} * see blur {E}.<br />
flick pan {E} * see swish pan.<br />
flicker {E} * The results when <strong>the</strong> video frame repetition<br />
rate is not high enough <strong>to</strong> cause <strong>the</strong> observing eye <strong>to</strong><br />
perceive a continuous image. {D= ?; Es= parpadeo; F=<br />
papillottement; scintillement; battement}.<br />
flickering {E} * A cyclical fluctuation in <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
light thrown on <strong>the</strong> screen in film projection caused by <strong>the</strong><br />
passage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shutter across <strong>the</strong> light beam or by a<br />
projection rate <strong>of</strong> fewer frames per second than<br />
persistence <strong>of</strong> vision can fuse in<strong>to</strong> a continuous<br />
image.(30.) {D= Flimmern; Es= centelleo; parpadeo; F=<br />
scintillement; papillottement}.<br />
Fliehkraftregler {D} * see flywheel {E}.<br />
Flimmern {D} * see flickering {E}.<br />
flip cards {E} * A set <strong>of</strong> title cards or o<strong>the</strong>r graphics<br />
mounted in sequence so that <strong>the</strong>y may be changed by a<br />
quick hand motion; also called flop.(54) {D= ?; Es=<br />
cartulinas para mover de un tirón; F= car<strong>to</strong>ns volants<br />
(titres)}.<br />
float {E} * An art work secured on a mat in such a way that<br />
all <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item can be seen through <strong>the</strong> window<br />
opening.(07.) {D= ?; Es= flotador; F= rampe; chassis<br />
mobile}.<br />
floatation {E} * A means <strong>of</strong> coating pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper with<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r a sensitizing or emulsion coating liquid by floating<br />
<strong>the</strong> piece <strong>of</strong> paper on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liquid.05. {D= ?;<br />
104<br />
Es= flotación; F= ?}.<br />
floating point {E} * An encoding technique in which a<br />
mantissa (i.e., decimal part <strong>of</strong> a logartihm) represents<br />
amplitude, and an exponenet provides a scaling<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>r.(39.) {D= ?; Es= pun<strong>to</strong> de flotación; F= à virgule<br />
flottante}.<br />
floating reporducer {E} * The simplet type <strong>of</strong> reproducer,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> a circular body <strong>of</strong> metal (aluminium, brass,<br />
nickel plate steel or alloy have all been used) or plastic<br />
(frequently vulcanite) and suspended ei<strong>the</strong>r by a rigid<br />
output tube from <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horn or from a socket on a<br />
carrier-arm propelled by a feed screw. see also semiflating<br />
reproducer.(14) ?; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r flotante; F=<br />
lecteur à système flottant}.<br />
floor load {E} * The maximum weight that a given structure<br />
can bear without danger <strong>of</strong> collapsing. Because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
generally unexpected greater weight <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
materials special concern and consideration must be made<br />
<strong>of</strong> floor load capacity in audiovisual archives. {D= ?; Es=<br />
carga máxima que puede soportar un suelo; F= charge au<br />
sol}.<br />
flop {E} * see flip card.<br />
floppy {E} * see floppy disk.<br />
floppy disk {E} * A flat, thin, flexible, circular, magnetically<br />
coated plastic object used <strong>to</strong> record data, usually on<br />
computers; also called a floppy and a diskette.(10.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= disco flexible; F= disquette}.<br />
florecimien<strong>to</strong> (de hongos) del nitra<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see nitrate<br />
bloom {E}.<br />
florecimien<strong>to</strong> fúngico {Es} * see bloom (4) {E}.<br />
flotación {Es} * see floatation {E}.<br />
flotador {Es} * see float {E}.<br />
flottement {F} * see creep {E}.<br />
flou {Es} * see blur; s<strong>of</strong>t focus {E}.<br />
flou artistique {F} * see s<strong>of</strong>t focus {E}.<br />
fluctuation de vitesse {F} * see wow and flutter {E}.<br />
fluctuations de vitesse {F} * see flutter {E}.<br />
fluctuations temporelles {F} * see jitter {D;E}.<br />
flujo (luminoso) {Es} * see flux {E}.<br />
flujo energético {Es} * see radiant flux {E}.<br />
flujo intrínseco {Es} * see intrinsic flux {E}.<br />
flujo luminoso {Es} * see luminous flux {E}.<br />
fluting {E} * The effect <strong>of</strong> swelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outside edges <strong>of</strong><br />
film or tape; see also edge.(09.) {D= ?; Es= rizado;<br />
acanaladura; F= cannelures; tuilage}.<br />
flutter {E} * Very short rapid variations in disc, strip film, or<br />
tape speed causing pitch and/or amplitude variations.<br />
Usually <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> defects in equipment or friction<br />
between <strong>the</strong> carrier and heads or guides; a form <strong>of</strong><br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(04.16.) {D= hochfrequente<br />
Gleichlaufschwankungen; Es= vibración; ondulación;<br />
trémolo; F= fluctuations de vitesse; pleurage;<br />
scintillement}.<br />
flux {E} * Lines <strong>of</strong> magnetic force; see also maximum<br />
intrinsic flux. {D= magnetischer Fluß; Es= flujo (luminoso);
F= flux magnétique}.<br />
flux lumineux {F} * see luminous flux {F}.<br />
flux magnéflux radiant {F} * see radiant flux {E}.<br />
flying erase head {E} * In a videotape deck, an erase head<br />
is mounted on <strong>the</strong> spinning head drum assembly a few<br />
degrees ahead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> record head. During electronic<br />
editing, this head turns erase current on/<strong>of</strong>f precisely as<br />
determined <strong>to</strong> record new video information. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cabeza borradora volante; F= tête d'effacement (vid)}.<br />
flying spot scanner {E} * An image pickup device which<br />
produces a raster on a kinescope and focus it on a frame<br />
<strong>of</strong> film. {D= ?; Es= explorador de pun<strong>to</strong> móvil; F= analyseur<br />
à spot mobile; (analyseur à balayage)}.<br />
flywheel {E} * A device on a spring driven mo<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> control<br />
<strong>the</strong> speed variation.(14.) {D= Fliehkraftregler; Es= volante;<br />
F= régulateur à boules; volant}.<br />
FM {E} * acronym for frequency modulation.50.<br />
FM stereo {D;E;Es;F} * also known as multiplexing; a form<br />
<strong>of</strong> FM broadcast-ing in which two channels <strong>of</strong> audio signals<br />
are transmitted on <strong>the</strong> same carrier, <strong>of</strong>fering a signal<br />
similar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> stereo available from stereo records and<br />
tapes.50.<br />
focal length {E} * 1) The actual length <strong>of</strong> a lens measured<br />
in millimetres <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> distance from <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> film plane. Long lenses are telepho<strong>to</strong> lenses, short<br />
lenses are wide--ngle lenses.30. 2) The distance from <strong>the</strong><br />
optical centre <strong>of</strong> a lens <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> point at which parallel rays <strong>of</strong><br />
light passing through it con-verge (<strong>the</strong> focal point).09. {D=<br />
?; Es= distancia focal; F= distance focale}.<br />
focal plane {E} * The area in space on which parallel rays<br />
<strong>of</strong> light refracted through a lens focus <strong>to</strong> form sharp<br />
images.09. {D= Brennenbene; Es= plano focal; F= plan<br />
focal}.<br />
focale {F} * see focus {E}.<br />
focus {E} * 1) The point where parallel rays <strong>of</strong> light<br />
refracted by a given lens appear <strong>to</strong> meet. 2) The degree <strong>of</strong><br />
clarity <strong>of</strong> an image refracted through a lens on<strong>to</strong> a screen<br />
or a film emulsion.09. {D= scharf einstellen; Es= enfocar;<br />
F= 1) point de focalisation; 2) focale; mettre au point}.<br />
focus plane {E} * The plane in <strong>the</strong> scene being<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed upon which <strong>the</strong> lens is focused; measured<br />
as a distance from <strong>the</strong> camera; see also depth <strong>of</strong> field.30.<br />
{D= ?; Es= plano de enfoque; F= ?}.<br />
focus pull {E} * To refocus during a shot; <strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong><br />
focus plane; see also rack focus, follow focus.30. {D= ?;<br />
Es= tiro focal; F= ajustement de la distance focale}.<br />
fog {E} * 1) Non-image pho<strong>to</strong>graphic density. 2) A defect<br />
in film that can be caused by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> stray light during<br />
exposure, improperly compounded processing solutions,<br />
or poorly s<strong>to</strong>red or outdated pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials.(40.)<br />
{D= Schleier; Belichtungsschleier; Es= velo; F= voile; effet<br />
de brouillard}.<br />
fogging {E} * Darkening or discolouring <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
negative or print or lightening or discolouring <strong>of</strong> a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic reversal material caused by l) expo-sure <strong>to</strong><br />
non image-forming light <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic material<br />
is sensitive, 2) overdevelopment, 3) outdated film, or 4)<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> in a hot, humid place.(09.) {D= ?; Es= velado;<br />
F= voile}.<br />
folder {E} * 1) A folded sheet <strong>of</strong> cardboard or heavy paper<br />
serving as a cover for a number <strong>of</strong> documents. 2) A type<br />
<strong>of</strong> file.(23.) {D= Aktendeckel; Deckel; 2) Aktenband;<br />
105<br />
Aktenheft; Es= 1) camisa; carpetilla; 2) carpetilla; F=<br />
chemise; dépliant}.<br />
folding endurance {E} * The number <strong>of</strong> folds under<br />
specified conditions in a standard instrument which<br />
material will withstand before failure. The specimen is<br />
subjected repeatedly <strong>to</strong> double folds through a wide angle<br />
while under tension. Folding endurance is a very important<br />
indication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> durability <strong>of</strong> archival papers. A decline in<br />
folding endurance is <strong>the</strong> most sensitive indica<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> ageing<br />
and deterioration <strong>of</strong> paper.(08.45.) {D= ?; Es= resistencia<br />
al pegado; F= résistance au pliage}.<br />
folding strength {E} * see folding endurance.<br />
foldover {E} * see aliasing.<br />
folle<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see booklet {E}.<br />
follow focus {E} * To pull or continually realign <strong>the</strong> focusimage<br />
productions, usually a tracking shot, sometimes a<br />
zoom, which follows <strong>the</strong> subject as it moves.30. {D= ?; Es=<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma continua; F= ?}.<br />
fonction de clignotement {F} * see blink {E}.<br />
fonction de gestion des listes de montage {F} * see trace<br />
{E}.<br />
fond bleu {F} * see blue screen process; blue backing {E}.<br />
fondo {Es} * see archive group {E}.<br />
fondo azul {Es} * see blue backing {E}.<br />
fondo cerrado {Es} * see closed record group {E}.<br />
fondos transferidos {Es} * see transfer (4) {E}.<br />
fonds clos {F} * see closed record group {E}.<br />
fonds d'archives {F} * see archive group {E}.<br />
fondu {F} * see fade {E}.<br />
fondu {F} * see fade; mix {E}.<br />
fondu enchaîné {F} * see dissolve {E}.<br />
fondudo de cierre {Es} * see fade {E}.<br />
fongicide {F} * see fungicide {E}.<br />
fonógrafo {Es} * see phonograph {E}.<br />
font {E} * In video production, an electronically created<br />
graphic character. {D= ?; Es= fuente; F= police<br />
(caractères)}.<br />
foot switch {E} * A foot activated pedal for s<strong>to</strong>pping and<br />
starting a piece <strong>of</strong> equipment without <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> hands;<br />
frequently used in dictation machines <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> person<br />
taking <strong>the</strong> dictation <strong>to</strong> proceed at a rate where all<br />
information can be more accurately transcribed.(50.) {D=<br />
?; Es= conmutador de pedal; F= pédale; commande à<br />
pied}.<br />
footage counter {E} * A numeric indica<strong>to</strong>r which shows <strong>the</strong><br />
exact number <strong>of</strong> feet <strong>of</strong> a material (i.e., film or tape) that<br />
have passed by <strong>the</strong> counter. {D= ?; Es= contador de la<br />
longitud en oies; F= ?}.<br />
footcandle (FC) {E} * Term used in measuring light. One<br />
‘footcandle’ equals <strong>the</strong> illumination produced when <strong>the</strong><br />
light from a point source <strong>of</strong> one candle falls on a source<br />
one foot away from <strong>the</strong> candle; one lumen per square<br />
foot.(25.44.) Full sunlight with <strong>the</strong> sun in <strong>the</strong> zenith is <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
order <strong>of</strong> 10,000 footcandles on a horizontal surface; see
also candela; lumen.01. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= candela-pied<br />
(candéla-mètre cdm)}.<br />
footprint {E} * In satellite technology, <strong>the</strong> area in which <strong>the</strong><br />
satellite downlink is satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry for reception. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pisada; F= aire de réception satellite}.<br />
force coercitive {F} * see coercivity {E}.<br />
force d'appui {F} * see stylus force {E}.<br />
force de champ magnétisant {F} * see magnetizing field<br />
strength {E}.<br />
force de traction {F} * see tensile strength {E}.<br />
forced processing {E} * Increasing <strong>the</strong> development time<br />
or <strong>the</strong> processing temperatures <strong>of</strong> a film <strong>to</strong> improve <strong>the</strong><br />
density <strong>of</strong> underdeveloped film; also known as forced<br />
development; push processing.(09.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
procedimien<strong>to</strong> forzado; F= développement poussé}.<br />
forces de Van der Waals {F} * see Van der Waals' forces<br />
{E}.<br />
forehardened film {E} * Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> films designed <strong>to</strong> skip<br />
<strong>the</strong> prehardener solution in <strong>the</strong> devel-opment process.09.<br />
{D= ?; Es= endurecimien<strong>to</strong> preliminar de la película; F=<br />
film sans "dircisseur"}.<br />
forgery {E} * A document falsified wholly or in part in<br />
content or form with <strong>the</strong> intention <strong>to</strong> deceive through its<br />
acceptance as an original.(23.) {D= Fälschung; Es=<br />
documen<strong>to</strong> falso; F= faux}.<br />
forma de lectura {Es} * see clipping (1) {E}.<br />
forma de onda {Es} * see wave form {E}.<br />
forma de reproducción {Es} * see clipping (1) {E}.<br />
formación electrolítica {Es} * see electr<strong>of</strong>orming {E}.<br />
formal note {E} * see note.<br />
format {D;E;F} * 1) In its widest sense, a particular physical<br />
presentation <strong>of</strong> an item.03. 2) In au<strong>to</strong>matic data<br />
processing, <strong>the</strong> arrangement <strong>of</strong> data.22. 3) The general<br />
pattern <strong>of</strong> a television programme or series. 4) The aspect<br />
ratio <strong>of</strong> a moving--image production.(09.10.) 5) The varied<br />
types <strong>of</strong> television systems, for example NTSC, PAL, or<br />
SECAM. 6) Of a magnetic recording, <strong>the</strong> general<br />
arrangement <strong>of</strong> tracks or records on <strong>the</strong> tape. 7) The<br />
various methods and/or standards used <strong>to</strong> produce a<br />
particular type <strong>of</strong> recorded signal. 8) The physical format<br />
in which something appears.(10.) 9) The order in which<br />
data is organized or recorded on a medium.39. see also<br />
gauge. {Es= forma<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
format B {E;F} * A one-inch, analogue, segmented-field,<br />
broadcast-quality videotape recording system and format<br />
in which each television field is recorded on several<br />
tracks.(06.) {D= 1-Zoll B-Format; Es= forma<strong>to</strong> B}.<br />
format C {E;F} * A one-inch, analogue, non-segmentedfield,<br />
broadcast-quality videotape recording system and<br />
format in which each television field is recorded on a single<br />
track.(06.) {D= 1-Zoll C-Format; Es= forma<strong>to</strong> C}.<br />
format d'image {F} * see aspect ratio {E}.<br />
format de la pellicule {F} * see film gauge {E}.<br />
format de la pellicule {F} see film gauge {E}<br />
format de transmission série {F} * see serial transmission<br />
format {E}.<br />
106<br />
format du film {F} * see film gauge {E}.<br />
format M {F} * see M-format {E}.<br />
format MAC {F} * see MAC format {E}.<br />
Format {D} * see gauge {E}.<br />
formation de poudrette {F} * see dusting; oxide build-up<br />
{E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> (TV y cine) {Es} * see aspect ratio {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see format {D;E;F}; gauge {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> B {Es} * see format B {E;F}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> C {Es} * see format C {E;F}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> de títulos {Es} * see avant tître {E;F}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> de transmisión en serie {Es} * see serial<br />
transmission format {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> de una cinta de vídeo digital {Es} * see D-1 {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> digital no comprimido {Es} * see D-5 {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> M {Es} * see M-format {E}.<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> MAC {Es} * see MAC format {E}.<br />
forme d'une découpe {F} * see hole {E}.<br />
Forsetzung {D} * see continuation {E;F}.<br />
fosse d'orchestre {F} * see pit {D;E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see shot {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong> polimerización (2P) {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>-polymerization<br />
(2P) {E}.<br />
Fo<strong>to</strong>archiv/e {D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic records/archives {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>copia {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>diodo de cuatro cuadrantes {Es} * see four quadrant<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>diode {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>diódo {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>diode {D;E;F}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>eléctrico {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>electric {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graph; print {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía aérea {Es} * see aerial pho<strong>to</strong>graph {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía con la luz ambiental disponible {Es} * see<br />
available-light pho<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía de tiempo acelerado {Es} * see time-lapse<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
Fo<strong>to</strong>grafie {D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graph {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama {Es} * see frame; pho<strong>to</strong>gram {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama a fo<strong>to</strong>grama {Es} * see single-frame exposure;<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p-motion pho<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama flash {Es} * see flash frame {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama pilo<strong>to</strong> literalmente, {Es} * see model shot {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gramas de fijación del título (provisionales) {Es} * see<br />
flash title {E}.
fo<strong>to</strong>gramas por segundo {Es} * see frames per second<br />
(FPS) {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gramma {Es} * see frame {E}.<br />
Fo<strong>to</strong>kopie {D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>metría {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>metry {E}.<br />
fotómetro {Es} * see exposure meter; pho<strong>to</strong>meter {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>resistente {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>resist {E}.<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>sensible {Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive {E}.<br />
four quadrant pho<strong>to</strong>diode {E} * A component found in<br />
some optical pickups used <strong>to</strong> convert reflected LASER<br />
light in<strong>to</strong> data and focusing signals.39. {D= ?; Es=<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>diodo de cuatro cuadrantes; F= pho<strong>to</strong>diode à<br />
quadrants}.<br />
four-minute cylinder {E} * Those audio cylinder records<br />
which have 200 t.p.i. and a playing time <strong>of</strong> around four<br />
minutes at 160-RPM.(14.) {D= ?; Es= cilindro de cuatro<br />
minu<strong>to</strong>s (de duración); F= cylindre quatre minutes}.<br />
four-track recording {E} * Also 'quarter-track'. The<br />
arrangement by which four different channels <strong>of</strong> sound<br />
may be recorded on adjacent tracks. These may be<br />
recorded as four separate and distinct tracks<br />
(monophonic) or two related (stereo) pairs <strong>of</strong> tracks. On<br />
open reel machines, tracks 1 and 3 are recorded in <strong>the</strong><br />
'forward' direction and tracks 2 and 4 are recorded in <strong>the</strong><br />
reverse direction. On cassette machines, tracks 1 & 2 and<br />
3 & 4 are paired for full mono/stereo compatibility in each<br />
direction. More susceptible <strong>to</strong> drop outs than two-track<br />
arrangements, four-track recording demands smooth, high<br />
quality tape from reputable manufacturers.16. {D=<br />
Viertelspur; Es= registro [grabación] en cuatro pistas; F=<br />
enregistrement quatre pistes}.<br />
Fourier <strong>the</strong>orem {D;E;Es;F} * A ma<strong>the</strong>mati-cal <strong>the</strong>orem<br />
stating that any periodic function may be resolved in<strong>to</strong> sine<br />
and cosine terms with known amplitudes and phases.39.<br />
foxed {E} * see foxing.<br />
foxing {E;Es} * Small, usually brownish spots appearing on<br />
paper; variously attributed <strong>to</strong> action <strong>of</strong> fungi on trace metal<br />
(iron) in paper under humid conditions. Many questions,<br />
however, about <strong>the</strong> actual source and development <strong>of</strong><br />
foxing stains still remain <strong>to</strong> be answered.(07.44.) {D=<br />
S<strong>to</strong>ckflecken; Es= moteado; F= taches de rouille;<br />
rousseur}.<br />
FPM {E} * acronym for feet per minute.<br />
FPS {E} * acronym for frames per second.<br />
frágil {Es} * see brittle {E}.<br />
fragile {F} * see brittle {E}.<br />
fragilit {F} * see broad light; brittleness {E}.<br />
fragilité {F} * see brittleness {E}.<br />
fragmentation {F} * see frilling {E}.<br />
fragmenté {F} * see segmented scan {E}.<br />
frame {E} * 1) In relation <strong>to</strong> film, <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> a film exposed<br />
<strong>to</strong> light in a camera during an exposure, consisting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
image area, frame margin, and frame line. 2) The basic<br />
unit <strong>of</strong> data representa-tion in <strong>the</strong> CD format, containing<br />
synchronization, sub-code, data, and parity. 3) To<br />
compose a shot.(09.) 4) An individual picture on a film,<br />
filmstrip, or videotape. 5) A single television tube picture<br />
107<br />
scan combining interlaced information. 6) In videotext, a<br />
page <strong>of</strong> data displayed on a terminal. 7) In CD-DA, one<br />
complete pattern <strong>of</strong> digital audio information, comprising 6<br />
PCM stereo samples, with CIRC and one subcode symbol,<br />
eight-<strong>to</strong>-fourteen modulated, with a synchronization<br />
pattern. 8) The mask around a television receiver or<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r picture tube.(10.) 9) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 30 single video<br />
pictures that constitute 1 second <strong>of</strong> video motion. In NTSC<br />
television, <strong>the</strong> combination <strong>of</strong> an odd and even field <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
video signal. In each frame <strong>of</strong> video, <strong>the</strong>re are 525 lines.<br />
There are 30 frames in a second.(35.) {D= Bildfenster;<br />
Bild; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>gramma; imágen; cuadro; F= trame; vue (<strong>to</strong><br />
: cadrer); cadre; image}.<br />
frame counter {E} * A digital indica<strong>to</strong>r which shows <strong>the</strong><br />
exact number <strong>of</strong> frames exposed. {D= ?; Es= contador de<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gramas; F= compteur de trames; compteur images}.<br />
frame frequency rate {E} * Number <strong>of</strong> frames per second<br />
<strong>of</strong> a motion-picture film or a television signal. {D= ?; Es=<br />
relación [número proporcional] de frecuencia de<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gramas; F= fréquence d'image}.<br />
frames per second (FPS) {E} * An indica<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number<br />
<strong>of</strong> film images exposed per second.09. {D= Bilder je<br />
Sekunde; Es= imágenes por segundo; fo<strong>to</strong>gramas por<br />
segundo; F= images par seconde}.<br />
framing {E} * 1) The adjustment <strong>of</strong> a camera <strong>to</strong> improve<br />
picture composition. 2) To align a film in a projec<strong>to</strong>r gate<br />
so that <strong>the</strong> frame line does not show on <strong>the</strong> screen.10. {D=<br />
Fenster; Bildfeld; Bildstricheinstellung;<br />
Bildbühneneinstellung; Es= encuadre; F= cadrage;<br />
verrouillage de trame; encadrement}.<br />
franges {F} * see bleed {E}.<br />
franges des zones blanches de l'image vidéo {F} * see<br />
bleeding white {E}.<br />
franja del blanco {Es} * see bleeding white {E}.<br />
franjas de zumbido {Es} * see hum bars {E}.<br />
frecuencia de desconexión {Es} * see cut-<strong>of</strong>f-frequency<br />
{E}.<br />
frecuencia de errores {Es} * see bit error rate (BER) {E}.<br />
frecuencia de muestreo {Es} * see sampling rate {E}.<br />
frecuencia modulada {Es} * see frequency modulation<br />
(FM) {E}.<br />
frecuencia modulada modificada {Es} * see modified<br />
frequency modulation or delay modulation (MFM) {E}.<br />
frecuencia múltiple {Es} * see multiburst {E}.<br />
freeze drying {E} * The treatment <strong>of</strong> water soaked paper<br />
based documents by quick-freezing and subsequent drying<br />
under high vacuum at gradually rising temperatures; see<br />
also vacuum drying.22. {D= Gefriertrocknung; Es=<br />
li<strong>of</strong>ilización; F= séchage a froid; séchage a lyophilisation}.<br />
freeze frame {E} * The holding <strong>of</strong> a video image on a single<br />
frame.(35.) {D= ?; Es= imagen congelada; F= arrêt sur<br />
image}.<br />
Fremdspannungsabstand {D} * see weighted noise {E}.<br />
Freon TF {D;E;Es;F} * A rapidly evaporating fluid used<br />
as a cleaner and de-greaser. Any <strong>of</strong> several nonflammable<br />
gaseous and liquid fluorocarbons used as refrigerants, as<br />
propellants for aerosols, and -due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rapidity <strong>of</strong> its<br />
evaporation and its de-greasing properties- as a cleaner.<br />
fréquence {F} * see frequency {E}.
fréquence d'échantillonnage {F} * see sampling rate {E}.<br />
fréquence d'horloge {F} * see clock rate {E}.<br />
fréquence d'image {F} * see frame frequency rate {E}.<br />
fréquence de coupure {F} * see cut-<strong>of</strong>f-frequency {E}.<br />
fréquence de repliement {F} * see alias {E}.<br />
fréquence radio {F} * see radio frequency (RF) {E}.<br />
fréquence radio-électrique {F} * see radio frequency (RF)<br />
{E}.<br />
fréquences audibles {F} * see audible <strong>to</strong>nes {E}.<br />
fréquences audio {F} * see audio frequencies {E}.<br />
frequency {E} * The repetition rate <strong>of</strong> cyclic energy such as<br />
sound or alternating electrical current, expressed in hertz<br />
(1 Hz = 1 cycle-per-second). 'Bass' frequencies in music<br />
extend from 32 Hz <strong>to</strong> about 200 Hz. 'Treble' sounds are at<br />
<strong>the</strong> high frequency extreme <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound spectrum and<br />
may extend from 2 or 3 kHz <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> frequency limit <strong>of</strong><br />
audibility (about 16 kHz). 'Middle' frequencies occupy <strong>the</strong><br />
remainder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum, or from 200 Hz <strong>to</strong> about 3 kHz;<br />
also known as <strong>to</strong>ne.16. {D= Frequenz; Es= frecuencia; F=<br />
fréquence}.<br />
frequency modulation (FM) {E} * Modulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
frequency <strong>of</strong> a carrier by <strong>the</strong> signal. Used, for example, in<br />
FM radio broadcasting or video tape recording. {D=<br />
Frequenzmodulation; Es= frecuencia modulada; F=<br />
modulation de fréquence}.<br />
frequency range {E} * 1) A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> difference<br />
between <strong>the</strong> lower and upper limits <strong>of</strong> a frequency group<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r than a frequency band, such as audible frequency<br />
range, usually given in hertz.01. {D= Frequenzumfang;<br />
Es= gama de frecuencia; F= ?}.<br />
frequency response {E} * A term closely related <strong>to</strong> but<br />
more specific than frequency range; calls for output vs.<br />
frequency data over specified frequency range, usually in<br />
<strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a chart for transducers like microphones and<br />
speakers. Most commonly expressed for tape recorders as<br />
given in <strong>the</strong> example for flat response.16. {D=<br />
Frequenzumfang; Es= respuesta en frecuencia; F=<br />
réponse fréquentielle; réponse de fréquence}.<br />
Frequenz {D} * see frequency {E}.<br />
Frequenzmodulation {D} * see frequency modulation (FM)<br />
{E}.<br />
Frequenzumfang {D} * see frequency range; frequency<br />
response {E}.<br />
Frequenzumfang {D} * see <strong>to</strong>nal range {E}.<br />
Frequenzweiche {D} * see crossover {E}.<br />
fresnel {E;Es;F} * A special lamp lens with concentric circle<br />
forms impressed in its front surface <strong>to</strong> focus spotlight<br />
beams for studio lighting; also called a frezzi. {D= ?}.<br />
frezzi (argot para decir “fresnel”) {Es} * see frezzi {E}.<br />
frezzi {E} * see fresnel {E;Es;F}.<br />
front {F} * see edge {E}.<br />
front de synchronisation {F} * see leading edge <strong>of</strong> sync {E}.<br />
front porch {E} * The period <strong>of</strong> time during horizontal<br />
blanking that starts at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> active video and goes <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> leading edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizontal sync pulse. {D= ?; Es=<br />
108<br />
?; F= ?}.<br />
Froschperspektive {D} * see tilt shot {E}.<br />
frottement d'aiguille {F} * see needle dig (ND) {E}.<br />
frottement de l'aiguille {F} * see stylus drag {E}.<br />
frottement disque {F} * see stylus drag {E}.<br />
frottement pointe {F} * see stylus drag {E}.<br />
FT {E} * acronym for full track.<br />
fuente {Es} * see font {E}.<br />
fuente de alimentación {Es} * see power supply {E}.<br />
fuente de referencia {Es} * see prescribed source {E}.<br />
fuente luminosa {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.<br />
fuente principal {Es} * see principal source {E}.<br />
fuente principal de información {Es} * see chief source <strong>of</strong><br />
information {E}.<br />
fuera de contac<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> contact {E}.<br />
fuera de fase {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> phase {E}.<br />
fuera de sincronismo {Es} * see out <strong>of</strong> sync {E}.<br />
fuerza de apoyo de la aguja )sobre la superficie de un<br />
disco fonográfico) {Es} * see stylus force {E}.<br />
fuerza de línea {Es} * see <strong>of</strong>f-Line {E}.<br />
fuerza del campo magnético {Es} * see magnetizing field<br />
strength {E}.<br />
fuerzas de Van der Waals {Es} * see Van der Waals'<br />
forces {E}.<br />
fugitif à la lumière {F} * see light fugitive {E}.<br />
fugitif à la lumière {F} * see light fugitive {E}.<br />
full track {E} * Designation <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape recording<br />
which uses <strong>the</strong> full width <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape, implying monophonic<br />
recording. The resulting recording generally retains more<br />
magnetism, produces a higher output and better signal-<strong>to</strong>noise<br />
ratio, and is, thus, considered <strong>to</strong> be a much better<br />
recording.(04.) {D= Vollspur; Es= una sola pista; F= pleine<br />
pisté}.<br />
full-immersion continuous printer {E} * A continuous printer<br />
which <strong>to</strong>tally immerses film in doing its work; see also<br />
continuous printer. {D= ?; Es= impresora continua de<br />
inmersion <strong>to</strong>tal; F= développement continu à immersion}.<br />
Füllfak<strong>to</strong>r {D} * see oxide loading {E}.<br />
Füllmaterial {D} * see filler {E}.<br />
Füllschrift {D} * see variable groove pitch {E}.<br />
fumigación {Es} * see fumigation {E}.<br />
fumigation {E;F} * The process <strong>of</strong> exposing materials,<br />
usually in a vacuum or o<strong>the</strong>r airtight or closed chamber, <strong>to</strong><br />
poisonous gas or vapour in order <strong>to</strong> destroy insects,<br />
mildew, or o<strong>the</strong>r forms <strong>of</strong> life that may endanger <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
While more or less effective, this process does not confer<br />
lasting protection and it may, <strong>the</strong>refore, be necessary <strong>to</strong><br />
fumigate <strong>the</strong> areas in which <strong>the</strong> materials are s<strong>to</strong>red; see<br />
also fungi.(11.45.) {D= Begasung; Desinfektion; Es=<br />
fumigación; F= désinfection}.
funda (discos fonográficos) {Es} * see sleeve {E}.<br />
funda {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket; slipcase {E}.<br />
funda de la película {Es} * see film jacket {E}.<br />
funda de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket {E}.<br />
fundido {Es} * see dissolve; dissolve; fade {E}.<br />
fundido de la imagen latente {Es} * see latent image fade<br />
{E}.<br />
fundido encadenado {Es} * see dissolve {E}.<br />
fungi {E} * fundido encadenado {Es} * s-tes, ascomycetes,<br />
basidiomycetes, and fungi imperfecti, and usually, in<br />
addition, <strong>the</strong> myxomycetes and schizomycetes. A large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spores <strong>of</strong> fungi is always present in <strong>the</strong><br />
atmosphere, and while audiovisual materials are not a<br />
particularly suitable medium <strong>to</strong> support <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong><br />
moulds and fungi, under favourable conditions, such as<br />
relatively high temperature and high relative humidity, such<br />
media will support <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se micro-organisms.<br />
Conditions <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage which permit <strong>the</strong> prevalence <strong>of</strong> fungi<br />
may require <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a fungicide <strong>to</strong> inhibit and/or destroy<br />
<strong>the</strong>m; see also foxing; mildew.(45.) {D= Schimmel; Es=<br />
hongos; F= champignons}.<br />
fungicida {Es} * see antifungus agent; fungicide {E}.<br />
fungicide {E} * A substance that can kill or prevent <strong>the</strong><br />
growth <strong>of</strong> fungi.(45.) {D= ?; Es= fungicida; F= fongicide}.<br />
fungistat {E} * A preparation or agent which inhibits <strong>the</strong><br />
growth <strong>of</strong> a fungus.(41.) {D= ?; Es= inhibidor de hongos;<br />
F= stabilisant (d'attaque fongique)}.<br />
Fungizid {D} * see antifungus agent {E}.<br />
Funk {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.<br />
Funkübertragung {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.<br />
Fusznummer {D} * see edge numbers {E}.<br />
FWHM {E} * acronym for full-width-half-maximum.<br />
g ---<br />
gabarit d'ouverture {F} * see aperture card {E}.<br />
gabarit de collage {F} * see splicing block {E}.<br />
gain {E;F} * The increase in signal provided by an amplifier<br />
between input level and output level.50. {D= ?; Es=<br />
ganancia; F= amplification}.<br />
gain différentiel {F} * see differential gain {E}.<br />
gain inequality {E} * The amplitude-frequency response <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> luminance channel has <strong>the</strong> same significance in a<br />
colour transmission as in monochrome with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
definition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. {D= ?; Es= desigualdad de<br />
ganancia; F= caractéristique de la luminance}.<br />
galet d'entraînement {F} * see idler {E}.<br />
galet presseur {F} * see idler; pinch roller; pressure roller<br />
{E}.<br />
Galvanisierung {D} * see electr<strong>of</strong>orming {E}.<br />
galvano {Es} * see master (3) {E}.<br />
gama de contrastes {Es} * see contrast ratio {E}.<br />
109<br />
gama de frecuencia {Es} * see frequency range {E}.<br />
gama dinámico {Es} * see dynamic range {E}.<br />
gamma {E;Es} * 1) The measure <strong>of</strong> contrast <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
image, representing <strong>the</strong> slope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> straight-line<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic curve.09. 2) In video, <strong>the</strong><br />
exponent <strong>of</strong> that power law which is used <strong>to</strong> approximate<br />
<strong>the</strong> curve <strong>of</strong> output magnitude vs. input magnitude over <strong>the</strong><br />
region <strong>of</strong> interest. {D= Spannungsverstärkung; F= facteur<br />
de contraste; gamme}.<br />
gamma cellulose {E} * see hemicelluloses.<br />
gamma correction {E} * The introduction <strong>of</strong> a nonlinear<br />
output-input characteristic for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> changing <strong>the</strong><br />
effective value <strong>of</strong> gamma. {D= ?; Es= corrección gamma;<br />
F= correction de gamma}.<br />
gamma ferric oxide {E} * A magnetizable substance that is<br />
frequently used as <strong>the</strong> magnetizable medium <strong>of</strong> recording<br />
tapes; see also ferric oxide.10. {D= ?; Es= óxido férrico<br />
gamma; F= oxyde ferrique gamma}.<br />
gamme de gris {F} * see grating signal; grey scale; see<br />
<strong>to</strong>nal range {E}.<br />
gamme dynamique {F} * see dynamic range {E}.<br />
gamme dynamique {F} * see dynamic range {E}.<br />
ganancia {Es} * see gain {E}.<br />
ganancia diferencial {Es} * see differential gain {E}.<br />
gancho {Es} * see claw {E}.<br />
Gang {D} * see aisle {E}.<br />
ganz nah {D} * see close-up {E}.<br />
gap {E} * The separation between <strong>the</strong> poles <strong>of</strong> a magnetic<br />
head, measured in micro-inches or microns; most critical<br />
with heads used for playback purposes where gaps must<br />
be short in order <strong>to</strong> resolve high frequency (short wave<br />
length) recordings. Recording heads generally have longer<br />
gaps. Dual purpose (record and play) heads have gaps<br />
governed by <strong>the</strong> same principle as for playback.(50.16.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= separación; hueco; entrehierro; F= entrefer;<br />
écartement; trou}.<br />
gap smear {E} * The erosion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> a tape recorder<br />
head gap caused by abrasive tape. The eroded material<br />
gets in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> gap, causing a magnetic short.(04. {D=<br />
Spaltablagerungen; Es= erosión entrehierro; F= entrefer<br />
usé; émoussé; tache de trou}.<br />
garde bande {F} * see guard band {E}.<br />
garra {Es} * see claw {E}.<br />
gas inerte {Es} * see inert gas {E}.<br />
gate {E} * A hinged support for a camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
pressure plate; also, loosely, <strong>the</strong> camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
aperture.(09.) {D= ?; Es= puerta; F= couloir; fenêtre de<br />
projection}.<br />
gauchissement {F} * see warp {E}.<br />
gauge {E} * The width <strong>of</strong> motion-picture film in<br />
millimetres.12. {D= Format; Mass; Es= calibre; forma<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
diamètre; format; largeur}.<br />
gauss {D;E;Es;F} * A measure <strong>of</strong> flux density, named after<br />
<strong>the</strong> German ma<strong>the</strong>matician and physicist Karl Friedrich<br />
Gauss, numerically equivalent <strong>to</strong> flux lines or maxwells per<br />
square centimetre.16.
gaz inerte {F} * see inert gas {E}.<br />
Gefriertrocknung {D} * see freeze drying {E}.<br />
Gegeneinstellung {D} * see reverse angle {E}.<br />
Gegenlicht {D} * see backlighting {E}.<br />
Gegenschuss {D} * see reverse angle {E}.<br />
gekoppter Abtastnadel {D} * see truncated stylus {E}.<br />
gel de sílice {Es} * see silica gel {E}.<br />
gelatin {E} * A natural protein from animal hides and bones<br />
used as a binder in film emulsions.10. {D= Gelatine; Es=<br />
gelatina; F= gélatine}.<br />
gelatin emulsion {E} * A coated, light-sensitive layer in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> medium is a natural protein colloid.35; see also<br />
emulsion. {D= ?; Es= emulsión de gelatina; F= émulsion;<br />
émulsion gélatine}.<br />
gelatin print {E} * Ano<strong>the</strong>r name for collotype. {D= ?; Es=<br />
colotipia; F= gélatine; calotype}.<br />
gelatin process {E} * see collotype.<br />
gelatina {Es} * see gelatin {E}.<br />
Gelatine {D} * see gelatin {E}.<br />
gélatine {F} * see gelatin; gelatin print {E}.<br />
gen-lock {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> electronically synchronizing<br />
various video sources <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> master sync source. {D= ?;<br />
Es= intersincronizador; F= synchronisation;<br />
asservissement d'un générateur}.<br />
geneigte Kamera {D} * see tilt shot {E}.<br />
generación {Es} * see generation {E}.<br />
generador {Es} * see genera<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
generador de códigos de tiempo {Es} * see Time Code<br />
Genera<strong>to</strong>r (TCG) {E}.<br />
generador de imagen fija {Es} * see monoscope {E}.<br />
generador de señales de sincronismo {Es} * see<br />
synchronizing (sync) genera<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
general material designa<strong>to</strong>r (GMD) {E} * A term indicating<br />
<strong>the</strong> broad class <strong>of</strong> material <strong>to</strong> which an item belongs, e.g.,<br />
motion picture, video recording, sound recording; see also<br />
specific material designation.12. {D= ?; Es= designador<br />
general del material; F= catégorie générale de matériel}.<br />
générateur (de signaux de synchronisation) {F} * see<br />
genera<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
générateur de code temporel {F} * see Time Code<br />
Genera<strong>to</strong>r (TCG) {E}.<br />
générateur de signaux de synchronisation {F} * see<br />
synchronizing (sync) genera<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
générateur de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Genera<strong>to</strong>r<br />
(TCG) {E}.<br />
generation {E} * 1) A term used <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong> original<br />
source item <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> copy/ies made from it; generally<br />
preceded by an ordinal number greater by one than <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> copying steps <strong>the</strong> media (i.e., tape, film)<br />
represents. For example, an original recording is a firstgeneration;<br />
<strong>the</strong> first copy from it is a second-gene-ration;<br />
<strong>the</strong> copy from <strong>the</strong> second-generation is a third-generation;<br />
110<br />
etc. One variation on this is that some refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
duplicate made as <strong>the</strong> first-generation dupe or dub, ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than as <strong>the</strong> second-generation. 2) An improved version<br />
that derives from an earlier concept, as with a second-,<br />
third-, and so on, generation piece <strong>of</strong> equipment or<br />
computer program; see also copy status (generation).(10.)<br />
{D= Generation; Es= generación; F= génération}.<br />
generation loss {E} * Data lost when an analogue item is<br />
replicated; <strong>the</strong> degradation <strong>of</strong> signal from a first-generation<br />
analogue recording <strong>to</strong> a second-generation analogue<br />
recording constitutes a one-generation loss.(04.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= pérdida de generación; F= perte par duplication}.<br />
Generation {D} * see generation {E}.<br />
génération (statut de la copie) {F} * see copy status<br />
(generation) {E}.<br />
génération {F} * see generation {E}.<br />
generation (copy status) {E} * see copy status<br />
(generation).<br />
genera<strong>to</strong>r {E} * In video production <strong>the</strong>re are two types <strong>of</strong><br />
equipment that are referred <strong>to</strong> as genera<strong>to</strong>rs, a sync<br />
genera<strong>to</strong>r and a time code genera<strong>to</strong>r. {D= ?; Es=<br />
generador; F= générateur (de signaux de<br />
synchronisation)}.<br />
générique {F} * see cast; credit sequence; credits {E}.<br />
geometric dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * Any aberration that causes <strong>the</strong><br />
reproduced picture <strong>to</strong> be geometrically dissimilar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
perspective plane projection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original scene. {D= ?;<br />
Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión geométrica; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion géométrique}.<br />
geostacionaria {Es} * see orbit (geosynchronous) {E}.<br />
Geräusch {D} * see noise {E}.<br />
Geräusche {D} * see sound effects {E}.<br />
Geräuscheffekte {D} * see sound effects {E}.<br />
Geräuschspannungsabstand {D} * see weighted noise {E}.<br />
geräuschunterdrückungs-System {D} * see noisesuppression<br />
system {E}.<br />
Gesamtklirrfak<strong>to</strong>r {D} * see <strong>to</strong>tal harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (THD)<br />
{E}.<br />
geschlossene Akte {D} * see closed file {E}.<br />
geschlossene Signaldarstellung {D} * see composite<br />
coding {E}.<br />
geschlossener Bestand {D} * see closed record group {E}.<br />
Geschmeiß {D} * see vermin {E}.<br />
Geschwindigkeit {D} * see speed {E}.<br />
Gesellschafter {D} * see sponsor {E}.<br />
Gesindel {D} * see vermin {E}.<br />
Gestell {D} * see rack {E}.<br />
Gewölbe {D} * see vault {E}.<br />
Gewürm {D} * see vermin {E}.<br />
ghost-image {E} * 1) A foggy image produced by a lens<br />
defect. 2) An image on <strong>the</strong> reverse side <strong>of</strong> a page caused<br />
by <strong>to</strong>o much ink or thin paper; also called ghosting. 3) The<br />
intentional double exposure <strong>of</strong> film <strong>to</strong> produce a second,<br />
paler image. 4) A shadowy or weak image in <strong>the</strong> received<br />
television picture, <strong>of</strong>fset <strong>to</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> left or right <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
primary image; generally <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> transmission<br />
conditions that create secondary signals that are received<br />
earlier or later than <strong>the</strong> main or primary signal; also known<br />
as double image.(10.) {D= ziehende Blende; Es= imagen<br />
fantasma; filage; F= écho image; image fantôme; image<br />
secondaire; filage}.<br />
ghosting {E} * see ghost-image.<br />
giga- (g) {D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one billion.<br />
gigahertz {F} * see gigaHertz (gHz) {E}.<br />
gigaHertz (gHz) {E} * One billion Hertz. {D= ?; Es=<br />
gigaherzio; F= gigahertz}.<br />
gigaherzio {Es} * see gigaHertz (gHz) {E}.<br />
giradiscos {Es} * see turntable {E}.<br />
girafe {F} * see boom {E}.<br />
giro {Es} * see slewing {E}.<br />
Glasbild {D} * see lantern slide {E}.<br />
Glasfaser {D} * see fibre optics {E}.<br />
glass master {D;E} * The glass disc used for optical disc<br />
mastering, produced by exposing a pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive coating<br />
on a glass substrate <strong>to</strong> a LASER beam, <strong>the</strong>n developing<br />
<strong>the</strong> exposed coating and covering it with a reflective<br />
coating.(39.10.) {Es= disco de cristal (grabación de CD);<br />
F= matrice de verre; lentille d'optique}.<br />
glass plate negatives {E} * Still-image negatives which use<br />
sheets <strong>of</strong> glass as <strong>the</strong>ir base carrier. {D= ?; Es= negativos<br />
en placas de vidrio; F= négatif sur plaque de verre}.<br />
glass support {E} * A layer which carries ei<strong>the</strong>r a positive<br />
or a negative emulsion coated on a transparent support <strong>of</strong><br />
glass.42. {D= ?; Es= soporte de vidrio; F= plaque de verre<br />
support}.<br />
glassine {E;F} * A dense, glazed, semi-transparent paper<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten used <strong>to</strong> make envelopes and sleeves for s<strong>to</strong>ring<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic negatives. It is usually acidic.44. Glassine<br />
paper is a supercalendered, smooth, dense, transparent or<br />
semi-transparent paper manufactured primarily from<br />
chemical wood pulps, which have been beaten <strong>to</strong> secure<br />
a high degree <strong>of</strong> hydration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck. It is grease<br />
resistant, and has a high resistance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> air<br />
and many essential oil vapours used as food flavoring and,<br />
when waxed, lacquered, or laminated, is practically<br />
impervious <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> moisture vapours.08.<br />
{D= ?; Es= papel cristal; F= glassine?}.<br />
Gleichlaufschwankbungen {D} * see wow and flutter {E}.<br />
Gleitmittel {D} * see lubricant {E}.<br />
glissement {F} * see creep {E}.<br />
glitch {E} * 1) A form <strong>of</strong> interference appearing as a<br />
horizontal bar or picture <strong>of</strong>fset ei<strong>the</strong>r stationary or moving<br />
vertically through <strong>the</strong> video image. 2) A momentary<br />
disturbance or breakup on an electronic signal. {D= ?; Es=<br />
interferencia momentánea (señal electrostática);<br />
interferencia (imagen de vídeo); F= défaut transi<strong>to</strong>ire;<br />
signal d'interférence (horizontal)}.<br />
<strong>Glossary</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Terms</strong> <strong>Related</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Archiving</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Materials<br />
glossy print {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic print with a hard, shiny<br />
surface that is created by drying on a ferrotype plate; see<br />
also ferro-type.01. {D= ?; Es= positivo brillante; F=<br />
épreuve glacée; image brillante; tirage brillant}.<br />
111<br />
glue {E} * A protein based adhesive consisting <strong>of</strong> organic<br />
colloids obtained from animal materials such as bones and<br />
hides in meat packing and tanning industries. Glue, as<br />
such, is much <strong>to</strong>o brittle for use in most archival<br />
operations. Therefore a plasticizer, such as glycerin, or a<br />
less expensive substitute such as sorbi<strong>to</strong>l, <strong>of</strong>ten combined<br />
with glycols and tackifiers, are added <strong>to</strong> improve elasticity<br />
and resilience; see also adhesive.(45.) {D= ?; Es= cola; F=<br />
colle}.<br />
GMD {E} * acronym for general material designa<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
gobo {E} * 1) A metal cu<strong>to</strong>ut pattern <strong>of</strong> suitable size <strong>to</strong> fit in<br />
<strong>the</strong> holder or aperture <strong>of</strong> an ellipsoidal reflec<strong>to</strong>r spotlight.<br />
2) A flag, usually opaque, that can be made with diffusing<br />
material. 3) A cu<strong>to</strong>ut through which a camera may shoot.<br />
4) A sound reflec<strong>to</strong>r. 5) Sound absorbing material.(10.) see<br />
also scrim. {D= ?; Es= 1) pantalla de proyec<strong>to</strong>r; 2)<br />
bandera; 3) visera de cámara; 4) reflec<strong>to</strong>r de sonido; 5)<br />
material antisonoro F= écran opáque;-lumière; cache de<br />
découpe; nègre}.<br />
Gold Molded {D;E/US;Es;F} * The Edison American<br />
trade name for a standard size, moulded, cylinder sound<br />
recording, ei<strong>the</strong>r wax (1902 <strong>to</strong> 1912+) or celluloid (1912 <strong>to</strong><br />
1929); so named because <strong>the</strong> metal used for electroplating<br />
an original recording, and around which <strong>to</strong> build a<br />
copper mould, was gold. In <strong>the</strong> U.S. <strong>the</strong> 1902 cylinders<br />
were called High Speed Wax Molded Records, but were<br />
advertised in 1903 as Gold Molded Records; <strong>the</strong>y were<br />
known as Gold Moulded Records from 1902 in England.<br />
Edison dropped <strong>the</strong> name after February 1908.(14.)<br />
Gold Moulded {E/UK} * see Gold Molded {E/US}.<br />
goma arábiga {Es} * see gum arabic {E}.<br />
goma laca {Es} * see shellac {E}.<br />
gomme arabique {F} * see gum arabic {E}.<br />
gomme-laque {F} * see shellac {E}.<br />
gonflage : 16 mm --> 35 mm) {F} * see blow-up {E}.<br />
gonflement de l'émulsion {F} * see swelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion<br />
{E}.<br />
gouge {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc and<br />
cylinder recordings; used interchangeably with dig and<br />
needle dig.(04.) {D= ?; Es= arañazo pr<strong>of</strong>undo; F= "coup de<br />
gouge"}.<br />
governor {E} * A mechanical device for controlling <strong>the</strong><br />
speed <strong>of</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong> equipment. {D= ?; Es= reflec<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
mécanisme régulateur; régulateur}.<br />
grabación {Es} * see recording horn {E}.<br />
grabación acústica {Es} * see acoustical recording {E}.<br />
grabación analógica {Es} * see analogue recording {E}.<br />
grabación bajo condiciones anormales {Es} * see field<br />
recording {E}.<br />
grabación bajo condiciones infrecuentes {Es} * see field<br />
recording {E}.<br />
grabación casera {Es} * see domestic record {E}.<br />
grabación de campo {Es} * see field recording<br />
grabación de control {Es} * see control track {E}.<br />
grabación de corte vertical {Es} * see vertical cut recording<br />
{E}.
grabación de dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording {E}.<br />
grabación de larga duración {Es} * see long-play; longplaying<br />
record (Lp) {E}.<br />
grabación de larga duración {Es} * see long-playing record<br />
{E}.<br />
grabación de los intérpretes principales {Es} * see created<br />
roll (CR) {E}.<br />
grabación de una señal sobre la original {Es} * see<br />
assemble edit {E}.<br />
grabación del sonido e imagen simultáneamente {Es} *<br />
see single-system sound {E}.<br />
grabación digital {Es} * see digital recording {E}.<br />
grabación directa {Es} * see direct recording {E}.<br />
grabación directa al disco {Es} * see direct <strong>to</strong> disc<br />
recording {E}.<br />
grabación directa en al zona metálica {Es} * see direct<br />
metal mastering (DMM) {D;E}.<br />
grabación eléctrica {Es} * see electrical recording {E}.<br />
grabación en cuatro pistas {Es} * see four-track recording<br />
{E}.grabación] de los intérpretes principales {Es} * see<br />
created roll (CR) {E}.<br />
grabación en dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording {E}.<br />
grabación en mdia pista {Es} * see half-track recorder {E}.<br />
grabación lateral {Es} * see lateral cut; lateral recording<br />
{E}.<br />
grabación magne<strong>to</strong>óptica {Es} * see magne<strong>to</strong>-optical<br />
recording (MOR) {E}.<br />
grabación magne<strong>to</strong>óptica {Es} * see magne<strong>to</strong>-optical<br />
recording (MOR) {E}.<br />
grabación óptica digital {Es} * see digital optical recording<br />
(DOR) {E}.<br />
grabación original {Es} * see original recording {E}.<br />
grabación particular {Es} * see personal record {E}.<br />
grabación pirata {Es} * see bootleg {E;F}.<br />
grabación por dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording<br />
{E}.<br />
grabación por haz de electrones {Es} * see electron beam<br />
recorder (EBR) {E}.<br />
grabación por indentación {Es} * see indentation recording<br />
{E}.<br />
grabación sobre grabación {Es} * see sound-on-sound<br />
{D;E}.<br />
grabación sonora {Es} * see record (2)(3)); sound<br />
recording {E}.<br />
grabación Y/C (NTSC) {Es} * see Y/C recording {E}.<br />
grabado {Es} * see engraving {E}.<br />
grabado por haz de electrones {Es} * see EBR {E}.<br />
grabador {Es} * see channel (1, 2) {E}.<br />
112<br />
grabador a distancia {Es} * see telerecorder (2) {E}. en<br />
cuatro pistas {Es} * see four-track recording {E}.<br />
grabador de sonido {Es} * see sound recorder {E}.<br />
grabador óptico {Es} * see optical recorder {E}.<br />
Grabador de Cinta y Audio (magnetófono) {Es} * see ATR<br />
{E}.<br />
grabadora de televisión {Es} * see telerecorder (1) {E}.<br />
grabadora magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica monocanal {Es} * see<br />
monophonic recorder {E}.<br />
grabadora tipo C {Es} * see type C recorder {E}.<br />
Grabadora de Televisión {Es} * see TCR {E}.<br />
grabar al agua fuerte {Es} * see etch {E}.<br />
grabar un disco {Es} * see cut (2, 3) {E}.<br />
gradateur {F} * see fader {E}.<br />
gradient moyen {F} * see average gradient {E}.<br />
gradiente medio {Es} * see average gradient {E}.<br />
grading {E} * A moving-image production procedure <strong>of</strong><br />
correcting light and/or colour values in various<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic shots and scenes made at different times <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> day, in different places, or under different lighting<br />
conditions so that <strong>the</strong> final version, <strong>the</strong> print, will be uniform;<br />
see also answer print.30. {D= Lichtbestimmung; Es=<br />
comprobacíon; equilibrado; E/U= timing; F= étalonnage}.<br />
grado {Es} * see extent {E}.<br />
grado de desfasamien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see phase change medium<br />
{E}.<br />
grado de la variación de la fase {Es} * see phase change<br />
medium {E}.<br />
grado de luminancia {Es} * see luminance ratio {E}.<br />
grado de reducción {Es} * see reduction ratio {E}.<br />
grados Kelvin {Es} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.<br />
graduer {F} * see calibrate {E}.<br />
gráficas de tramas {Es} * see raster graphics {E}.<br />
gráfico (en dos dimensiones) {Es} * see graphic {E}.<br />
gráfico electrónico {Es} * see graphic {E}.<br />
grain {E;F} * 1) The direction in which most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fibers in<br />
an item are oriented.(47.) 2) The clusters <strong>of</strong> light-sensitive<br />
silver halide in a negative that are changed in<strong>to</strong> black<br />
metallic silver by development. The grain becomes more<br />
apparent in a print when <strong>the</strong> negative is enlarged.<br />
Generally, <strong>the</strong> more sensitive (i.e., faster) films have more<br />
grain than less sensitive (i.e., slower) films.43. {D= Korn;<br />
Es= grano de la película}.<br />
graininess {E} * A defect in processed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or<br />
prints resulting from an uneven distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grains<br />
that make up <strong>the</strong> image. The defect, most apparent in<br />
enlargements, may appear as a pattern <strong>of</strong> small dots or<br />
uneven colour distribution. Graininess is a subjective<br />
property, as perceived by <strong>the</strong> viewer. An objective<br />
assessment <strong>of</strong> graininess is termed granularity.01. The<br />
subjective sensation <strong>of</strong> a random pattern apparent <strong>to</strong> a<br />
viewer seeing small local density variations in an overall<br />
uniform density area.09. {D= ?; Es= granulación; F=<br />
granulation}.
Gramm<strong>of</strong>on {D;E;Es;F} * Emile Berliner's 1887 name for<br />
his machine <strong>to</strong> produce incised disc re-angle lens {E}.<br />
gramophone/phonographe à pavillon interne .{F} * see<br />
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
grand angulaire {F} * see wide-angle lens {E}.<br />
grand cylinders {E} * see concert cylinders.<br />
grano de la película {Es} * see grain {E;F}.<br />
granulación {Es} * see graininess {E}.<br />
granularité {F} * see granularity {E}.<br />
granularity {E} * The objective measurement, with a<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>meter having a small aperture, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local density<br />
variations that give rise <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sensation <strong>of</strong> graininess.09.<br />
{D= ?; Es= granulosidad; F= granularité}.<br />
granulation {F} * see graininess {E}.<br />
granulation noise {E} * An audible dis<strong>to</strong>rtion resulting from<br />
quantization error.39. {D= ?; Es= sonido de granulación;<br />
F= bruit de granulation}.<br />
granulosidad {Es} * see granularity {E}.<br />
graphic {E} * A two-dimensional representation whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
opaque (e.g., art original and reproductions, flash cards,<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, technical drawings) or intended <strong>to</strong> be viewed,<br />
or projected without motion, by means <strong>of</strong> an optical device<br />
(e.g., filmstrips, stereographs, slides).03. 2) In a video<br />
production, a graphic is an electronic image composed as<br />
an artistic representation and is used <strong>to</strong> supplement <strong>the</strong><br />
production. It may also include text. {D= ?; Es= gráfico (en<br />
dos dimensiones); gráfico electrónico; F= graphique}.<br />
graphique {F} * see graphic {E}.<br />
graphiques de trames {F} * see raster graphics {E}.<br />
graphophone {D;E;Es;F} * 1) A reproducing audio cylinder<br />
machine invented by Chichester Bell and Charles S.<br />
Tainter in 1885, and <strong>the</strong> first record machine <strong>to</strong> have a<br />
removable, transportable, and replaceable media for<br />
recording and/or playing (a cardboard cylinder surfaced<br />
with ozokerite, a wax derived from shale). 2) Columbia<br />
Company's first disc player, known as <strong>the</strong> Toy<br />
Graphophone, was introduced in 1901.(14.)<br />
graticule {E} * A lined or etched screen that is in front <strong>of</strong> a<br />
CRT on a waveform, vec<strong>to</strong>rscope, or oscilloscope which is<br />
used <strong>to</strong> measure and define <strong>the</strong> specifications <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
signal. {D= ?; Es= retícula; F= graticule; réseau quadrillé;<br />
réticule}.<br />
graticule {F} * see graticule {E}.<br />
grating signal {E} * A video test signal with 17 vertical bars<br />
and 14 horizontal bars which is used <strong>to</strong> test or adjust <strong>the</strong><br />
vertical and horizontal linearity <strong>of</strong> a system under test. {D=<br />
?; Es= señal de cuadrícula; F= signal de réglage; charte<br />
de gris; gamme de gris}.<br />
gravure {F} * see etch {E}.<br />
gravure en pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur {F} * see vertical cut {E}.<br />
gravure latérale {F} * see lateral cut {E}.<br />
gravure verticale {F} * see vertical cut {E}.<br />
gray scale {E} * An achromatic slide, test pattern, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
standard test card having ten (10) steps <strong>of</strong> grey ranging<br />
from white <strong>to</strong> black.10. {D= ?; Es= escala gris; F= échelle<br />
de gris; charte de gris; gamme de gris}.<br />
113<br />
gray scale {E} * Variations <strong>of</strong> value from white, through<br />
shades <strong>of</strong> gray, <strong>to</strong> black on a television screen. The<br />
gradations approximate <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>nal values <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original<br />
image picked up by <strong>the</strong> television camera. {D= ?; Es=<br />
escala gris; F= charte des gris}.<br />
green disc {E} * A lacquer disc which has not yet gone<br />
through <strong>the</strong> curing process; also known as unripe discs.<br />
{D= ?; Es= disco verde; F= disque vierge (laque)}.<br />
green film {E} * A newly developed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic print or<br />
film that may be scratched easily.10. {D= frisch Kopie; Es=<br />
copia fresca; F= copie neuve; copie positive (non<br />
stabilisée); copie fraîche}.<br />
green tape {E} * In magnetic tape recording, an abrasive<br />
tape used <strong>to</strong> clean and lap heads taht are unevenly worn,<br />
stained, scratched, etc. It should be used with caution and<br />
should not be used on ferrite heads.46. {D= ?; Es= ?; F=<br />
?}.<br />
Green Book {E} * The compact disc-interactive (CD-I)<br />
standards document, so named because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> cover <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book.39. {D= ?; Es= Libro Verde; F= Livre<br />
vert}.<br />
Greifer {D} * see claw {E}.<br />
grey card {E} * see neutral test card.<br />
greying {E} * Commonly used defect term for grooved,<br />
analogue recordings which indicates widespread needle<br />
wear resulting in a discolouration or 'greying' <strong>of</strong> a part or all<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> playing area surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc, usually meaning<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r that <strong>the</strong> disc has been extensively played, or that it<br />
has been played with <strong>to</strong>o heavy a stylus tracking weight;<br />
sometimes called steeling.(04.) {D= ?; Es= aspec<strong>to</strong><br />
grisáceo; F= ? (zone usée d'un disque noir)}.<br />
grid {E;F} * 1) A control element in a vacuum tube. 2) A<br />
television test pattern. 3) A crosshatch pattern used for<br />
designing lay-outs.(10.) {D= ?; Es= rejilla; malla}.<br />
grieta {Es} * see crack/cracking {E}.<br />
griffe {F} * see claw; pin {E}.<br />
grille (visionner) {F} * see screen {E}.<br />
grille de diffraction {F} * see diffraction grating {E}.<br />
grille demi-<strong>to</strong>ns {F} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne screen {E}.<br />
gris équivalent {F} * see colour balance {E}.<br />
grondement {F} * see boomy {E}.<br />
groove {E} * In audiovisual media, <strong>the</strong> channel cut,<br />
embossed, or pressed in<strong>to</strong> a recording medium (i.e.,<br />
cylinder, disc, film) which carries <strong>the</strong> encoded signal. Such<br />
a groove may be blank (unmodulated) or recorded<br />
(modulated), or a combination <strong>of</strong> both. A cut recording<br />
contains only one groove cut, or embossed, spirally from<br />
<strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item, but it is more common<br />
<strong>to</strong> refer <strong>to</strong> this groove in <strong>the</strong> plural, grooves; see also<br />
concentric groove; eccentric groove; lateral cut; vertical<br />
cut.(04.) {D= Rille; Es= surco; F= gravure; sillon; sillon<br />
sonore}.<br />
groove jumping {E} * The undesired movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stylus from one groove track <strong>to</strong> an adjacent one. Causes<br />
can be poor manufacture <strong>of</strong> recording, uneven playback<br />
equipment, improper tracking pressure applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pickup, etc.(04.) {D= ?; Es= sal<strong>to</strong> de surco; F=<br />
déraillement; saut de sil}.<br />
gros plan {F} * see close-up {E}.
grosor {Es} * see thickness {E}.<br />
grosor <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>tal thickness {E}.<br />
grosz {D} * see close-up {E}.<br />
Groszaufnahme {D} * see close-up {E}.<br />
ground {E} * 1) An electrical connection <strong>to</strong> earth. 2) A point<br />
in an electrical system that has zero voltage and which is<br />
connected <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth or a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circuit serving as<br />
<strong>the</strong> earth.(50.16.) {D= Erdung; Mosse; Es= conexión a<br />
tierra; F= terre; prise de terre}.<br />
ground loop {E} * The path in a ground circuit between two<br />
or more points intended <strong>to</strong> be at <strong>the</strong> same voltage (zero)<br />
but which are not because <strong>of</strong> ground resistance. It can<br />
result in hum and o<strong>the</strong>r undesirable disturbances in circuits<br />
where signal strength is low.16. {D= ?; Es= camino<br />
cerrado de tierra; F= boucle de masse}.<br />
Group III & Group IV {D;E} * Compression and data<br />
transmission standards developed by <strong>the</strong> CCITT used in<br />
facsimile (FAX) machines. Group III normally includes FAX<br />
machines operated over normal telephone lines and is not<br />
generally acceptable for grey-scale or colour images. {Es=<br />
Grupo III y Grupo IV; F= Groupe III & Groupe IV}.<br />
Group IV {E} * see Group III.<br />
groupe High Sierra (1985) {F} * see High Sierra Group<br />
(HSG) {E}.<br />
Groupe III & Groupe IV {F} * see Group III & Group IV<br />
{D;E}.<br />
grue {F} * see boom {E}.<br />
grueso {Es} * see thickness {E}.<br />
Grundlickt {D} * see key light {E}.<br />
Grupo III y Grupo IV {Es} * see Group III & Group IV {D;E}.<br />
guard band {E} * A space <strong>of</strong> unrecorded tape on a<br />
magnetic tape left between <strong>the</strong> recorded tracks <strong>to</strong> prevent<br />
crosstalk or leakage <strong>of</strong> signal between one track and<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r; its width is only slightly less than that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded track on audio tape.(04.) {D= Trennspur; Es=<br />
banda de protección; F= sillon fermé; sillon final; garde<br />
bande}.<br />
guía {Es} * see guide {E}.<br />
guía de entrada de la Academia (de artes escénicas de los<br />
EEUU) {Es} * see Academy leader {E}.<br />
guía de sincronización {Es} * see sync leader {E}.<br />
guías de la cinta {Es} * see tape guides {E}.<br />
guide (bande vidéo quadruplex) {F} * see canoe {E}.<br />
guide {E;F} * 1) An overlay used in animation that indicates<br />
<strong>the</strong> positioning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> art-work, camera movement, or both.<br />
2) A manual or handbook that is used <strong>to</strong> explain<br />
audiovisual educational materials. 3) A mechanism that<br />
serves <strong>to</strong> hold a tape, film, or similar media in a desired<br />
position. 4) Any transport element whose function is <strong>to</strong><br />
control <strong>the</strong> tape's or film's location in <strong>the</strong> path, ei<strong>the</strong>r transversely<br />
or perpendicularly. 5) A publication that lists radio<br />
or television programmes.(10.) {D= ?; Es= guía}.<br />
guide bande {F} * see tape guides {E}.<br />
guide de bande {E} * see tape guides {E}.<br />
guide rod {E} * see back rod.<br />
114<br />
guión gráfico {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>ry board {E}.<br />
guión impreso en ficha {Es} * see cue card {E}.<br />
guión visualizado {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>ry board {E}.<br />
guionista {Es} * see screenwriter {E}.<br />
gum arabic {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a water soluble gum used<br />
in <strong>the</strong> bichromated colloid processes <strong>to</strong> form a relief<br />
image.42. {D= ?; Es= goma arábiga; F= gomme arabique}.<br />
Gutachter {D} * see evalua<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
h ---<br />
H and D curve {E} * see characteristic curve.<br />
H-shift {E} * A video aberration caused when a change is<br />
made between video sources that are not synchronous<br />
with each o<strong>the</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= desplazamien<strong>to</strong> H; F=<br />
coquille}.<br />
H&D curve {E} * The diagram showing <strong>the</strong> relationship<br />
between pho<strong>to</strong>graphic exposure and density, named after<br />
Hurter & Driffkield, pioneers in <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> sensi<strong>to</strong>metry;<br />
see also characteristic curve.(09.) {D= ?; Es= curva H y D;<br />
F= courbe H et D; courbe sensi<strong>to</strong>métrique}.<br />
Haarhygrometer {D} * see hair hygrometer {E}.<br />
habilidad para reproducir colores escénicos con cámara<br />
de vídeo {Es} * see colour balance (3) {E}.<br />
hacer una representación o imitación {Es} * see imager<br />
{E}.<br />
hacer una unión puente con <strong>to</strong>mas de tiempos, lugares,<br />
etc {Es} * see bridging shot {E}.<br />
hair hygrometer {E} * A hygrometer which uses natural<br />
animal hair as <strong>the</strong> hygroscopic item which will leng<strong>the</strong>n as<br />
<strong>the</strong> R/H increases and shortens as <strong>the</strong> R/H decreases,<br />
with <strong>the</strong> resulting change being transmitted with various<br />
mechanical devices <strong>to</strong> a pointer on a dial or <strong>to</strong> a recorder<br />
pen on a recording instrument; most accurate between 30<br />
and 80% R/H. In general, hair hygrometers are not as<br />
accurate as a psychrometer and may take up <strong>to</strong> ½-hour <strong>to</strong><br />
fully respond <strong>to</strong> a change in R/H. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, a hair<br />
hygrometer should be calibrated every month, or each time<br />
it is moved, whichever comes first, against a reliable<br />
psychrometer.(32.) {D= Haarhygrometer; Es= higrómetro<br />
de cabello; F= hygromètre à cheveu}.<br />
halation {E} * 1) An undesirable reflection <strong>of</strong> light from <strong>the</strong><br />
film base <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion, causing a ghost-image or fog.<br />
The defect is usually avoided through <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> an<br />
antihalation undercoat in dye-back film.01. 2) Unwanted<br />
exposure surrounding a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image caused by<br />
light scattered within <strong>the</strong> emulsion or reflected from <strong>the</strong><br />
base.09. 3) A glow or diffusion that surrounds a bright spot<br />
on a television picture tube screen. {D= ?; Es= aureola;<br />
fenómeno de halo; F= halo}.<br />
Halbbild {D} * see field {E}.<br />
Halbnah {D} * see medium shot; two shot {E}.<br />
Halbspur {D} * see double track; half-track; two track {E}.<br />
Halbspuraufnahme {D} * see two track recording {E}.<br />
Halbspurgerät {D} * see dual track recorder; half-track<br />
recorder {E}.<br />
half-track {E} * 1) In motion-picture film, <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> both<br />
optical and magnetic tracks on a sound film. 2) In audio
magnetic tape recording, a recorded signal which occupies<br />
half <strong>the</strong> width <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape, <strong>the</strong> resulting recording may<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r be <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal mono signal or half <strong>of</strong> a stereo<br />
recording, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half <strong>of</strong> which is <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
tape (both tracks running in synchronization in <strong>the</strong> same<br />
direc-tion); see also two-track.(04.) {D= Halbspur; Es=<br />
media pista; F= double piste; demi-piste; deux pistes}.<br />
half-track recorder {E} * 1) An audio magnetic tape<br />
recorder with two record heads used for making stereo<br />
tape recordings. 2) An audio magnetic tape recorder with<br />
a single head which produces an half-track mono audio<br />
signal. {D= Halbspurgerät; Es= grabación [registro] en<br />
mdia pista; F= enregistreur demi-piste}.<br />
half-track tape {E} * see half-track {E}.<br />
half<strong>to</strong>ne {E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>mechanical process for reproducing<br />
contin-uous-<strong>to</strong>ne pho<strong>to</strong>graphs. Printed with one colour or<br />
ink, <strong>the</strong> half<strong>to</strong>ne process gives <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> blacks,<br />
whites, and greys by converting <strong>the</strong> image in<strong>to</strong> a pattern <strong>of</strong><br />
clearly defined dots <strong>of</strong> varying sizes, and creates <strong>the</strong><br />
illusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne gradation. The largest dots appear darkest<br />
and are in <strong>the</strong> shadow areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image, while <strong>the</strong><br />
smallest dots seem lightest and represent <strong>the</strong> highlight<br />
areas. Intermediate sized dots reproduce <strong>the</strong> various<br />
middle <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> grey.43. {D= ?; Es= medio <strong>to</strong>no; F= demiteinte}.<br />
half<strong>to</strong>ne block {E} * A copper or zinc printing block used for<br />
half<strong>to</strong>nes.10. {D= ?; Es= cliché de medio <strong>to</strong>no; F= demiteinte}.<br />
half<strong>to</strong>ne screen {E} * A grid <strong>of</strong> fine horizontal and vertical<br />
lines used <strong>to</strong> make half<strong>to</strong>nes.10. {D= ?; Es= pantalla<br />
[trama] de medio <strong>to</strong>no; F= grille demi-<strong>to</strong>ns}.<br />
halide {E} * Any compound <strong>of</strong> chlorine, iodine, bromine, or<br />
fluorine and ano<strong>the</strong>r element. The compounds are called<br />
halogens. The silver salts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se halogens are <strong>the</strong> lightsensitive<br />
materials used in silver halide emulsions.40. {D=<br />
?; Es= haluro; F= halogénure}.<br />
halide d'argent ? {F} * see silver halide {E}.<br />
Hall {D} * see reverberation {E}.<br />
halo {F} * see halation {E}.<br />
halogen {E} * Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chemical family <strong>of</strong><br />
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine used in<br />
conjunc-tion with silver in film emulsion; see also<br />
halide.10. {D= ?; Es= halógeno; F= halogène}.<br />
halogène {F} * see halogen {E}.<br />
halógeno {Es} * see halogen {E}.<br />
halogénure {F} * see halide {E}.<br />
Haltbarkeit {D} * see durability; permanence {E;F}.<br />
haluro {Es} * see halide {E}.<br />
haluro de plata {Es} * see silver halide {E}.<br />
Hamming code {E} * A method <strong>of</strong> checking for errors by<br />
comparing transmission and reception bits; named after its<br />
inven<strong>to</strong>r.(10.) {D= ?; Es= código Hamming; F= code de<br />
Hamming}.<br />
hand-coloured {E} * A local application <strong>of</strong> coloured<br />
pigments or dyes <strong>to</strong> enhance a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image.42.<br />
{D= handgemaltkoloriert; Es= coloreado (-a) a mano; F=<br />
coloré main}.<br />
handgemaltkoloriert {D} * see hand-coloured {E}.<br />
115<br />
handling zone {E} * The region <strong>of</strong> an optical disc which<br />
may be physically contacted by a handling<br />
mechanism.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona de manejo; F= zone de<br />
manutention}.<br />
hanger {E} * A frame for holding sheet film for processing.<br />
{D= ?; Es= colgadero; F= crochet; hangar}.<br />
hard {E} * In still-and moving-image work, excess contrast.<br />
{D= ?; Es= duro; F= contrasté; dur}.<br />
hard core material {E} * Pornographic materials (literature,<br />
film, video, etc.) that contain explicit and graphic sexual<br />
acts.10. {D= ?; Es= pornografía dura; F= matériel<br />
pornographique}.<br />
hard sound {E} * The sound produced by a room with<br />
highly reflective walls.10. {D= ?; Es= sonido reverberador;<br />
F= son réverbéré}.<br />
hardcopy {E} * A document or copy, usually on paper, as<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> a micr<strong>of</strong>orm or machine-readable<br />
document.(22.) {D= Ansichtskopie; Papierkopie; Es= copis<br />
impresa; copia de papel; copia en papel; F= copie d'écran;<br />
copie papier; document sur papier}.<br />
hardener {E} * A solution <strong>of</strong> chemicals used in film<br />
processing <strong>to</strong> harden <strong>the</strong> gelatin <strong>of</strong> emulsions and <strong>to</strong> raise<br />
its melting point. The hardener makes <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
material more resistant <strong>to</strong> scratches and prevents <strong>the</strong><br />
emulsion from s<strong>of</strong>tening in <strong>the</strong> warm processing baths.<br />
Commonly used chemicals include aluminium potassium<br />
sulphate, chromium aluminium sulphate, and<br />
formaldehyde solution.01. {D= Härter; Es= endurecedor;<br />
F= durcisseurbain tannant; alunage}.<br />
hardware {E;Es} * The physical, mechanical, and electrical<br />
devices that form an audio and/or video record and/or<br />
playback system. 39. {D= Geräte; Es= elemen<strong>to</strong>s físicos<br />
de un ordenador; F= équipement; matériel; quincaillerie}.<br />
harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * Non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
characterized by <strong>the</strong> appearance, in <strong>the</strong> output, <strong>of</strong><br />
harmonics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fundamental input frequency; usually<br />
expressed in a percentage, numerically equal <strong>to</strong> 100 times<br />
<strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> root-mean-square voltages <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
individual harmonic frequencies, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> root-mean-square<br />
voltage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fundamental; see also non-linear<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(16.10.) {D= harmonische Vergerrung; Es=<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsión armónica; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion non linéaire; dis<strong>to</strong>rsion<br />
harmonique}.<br />
harmonics {E} * Over<strong>to</strong>nes or frequencies <strong>of</strong> sound which<br />
are integral multiples <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fundamental frequency.(16.)<br />
{D= harmonische Teiltöne; Teiltöne; Es= (componentes)<br />
armónicas; F= harmoniques}.<br />
harmoniques {F} * see harmonics {E}.<br />
harmonische Teiltöne {D} * see harmonics {E}.<br />
harmonische Vergerrung {D} * see harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E}.<br />
Härter {D} * see hardener {E}.<br />
haut et bas {F} * see head and tail {E}.<br />
haut-parleur {F} * see loudspeaker; speaker {E}.<br />
haut-parleur de contrôle {F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker {E}.<br />
haut-parleur de graves {F} * see wo<strong>of</strong>er {E}.<br />
haute fidélit * see high fidelity (HF); high frequency (HF)<br />
{E}.<br />
haute fréquence fidélit {F} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.
haute résolution {F} * see high resolution {E}.<br />
hauteur perçue {F} * see pitch {E}.<br />
haz de luz {Es} * see beam {E}.<br />
haz explorador {Es} * see scanning beam {E}.<br />
hazard {E;F} * In optical data, a condition that may<br />
increase <strong>the</strong> chances for a loss.(55.) {D= Risiko; Es=<br />
riesgo}.<br />
haze filters {E} * A screen used in <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
process <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> haze or fog by removing<br />
some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blue and ultraviolet light.(09.) {D= ?; Es= filtros<br />
antineblinas; F= filtres UV; filtres anti-brouillard; filtres à<br />
brume}.<br />
HD3 {E} * acronym for high-density digital data.07.<br />
HDMAC {E;F} * acronym for high definition mac. {D= ?;<br />
Es= acrónimo de MAC de alta definición}.<br />
HDTV {E} * acronym for high-definition television. {D= ?;<br />
Es= acrónimo de Televisión de Alta Definición; F= TVHD}.<br />
head {E} * 1) In a magnetic recorder, <strong>the</strong> electromagnet<br />
across which <strong>the</strong> magnetizable medium surface is drawn<br />
and which, depending on its function, ei<strong>the</strong>r erases a<br />
previous recording, converts an electrical input and<br />
impresses <strong>the</strong> corresponding magnetic pattern on <strong>the</strong><br />
medium (record function), or converts a magnetic pattern<br />
already on <strong>the</strong> medium <strong>to</strong> an electrical signal (playback<br />
function); see also erase head; playback head; record<br />
head.(16.) 2) The <strong>to</strong>p part <strong>of</strong> a tripod that holds a<br />
camera.(35.) {D= Kopf; 1) Bandkopf; Tonkopf; Es= ?; F=<br />
début; tête; bloc}.<br />
head alignment {E} * In magnetic recorders, <strong>the</strong> correct<br />
position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head and gap, with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic<br />
medium; includes all mechanical adjustments necessary<br />
<strong>to</strong> assure proper head <strong>to</strong> tape contact.(50.16.) {D=<br />
Kopfjustage; Es= alineación de la cabeza; F= alignement<br />
des têtes; réglage des têtes}.<br />
head and tail {E} * 1) The beginning and end <strong>of</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong><br />
film or tape. 2) The <strong>to</strong>p and bot<strong>to</strong>m edges <strong>of</strong> a container.<br />
{D= ?; Es= cabeza y cola [principo y fin]; F= début et fin;<br />
haut et bas}.<br />
head banding {E} * A visible defect in a reproduced<br />
segmented type video picture associated with a particular<br />
video head or its position.(06.) {D= Kopfspuren; Es= efec<strong>to</strong><br />
banda; efec<strong>to</strong> de persiana; F= effet de persienne; effet de<br />
bande (TV)}.<br />
head clog {E} * The blocking or congesting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
electronic head on a magnetic recorder. {D=<br />
Kopfverschmutzung; Es= obstrucción del cabezal; F=<br />
encrassement des têtes; colmatage des têtes}.<br />
head demagnetizer {E} * A device used <strong>to</strong> neutralize<br />
residual or induced magnetism in heads or guides made<br />
from ferromagnetic materials. Unless <strong>the</strong> recorder has an<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic head demagnetizing circuit and non-magnetic<br />
guides, periodic use <strong>of</strong> a head demagne-tizer may be<br />
necessary <strong>to</strong> avoid addition <strong>of</strong> noise <strong>to</strong>, or even partial<br />
erasure <strong>of</strong> previously recorded tapes; also known as a<br />
degausser.(16.) {D= Entmagnetisierdrossel; Es=<br />
desmagnetizador de cabezales; F= démagnétiseur de<br />
têtes}.<br />
head shell {E} * The removable portion <strong>of</strong> a record player's<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne arm which houses <strong>the</strong> cartridge and stylus.04. {D=<br />
Tonabnehmer-Halterung; Systemhalterung; Es= cápsula<br />
(<strong>to</strong>cadiscos); F= coquille}.<br />
head stick {E} * In magnetic tape recording, common<br />
116<br />
words for a large increase in head-<strong>to</strong>-tape friction caused<br />
by a) a sticky byproduct exuded by <strong>the</strong> tape under certain<br />
conditions <strong>of</strong> tape age, temperature/humidity, and head-<strong>to</strong>tape<br />
pressure, or b) very smooth tapes coupled with large<br />
area heads; also known as sticktion and stick-slip; see<br />
also stick-slip.46. {D= ?; Es= pegado del cabezal; F=<br />
collage tête-bande}.<br />
head <strong>to</strong> tape contact {E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> surface<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic coating <strong>of</strong> a tape approaches <strong>the</strong> surface<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> record or reproduce heads during normal operation<br />
<strong>of</strong> a recorder.46. {D= Band-Kopf-Kontakt; Es= contac<strong>to</strong><br />
entre cabezal y cinta; F= contact tête-bande}.<br />
header {E} * see heading.<br />
header field {E} * In CD-ROM and CD-I, a 4-byte field <strong>of</strong> a<br />
data sec<strong>to</strong>r that contains <strong>the</strong> absolute sec<strong>to</strong>r ad-dress and<br />
<strong>the</strong> mode byte; contains 4 bytes indicating minutes, sec<strong>to</strong>r,<br />
sec<strong>to</strong>r number, and whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> sec<strong>to</strong>r is mode 1, mode 2,<br />
or mode ff.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= campo del cabezal<br />
(estanco); F= en-tête}.<br />
heading {E} * 1) Inscription, readable without<br />
magnification, placed at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>iche <strong>to</strong> identify<br />
its contents.(40.) 2) A name, word, or phrase placed at <strong>the</strong><br />
head <strong>of</strong> a catalogue entry <strong>to</strong> provide an access point in <strong>the</strong><br />
catalog; see also access point; added entry.(03.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= título; encabezamien<strong>to</strong>; membrete; F= titre; en-tête}.<br />
headphones {E} * Small sound reproducers in a suitable<br />
frame for wearing about <strong>the</strong> human head, most commonly<br />
using (electro-) dynamic, sometimes also electrostatic<br />
(condenser) transducers; generally close-coupled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
ears for private listening.(50.) {D= Kopfhörer; Es=<br />
auriculares; F= casque}.<br />
heads out {E} * Having <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> programme<br />
content (recorded information) at <strong>the</strong> outside, or head, <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> reel <strong>of</strong> tape or strip film ready for immediate playback<br />
or projection without <strong>the</strong> need <strong>to</strong> rewind.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
comienzo preparado; F= à l'endroit}.<br />
headwheel {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> a videotape deck that<br />
houses <strong>the</strong> video record/play heads. It is also referred <strong>to</strong><br />
as drum or scanner. {D= ?; Es= tambor (escáner); F=<br />
tambour; tambour porte-têtes}.<br />
hearing tubes {E} * A device, <strong>the</strong> earliest made with<br />
vulcanite ear-pieces connected by rubber tubes <strong>to</strong> a Ypiece<br />
under <strong>the</strong> chin, <strong>the</strong>n by more tubing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
reproducer, used on <strong>the</strong> earliest sound recorders and<br />
reproducers for hearing or listening <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> record-ing.<br />
Generally, such tubes gave much better reception than a<br />
horn; were used in <strong>the</strong> coin-slot phonograph trade; also<br />
known as listening tubes.(14.) {D= Hörschläuche; Es=<br />
tubos de escucha; F= tubes d'écoute}.<br />
heat splice {E} * see butt splice; splice. {E}.<br />
helical scan {D;E} * A method <strong>of</strong> video magnetic tape<br />
recording that uses one or more rotating heads that<br />
engage a magnetic tape wrapped at least partially around<br />
a cylindrical column. The tape path describes a portion <strong>of</strong><br />
a helix. The recorded video tracks lie at an angle<br />
substantially less than 45 degrees with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape. Usually one complete television field is<br />
recorded as one head passes across <strong>the</strong> width <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape;<br />
<strong>the</strong> method most <strong>of</strong>ten used in home VCRs; also called<br />
slant track.(10.35.) {D= Schrägspuraufzeichnung; Es=<br />
lectura helicoidal; exploracion helicoidal; F= lecture<br />
hélicoïdale; enregistrement hélicoidal}.<br />
heliotype {E} * see collotype.<br />
hembra (clavija) XLR {Es} * see XLR {E}.<br />
hemicellulose {E} * 1) Cellulose having a degree <strong>of</strong>
polymeriza-tion (DP) <strong>of</strong> 150 or less {i.e., smaller molecules<br />
with fewer 'building blocks'}; a collective term for beta and<br />
gamma cellulose; cellulose that is soluble in hot alkali. 2)<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> shorter-chain polysaccharides. Hemicellulose<br />
(along with degraded cellulose) is fur<strong>the</strong>r conveniently<br />
categorized according <strong>to</strong> DP: beta cellulose - DP 15-90<br />
gamma cellulose - DP less than 15. By contrast <strong>to</strong><br />
cellulose, which is a polymer only <strong>of</strong> glucose,<br />
hemicellulose are polymers <strong>of</strong> five different sugars:<br />
glucose, mannose, galac<strong>to</strong>se, xylose, and arabinose. The<br />
contribution <strong>of</strong> hemicellulose <strong>to</strong> development <strong>of</strong> initial<br />
strength in paper --folding and bonding-- is well<br />
recognized. However, hemicellulose-rich pulps have a<br />
strong tendency <strong>to</strong> discolour during <strong>the</strong>rmal ageing. This<br />
tendency can be countered with borohydride<br />
treatment.19.27. {D= ?; Es= hemicelulosa; F=<br />
hémicellulose}.<br />
hémicellulose {F} * see hemicellulose {E}.<br />
hemicelulosa {Es} * see hemicellulose {E}.<br />
HEPA {E} * acronym for high efficiency particulate air filter.<br />
Herausbringen eines Films {D} * see release {E}.<br />
Herkunftsland {D} * see country <strong>of</strong> origin {E}.<br />
hermetically sealed {E} * The airtight sealing <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
in protective containers, usually done in a controlled, dustfree<br />
environment, and <strong>of</strong>ten after special conditioning <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> item and with controlled temperature and relative<br />
humidity.(04.) {D= hermetischer Verschluß; Es= cerrado<br />
[sellado] herméticamente; F= conditionnement hermétique;<br />
bouchage hermétique}.<br />
hermetischer Verschluß {D} * see hermetically sealed {E}.<br />
herring bone {E} * An aberration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal which<br />
results from two frequencies beating <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> produce<br />
an undesirable visual pattern; also referred <strong>to</strong> as "moire."<br />
{D= ?; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en forma de espina de pez (TV); F=<br />
moiré}.<br />
herse {F} * see batten {E}.<br />
Hertz (Hz) {D;E;Es;F} * A measuring unit <strong>of</strong> frequency or<br />
<strong>the</strong> speed <strong>of</strong> vibration <strong>of</strong> a sound wave; synonymous with<br />
cycles per second (CPS). Hz = 1 cycle per second. Named<br />
after physicist Heinrich R. Hertz.(04.50.)<br />
hi-fi {E} * see high fidelity.<br />
hidrólisis {Es} * see hydrolysis {E}.<br />
hidrolizar {Es} * see hydrolyse {E}.<br />
high band videotape {D;E;Es;F} * A videotape recording<br />
made with a 20-mHz bandwidth, standard on 2-inch<br />
videotape recorders.10.<br />
high contrast {E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a relationship <strong>of</strong> image<br />
<strong>to</strong>nes in which <strong>the</strong> light and dark areas are represented by<br />
extreme differences in density.40. {D= ?; Es= al<strong>to</strong><br />
contraste; F= contraste élevé}.<br />
high definition television (HDTV) {D;E;Es;F} * A television<br />
system using higher resolution as compared <strong>to</strong> present,<br />
conventional standards. There are presently three<br />
competing proposals: Japanese (1150 lines, 50 fields),<br />
European (1250 lines, 50 fields), and American (1050<br />
lines, 60 fields).<br />
high fidelity {D;E;Es;F} * A relative, consumer audio market<br />
term, now interpreted as meaning <strong>the</strong> accurate<br />
reproduction <strong>of</strong> sound within <strong>the</strong> full human hearing range,<br />
nominally from 16 <strong>to</strong> 20,000 Hz.(10.) {F= haute fidélité}.<br />
high frequency (HF) {E} * 1) The band <strong>of</strong> frequencies from<br />
117<br />
3 <strong>to</strong> 30 mHz. 2) Sound frequencies above 15,000 Hz.(10.)<br />
{D= Hochfrequenz; Es= alta frecuencia; F= haute<br />
fréquence; courant à haute fréquence}.<br />
high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f {E} * The roll-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> data above a<br />
pre-determined frequency. {D= Höhenabschwächung; Es=<br />
disminución progresiva de respuesta de la alta frecuencia;<br />
F= filtrage hautes fréquences; affaiblissement des hautes<br />
fréquences; "roll-<strong>of</strong>f"}.<br />
high key light {E} * In high-key lighting <strong>the</strong> key light provide<br />
most or all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light in <strong>the</strong> scene, resulting in a low<br />
lighting contrast and an effect <strong>of</strong> general brilliance. In lowkey<br />
lighting <strong>the</strong> key light provides much less <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
illumination, and <strong>the</strong> cross light, back lights, high lights,<br />
and filler lights are more prominent, giving <strong>the</strong> scene more<br />
contrast. Often subjects are allowed <strong>to</strong> fall in<strong>to</strong> darkness;<br />
see also key light.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación principal; F=<br />
éclairage général}.<br />
high resolution {E} * 1) The quality <strong>of</strong> a picture having<br />
closely spaced pixels; <strong>the</strong> closer <strong>the</strong> pixels, <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>the</strong><br />
resolution. 2) The degree <strong>of</strong> detailed visual definition (800<br />
x 600 pixels) that gives readable 80 column text display. 3)<br />
In CD-I, a display resolution <strong>of</strong> 768 horizontal pixels by 560<br />
vertical pixels - twice as many as normal resolution.(10.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= alta resolución; F= haute résolution}.<br />
High Sierra Group (HSG) {E;Es} * An ad hoc standards<br />
committee which established nominal data format and<br />
compatibility for CD--ROM, named after <strong>the</strong> hotel in Lake<br />
Tahoe where <strong>the</strong> group first met in 1965.(39.10.) {D= ?; F=<br />
groupe High Sierra (1985)}.<br />
High Speed Wax Molded Records {E} * see Gold Molded<br />
cylinder.<br />
high-definition television (HDTV) {E} * Television images <strong>of</strong><br />
exceptionally good quality in all respects, including <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio, gray scale, colourimetry, and<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> spurious signals. The meaning has broadened<br />
<strong>to</strong> include all <strong>the</strong> associated equipment in addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
signal itself. {D= ?; Es= televisión de alta definición; F=<br />
télévision à haute définition (TVHD)}.<br />
high-gain screen {E} * A projection screen capable <strong>of</strong><br />
producing an extremely bright image.10. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pantalla de alta ganancia; F= écran à haut gain; à gain<br />
élevé}.<br />
high-pass filter {E} * A screen with a characteristic that<br />
allows all frequencies above a specified roll-<strong>of</strong>f frequency<br />
<strong>to</strong> pass and attenuates all frequencies below. {D=<br />
Hochpaßfilter; Es= filtro pasaal<strong>to</strong>; filtro de paso al<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
filtre passe-haut}.<br />
high-speed camera {E} * A camera capable <strong>of</strong> speeds <strong>of</strong><br />
from 150 <strong>to</strong> tens <strong>of</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> frames per second.10.<br />
{D= ?; Es= cámara de alta velocidad; F= caméra ultra<br />
rapide; camera à grande vitesse}.<br />
high-speed duplication {E} * The dubbing <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape<br />
at more than playback speed. {D= Hochgeschwindigkeits-<br />
Duplizierung; Es= duplicación a alta velocidad; F=<br />
duplication grande vitesse}.<br />
high-speed duplica<strong>to</strong>r {E} * Any equipment capable <strong>of</strong><br />
duplicating magnetic tape at a rate greater than normal<br />
playback.(10.) {D= ?; Es= duplicador de alta velocidad; F=<br />
duplicateur grande vitesse}.<br />
high-speed film {E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film with a high<br />
sensitivity <strong>to</strong> light; with a high ASA number. {D= ?; Es=<br />
película de alta velocidad; F= pellicule sensible}.<br />
high-speed printer {E} * A continuous printer that is<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> printing several hundred feet <strong>of</strong> film per minute.<br />
{D= ?; Es= impresora de alta velocidad; F= dévelopeuse
grande vitesse}.<br />
high-speed scanning {E} * The viewing <strong>of</strong> a moving-image<br />
production, videotape or film, at a speed faster than<br />
normal viewing.(10.) {D= ?; Es= exploración de alta<br />
velocidad; F= balayage grande vitesse}.<br />
highlights {E} * 1) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, an area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
which is bright and which reproduces as a dense area on<br />
a negative and as a light area on a positive.42. 2) Visually<br />
<strong>the</strong> brightest, or pho<strong>to</strong>-metrically <strong>the</strong> most luminant, areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> a subject. In <strong>the</strong> negative image <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> greatest<br />
density; in <strong>the</strong> positive image, <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> least<br />
density.09. 3) A publication made <strong>of</strong> excerpts from a longer<br />
work. {D= ?; Es= zona de luz; zona de fuerte iluminación;<br />
F= plages lumineuses; pleines lumières; extraits<br />
(morceaux choisis)}.<br />
higroexpansividad {Es} * see hygroexpansivity {E}.<br />
higrómetro {Es} * see hygrometer {E}.<br />
higrómetro de cabello {Es} * see hair hygrometer {E}.<br />
higrómetro electrónico {Es} * see electronic hygrometer<br />
{E}.<br />
higroscópico {Es} * see hygroscopic {E}.<br />
hill-and-dale recording {E} * see vertical cut; vertical cut<br />
recording.<br />
hilo magnético {Es} * see magnetic wire {E}.<br />
hinchamien<strong>to</strong> de la emulsión {Es} * see swelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
emulsion {E}.<br />
Hintergrund-Ausleuchtung {Es} * see backlighting {E}.<br />
Hintergrund-Projektion {D} * see back projection {E}.<br />
Hintergrundecho {D} * see print-through {E}.<br />
hipermedio {Es} * see hypermedia {E}.<br />
hiposulfi<strong>to</strong> sódico {Es} * see hyposulphite <strong>of</strong> soda (HYPO)<br />
{E}.<br />
hiss {E} * An undesirable wide spectrum noise heard when<br />
a recorded tape is played back; some compare its sound<br />
<strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> a leaky steam pipe. It is caused by various<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>rs, including taping at <strong>to</strong>o low a speed, or poor quality<br />
tape.(04.35.) {D= Bandrauschen; rauschen; Es= silbido;<br />
F= souffle; bruit de fond; sifflement}.<br />
histéresis {Es} * see hysteresis {E}.<br />
hochfrequente Gleichlaufschwankungen {D} * see flutter<br />
{E}.<br />
Hochfrequenz {D} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.<br />
Hochfrequenzvormagnetisier ung {D} * see bias {E}.<br />
Hochgeschwindigkeits-Duplizierung {D} * see high-speed<br />
duplication {E}.<br />
Hochpaßfilter {D} * see high-pass filter {E}.<br />
hohe digitale Datendichte {D} * see high-density digital<br />
data {E}.<br />
Höhenabschwächung {D} * see high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f {E}.<br />
Höhenanhebung {D} * see treble boost {E}.<br />
Höhenlautsprecher {D} * see tweeter {E}.<br />
118<br />
Höhenschlag {D} * see bump; warp {E}.<br />
hoja {Es} * see sheet {E}.<br />
hoja protec<strong>to</strong>ra {Es} * see slip sheet {E}.<br />
hoja transparente de plástico {Es} * see cel {E}.<br />
holdback tension {E} * Tautness, purposely created in <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic tape or strip film during play, record/expose, or<br />
fast winding, by driving <strong>the</strong> supply reel mo<strong>to</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> reverse<br />
direction <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film/tape travel. Most <strong>of</strong>ten applied <strong>to</strong><br />
prevent film/tape breakage or stretching during fast<br />
winding.(04.) {D= Rückhalte-Bandzug; Es= tensión<br />
retenida; F= tension débitrice}.<br />
hole {E} * see black hole. {D= ?; Es= agujero; F= forme<br />
d'une découpe}.<br />
holografía {Es} * see holography {E}.<br />
hológrafo {Es} * see holograph {E}.<br />
hologram {E} * A three-dimensional picture that is made on<br />
<strong>the</strong> carrier (film or plate) without <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a camera; an<br />
image that consists <strong>of</strong> a pattern <strong>of</strong> interference produced<br />
by a split coherent beam <strong>of</strong> radiation and that for viewing<br />
is illuminated with coherent light from behind. {D= ?; Es=<br />
holograma; F= hologramme}.<br />
holograma {Es} * see hologram {E}.<br />
hologramme {F} * see hologram {E}.<br />
holograph {E} * 1) A document completely in <strong>the</strong><br />
handwriting <strong>of</strong> its author. 2) The actual handwriting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
author. {D= ?; Es= hológrafo; F= holographe}.<br />
holographe {F} * see holograph {E}.<br />
holographie {F} * see holography {E}.<br />
holography {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> making or using a<br />
hologram. {D= ?; Es= holografía; F= holographie}.<br />
Holzfreies Papier {D} * see permanent paper {E}.<br />
hombro {Es} * see shoulder {E}.<br />
home movies {E} * see domestic record.<br />
honeycombing {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> deliberately leaving<br />
space in stack areas for future accessions <strong>to</strong> already<br />
accessioned specific grouped collections or<br />
holdings.(22.23.) {D= Lagerung 'auf Lücke'; Es=<br />
colocación espaciada; F= rangement discontinu}.<br />
hongos {Es} * see fungi {E}.<br />
Hör-Kopf {D} * see playback head {E}.<br />
Hörbereich {D} * see audio frequencies {E}.<br />
Hörfrequenzen {D} * see audio frequencies {E}.<br />
horizontal (hum) bars {E} * Relatively broad horizontal<br />
bars, alternately black and white, which extend over an<br />
entire video picture; <strong>the</strong>y may be stationary or may move<br />
vertically. Sometimes referred <strong>to</strong> as a "venetian-blind"<br />
effect, it is caused by an approximate 60-hertz interfering<br />
frequency or one <strong>of</strong> its harmonic frequencies. {D= ?; Es=<br />
franjas de zumbido horizontales; F= barres horizontales;<br />
effet de persiennes}.<br />
horizontal blanking {E} * The video blanking signal at <strong>the</strong><br />
end <strong>of</strong> each scanning line which allows <strong>the</strong> horizontal<br />
retrace <strong>to</strong> occur unobserved. {D= ?; Es= borrado horizontal
; F= suppression horizontale de lignes}.<br />
horizontal drive pulses {E} * Electronic pulses that cause<br />
<strong>the</strong> electron beam <strong>to</strong> scan horizontally across <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> target in a video camera. {D= ?; Es= pulsaciones<br />
horizontales de la señal de ataque; F= impulsions<br />
horizontales}.<br />
horizontal filing {E} * see flat-filing {E}.<br />
horizontal filing {E} * The s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> documents in a<br />
position parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shelf as distinguished from vertical<br />
filing; also known as flat filing; also know as flat filing.(22.)<br />
{D= liegende Aufbewahrung; Horizontalablage; Es=<br />
intalación horizontal; F= rangement à plat}.<br />
horizontal interval {E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal<br />
designating <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong> time required <strong>to</strong> complete one<br />
horizontal scan and retrace. . {D= ?; Es= intervalo<br />
horizontal; F= délai re<strong>to</strong>ur}.<br />
horizontal retrace {E} * The return <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> electron beam<br />
from <strong>the</strong> right <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> left side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video raster after <strong>the</strong><br />
scanning <strong>of</strong> one line. {D= ?; Es= re<strong>to</strong>rno horizontal; F=<br />
re<strong>to</strong>ur horizontal}.<br />
Horizontalablage {D} * see horizontal filing {E}.<br />
horloge {F} * see clock {E}.<br />
horn {E} * The conical tube which collected <strong>the</strong> sound in<br />
early acoustical recording machines for transmission <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sound box and recording stylus, or, which amplified sound<br />
emission from <strong>the</strong> reproducing (playback) machine.(04.)<br />
{D= Trichter; Es= trompa; bocina; F= pavillon}.<br />
horn cranes {E} * see horn support.<br />
horn gramophone {E} * see horn phonograph.<br />
horn phonograph/gramophone {E} * An acoustic audio<br />
playback machine with a self supporting or suspended<br />
horn fully open <strong>to</strong> view, usually above <strong>the</strong> playing and<br />
reproducing mechanism. {D= ?; Es= trompa de<br />
gramófono; trompa de fonógrafo; F= pavillon de<br />
phonographe / gramophone}.<br />
Hörschläuche {D} * see hearing tubes {E}.<br />
hot-melt adhesives {E} * Resinous adhesives which are<br />
liquid when hot and solid when cool. They are applied at<br />
temperatures between 350 <strong>to</strong> 400°F/175 <strong>to</strong> 205°C and<br />
produce a bond almost immediately on contact with a cool<br />
surface. Hot-melt adhesives are not perma-nent.32. {D= ?;<br />
Es= adhesivos de fusión en caliente; F= colle à chaud}.<br />
housse {F} * see cabinet {E}.<br />
HSG {E} * acronym for High Sierra Group.39.<br />
hub {E} * The cylindrical object at <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> a tape or<br />
film reel, around which <strong>the</strong> tape/film is wound; see also<br />
Nab hub; DIN (AEG) hub. {D= Kern; Bobby; Es= núcleo;<br />
F= noyau; moyeu}.<br />
hue {E} * The dominant colour <strong>of</strong> an object as determined<br />
by <strong>the</strong> wavelength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emitted or reflected light. It is <strong>the</strong><br />
redness, blueness, greenness, etc., <strong>of</strong> an object. {D= ?;<br />
Es= color; matiz; F= teinte; nuance}.<br />
hueco {Es} * see gap {E}.<br />
huellas de pollo literalmente, (defec<strong>to</strong> de la cabeza<br />
magnética) {Es} * see chicken tracks {E}.<br />
Hülle {D} * see cover {E}.<br />
hum {E} * 1) An undesirable low frequency sound present<br />
119<br />
in <strong>the</strong> output <strong>of</strong> an audio device, most commonly having a<br />
frequency equal <strong>to</strong>, or a multiple <strong>of</strong>, <strong>the</strong> power source<br />
frequency and usually induced from <strong>the</strong> power line or stray<br />
magnetic fields.(04.50.16.) 2) An undesired electrical<br />
disturbance in video at a low frequency, AC line, or power<br />
supply frequency or a harmonic <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>. {D= Brumm; Es=<br />
zumbido (sonido de baja frecuencia); F= ronflement}.<br />
hum bars {E} * see horizontal (hum) bars.<br />
hum modulation {E} * Dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> a radio frequency or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r detected signal by hum. {D= ?; Es= modulación de<br />
zumbido; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion par ronronnement}.<br />
Humi-Chek {D;E;Es;F} * see electronic hygrometer.<br />
humidificación {Es} * see humidification {E;F}.<br />
humidificador {Es} * see humidifier {E}.<br />
humidification {E;F} * 1) The increase <strong>of</strong> moisture content<br />
in an environment. 2) The placing <strong>of</strong> dry and brittle<br />
materials in moisture-laden air, in a cloud chamber or<br />
container, <strong>to</strong> aid in <strong>the</strong> gradual absorption <strong>of</strong> water vapour<br />
for added pliability.(22.23.) {D= 1) Luftbefeuchtung; 2)<br />
Befeuchtung; Es= 1 & 2) humidificación; F=<br />
humidification}.<br />
humidifier {E} * A device <strong>to</strong> add moisture <strong>to</strong> rooms or<br />
materials.07. {D= Befeuchter; Es= humidificador; F=<br />
humidificateur}.<br />
humidité absolue {F} * see absolute humidity {E}.<br />
humidité relative {F} * see relative humidity (R/H) {E}.<br />
humidity {E} * The actual amount <strong>of</strong> water vapour present<br />
in <strong>the</strong> air; see also absolute humidity; hygrometer; relative<br />
humidity. A more relevant working term is relative<br />
humidity.45. {D= Feuchtigkeit; Es= humedad; F=<br />
humidité}.<br />
hundimien<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see droop {E}.<br />
HVAC {E} * acronym for heating, ventila-ion concentration<br />
{E} * The concentration <strong>of</strong> hydrogen ions (H+) in an<br />
aqueous solution. It is a measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> active acidity or<br />
alkalinity, and is expressed as <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> moles<br />
(1.0078 gram) <strong>of</strong> H+ per litre <strong>of</strong> solution. It may also be<br />
expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> pH; see also pH.08. {D= ?; Es= ?;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
hydrogen-ion concentration {E} * The concentration <strong>of</strong><br />
hydrogen ions (H+) in an aqueous solution. It is a measure<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> active acidity or alkalinity, and is expressed as <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> moles (1.0078 gram) <strong>of</strong> H+ per litre <strong>of</strong> solution.<br />
It may also be expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> pH; see also pH.08.<br />
{D= ?; Es= concentración de iones de hidrógeno; F=<br />
concentration en ions hydrogène}.<br />
hydrolyse {E;F} * To change <strong>the</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> a<br />
compound by reaction with water. For example, <strong>the</strong> alum<br />
in a fixing bath can react with water under certain<br />
circumstances <strong>to</strong> produce a new compound <strong>of</strong> aluminiumaluminium<br />
hydroxide.05. {D= ?; Es= hidrolizar}.<br />
Hydrolyse {D} * see hydrolysis {E}.<br />
hydrolysis {E} * 1) Literally, 'splitting apart with water'. 2)<br />
Chemical action involving water. 3) Decomposition in<br />
which a compound is split in<strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r compounds by taking<br />
up <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> water.(44.) {D= Hydrolyse; Es=<br />
hidrólisis; F= hydrolyse}.<br />
hygreskopischer Ausdeknungskoeffizrent {D} * see<br />
coefficient <strong>of</strong> hygroscopic expansion {E}.<br />
hygroexpansivity {E} * The change in dimension <strong>of</strong> an item
that results from a change in <strong>the</strong> ambient relative humidity.<br />
It is commonly expressed as a percentage and is usually<br />
several times higher for <strong>the</strong> cross direction than for <strong>the</strong><br />
machine direction.(08.) {D= ?; Es= higroexpansividad; F=<br />
dilatation hygroscopique}.<br />
hygrometer {E} * An instrument used for measuring <strong>the</strong><br />
relative humidity, or percentage <strong>of</strong> moisture saturation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> air; see also cobal-ter.(45.) {D= Hygrometer;<br />
Feuchtigkeitsmesser; Es= higrómetro; F= hygromètre}.<br />
Hygrometer {D} * see hygrometer {E}.<br />
hygromètre {F} * see hygrometer {E}.<br />
hygromètre à cheveu {F} * see halation; hair hygrometer<br />
{E}.<br />
hygromètre électronique {F} * see electronic hygrometer<br />
{E}.<br />
hygroscopic {E} * 1) Materials which readily take up and<br />
retain mois-ture.39. 2) Ability <strong>of</strong> a material <strong>to</strong> absorb or<br />
emit moisture in response <strong>to</strong> changes in <strong>the</strong> relative<br />
humidity.44. Hygroscopicity is measured by <strong>the</strong> change in<br />
moisture content when <strong>the</strong> relative humidity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
atmosphere is changed, and this change in moisture<br />
content affects its physical properties.08. {D=<br />
hygroskopisch; Es= higroscópico; F= hygroscopique}.<br />
hygroscopique {F} * see hygroscopic {E}.<br />
hygroskopisch {D} * see hygroscopic {E}.<br />
hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph {E} * A device for determining <strong>the</strong><br />
relative humidity and <strong>the</strong> temperature <strong>of</strong> an<br />
atmosphere.(04.) {D= Hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph; Es=<br />
termohigrógrafo; F= hygro<strong>the</strong>rmographe}.<br />
Hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph {D} * see hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph {E}.<br />
hygro<strong>the</strong>rmographe {F} * see hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph {E}.<br />
hypermedia {E} * Cross-linked data-bases possibly<br />
containing data in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> text, still- and movingimages,<br />
and/or sound.(39.) {D= ?; Es= hipermedio; F=<br />
hypermédia}.<br />
hypermédia {F} * see hypermedia {E}.<br />
hyperstereoscopy {E} * see stereoscopy {E}.<br />
hypo {E} * abbreviation for hyposulphite <strong>of</strong> soda.<br />
hypo test {E} * see methylene blue; residual hypo test.<br />
hyposulfite de sodium {F} * see hyposulphite <strong>of</strong> soda<br />
(HYPO) {E}.<br />
hyposulphite <strong>of</strong> soda (HYPO) {E} * Actually sodium<br />
thiosulphate. The name for a fixing bath made from<br />
ammonium or sodium thiosulphate, o<strong>the</strong>r chemicals, and<br />
water, <strong>of</strong>ten used as a synonym for fixing bath.(09.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= hiposulfi<strong>to</strong> sódico [de sodio]; F= hyposulfite de<br />
sodium}.<br />
hysteresis {E} * Difference in <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> a property <strong>of</strong> a<br />
substance depending on whe<strong>the</strong>r a given value <strong>of</strong> a<br />
related condition or variable is approached from a higher<br />
or lower level. For example, paper conditioned at 50<br />
percent relative humidity will have a greater moisture<br />
content when this environment is approached from a<br />
higher relative humidity than from a lower relative<br />
humidity.08. {D= ?; Es= histéresis; F= hystérésis}.<br />
hysteresis loop {E} * The graphical representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
120<br />
relation-ship between an alternating magne<strong>to</strong>motive force<br />
and <strong>the</strong> magnetic flux density it produces in a sample <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic material such as magnetic tape. Usually<br />
displayed in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> two slightly displaced open s's<br />
joined at <strong>the</strong> ends but not crossing or in coincidence with<br />
one ano<strong>the</strong>r.16. {D= ?; Es= ciclo de hitéresis; F= courbe<br />
d'hystérésis}.<br />
hystérésis {F} * see hysteresis {E}.<br />
Hz {E} * abbreviation for Hertz.<br />
i ---<br />
I signal {E} * The colour sidebands produced by<br />
modulating <strong>the</strong> colour subcarrier at a phase 57° removed<br />
from <strong>the</strong> "burst," reference phase; also referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong><br />
I vec<strong>to</strong>r. iconoscope {E} * Developed by V. K. Zworykin <strong>of</strong><br />
RCA was <strong>the</strong> first practical pho<strong>to</strong>emissive s<strong>to</strong>rage tube. It<br />
used a mosaic pattern consisting <strong>of</strong> small particles <strong>of</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>emitting material on an insulating substrate. It<br />
produced a noisy picture, was difficult <strong>to</strong> operate and its<br />
light sensitivity was marginal for live pickup. It was<br />
succeeded for live pickup by <strong>the</strong> image orthicon tube. {D=<br />
?; Es= señal I; F= signal I}.<br />
IAN {E} * acronym for International Article Number.<br />
IASA {E} * acronym for International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound<br />
and <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
IC {E} * acronym for integrated circuit.<br />
ICA {E} * acronym for International Council on Archives.<br />
iconográfico {Es} * see iconograph {E}.<br />
iconograph {E} * An illustration (pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, engraving,<br />
etc.) made for a book. {D= ?; Es= iconográfico; F= ?}.<br />
identité de fichier {F} * see title screen (computer files) {E}.<br />
idler {E} * 1) The rubber-tyred wheel that transmits power<br />
from <strong>the</strong> drive spindle <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> turntable. 2) The rubber-tyred<br />
wheel that presses <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> capstan <strong>of</strong> a tape<br />
recorder's transport.(10.) {D= ?; Es= polea guíapelícula;<br />
F= 1) galet d'entraînement 2) galet presseur}.<br />
IEEE {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Institute <strong>of</strong> Electrical and<br />
Electronic Engineers; previously known as <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Radio Rngineers (ire). {D= ?; Es= abreviatura de Institu<strong>to</strong><br />
de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos; F= ?}.<br />
IFFA {E} * acronym for International Federation <strong>of</strong> Film<br />
Archives; see Fédération International des Archives du<br />
Film.<br />
IFLA {E} * acronym for International Federation <strong>of</strong> Library<br />
Associations and Institutions.<br />
IFPI {E} * acronym for International Federation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Phonographic Industry.<br />
IFTA {E} * acronym for International Federation <strong>of</strong><br />
Television Archives; see Fédération Internationale des<br />
Archives de Télévision.<br />
IHF {E} * acronym for Institute <strong>of</strong> High Fidelity.<br />
illuminación a contraluz {Es} * see backlighting {E}.<br />
illuminant {E;F} * The source <strong>of</strong> light used <strong>to</strong> project <strong>the</strong><br />
film image or <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> light used <strong>to</strong> expose <strong>the</strong> film<br />
such as an incan-descent (tungsten) bulb.09. {D= ?; Es=<br />
iluminante; iluminador; fuente luminosa; patrón de luz}.<br />
illumination level meter {E} * see light meter.
illustration colorée {F} * see coloured illustration {E}.<br />
iluminación a contraluz {Es} * see back-light {E}.<br />
iluminación ambiental {Es} * see ambient light {E}.<br />
iluminación auxiliar {Es} * see fill light; filler light {E}.<br />
iluminación base {Es} * see base-light {E}.<br />
iluminación de bajo contraste {Es} * see flat lighting {E}.<br />
iluminación del estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.<br />
iluminación difuminada {Es} * see broad light {E}.<br />
iluminación práctica {Es} * see practical lighting {E}.<br />
iluminación principal {Es} * see high key light; key light {E}.<br />
iluminación proyectada de baja intensidad {Es} * see baby<br />
spot {E}.<br />
iluminacíon {Es} * see lighting {E}.<br />
iluminador {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.<br />
iluminancia de pantalla {Es} * see screen brightness {E}.<br />
iluminante {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.<br />
ilustración coloreada {Es} * see coloured illustration {E}.<br />
IM {E} * acronym for intermodulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.<br />
image {E;F} * 1) An exact copy s<strong>to</strong>red in a different<br />
medium. 2) The picture on a television tube. 3) A<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphically recorded picture that is made visible by<br />
processing. 4) The area that is reproduced by printing; see<br />
also latent image.(10.) {D= Bild; Es= imagen}.<br />
image {F} * see also flat image; frame; picture (pic; pix)<br />
{E}.<br />
image area {E} * 1) The part <strong>of</strong> a recording area on<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/fiche reserved for <strong>the</strong> images. 2) The area <strong>of</strong> a<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket containing film channels for <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong><br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm images.(40.) {D= ?; Es= superficie de la imagen;<br />
F= surface d'image}.<br />
image arrêtée {F} * see still frame; s<strong>to</strong>p frame {E}.<br />
image b {F} * see b picture {E}.<br />
image blanche {F} * see flash frame {E}.<br />
image brillante {F} * see glossy print {E}.<br />
image colour {E} * A description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> predominant <strong>to</strong>ne<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong> a monochrome artifact. The colours range<br />
from cold blue-black <strong>to</strong> warm red-brown.42. {D= ?; Es=<br />
color de la imagen; F= couleur d'image}.<br />
image compression {E} * The amount <strong>of</strong> compaction<br />
required by an anamorphic system so that <strong>the</strong> image will<br />
fit on <strong>the</strong> film; see also image expansion. {D= ?; Es=<br />
compresión de la imagen; F= resserrement de l'image;<br />
compression d'image}.<br />
image contrast {E} * see contrast.<br />
image de première génération {F} * see first-generation<br />
image {E}.<br />
image dissec<strong>to</strong>r {E} * An early television camera pickup<br />
tube developed by Philo T. Franesworth in 1927.10. {D= ?;<br />
Es= disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen; F= dissecteur d'image}.<br />
121<br />
image dissec<strong>to</strong>r tube {E} * An early camera tube in which<br />
an electron image produced by a photemitting surface in<br />
<strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> a defining aperture and was scanned past that<br />
aperture. {D= ?; Es= tubo disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen; F= tube<br />
trameur d'image}.<br />
image en relief {F} * see relief image {E}.<br />
image enhancement {E} * =Es= realce de imagen {Es}.<br />
image enhancement {E} * 1) Electronic changing <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
signal generally assumed <strong>to</strong> be for data correction and/or<br />
enhancement; includes such processes as increasing<br />
edge sharpness (high frequency syn<strong>the</strong>sis), edge colour<br />
fringe removal, colour displacement correction<br />
(chroma/luma delay), reduced noise ('snow remover'),<br />
suppressing 'ringing' at edges, and improved small image<br />
detail.(06.) 2) An electronic circuit used in television <strong>to</strong><br />
increase <strong>the</strong> resolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture.10. {D= Bildkorrektur;<br />
Es= realce de imagen; F= accentuation d'image;<br />
enrichissement de l'image}.<br />
image enhancement {E} * Electronic changing <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
signal generally assumed <strong>to</strong> be for data correction and/or<br />
enhancement; includes such processes as increasing<br />
edge sharpness (high frequency syn<strong>the</strong>sis), edge colour<br />
fringe removal, colour displacement correction<br />
(chroma/luma delay), reduced noise ('snow remover'),<br />
suppressing 'ringing' at edges, and improved small image<br />
detail.(06.) {F= enrichissement de l'image; D=<br />
Bildkorrektur; Es= realce de<br />
image enhancer {E} * An electronic circuit used in<br />
television <strong>to</strong> increase <strong>the</strong> resolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture.10. {D=<br />
?; Es= realzador de imagen}<br />
image expansion {E} * The amount <strong>of</strong> change in image<br />
size required by an anamorphic system so that <strong>the</strong> lens will<br />
expand <strong>the</strong> picture <strong>the</strong> required amount; see also image<br />
compression. {F= ?; D= ?; Es= expansión [dilatación] de la<br />
imagen}<br />
image fantôme {F} * see echo {E}.<br />
image fixe {F} * see still frame; s<strong>to</strong>p frame {E}.<br />
image latente {F} * see latent image {E}.<br />
image multiple {F} * see multiple image {E}.<br />
image orientation {E} * The arrangement <strong>of</strong> document<br />
images on micr<strong>of</strong>ilm, usually with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film edge.<br />
The orientation or mode is described as 'cine' or 'comic'.<br />
{D= ?; Es= orientación de la imagen; F= orientation de<br />
l'image}.<br />
image orthicon (IO) {E;F} * An extremely light sensitive<br />
television camera pickup tube developed by RCA.(10.) {D=<br />
?; Es= Superorticón; Superortinoscopio}.<br />
image orthicon tube {E} * A video image pick-up tube in<br />
which an electron image produced by a pho<strong>to</strong>emitting<br />
surface and focused on one side <strong>of</strong> a separate s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
target which is scanned on its opposite side by an electron<br />
beam, usually <strong>of</strong> low-velocity electrons. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
an "IO" tube. The IO tube succeeded <strong>the</strong> iconoscope and<br />
it was replaced by <strong>the</strong> Plumbicon. {D= ?; Es= tubo<br />
Superorticón; F= tube orthicon}.<br />
image pho<strong>to</strong>graphique à nuances continues {F} * see<br />
continuous <strong>to</strong>ne image {E}.<br />
image positive {F} * see positive image {E}.<br />
image processing {E} * The manipulation and s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong><br />
computer text or graphics.10. {D= ?; Es= procesamien<strong>to</strong><br />
de imagen; F= traitement d'image}.<br />
image réelle {F} * see real image {E}.
image resolution {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> dots<br />
per inch produced on a dot matrix or o<strong>the</strong>r printer.10. {D=<br />
?; Es= resolución de la imagen; F= résolution de l'image}.<br />
image retention {E} * A video iconoscope phenomenon<br />
that occurs with rapid motion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ac<strong>to</strong>r or <strong>the</strong> camera<br />
and is especially noticeable at low light levels; also called<br />
lagging, sticking, and trailing.10. {D= ?; Es= retención de<br />
la imagen; F= (défaut de) rémanence}.<br />
image reversing film {E} * A duplicating film which, with<br />
conven-tional processing, reverses <strong>the</strong> polarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
original <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous film generation, i.e., a negative is<br />
generated from a positive or a positive generated from a<br />
negative; see also direct-image film.01. {D= ?; Es=<br />
película de inversión de imagen; F= film réversible}.<br />
image scanner {E} * An electronic device used <strong>to</strong> transform<br />
printed images in<strong>to</strong> computer form.10. {D= ?; Es=<br />
explorador de la imagen; F= numérisation des images}.<br />
image secondaire {F} * see ghost-image {E}.<br />
image stability {E} * Used when referring <strong>to</strong> a change in an<br />
image, be it colour or black-and-white, recorded on<br />
conventional, magnetic, or electronic image recording<br />
medium.05. {D= ?; Es= estabilidad de la imagen; F=<br />
stabilité de l'image}.<br />
image s<strong>to</strong>rage {E} * A device that is capable <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ring a<br />
digitized frame <strong>of</strong> video information on a disc or tape.10.<br />
{D= ?; Es= almacenador de imagen; F= s<strong>to</strong>ckage des<br />
images}.<br />
image structure {E} * Measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> capacity <strong>of</strong> a film<br />
emulsion <strong>to</strong> record detail faithfully.09. {D= ?; Es=<br />
estructura de la imagen; F= mesure de la définition d'une<br />
émulsion}.<br />
image transform {E} * A computerized kinescope<br />
process.10. {D= ?; Es= transformación [conversión] de la<br />
imagen ; F= ?}.<br />
image virtuelle {F} * see virtual image {E}.<br />
imagen {Es} * see frame; picture (pic; pix); image {E;F}.<br />
imagen congelada {Es} * see freeze frame {E}.<br />
imagen de control {Es} * see monoscope {E}.<br />
imagen de primera generación {Es} * see first-generation<br />
image {E}.<br />
imagen de <strong>to</strong>no continuo {Es} * see continuous <strong>to</strong>ne image<br />
{E}.<br />
imagen en relieve {Es} * see relief image {E}.<br />
imagen fantasma {Es} * see echo {D;E}; ghost-image {E}.<br />
imagen fija {Es} * see still frame {E}.<br />
imagen inmóvil {Es} * see monoscope {E}.<br />
imagen invertida (negativa) {Es} * see negative image {E}.<br />
imagen latente {Es} * see latent image {E}.<br />
imagen múltiple {Es} * see multiple exposure; multiple<br />
image {E}.<br />
imagen negativa {Es} * see picture negative {E}.<br />
imagen plana {Es} * see flat image {E}.<br />
imagen real {Es} * see real image {E}.<br />
122<br />
imagen resultado de la incidencia de la luz sobre una<br />
emulsión {Es} * see artifact<br />
imagen rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.<br />
imagen virtual {Es} * see virtual image {E}.<br />
imágen {Es} * see frame; picture (pic/pix) {E}.<br />
imágen latente /{Es} * see latent image {E}.<br />
imágenes por segundo {Es} * see frames per second<br />
(FPS) {E}.<br />
imágenes por segundo {Es} * see frames per second<br />
(FPS) {E}.<br />
imager {E} * A video camera lens focuses an image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
scene on <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive surface <strong>of</strong> a sensor or imager,<br />
which converts an optical image in<strong>to</strong> an electrical signal.<br />
Imagers were originally vacuum tubes (image orthicons,<br />
vidicons, and plumbicons), but more recently tubes are<br />
being supplanted by solid-state sensors such as chargecoupled<br />
devices (CCDs). {D= ?; Es= reflejar; hacer una<br />
representación o imitación; F= imageur}.<br />
images par seconde {F} * see frames per second (FPS)<br />
{E}.<br />
imageur {F} * see imager {E}.<br />
imán móvil {Es} * see moving magnet {E}.<br />
IMAX {D;E;Es;F} * An extremely large wide-screen film<br />
process utilizing a special film camera and projec<strong>to</strong>r that<br />
run <strong>the</strong> film horizontally.(10.)<br />
imbalance {E} * The product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal mass <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc<br />
and <strong>the</strong> distance in <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc between <strong>the</strong><br />
centre <strong>of</strong> gravity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc and <strong>the</strong> axis <strong>of</strong> rotation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
disc.(46.) {D= ?; Es= desequlibrio; desbalance; F=<br />
balourd; déséquilibre}.<br />
imbibition process {E} * Any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>mechanical<br />
reproduction process used for printing colour film by <strong>the</strong><br />
selective absorption <strong>of</strong> dye by <strong>the</strong> three separation ma<br />
trices.(10.) {D= ?; Es= proceso de inhibición ; F= procédé<br />
par imbibition}.<br />
impact strength {E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work done in<br />
breaking a test sample <strong>of</strong> material (tape, film, disc) by<br />
subjecting it <strong>to</strong> a sudden stress.46. {D= ?; Es= resistencia<br />
al impac<strong>to</strong>; F= résistance à la rupture}.<br />
impedance {E} * The resistance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> alternating<br />
current in an electrical circuit, generally categorized as<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r 'high' or 'low' but sometimes given in 'ohms', or<br />
millions <strong>of</strong> ohms ('megaohms'). Commonly used <strong>to</strong><br />
characterize <strong>the</strong> input or output termination o} * see art<br />
print {E}.<br />
impedance {E} * The resistance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> alternating<br />
current in an electrical circuit, generally categorized as<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r 'high' or 'low' but sometimes given in 'ohms', or<br />
millions <strong>of</strong> ohms ('megaohms'). Commonly used <strong>to</strong><br />
characterize t he input or output termination <strong>of</strong><br />
components so that a proper 'match' can be made when<br />
interconnecting two or more devices (like a microphone,<br />
tape recorder, and loudspeaker). Power loss or frequency<br />
discrimination can result from a 'mismatch' <strong>of</strong><br />
impedances.16. {D= Impedanz; Es= impedancia ; F=<br />
impédance}.<br />
impédance {F} * see impedance {E}.<br />
Impedancia {Es} * see impedance {E}.<br />
impresión bobinada A y B {Es} * see a and b wind printing<br />
{E}.
impresión de la banda sonora {Es} * see soundtrack print<br />
{E}.<br />
impresión de referencia {Es} * see reference print {E}.<br />
impresión original (disco) {Es} * see original pressing {E}.<br />
impresión por inmersión {Es} * see wet gate printer {E}.<br />
impresión que lleva la montura del objetivo {Es} * see<br />
barrel markings {E}.<br />
impresión sonora {Es} * see record (2)(3)) {E}.<br />
impresión sustractiva {Es} * see subtractive printing {E}.<br />
impresor óptico [-a] {Es} * see optical printer {E}.<br />
impresora continua {Es} * see continuous printer {E}.<br />
impresora continua de inmersion <strong>to</strong>tal {Es} * see fullimmersion<br />
continuous printer {E}.<br />
impresora de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed printer<br />
{E}.<br />
impresora por inmersión {Es} * see wet gate printer {E}.<br />
imprimeur {F} * see printer {E}.<br />
impulsion {F} * see punch {E}.<br />
impulsion de bruit {F} * see noise pulse {E}.<br />
impulsion de synchronisation {F} * see sync pulse {E}.<br />
impulsion transversale {F} * see pulse cross {E}.<br />
impulsions d'égalisation {F} * see equalization pulses {E}.<br />
impulsions de préégalisation {F} * see preequalizing<br />
pulses {E}.<br />
impulsions de synchro {F} * see blanking level {E}.<br />
impulsions de synchronisation {F} * see burst {E}.<br />
impulsions horizontales {F} * see horizontal drive pulses<br />
{E}.<br />
impulsions verticales (vid) {F} * see vertical drive pulse {E}.<br />
impulso de cronización de barrido vertical {Es} * see<br />
vertical drive pulse {E}.<br />
impulso de desviación vertical {Es} * see vertical drive<br />
pulse {E}.<br />
impulso de precorrección {Es} * see preequalizing pulses<br />
{E}.<br />
impulso de ruido {Es} * see noise pulse {E}.<br />
impulso sincronizador {Es} * see sync pulse {E}.<br />
impulso transversal {Es} * see pulse cross {E}.<br />
impulsos de equalización {Es} * see equalization pulses<br />
{E}.<br />
imùage de départ {F} * see flash frame {E}.<br />
in association with {E} * see cooperation/in association<br />
with.<br />
in-line heads {E} * Arrangement <strong>of</strong> stereophonic heads on<br />
an audio tape recorder in which <strong>the</strong> head gaps are<br />
mounted one directly above <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r; also called 'stacked<br />
123<br />
heads'.50. {D= ?; Es= cabezas alineadas verticalmente;<br />
F= têtes groupées}.<br />
in-phase {E} * Complete coordinated or synchronized<br />
operation between or among two or more components,<br />
waves, devices, currents, etc.; see also out <strong>of</strong> phase.(10.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= en fase; F= en phase}.<br />
inch {E} * 1) From <strong>the</strong> Latin, uncia, meaning twelfth part. 2)<br />
A measure <strong>of</strong> length equal <strong>to</strong> 1/12 <strong>of</strong> a foot. 3) To move<br />
very slowly. {D= Zoll; Es= pulgada; F= pouce}.<br />
inches per second (IPS) {E} * The measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
speed at which tape passes through a tape player. Tape<br />
speeds are based on <strong>the</strong> early standard <strong>of</strong> 30-IPS.<br />
Successive improvements in tapes, heads, and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
equipment have permitted reductions <strong>to</strong> 15-IPS and 7½-<br />
IPS for pr<strong>of</strong>essional tapes, and 3¾-IPS and 1#-IPS for<br />
home use.04. In many areas, IPS figures are being<br />
replaced by <strong>the</strong> equivalent metric figures (i.e., cms). {D=<br />
Zoll pro Sekunde; Es= pulgadas por segundo; F= pouces<br />
par seconde}.<br />
incident light {E} * The light, from all external sources,<br />
which falls upon a subject.09. The light that falls directly on<br />
an object. {D= ?; Es= luz incidente; F= éclairage direct;<br />
lumière incidente}.<br />
incisión {Es} * see notch {E}.<br />
incompatibilité {F} * see noncompatibility {E}.<br />
incompatibilité? {F} * see interchange {E}.<br />
incompatible {Es} * see noncompatibility {E}.<br />
incremen<strong>to</strong> mínimo en la densidad de la luz en fo<strong>to</strong>grafía,<br />
{Es} * see print-out {E}.<br />
incrustar {Es} * see burn-in {E}.<br />
incrustation {F} * see key {E}.<br />
incrustation sur fond bleu {F} * see chroma key {E}.<br />
incruster {F} * see burn-in {E}.<br />
indentation recording {E} * A means <strong>of</strong> recording on<strong>to</strong><br />
certain metal discs, e.g. aluminium, with a diamond stylus,<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> metal is compressed <strong>to</strong> make grooves (i.e., no<br />
thread is removed or displaced); see also embossing.(04.)<br />
{D= ?; Es= grabación por [con] indentación; F= *<br />
enregistrement par indentation; enregistrement reinforcé}.<br />
independencia de línea {Es} * see <strong>of</strong>f-Line {E}.<br />
index {E;F} * A listing <strong>of</strong> pre-selected access points<br />
(names, subjects, titles, etc.) along with an indication <strong>of</strong><br />
where (page number, index numbers, etc.) in <strong>the</strong> indexed<br />
item (tape, CD, film, etc.) <strong>the</strong> item/event can be found. {D=<br />
?; Es= índice}.<br />
index counter {E} * On film and tape machines, an<br />
odometer type <strong>of</strong> counter which indicates revolutions,<br />
usually <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck or supply hub (not feet <strong>of</strong> film/tape),<br />
<strong>the</strong>reby making it possible <strong>to</strong> index selections within a<br />
film/tape and readily locate <strong>the</strong>m later.16. {D= ?; Es=<br />
contador índice; F= compteur d'index}.<br />
index numbers {E} * 1) The location indica<strong>to</strong>rs from an<br />
index counter. 2) Delineations found in <strong>the</strong> sub-code <strong>of</strong><br />
optical media marking points <strong>of</strong> reference in <strong>the</strong> content <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> programme.(39.) {D= ?; Es= números índice; F=<br />
numéros d'index; numéro de l'index}.<br />
index <strong>of</strong> refraction {E} * 1) The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> phase velocity<br />
<strong>of</strong> light in a vacuum <strong>to</strong> that in a specified medium. The<br />
index <strong>of</strong> refraction is invariably a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frequency<br />
or wavelength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> optical radiation.46. 2) The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
velocity <strong>of</strong> light in one me-dium compared <strong>to</strong> a second medium.39.<br />
{D= ?; Es= índice de refracción; F= indice de<br />
réfraction; index réfractique}.<br />
indicación {Es} * see registration {E}.<br />
indicación de la esperanza de vida (en materiales) {Es} *<br />
see LE designation {E}.<br />
indicador de nivel {Es} * see level indica<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
indicador visual de cristal líquido {Es} * see liquid crystal<br />
display (LCD) {E}.<br />
indicateur de niveau {F} * see level indica<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
indication de l'espérance de vie {F} * see LE designation<br />
{E}.<br />
indice de luminance {F} * see luminaries; luminance ratio<br />
{E}.<br />
indice de qualité (micropho<strong>to</strong>) {F} * see quality index {E}.<br />
indice de réfraction {F} * see index <strong>of</strong> refraction {E}.<br />
Indice de Materias {Es} * see TOC {E}.<br />
índice {Es} * see index {E;F}.<br />
índice de calidad {Es} * see quality index {E}.<br />
índice de exposición {Es} * see exposure index (E) {E}.<br />
índice de materias {Es} * see table <strong>of</strong> contents (TOC) {E}.<br />
indice de pose {F} * see exposure index (EI); exposure<br />
index (EI) {E}.<br />
índice de refracción {Es} * see index <strong>of</strong> refraction {E}.<br />
indicio {Es} * see trace {E}.<br />
índucteur {F} * see induc<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es}.<br />
induc<strong>to</strong>r {E;Es} * An element <strong>the</strong> principal characteristic <strong>of</strong><br />
which is <strong>to</strong> oppose any change in <strong>the</strong> current <strong>of</strong> a circuit.<br />
{D= ?; Es= bobina de inductancia ; F= índucteur}<br />
inert gas {E} * Gas, such as nitrogen, having few or no<br />
active properties.53. {D= ?; Es= gas inerte; F= gaz inactif}.<br />
inestabilidad {Es} * see instability {E}.<br />
inestable {Es} * see unsteady {E}.<br />
información {Es} * see information {E}.<br />
informal note {E} * see note.<br />
information {E;F} * 1) Recorded data.22.23. 2) Generally,<br />
<strong>the</strong> communication <strong>of</strong> knowledge or intelligence; <strong>the</strong><br />
reduction <strong>of</strong> uncertainty, randomness, or entropy. 3) In<br />
moving-image production, <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> material<br />
contained in a film frame.(10.) 4) The audiovisual signal<br />
recorded with a system. {D= Information; Es= información;<br />
F= données numériques; données enregistrées<br />
informatisées; données informatisées}.<br />
information exchange pro<strong>to</strong>col (IXP) {E} * A pro<strong>to</strong>col used<br />
in <strong>the</strong> mastering process for labelling data on a CD-I,<br />
describing medium type and encoding tech-niques.39. {D=<br />
?; Es= pro<strong>to</strong>colo de intercambio de información; F=<br />
pro<strong>to</strong>cole d'échange d'information}.<br />
information retrieval {E} * 1) A set <strong>of</strong> procedures, manual<br />
or au<strong>to</strong>mated, by which references <strong>to</strong> or <strong>the</strong> information<br />
contained in documents are indexed and s<strong>to</strong>red in such a<br />
manner that <strong>the</strong>y can be retrieved in response <strong>to</strong> specific<br />
124<br />
requests.(22.23.) 2) A computer system wherein <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>red<br />
data may be recalled instantly, or in very short time<br />
periods, in one or more places or terminals.(10.) {D=<br />
Informationsretrieval; Informationssystem; Es=<br />
recuperación de la información; F= recherche<br />
documentaire}.<br />
Information {D} * see information {E}.<br />
Informationsretrieval {D} * see information retrieval {E}.<br />
Informationssystem {D} * see information retrieval {E}.<br />
informe de responsabilidad {Es} * see statement <strong>of</strong><br />
responsibility {E}.<br />
infrared light {E} * =Es= luz infrarroja {Es}.<br />
infrared light {E} * Non-visible radiation from <strong>the</strong> long<br />
wavelength portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum.09. {D= ?; Es= luz<br />
infrarroja ; F= lumière infra-rouge}.<br />
Infraschall {D} * see infrasonic {E}.<br />
infrasonic {E} * Frequencies below human audibility (i.e.,<br />
below approximately 15 <strong>to</strong> 20 Hz); <strong>the</strong> opposite <strong>of</strong><br />
ultrasonic.(04.) {D= Infraschall; Es= infrasónico;<br />
infracústico; F= infrasonique; neutre}.<br />
infrasónico {Es} * see infrasonic {E}.<br />
infrasonique {F} * see infrasonic {E}.<br />
infringe {E} * 1) To break a law or agreement. 2) To<br />
encroach upon <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, as <strong>to</strong> violate <strong>the</strong><br />
exclusive rights <strong>of</strong> a copyright owner. {D= ?; Es= invadir;<br />
infringir; F= enfreindre; contrefaire}.<br />
infringir {Es} * see infringe {E}.<br />
ingénieur de la vision {F} * see switcher {E}.<br />
inherent vice {E} * The tendency <strong>of</strong> an object <strong>to</strong> deteriorate<br />
or destroy itself without external help. {D= ?; Es= vicio<br />
inherente [intrínseco]; F= vice interne}.<br />
inhibidor de hongos {Es} * see fungistat {E}.<br />
inicialización {Es} * see initialization {E}.<br />
initialization {E} * 1) The au<strong>to</strong>matic process <strong>of</strong> reading <strong>the</strong><br />
table <strong>of</strong> contents sub-code when a CD and/or computer<br />
disk is first loaded in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> player.39. 2) A video editing<br />
procedure that establishes <strong>the</strong> basic parameters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
editing system, such as where <strong>the</strong> machines are located<br />
within <strong>the</strong> system, <strong>the</strong> pre-roll <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system, or <strong>the</strong> name<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> production. {D= ?; Es= inicialización; F=<br />
initialisation}.<br />
injection moulding {E} * Manufacturing process <strong>of</strong> injecting<br />
a liquefied material, such as plastic, in<strong>to</strong> a mould; used for<br />
disc media. {D= Sprtizguß; Es= moldeo por inyección; F=<br />
moulage par injection}.<br />
inmovilización {Es} * see interlock {E}.<br />
Innenstart {D} * see centre start disc (CS) {E}.<br />
inner sleeve {E} * see sleeve.<br />
inner titles/interior titles {E} * The frames <strong>of</strong> dialogue,<br />
descriptive information, and/or comment placed in silent<br />
films. {D= ?; Es= títulos internos [interiores]; F= titres<br />
(ciné)?}.<br />
input {E} * 1) Any data entering a circuit or system. 2) The<br />
terminals, jacks, or receptacles provided for <strong>the</strong> injection<br />
<strong>of</strong> an electrical voltage in<strong>to</strong> an amplifier or o<strong>the</strong>r electronic
component.)16.) .D= Eingang; Es= entrada; conexión; F=<br />
entrée}.<br />
input/output (I/O) {E} * 1) The equipment used <strong>to</strong><br />
communicate with a computer. 2) The data involved in<br />
such communication. 3) The medium carrying <strong>the</strong> data<br />
involved in such communication.22. {D= 1)<br />
Dateneingabe/Datenausgabe, 2)<br />
Eingabedaten/Ausgabedaten, 3) Datenträger für Ein- und<br />
Ausgabe; Es= circui<strong>to</strong> de entrada; circui<strong>to</strong> de salida;<br />
entrada/salida; F= entrée/sortie}.<br />
input signal {E} * An electrical voltage presented <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
input <strong>of</strong> an amplifier, head, or o<strong>the</strong>r electronic<br />
component.16. {D= Eingangsignal; Es= señal de entrada;<br />
F= signal d'entrée}.<br />
inscription {F} * see entry {E}.<br />
inserción de hojas sueltas en un libro ya encuadernado<br />
{Es} * see tipping-in {E}.<br />
inserción del pun<strong>to</strong> de entrada (vídeo) {Es} * see trim-in<br />
{E}.<br />
inserción del pun<strong>to</strong> de salida (vídeo) {Es} * see trim-out<br />
{E}.<br />
inserción manual {Es} * see manual edit {E}.<br />
insert {E;F} * 1) Any matter slipped loose in<strong>to</strong> a package,<br />
such as <strong>the</strong> notes for <strong>the</strong> performance and/or libret<strong>to</strong> for an<br />
opera; synonymous with loose insert and throw-in.01. 2) A<br />
detail shot which gives specific and relevant information,<br />
necessary <strong>to</strong> understanding <strong>the</strong> moving-image scene fully.<br />
Example: a letter, <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> a clock, a tell-tale physical<br />
detail.30. {D= Einsatz; Es= inser<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
insert edit {E} * 1) The recording <strong>of</strong> an electronic signal -<br />
audio or video- over a previously recorded portion, erasing<br />
<strong>the</strong> old signal in <strong>the</strong> process.(35.) 2) Any video editing<br />
where <strong>the</strong> control track is not replaced. Most computer<br />
assisted editing is accomplished in <strong>the</strong> insert mode. To<br />
insert an event is <strong>to</strong> add an event within an existing edit<br />
decision list. The only o<strong>the</strong>r alternative mode <strong>of</strong> editing is<br />
<strong>the</strong> assemble edit in which a new control track is recorded<br />
at <strong>the</strong> edit point. {D= ?; Es= edición de inser<strong>to</strong>; F= insertion<br />
de montage: montage par insertion}.<br />
insert shot {E} * see insert {E}.<br />
insertador {Es} * see inserter {E}.<br />
inserter {E} * An electronic device that allows time code<br />
numbers <strong>to</strong> be displayed within a video picture. {D= ?; Es=<br />
insertador; embutidor; F= inserteur}.<br />
inserteur {F} * see inserter {E}.<br />
insertion {F} * see luminance key {E}.<br />
insertion de montage {F} * see insert edit {E}-in {E}.<br />
insertion du point de sortie (montage vidéo) {F} * see trimout<br />
{E}.<br />
inser<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see insert {E;F}.<br />
inside margin {E} * The space between <strong>the</strong> playing area<br />
and <strong>the</strong> circumference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> label <strong>of</strong> a disc recording.<br />
Discs with no discrete labels are considered as having no<br />
inside margins, but as having centres only.(04.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
margen interior [interno]; F= marge interne}.<br />
Inspección del Control de Calidad {Es} * see QCI {E}.<br />
Inspection de contrôle qualité .{F} * see QCI .{E}.<br />
125<br />
Instabilität {D} * see instability {E}.<br />
instabilité {F} * see break up; instability; jitter {D;E}.<br />
instability {E} * The attribute <strong>of</strong> being unstable{D=<br />
Instabilität; Es= inestabilidad; F= instabilité}.<br />
instable {F} * see unsteady {E}.<br />
instalación en doble fila {Es} * see double shelving {E}.<br />
instalación en doble hilers {Es} * see double shelving {E}.<br />
instalación horizontal {Es} * see flat-filing {E}.<br />
instalación vertical {Es} * see vertical filing {E}.<br />
instalar equipos portátiles para una emisión {Es} * see setup<br />
{E}.<br />
installation {F} * see mounting {E}.<br />
installation de l'équipement {F} * see set-up {E}.<br />
instant replay {E} * A video production technique where<br />
specialized electronic equipment (ei<strong>the</strong>r videotape or disk)<br />
is used <strong>to</strong> repeat segments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> preceding program<br />
rapidly. An example in sports television is <strong>the</strong> repeat <strong>of</strong> an<br />
event in slow motion following its actual live occurrence.<br />
The effect is normally used in slow motion although <strong>the</strong><br />
equipment usually is capable <strong>of</strong> real time, still frame,<br />
reverse, several times real time speed or any increment<br />
<strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong> "Slo-Mo." {D= ?; Es=<br />
reproducción instantánea; F= reproduction instantanée}.<br />
instantánea {Es} * see shot {E}.<br />
instantaneous disc {E} * 1) Disc <strong>of</strong> suitable material <strong>to</strong> be<br />
used for (one) recording and (usually limited numbers <strong>of</strong>)<br />
replay; see also acetate disc; aluminium disc; lacquer disc;<br />
wax disc. 2) A disc recording intended for direct<br />
reproduction without fur<strong>the</strong>r processing. 3) A disc<br />
recording made 'live' at an event, not generally<br />
commercially produced or pressed; also known as direct<br />
recording, spot recording.(04.) {D= Selbstschnittfolte;<br />
Aufnahmeplatte; Es= disco de reproducción inmediata<br />
(instantánea); F= disque à gravure directe}.<br />
Instavisión {Es} * see Instavision {E}.<br />
Instavision {E;F} * An Ampex video cartridge format<br />
intended for <strong>the</strong> consumer market. {D= ?; Es=<br />
Instavisión}.<br />
intalación horizontal {Es} * see horizontal filing {E}.<br />
integración de compresión temporal {Es} * see Time<br />
Compression Integration {E}.<br />
Integración de Compresión Temporal {Es} * see TCI {E}.<br />
integrated circuit {E} * A subminiature, solid state circuit<br />
that consists <strong>of</strong> interconnected semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>rs formed on<br />
a tiny chip <strong>of</strong> silicon.(39.10.) {D= integrierte Schaltung; Es=<br />
circui<strong>to</strong> integrado; F= circuit intégré}.<br />
intégration de compression temporelle {F} * see Time<br />
Compression Integration {E}.<br />
integridad de un fondo {Es} * see archival integrity {E}.<br />
integrierte Schaltung {D} * see integrated circuit {E}.<br />
intégrité du fonds d'archives {F} * see archival integrity {E}.<br />
intensidad luminosa {Es} * see luminous intensity {E}.<br />
intensité {F} * see volume {E;F}.
intensité lumineuse {F} * see luminous intensity {E}.<br />
intention de la lumière {F} * see key light {E}.<br />
Inter-Negativ {D} * see internegative {E}.<br />
interactive media {E} * Programmes or courses <strong>of</strong><br />
instruction with content and output controlled by <strong>the</strong> user.<br />
{D= interaktive Medien; Es= medio interactivo; F= media<br />
interactif}.<br />
interaktive Medien {D} * see interactive media {E}.<br />
interblock gap {E} * A section <strong>of</strong> tape separating blocks <strong>of</strong><br />
information.46. {D= ?; Es= espacio entre bloques (de un<br />
registro magnético); F= espace interbloc}.<br />
intercambio {Es} * see interchange {E}.<br />
interchange {E} * ? The compatibility problem in videotape<br />
decks where one deck will not play <strong>the</strong> tapes made on<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r. {D= ?; Es= intercambio; cambio; permuta; F=<br />
incompatibilité?}.<br />
interconexión estándar para ordenadores personales {Es}<br />
* see small computer standard inter-face (SCSI) {E}.<br />
interespacio (surcos de discos) {Es} * see scroll {E}.<br />
interestratificar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interestratificar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interface numérique AES/UER {F} * see AES/EBU digital<br />
interface {E}.<br />
interfaz digital AES {Es} * see AES/EBU digital interface<br />
{E}.<br />
interférence sur canal commun {F} * see co-channel<br />
interference {E}.<br />
interferencia (imagen de vídeo) {Es} * see glitch {E}.<br />
interferencia {Es} * see jam {E}.<br />
interferencia acústica {Es} * see mo<strong>to</strong>rboating {E}.<br />
interferencia de dos emisoras de televisión {Es} * see cochannel<br />
interference {E}.<br />
interferencia momentánea (señal electrostática) {Es} * see<br />
glitch {E}.<br />
interferir {Es} * see jam {E}.<br />
interfoliar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interfoliar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interior titles {E} * see inner titles/interior titles.<br />
interlace scanning {E} * A scanning process in which <strong>the</strong><br />
distance from center <strong>to</strong> center <strong>of</strong> successively scanned<br />
lines is two or more times <strong>the</strong> nominal line width, and in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> adjacent lines belong <strong>to</strong> different fields. {D= ?;<br />
Es= exploración entrelazada; F= balayage entrelacé}.<br />
interlaced scan {E} * A scanning process in which<br />
successive scanned lines are spaced an integral number<br />
<strong>of</strong> line widths, and in which <strong>the</strong> adjacent lines are scanned<br />
during successive cycles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field frequency. Used <strong>to</strong><br />
eliminate flicker.(10.) {D= ?; Es= exploración entrelazada;<br />
F= balayage entrelacé}.<br />
interlayer transfer {E} * Loose material, such as oxide, that<br />
is generated by tape wear or a head stick condition which<br />
is transfered from <strong>the</strong> oxide <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape or from<br />
126<br />
<strong>the</strong> back side <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> oxide when tape is wound on a<br />
reel.46. {D= ?; Es= capa interna de transferencia ; F=<br />
transfert spire à spire}.<br />
interleaving {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> rearranging data in time.<br />
Upon de-interleaving, errors in consec-utive bits or words<br />
are distribut-ed <strong>to</strong> a wider area <strong>to</strong> guard against<br />
consecutive errors in <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage medium.39. 2) In <strong>the</strong><br />
NTSC television system, two transmitted video fields are<br />
interleaved <strong>to</strong> produce one complete video frame; see also<br />
interlace scanning. {D= ?; Es= interpaginar; interfoliar;<br />
entrelaminar; interestratificar; F= entrelacement}.<br />
interlock {E} * The first synchronous presentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film workprint and <strong>the</strong> soundtrack (on separate films) by<br />
means <strong>of</strong> a mechanical or electrical drive between <strong>the</strong><br />
projec<strong>to</strong>r and <strong>the</strong> sound reproducer.09. {D= ?; Es=<br />
inmovilización; bloqueo; (dispositivo de) enclavamien<strong>to</strong> de<br />
protección; F= verrouillage; couplage; emboîter}.<br />
intermédiaire négatif {F} * see intermediate negative {E}.<br />
intermediate film {E} * The material in film production which<br />
is used between <strong>the</strong> original camera film and <strong>the</strong> projection<br />
and/or use prints. Its purposes are for such as making<br />
master positives from negative materials (negative camera<br />
films, internegatives, colour reversal intermediates, and<br />
duplicate negatives) and for making colour duplicate<br />
negatives from those master positives.(09.) {D=<br />
Farblavendel; Es= película intermedised and <strong>the</strong>n replaced<br />
by <strong>the</strong> next.09. {D= intermittierender Filmlauf; Es= ?; F=<br />
film intermédiaire}.<br />
intermittent {F} * see intermittent movement {E} .<br />
intermittent movement {E} * The mechanism <strong>of</strong> a camera,<br />
printer or projec<strong>to</strong>r by which each frame is held stationary<br />
when exposed and <strong>the</strong>n replaced by <strong>the</strong> next.09. {D=<br />
intermittierender Filmlauf; Es= movimien<strong>to</strong> intermitente; F=<br />
mouvement intermittent}<br />
intermittierender Filmlauf {D} * see intermittent movement<br />
{E}.<br />
intermittierender Filmlauf {D} * see intermittent movement<br />
{E}.<br />
intermodulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (IMD) {E} * 1) Undesired sum<br />
and difference frequencies in an output signal relative <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> input; see also non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.39. 2) Signal<br />
nonlinearity characterized by <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong><br />
frequencies in <strong>the</strong> output equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sums and<br />
differences <strong>of</strong> integral multiples <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> component<br />
frequencies present in <strong>the</strong> input signal.46. {D=<br />
Intermodulations-Verzerrung; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión por [de]<br />
intermodulación; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion d'intermodulation}.<br />
intermodulations-Verzerrung {D} * see intermodulation<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (IMD) {E}.<br />
internal sync {E} * A video sync reference that is coming<br />
from within a piece <strong>of</strong> equipment. {D= ?; Es=<br />
sincronización interior; F= synchro interne}.<br />
international co-production {E} * A term used in movingimage<br />
productions <strong>to</strong> identify a work resulting from <strong>the</strong> joint<br />
efforts <strong>of</strong> two or more production companies based in<br />
different countries.(12.) {D= ?; Es= co-producción<br />
internacional; F= coproduction internationale}.<br />
International Article Number (IAN) {E} * The worldwide<br />
counterpart <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> UPC. Although developed prior <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
IAN, <strong>the</strong> UPC is now a subgroup within IAN and <strong>the</strong> entire<br />
system constitutes a world product code now in use in<br />
Europe, Africa, North and South America, Asia, and <strong>the</strong><br />
Far East. Since <strong>the</strong> UPC did not have sufficient numeric<br />
fields in its manufacturer portion <strong>to</strong> accommodate <strong>the</strong> rest<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world, a thirteenth digit was added at <strong>the</strong> beginning
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> code. This additional digit is not represented by<br />
additional bars and spaces, but is derived from various<br />
symbol patterns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r twelve digits.<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound and <strong>Audiovisual</strong><br />
Archives (IASA) {E} * An international pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
association <strong>of</strong> audio; one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five Non-Governmental<br />
Organizations (NGOs) <strong>of</strong> UNESCO which regularly<br />
participates in <strong>the</strong> Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records.<br />
{D= Internationale Vereinigung der Schall- und<br />
audiovisuellen Archive; Es= Asociación Internacional de<br />
Archivos Sonoros; F= Association Internationale<br />
d'Archives Sonores et Audiovisuelles}.<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound Archives (IASA) {E} *<br />
see International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound and <strong>Audiovisual</strong><br />
Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
International Council on Archives (ICA) {E} * An<br />
international pr<strong>of</strong>essional association concerned with <strong>the</strong><br />
promotion and encouragement <strong>of</strong> all measures for <strong>the</strong><br />
preservation and use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> archival heritage <strong>of</strong> mankind;<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)<br />
<strong>of</strong> UNESCO which regularly participates in <strong>the</strong> Round<br />
Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
International Federation <strong>of</strong> Film Archives (IFFA) {E} * see<br />
Fédération International des Archives du Film (FIAF; IFFA)<br />
{F}.<br />
International Federation <strong>of</strong> Library Associations and<br />
Institutions (IFLA) {E} * A worldwide pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
organization whose objective is <strong>to</strong> promote international<br />
cooperation, discussion, and research in all fields <strong>of</strong> library<br />
activity. The main pr<strong>of</strong>essional group within IFLA which<br />
deals specifically with audiovisual records is <strong>the</strong> Round<br />
Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Media; one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> five Non-<br />
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) <strong>of</strong> UNESCO which<br />
regularly participates in <strong>the</strong> Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong><br />
Records. {D= Internat1ionaler Verband der<br />
biblio<strong>the</strong>karischen Vereine und Institutionen; Es=<br />
Federación Internacional de las Asociaciones de<br />
Bibliotecas y Bibliotecarios; F= Fédération Internationale<br />
des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques}.<br />
International Federation <strong>of</strong> Television Archives (IFTA) {E}<br />
* see Fédération Internationale des Archives de Télévision<br />
(FIAT; IFTA) {F}.<br />
International Federation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Phonographic Industry<br />
(IFPI) {E} * An international non-pr<strong>of</strong>it trade association<br />
founded <strong>to</strong> work for <strong>the</strong> interests and betterment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
international sound recording industry; members are<br />
companies which create, manufacture, and market sound<br />
recordings. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) {E} * The<br />
international code that identifies a book (i.e. a non-serial<br />
literary publication).33. see also standard number. {D=<br />
Internationale Standard-Buchnummer; Es= Numéro<br />
Internacional Normalizado para Libros; F= Numéro<br />
Interntional Normalisé des Livres}.<br />
International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN) {D;E} *<br />
The international numerical code that identifies an audio<br />
publication; see also standard number. {Es= Número<br />
Internacional Normalizado para Documen<strong>to</strong>s; F= Numéro<br />
International Normalisé des Enregistrements}.<br />
International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) {E} * A<br />
code and numerical identifier developed by <strong>the</strong> ISO and<br />
adopted as an international standard in 1986 as a means<br />
<strong>of</strong> identifying all or individual parts <strong>of</strong> audio, video, or<br />
audiovisual recordings internationally throughout <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> recordings. ISRC is intended for use by producers <strong>of</strong><br />
audio, video, or audiovisual recordings as well as by<br />
copyright organizations, broadcasting organizations,<br />
libraries, etc. Prepared and administered by ISO/TC 46,<br />
Documentation, <strong>the</strong> ISRC is formally identified as<br />
127<br />
International Standard ISO 3901.<br />
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E} * The<br />
international numerical code that identifies a serial<br />
publication.33. see also standard number. {D=<br />
Internationale Standard-Serienummer; Es= Numéro<br />
Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas o<br />
Revistas; F= Numéro International Normalisé des<br />
Publications en Série}<br />
Internationale Standard-Buchnummer (ISBN) {D} * see<br />
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) {E}.<br />
Internationale Standard-Serienummer (ISSN) {D} * see<br />
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E}.<br />
Internationale Standard-Serienummer (ISSN) {D} * see<br />
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E}.<br />
Internationale Vereinigung der Schall- und audiovisuellen<br />
Archive {D} * see International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound and<br />
<strong>Audiovisual</strong> Archives (IASA) {E}.<br />
Internationale Vereinigung der Schallarchive {D} * see<br />
International Association <strong>of</strong> Sound Archives (IASA).<br />
Internationaler Verband der biblio<strong>the</strong>karischen Vereine<br />
und Institutionen {D} * see International Federation <strong>of</strong><br />
Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) {E}.<br />
internationales Tonband {D} * see music and effects track<br />
{E}.<br />
internégatif {F} * see dupe (duplicate); dupe negative;<br />
internegative {E}.<br />
internegative {E} * 1) A colour negative made from a colour<br />
positive.09. 2) In a two-stage duplication <strong>of</strong> a print <strong>the</strong> first<br />
copy is made on a negative film and is called <strong>the</strong><br />
internegative from which a duplicate print is made.05. 3) A<br />
negative derived from a reversal original film; also known<br />
as a colour reversal internegative (CRI)(06.) {D= Inter-<br />
Negativ; Farb-Dup-Negativ; Es= negativo intermedio;<br />
internegativo; F= négatif intermédiaire; internégatif}.<br />
internegativo {Es} * see internegative {E}.<br />
internegativo {Es} * see internegative {E}.<br />
interno {Es} * see inside margin {E}.<br />
interpaginar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interpaginar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.<br />
interplage {F} * see rill; scroll {E}.<br />
interpolación {Es} * see interpolation {D;E;F}.<br />
interpolation {D;E;F} * 1) A method <strong>of</strong> substituting<br />
estimated values for missing or erroneous data; an error<br />
concealment technique. 2) In computer animation, <strong>the</strong><br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic generation <strong>of</strong> graphics or action <strong>to</strong> complete <strong>the</strong><br />
sequence between specified frames.(39.10.) {Es=<br />
interpolación}.<br />
interpositif {F} * see interpositive {E}.<br />
Interpositiv {D} * see interpositive {E}.<br />
interpositive {E} * 1) Any positive duplicate <strong>of</strong> a film used<br />
for fur<strong>the</strong>r printing.09. 2) In a two-stage duplication <strong>of</strong> a<br />
negative <strong>the</strong> first copy is made on a positive film and is<br />
called <strong>the</strong> interpositive from which <strong>the</strong> copy or duplicate<br />
negative is made.05. The film positive is made from a<br />
negative by contact printing or through an optical system<br />
(i.e., camera or enlarger). Copy negatives can be made<br />
from <strong>the</strong> interpositive.43. 3) A colour positive designed for
duplicating purposes, made <strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong> negative.06. {D=<br />
Interpositiv; Es= interpositivo; F= interpositif; positif<br />
intermédiaire}.<br />
interpositivo {Es} * see interpositive {E}.<br />
interpretación {Es} * see cast {E}.<br />
interprète {F} * see cast; performer; player {E}.<br />
intérprete {Es} * see performer {E}.<br />
interrupción {Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p {D;E}. here March 30, 1998<br />
interrup<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see key; routing switcher; switcher {E}.<br />
interrup<strong>to</strong>r para hacer fundidos (vídeo) {Es} * see dissolve<br />
(1, 2) {E}.<br />
intersection {F} * see overlap sound {E}.<br />
intersection {F} * see overlap sound {E}.<br />
intersincronizador {Es} * see gen-lock {E}.<br />
intersurco (empalme entre cortes de un disco) {Es} * see<br />
rill {E}.<br />
intertitle rolls/title bands {E} * In moving-image productions<br />
<strong>the</strong> printed titles that have been separated from <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
corresponding picture.12. {D= ?; Es= rollos de intertítulo;<br />
bandas de título; F= intertitres}.<br />
intertitles/interior titles {E} * Titles within <strong>the</strong> main body <strong>of</strong><br />
a motion-picture film, such as dialogues, continuity, and<br />
informational titles. Silent film used intertitles<br />
extensively.(12.) {D= ?; Es= intertítulo; títulos interiores; F=<br />
intertitres}.<br />
intertitres {F} * see intertitle rolls/title bands;<br />
intertitles/interior titles {E}.<br />
intertítulo {Es} * see intertitles/interior titles {E}.<br />
intervalle de trame {F} * see vertical interval {E}.<br />
intervalo de densidades extremas {Es} * see density range<br />
{E}.<br />
intervalo horizontal {Es} * see horizontal interval {E}.<br />
intervalo <strong>to</strong>nal {Es} * see <strong>to</strong>nal range {E}.<br />
intervalo vertical {Es} * see vertical interval {E}.<br />
intrinsic coercivity {E} * see coercivity.<br />
intrinsic flux {E} * In a uniformly magnetized sample <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic material, <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intrinsic flux density<br />
and <strong>the</strong> cross-sectional area.46. {D= magnetischer Fluß;<br />
Es= flujo intrínseco; F= flux intrinsèque}.<br />
intrinsic value {E} * Term used <strong>to</strong> define or describe <strong>the</strong><br />
qualities <strong>of</strong> archival materials. Records have varying<br />
degrees <strong>of</strong> intrinsic value based on such fac<strong>to</strong>rs as<br />
uniqueness or value <strong>of</strong> informational content, age, physical<br />
format, artistic or aes<strong>the</strong>tic qualities, and scarcity.<br />
Determination <strong>of</strong> intrinsic value is closely linked <strong>to</strong><br />
decisions regarding preservation and physical treatment.<br />
Materials having high intrinsic value generally warrant<br />
preservation in <strong>the</strong>ir original format, while records<br />
designated as having little or no intrinsic value <strong>of</strong>ten can<br />
be copied <strong>to</strong> preserve informational content.44. {D= ?; Es=<br />
valor intrínseco; F= vameur intrinsèque}.<br />
inutilisé {F} * see blank {E}.<br />
invadir {Es} * see infringe {E}.<br />
128<br />
inventario analítico {Es} * see descriptive list {E}.<br />
inventario cronológico {Es} * see chronological inven<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
{E}.<br />
inventario de entrega {Es} * see checklist {E}.<br />
inventario de transferencia {Es} * see checklist {E}.<br />
inventario somero {Es} * see checklist {E}.<br />
inven<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * 1) A finding aid listing and describing in<br />
varying degrees <strong>of</strong> detail <strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong> one or more<br />
record/archive groups, fonds, classes, or series, usually<br />
including a brief his<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> organization and functions<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> originating body, and, if appropriate, indexes. 2) A<br />
document containing a list <strong>of</strong> things, e.g. furniture,<br />
equipment, with an indication <strong>of</strong> value; see also<br />
cataloguing.(22.23.) {D= 1) Inventar; Reper<strong>to</strong>rium; 2)<br />
Inventar; Es= 1 & 2) inventario; F= inventaire}.<br />
inversion latérale (gauche - droite) {F} * see lateral reversal<br />
{E}.<br />
inversión lateral {Es} * see lateral reversal {E}.<br />
inverter {E} * A device <strong>to</strong> change one type <strong>of</strong> electrical<br />
current <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. Frequently used <strong>to</strong> obtain 110 or 220<br />
volts alternating current for operation <strong>of</strong> electric equipment<br />
in an au<strong>to</strong>mobile.50. {D= ?; Es= invertidor; F=<br />
transformateur}.<br />
invertidor {Es} * see inverter {E}.<br />
investigador {Es} * see reader; user {E}.<br />
inviolability {E} * see inalienability.<br />
IO {E} * acronym for image orthicon; input/output.<br />
ion de thiosulfate résiduel {F} * see residual thiosulphate<br />
ion {E}.<br />
ion spot {E} * A spot on <strong>the</strong> fluorescent surface <strong>of</strong> a<br />
cathode-ray tube, which is somewhat darker than <strong>the</strong><br />
surrounding area because <strong>of</strong> bombardment by negative<br />
ions that reduce <strong>the</strong> sensitivity. {D= ?; Es= mancha iónica;<br />
mancha oscura; F= spot ionique}.<br />
ion trap {E} * An arrangement <strong>of</strong> magnetic fields and<br />
apertures that will allow an electron beam <strong>to</strong> pass through<br />
but will obstruct <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> ions. {D= ?; Es= trampa<br />
iónica (de iones); (dispositivo) atrapa iones; F= système<br />
de blocage des ions}.<br />
iones residuales de tiosulfa<strong>to</strong> {Es} * see residual<br />
thiosulphate ion {E}.<br />
IPS {E} * acronym for inches per second.<br />
IRE {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Institute <strong>of</strong> Radio Engineers;<br />
see IEEE. see also échelle d'amplitude de moniteurs de<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>il {F}.<br />
IRE {D;E;F;Es} * acronym for Institute <strong>of</strong> Radio Engineers;<br />
<strong>the</strong> acronyms IRE and IEEE remain in use<br />
interchangeably; see also IEEE.<br />
IRE scale {E} * A measurement <strong>of</strong> units <strong>of</strong> video<br />
information on <strong>the</strong> waveform moni<strong>to</strong>r graticule. One volt <strong>of</strong><br />
video is divided in<strong>to</strong> 140 IRE units. {D= ?; Es= escala IRE;<br />
F= échelle IRE}<br />
Iris {D} * see diaphragm {E}.<br />
iris-in/iris-out {E} * An old technique in motion picture film<br />
production <strong>of</strong> punctuation which utilized a diaphragm in<br />
front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens which was opened (iris in) or closed (iris
out) <strong>to</strong> begin or end a scene. The 'iris out' can also be<br />
used <strong>to</strong> focus attention on a detail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene.(30.) {D=<br />
?; abblenden; ausblenden; Es= abertura en iris; cierre en<br />
iris; F= ouverture (graduelle) d'iris; fermeture (graduelle)<br />
d'iris; fermeture à l'iris}.<br />
iron oxide {E} * see ferric oxide.<br />
ISB {D} * acronym for Internationale Standard-<br />
Buchnummer {D}.<br />
ISBN {E} * acronym for International Standard Book<br />
Numbering.<br />
ISO {E} * acronym for Organization for International<br />
Standardization.<br />
ISO 3901 {D;E;Es;F} * Abbreviation <strong>of</strong> International<br />
Standard Recording Code (ISRC).<br />
isolant optique {F} * see op<strong>to</strong>-isola<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
isolated camera {E} * A video production technique where<br />
one camera is selected for continuous use or recording<br />
despite <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> multiple cameras for <strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
program. {D= ?; Es= repetidor de vídeo de cinta sin fin; F=<br />
caméra isolée}.<br />
ISRC {E} * acronym for International Standard Recording<br />
Code.<br />
ISRN {E} * acronym for International Standard Record<br />
Numbering.<br />
ISSN {E} * acronym for International Standard Serial<br />
Numbering.<br />
issue {E} * Those copies <strong>of</strong> an audio or moving-image<br />
production that were <strong>of</strong>fered for distribution and/or sale by<br />
a specific source or combination <strong>of</strong> sources at a single<br />
time.(12.) {D= Ausgabe; Es= emisión; envío; F= copie<br />
(distribution / commercialisation)}.<br />
issue number {E} * also known as order number. 1) The<br />
number/s, letter/s, and/or o<strong>the</strong>r symbols assigned <strong>to</strong> a<br />
publication by <strong>the</strong> publisher <strong>to</strong> establish a unique control<br />
<strong>of</strong> a particular publication. 2) The number, different from<br />
<strong>the</strong> matrix- master- or plate-number/s, assigned by <strong>the</strong><br />
publisher under which an item appears listed in<br />
catalogues, leaflets, and o<strong>the</strong>r publicity material issued by<br />
<strong>the</strong> company owning <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording. Usually<br />
common <strong>to</strong> all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> issued item, appearing<br />
generally on each part <strong>of</strong> a multi-part package as well as<br />
on <strong>the</strong> container for <strong>the</strong> multiple parts. This number may<br />
change when (if) one or more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parts are reissued or<br />
released again at a later date. Recordings have from time<br />
<strong>to</strong> time been issued with <strong>the</strong> same issue number, both<br />
inadvertently and deliberately. Dubbings are sometimes<br />
assigned <strong>the</strong> original issue number, but frequently with a<br />
variant prefix or suffix; also known as catalogue<br />
number.(04.) {D= ?; Es= número de emisión; F= 1)<br />
numéro de catalogue 2) numéro de matrice; numéro<br />
d'écoulement; numéro d'ordre}.<br />
IT-Band {D} * see music and effects track {E}.<br />
item {E} * 1) A document, group <strong>of</strong> documents, or a part <strong>of</strong><br />
a document in any physical form, considered as an entity<br />
and, as such, forming <strong>the</strong> basis for a single bibliographic<br />
description.12. 2) The basic unit <strong>of</strong> arrangement and<br />
description, usually bearing its own, unique reference or<br />
call number; in <strong>the</strong> U.K., also called piece.(22.23.) {D=<br />
Verzeichnungseinheit; Schriftstück; Stück; Einheit; Es=<br />
documen<strong>to</strong>; pieza; F= article; pièce}.<br />
j ---<br />
j card {E} * The liner notes card <strong>of</strong> an audio cassette<br />
129<br />
package; so called because when viewed from <strong>the</strong> side <strong>the</strong><br />
card looks like <strong>the</strong> letter 'j' due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> manner in which it is<br />
folded <strong>to</strong> fit in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cassette container <strong>to</strong> provide both<br />
cover and spine for <strong>the</strong> cassette package. {D= ?; Es=<br />
tarjeta J; F= encart J; feuillet J}.<br />
jack {E;Es} * 1) A socket in<strong>to</strong> which connec<strong>to</strong>rs are<br />
inserted <strong>to</strong> make electrical contact.39. 2) Receptacle or<br />
plug connec<strong>to</strong>r leading <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> input or output circuit <strong>of</strong> a<br />
tape recorder or o<strong>the</strong>r component.50. {D= ?; Es=<br />
conjun<strong>to</strong>r; F= fiche jack}.<br />
jack de interconexión (de circui<strong>to</strong>s) {Es} * see patch jack<br />
{E}.<br />
jacket {E} * A flat container, as <strong>the</strong> jacket for a record, for<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/fiche; see also album; dust jacket; film jacket;<br />
slipcase. {D= ?; Es= envoltura; F= chemise}.<br />
jacket {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket {E}.<br />
jacket cover {E} * see dust jacket.<br />
jacket de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm {Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket {E}.<br />
jacketed film {E} * see film jacket.<br />
jam {E} * A s<strong>to</strong>ppage <strong>of</strong> a film or tape recording or<br />
playback because <strong>of</strong> film/tape wedged in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mechanism<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equipment. {D= ?; Es= interferencia; interferir; F=<br />
bourrage; blocage}.<br />
jam sync {E} * A feature <strong>of</strong> a Time Code Genera<strong>to</strong>r which<br />
allows it <strong>to</strong> strip and replace <strong>the</strong> original time code signal<br />
on a videotape that matches <strong>the</strong> original address<br />
information. {D= ?; Es= sincronización de interferencia; F=<br />
resynchronisation; régénération synchro}.<br />
jitter {D;E} * An unsteady film or television picture. Small<br />
rapid variations in a video waveform due <strong>to</strong> mechanical<br />
disturbances or <strong>to</strong> changes in <strong>the</strong> supply voltages, in <strong>the</strong><br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> components, etc. {Es= fluctuación;<br />
vibración (de la imagen); sacudidas (de la imagen); F=<br />
fluctuations temporelles; instabilité}.<br />
joints de diaphragme {F} * see diaphragm gaskets {E}.<br />
joue {F} * see flange {E}.<br />
joue de bobine {F} * see reel flange {E}.<br />
journal télévisé {F} * see television news {E}.<br />
JPEG {E} * acronym for Joint Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic Experts Group.<br />
JPEG compression {E} * A scheme for compressing<br />
digitized grey-scale and colour still-images. {D= ?; Es=<br />
compresión JPEG; F= compression JPEG}.<br />
juego de discos múltiple {Es} * see box (3) {E}.<br />
juego de materiales {Es} * see kit {E}.<br />
jump cut {E} * A moving-image production change which<br />
is used <strong>to</strong> eliminate unwanted time in a scene, such as <strong>the</strong><br />
dead period between <strong>the</strong> time a character enters a room<br />
and <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong>y reach <strong>the</strong>ir destination on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room. Most jump cuts are unobtrusive because we<br />
adjust <strong>to</strong> this 'lost' time au<strong>to</strong>matically and psychologically,<br />
but <strong>the</strong>y may be intentionally inserted where <strong>the</strong>y would be<br />
apparent for particular reasons or purposes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
production. {D= ?; Es= sal<strong>to</strong> de imagen; F= faux raccord;<br />
saut de montage}.<br />
juntas para diafragmas {Es} * see diaphragm gaskets {E}.<br />
juridiction archivistique {F} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.
juridiction en matière de succession des archives? {F} *<br />
see archival succession {E}.<br />
jurisdicción archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.<br />
jurisdición archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.<br />
k ---<br />
k {E} * abbreviation for kilo.<br />
Kalibrieren {D} * see calibrate {E}.<br />
Kaltleim {D} * see cold-setting adhesive {E}.<br />
Kalvar film {E} * see vesicular film.<br />
Kamera {D} * see camera {E}.<br />
Kamerawagen {D} * see dolly {E;Es}.<br />
Kammfilter {D} * see comb filter {E}.<br />
Kanal {D} * see channel {E}.<br />
Kanaltrennung {D} * see separation; channel separation<br />
{E}.<br />
Kanalübersprechen {D} * see stereophonic crosstalk {E}.<br />
Kante (Bande) {D} * see edge {E}.<br />
kappen {D} * see truncate {E}.<br />
Kar<strong>to</strong>n {D} * see box {E}.<br />
Kassation {D} * see destruction {E}.<br />
Kassette {D} * see cartridge; cassette {E;F}; magazine<br />
{E;Es;F}.<br />
Kasten {D} * see pan {E}.<br />
Katalog {D} * see catalogue {E;F}.<br />
katalogisieren {D} * see cataloguing {E}.<br />
Katalognummer {D} * see catalogue number (cat. no.) {E}.<br />
Katastrophenplan {D} * see disaster control plan {E}.<br />
Kathodenstrahl-Röhre {D} * see cathode-ray tube (CRT)<br />
{E}.<br />
Keith Monk's record cleaning machine {E} * see vacuum<br />
type record cleaning machine {E}.<br />
Kelvin (grados) {Es} * see Kelvin {E}.<br />
Kelvin {D;E} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.<br />
Kern {D} * see core; hub {E}.<br />
key {E} * The process <strong>of</strong> combining <strong>the</strong> picture from two<br />
video sources which keeps <strong>the</strong> desired parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
individual pictures at 100 percent, by electronically<br />
replacing portions <strong>of</strong> one signal with portions <strong>of</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
Keying can be done based on <strong>the</strong> relative luminance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
various signals or <strong>the</strong> chrominance, as in chroma key. {D=<br />
?; Es= llave; pulsador; interrup<strong>to</strong>r; F= incrustation}.<br />
key light {E} * The main light on a subject. Usually placed<br />
at a 45° angle <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera-subject plane; see also back<br />
light; filler light; high key light. 'Cross-lighting' is lighting<br />
from <strong>the</strong> side; 'Top lighting' is lighting from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p.(09.30.)<br />
2) The lighting effect indicating <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major<br />
source <strong>of</strong> illumination in a video scene. {D= Grundlickt;<br />
130<br />
Es= luz base o principal; iluminación principal; F= lumière<br />
de base; lumière dominante; éclairement sur le plan<br />
principal; intention de la lumière}.<br />
key numbers {E} * see edge numbers.<br />
key title {E} * The unique name assigned <strong>to</strong> a serial by <strong>the</strong><br />
International Serials Data System and inseparably<br />
associated with its ISSN.12. {D= ?; Es= título base o<br />
principal; F= titre-clé}.<br />
keys<strong>to</strong>ning {E} * A dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> a video display when <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>p or bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image is compressed or less than <strong>the</strong><br />
full width. {D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong> trapecial; adovelamien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion trapézoïdale de l'image}.<br />
keyword {E} * A word or phrase, usually taken from <strong>the</strong> title<br />
or text <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item, characterizing its content and facilitating<br />
its retrieval; frequently used in context <strong>of</strong> a computer<br />
database reference.(22.23.) {D/Ö= Schlagwort; D=<br />
Stichwort; Es= palabra clave; F= mot clé; clé}.<br />
kg {E} * abbreviation for kilogram.<br />
kHz {E} * abbreviation for kiloHertz.<br />
kilo {F} * see kilo- (k) {D;E}.<br />
kilo- (k) {D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one thousand.<br />
kiloHertz (kHz) {D;E;F} * 1,000 cycles per second.39. {Es=<br />
kilohertzio}.<br />
kilohertzio {Es} * see kiloHertz (kHz) {D;E}.<br />
kine {E} * abbreviation for kinescope. {E;F} {D= ?; Es=<br />
cinescopio; F= kiné; kinescope}.<br />
kine {E} * see kinescope film.<br />
kiné {F} * see kine {E}.<br />
Kinema<strong>to</strong>graphie {D} * see cinemagraphic;<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy {E}.<br />
kinescop {E} * see film-<strong>to</strong>-tape transfer {E}.<br />
kinescope (à masque d'ombre) {F} * see shadow-mask<br />
kinescope {E}.<br />
kinescope {E;F} * abbreviated kine. 1) The process <strong>of</strong><br />
recording or transferring video <strong>to</strong> a 16 mm film by<br />
displaying <strong>the</strong> video on a video moni<strong>to</strong>r and scanning <strong>the</strong><br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r face with a film camera. 2) The film produced by<br />
this process. 3) A television picture tube. {D= ?; Es=<br />
cinescopio}.<br />
kinescope {F} * see also transfer {E}.<br />
kinescope film {E;F} * 1) A particular type <strong>of</strong> motion picture<br />
film made for optimum filming from a television<br />
screen.(07.) 2) Blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive film,<br />
characterized by high resolving power and sharpness,<br />
used primarily for pho<strong>to</strong>graphing images from cathode-ray<br />
tubes (CRT) having ei<strong>the</strong>r p-1 (blue) or p-16 (ultraviolet)<br />
phosphors; also known as kines.(09.) {D= Fernsehfilm;<br />
T.V.-Film; Filmaufzeichung (FAZ); Es= película<br />
kinescópica; telefilm; kinescopio; F= téléfilm}.<br />
kinescopio {Es} * see kinescope film {E;F}.<br />
kino-eye {E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first cinema-verite approaches <strong>to</strong><br />
film aes<strong>the</strong>tics, developed by Dziga Ver<strong>to</strong>v in <strong>the</strong><br />
1920s.(30.) {D= ?; Es= célula kinescópica; F= cinéma<br />
vérité ?}.<br />
Kin<strong>of</strong>ilm {D} * see cinefilm {E}.
kit {E;F} * 1) An item containing two or more categories <strong>of</strong><br />
material, no one <strong>of</strong> which is identifiable as <strong>the</strong> predominant<br />
constituent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item; also designated 'multimedia item.'<br />
2) A single-medium package <strong>of</strong> textual material (e.g., a<br />
'lab' kit, a set <strong>of</strong> activity cards).03. {D= ?; Es= estuche;<br />
juego de materiales; F= pochette}.<br />
Klangregler {D} * see <strong>to</strong>ne control {E}.<br />
Klappe {D} * see clapper board {E}.<br />
Klassifikation {D} * see classification {E;F}.<br />
Klassifizieren {D} * see classification {E;F}.<br />
Klavierrolle {D} * see piano roll {E}.<br />
Klavierwalze {D} * see piano roll {E}.<br />
Klebeband {D} * see splicing tape {E}.<br />
Kleben {D} * see splicing {E}.<br />
Klebepresse {D} * see splicer {E}.<br />
Klebeschiene {D} * see splicer; splicing block {E}.<br />
Klebeschiene für Tonbänder {D} * see splicer {E}.<br />
Klebeverbindung {D} * see splicing {E}.<br />
Klebstelle {D} * see splice {E}.<br />
Klebst<strong>of</strong>f {D} * see adhesive {E}.<br />
klimatische Betriebsbedingungen {D} * see operating<br />
environment {E}.<br />
klimatische Versandbedingungen {D} * see shipping<br />
environment {E}.<br />
Klinkenstecker {D} * see phone plug {E}.<br />
knicken {D} * see buckle {E}.<br />
Kobalt-dotiertes Oxid {D} * see cobalt-doped oxide {E}.<br />
Kobaltdotierung {D} * see cobalt doping {E}.<br />
Koerzitivkraft {D} * see coercivity {E}.<br />
Köfferchen {D} * see box {E}.<br />
Kohlezeichnung {D} * see charcoal drawing {E}.<br />
kolloidal {D} * see colloid {E}.<br />
Kommanditist {D} * see sponsor {E}.<br />
Kompaktersystem {D} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
Kompaktkassette {D} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.<br />
Kompaktregal {D} * see compact shelving {E}.<br />
Kompilation {D} * see compilation {E;F}.<br />
Komponenten-Signaldarstellung {D} * see component<br />
coding {E}.<br />
Kompression {D} * see compression {E;F}.<br />
Konserva<strong>to</strong>r {D} * see conserva<strong>to</strong>r {E}.<br />
Konservierung .{D} * see archive conservation .{E}.<br />
Konservierung {D} * see archive conservation;<br />
conservation {E;F}. preservation {E;F}.<br />
131<br />
konstante Lineargeschwindigkeit {D} * see constant linear<br />
velocity (CLV) {E}.<br />
konstante Winkelgeschwindigkeit {D} * see constant<br />
angular velocity (CAV) {E}.<br />
Kontaktkopie {D} * see contact copy; contact paper {E}.<br />
Kontaktkopieren {D} * see contact copy {E}.<br />
Kontinuität {D} * see continuity {E}.<br />
Kontrast {D} * see contrast {E}.<br />
Kontrolliste {D} * see checklist {E}.<br />
Konzentrizität {D} * see concentricity {E}.<br />
Konzept {D} * see draft {E}.<br />
Kopf {D} * see head {E}.<br />
kopfbezogene Stereophonie {D} * see binaural {E}.<br />
Kopfhörer {D} * see headphones {E}.<br />
Kopfjustage {D} * see head alignment; zenith adjustment<br />
{E}.<br />
Kopfspuren {D} * see head banding {E}.<br />
Kopfträger {D} * see mounting plate {E}.<br />
Kopfverschmutzung {D} * see head clog {E}.<br />
Kopie {D} * see copy; print; transfer {E}.<br />
Kopiereffekt {D} * see echo {D;E}; print-through {E}.<br />
Kopierung {D} * see printing {E}.<br />
Koproducktion {D} * see co-production {E}.<br />
Korn {D} * see grain {E;F}.<br />
Kracker {D} * see static {E}.<br />
Kracks {D} * see crackle {E}.<br />
kraft paper {E} * A paper produced by a modified sulphate<br />
process, and employing only wood pulp. It is a relatively<br />
coarse paper and is known especially for its strength. Its<br />
natural unbleached colour is brown, but it can be produced<br />
in lighter shades <strong>of</strong> brown, cream tints, and white, by <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> semi-bleached or fully bleached sulphate pulps.45.<br />
{D= ?; Es= papel kraft; F= papier kraft; d'emballage}.<br />
Kratzer {D} * see scratch {E}.<br />
Kräuseln {D} * see cockle/cockling; curl/curling {E}.<br />
Kreidezeichnung {D} * see chalk drawing {E}.<br />
Kristallmikrophon {D} * see ceramic microphone; crystal<br />
mic/mike {E}.<br />
krümmen {D} * see buckle {E}.<br />
Kry<strong>to</strong>x {D;E;Es;F} * An industrial lubricant, made <strong>of</strong><br />
fluorocarbons by Dupont, used in conjunction with o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
compounds <strong>to</strong> clean metallic media such as magnetic<br />
tapes.(07.)<br />
Kunstkopf {D} * see dummyhead {E}.<br />
künstliche Alterung {D} * see accelerated ageing {E}.<br />
Kunstst<strong>of</strong>f {D} * see plastic {E}.
Kuppler {D} * see coupler {E}.<br />
Kurbel {D} * see crank handle {E}.<br />
kur<strong>to</strong>sis (degré de régularité d'un spectre) {F} * see<br />
kur<strong>to</strong>sis {E}.<br />
kur<strong>to</strong>sis {E} * The degree <strong>of</strong> relative peakedness or<br />
flatness <strong>of</strong> a frequency distribution.01. {D= ?; Es= cur<strong>to</strong>sis;<br />
F= kur<strong>to</strong>sis (degré de régularité d'un spectre)}.<br />
l ---<br />
l-cassette {E} * see cassette.<br />
la distribution {F} * see talent {E}.<br />
la realización del orificio {Es} * see centring <strong>of</strong> disc (3) {E}.<br />
label {E} * 1) Any affixed paper, plastic, slip, ribbon, etc.,<br />
connected in a permanent manner at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong><br />
production by <strong>the</strong> manufacturer, crea<strong>to</strong>r, or <strong>the</strong> individual<br />
responsible for <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item.(04@a.22.) 2) In<br />
disc sound recordings, normally a round paper disc affixed<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> centre, unrecorded surface <strong>of</strong> a disc recording and<br />
containing some or all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant artifact<br />
documentation/identifying information (i.e., label name,<br />
issue number, matrix number, take number, trade mark,<br />
statement <strong>of</strong> creation and/or performance, title content<br />
information, place/date <strong>of</strong> recording, publication/copyright<br />
data, et al.); also known as record label.(04.) 3) In<br />
au<strong>to</strong>mated data processing, a code use <strong>to</strong> identify an item<br />
<strong>of</strong> data, an area <strong>of</strong> memory, a record, or a file.(22.) {D=<br />
Etikett; Es= rotulación; identificación; tejuelo; etiqueta; F=<br />
label; étiquette}.<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ry {E} * An establishment organized and equipped<br />
<strong>to</strong> provide services. In audiovisual archives <strong>the</strong>se services<br />
may be directed at such as research, re-recording or<br />
duplication, or processing motion picture film, pro-ducing<br />
pre-release duplicating inter-negatives, master positives,<br />
duplicate negatives, and workprints, as well as completed<br />
release prints for distribu-tion. {D= Labora<strong>to</strong>rium; Es=<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>rio; F= labora<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ry applied edge numbering {E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ways<br />
in which edge numbering is applied <strong>to</strong> motion picture film.<br />
In this process <strong>the</strong> film is numbered in addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
numbering applied in <strong>the</strong> manufacturing process, generally<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film with yellow ink opposite from<br />
<strong>the</strong> manufacturer's numbering.(09.) {D= ?; Es= proceso de<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>rio para numerar la película en sus bordes; F=<br />
numéro de bord de labora<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ry film {E} * 1) Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film which is used <strong>to</strong><br />
produce <strong>the</strong> intermediate stages needed in <strong>the</strong> lab for<br />
special effects, titling, etc., once a motion picture scene<br />
has been captured on camera film and has been edited<br />
from a workprint. The use <strong>of</strong> intermediate film also protects<br />
<strong>the</strong> valuable original footage from potential damage during<br />
<strong>the</strong> printing process.(09.) 2) The film used in <strong>the</strong> labora<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
<strong>to</strong> produce special effects, titling, etc. {D= ?; Es= película<br />
de labora<strong>to</strong>rio; F= film de labora<strong>to</strong>ire}<br />
Lackfolie {D} * see lacquer disc {E}.<br />
lacquer disc {E} * A recording disc, ei<strong>the</strong>r single or double<br />
sided, made with a core <strong>of</strong> metal, glass, or fibre and<br />
coated with a lacquer compound, usually acetate or<br />
cellulose nitrate, in<strong>to</strong> which grooves are cut; intended for<br />
instantaneous recording. Following <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a wax<br />
master and until Direct Metal Mastering became prevalent<br />
<strong>the</strong> lacquer disc was, also, <strong>the</strong> first step in <strong>the</strong> record<br />
production procedure leading <strong>to</strong> final pressed recordings.<br />
Before <strong>the</strong> introduction and acceptance <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape<br />
it was <strong>the</strong> most widely used form <strong>of</strong> instantaneous<br />
recording; also referred <strong>to</strong> as acetate disc {E/US}.(04.) {D=<br />
132<br />
Lackfolie; Selbstschnittfolie; Azetatplatte; Es= disco<br />
laqueado; F= disque de laque}<br />
lacune {F} * see void {E}.<br />
lado emulsión {Es} * see emulsion side {E}.<br />
lado soporte {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.<br />
Ladung {D} * see charge {E}.<br />
lag {E} * In a video camera tube, a persistence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
electrical charge image for a small number <strong>of</strong> frames. The<br />
visual effect is that <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene remains for a<br />
short time after <strong>the</strong> scene is changed. A camera tube with<br />
lag is also referred <strong>to</strong> as being "sticky". {D= ?; Es= retraso;<br />
retardo; retardación (de movimien<strong>to</strong>); F= traînage; défaut<br />
de persistance sur le tube}.<br />
Lagerbedingungen {D} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage environment {E}.<br />
Lagersignatur {D} * see address {E;F}.<br />
Lagerung 'auf Lücke' {D} * see honeycombing {E}.<br />
Lagerung {D} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage {E}.<br />
lagging {E} * see image retention.<br />
laguna {Es} * see void {E}.<br />
lame quart d'onde {F} * see quarter wave plate (QWP) {E}.<br />
lame semi-transparente {F} * see beam splitter {E}.<br />
lámina de aceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa * see cellulose acetate {E}.<br />
laminación {Es} * see lamination {E}.<br />
laminado por adhesión {Es} * see laminate adhesion {E}.<br />
láminas transparentes {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.<br />
laminate adhesion {E} * The sticking <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> layers <strong>of</strong><br />
a laminated recording achieved through <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a<br />
binder; see also delamination.04. {D= ?; Es= laminado por<br />
adhesión; F= adhérence de spires; laminée}.<br />
laminated disc {E} * A recording medium composed <strong>of</strong><br />
several layers <strong>of</strong> material held <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r by a binder. CDs,<br />
Diamond Discs, and lacquer discs, for example, are<br />
laminated.04. {D= laminierte Platte; Es= disco laminado;<br />
F= disque laminé; disque feuilleté; laminé}.<br />
lamination {E;F} * 1) A method <strong>of</strong> protecting or reinforcing<br />
a weak or damaged document by enclosing it between two<br />
sheets <strong>of</strong> thin tissue, attached <strong>to</strong> paper materials, for<br />
example, by such measures as <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic systems,<br />
involving <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a heated press <strong>to</strong> melt hot-melt<br />
adhesives or cellulose acetate, and hand or solvent<br />
lamination in which <strong>the</strong> adhesion is created by placing a<br />
sheet <strong>of</strong> cellulose acetate between <strong>the</strong> tissue and <strong>the</strong><br />
document and applying ace<strong>to</strong>ne.(22.) 2) To make by<br />
building up in layers. {D= Laminierung; Es= laminación}.<br />
laminierte Platte {D} * see laminated disc {E}.<br />
Laminierung {D} * see lamination {E}.<br />
lámpara de 1000 vatios montada sobre un pedestal {Es}<br />
* see can (1)(2)(3) {E}.<br />
lámpara de arco {Es} * see arc lamp {E}.<br />
lampe à arc {F} * see arc lamp {E}.<br />
lampe à vide {F} * see vacuum tube {E}.
lampe de sécurité {F} * see safelight {E}.<br />
lampe flood {F} * see scoop {E}.<br />
Lampenkohle {D} * see carbon-arc lamps {E}.<br />
land {E;F} * The reflective substrate between pits on <strong>the</strong><br />
CD data surface.39. {D= ?; Es= paso; sustra<strong>to</strong> reflectante<br />
entre los agujeros pequeños de la superficie de los CD; F=<br />
plat}.<br />
langspiel {D} * see long-play (Lp) {E}.<br />
Langspielplatte {D} * see long-play; long-playing record<br />
(Lp) {E}.<br />
Langspielplatte {D} * see long-playing record {E}.<br />
Längsrichtung {D} * see longitudinal direction {E}.<br />
lantern slide {E} * A positive transparency on a thin glass<br />
or plastic 3¼ x 4-inch slide designed for projection,<br />
originally by a magic lantern. {D= Glasbild; Diapositiv; Es=<br />
diapositiva (de proyección); F= diapositive; cliché de<br />
projection}.<br />
lanterne à arc {F} * see arc lamp {E}.<br />
lanterne magique {F} * see magic lantern {E}.<br />
lanzadera {Es} * see shuttle {E}.<br />
lanzamien<strong>to</strong> (bobinado y rebobinado de una cinta de vídeo<br />
a alta velocidad) {Es} * see shuttle {E}.<br />
lap dissolve {E} * see dissolve.<br />
lap marks {E} * The longitudinal impressions on film<br />
created by defective rollers during processing.01. {D= ?;<br />
Es= marcos de superposición; F= marques; rayures<br />
verticales}.<br />
lap splice {E} * The joining <strong>of</strong> two pieces <strong>of</strong> film or tape<br />
material <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r by overlapping <strong>the</strong> edges and cementing,<br />
taping, or welding <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, frequently using a<br />
splicer, so that <strong>the</strong>y will function <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r as a single piece;<br />
see also butt splice; heat splice.(40.) {D= ?; Es= empalme<br />
de cinta; trozo de cinta empalmado; F= montage avec<br />
recouvrement}.<br />
larga duración {Es} * see long-play; long-playing record<br />
(Lp) {E}.<br />
largo de palabra {Es} * see word length {E}.<br />
largometraje (en un pase, la película principal) {Es} * see<br />
feed nut (1) {E}.<br />
largometraje (en un pase, la película principal) {Es} * see<br />
feature (1) {E}.<br />
larguero {Es} * see upright {E}.<br />
las pistas para el registrador {Es} * see channel (1, 2) {E}.<br />
LASER {E} * acronym for light amplification by stimulated<br />
emission <strong>of</strong> radiation.<br />
LASER diode {E} * see semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r LASER.<br />
LASER disc {E} * Includes CDs and video disc; may be<br />
mass produced and pre-recorded, or blank and intended<br />
for <strong>the</strong> user <strong>to</strong> record and only one copy is produced. The<br />
content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se media is digitally encoded (except for<br />
video on a video disc which is in analogue form) and<br />
etched in<strong>to</strong> a reflective layer on <strong>the</strong> disc in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong><br />
holes or pits (depressions). A LASER light beam is<br />
focused on <strong>the</strong> disc as it revolves; where <strong>the</strong>re are no<br />
133<br />
depressions, <strong>the</strong> light beam simply moves on; where <strong>the</strong>re<br />
are depressions, <strong>the</strong> light beam is reflected back in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
playback apparatus, which 'reads' <strong>the</strong> reflections and<br />
eventually converts <strong>the</strong>m back in<strong>to</strong> an analogue signal for<br />
playback; see also CD-ROM; compact disc; digital optical<br />
recording; video disc.04. {D= Laserplatte; Es= disco láser;<br />
F= disque laser}.<br />
Laserplatte {D} * see LASER disc {E}.<br />
LaserVision {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for an optical<br />
video disc format.39.<br />
LAST {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Liquid Archival Sound<br />
Treatment.<br />
lata {Es} * see can {E}.<br />
latensification {F} * see post-flashing {E}.<br />
latent image {E} * An invisible image contained on film or<br />
paper prior <strong>to</strong> development. A negative exposed <strong>to</strong> light in<br />
a camera or a print exposed under a negative contains an<br />
invisible image referred <strong>to</strong> as a latent image. The image is<br />
made visible by chemical development during<br />
processing.43. The invisible image registered on a<br />
phonographic emulsion due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> reaction produced in <strong>the</strong><br />
emulsion by exposure <strong>to</strong> light. (The image becomes visible<br />
after development).09. {D= latentes Bild; Es= imágen<br />
latente; F= image latente}.<br />
latent image edge numbering {E} * One <strong>of</strong> two ways which<br />
Kodak places edge numbers on its camera film (<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
being visible ink edge numbering), in which <strong>the</strong> film edge<br />
is exposed by a printer mounted at <strong>the</strong> perfora<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong><br />
produce an image visible only when <strong>the</strong> film is processed.<br />
In addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> edge numbers, also included are a<br />
manufacturer's code for <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> film, <strong>the</strong> perfora<strong>to</strong>r, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> equipment used <strong>to</strong> produce <strong>the</strong> product.(09.) {D= ?;<br />
Es= numeración en el borde de la imagen latente (proceso<br />
de la casa Kodak para numerar sus películas en los<br />
bordes); F= numéro (de bord) de l'image latente}.<br />
latent image fade {E} * The change in <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> radiant<br />
energy on a pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive surface which occurs during<br />
<strong>the</strong> time between exposure and development. The amount<br />
and rate <strong>of</strong> change depends on time, temperature,<br />
humidity, s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions, and type <strong>of</strong> emu recording.<br />
Sometimes called needlecut recording.(04.) {D=<br />
Berlinerschrift-ufnahme; Seitenschrift-Aufnahme; Es= ?;<br />
F= enregistrement latéral}.<br />
lateral recording {E} * =Es= modulación [grabación] lateral<br />
{Es}.<br />
lateral recording {E} * Invented by Emile Berliner in 1887,<br />
a recording process by which a stylus cuts a furrow or<br />
groove <strong>of</strong> constant depth and lateral amplitudes in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
surface <strong>of</strong> a recording medium (wax disc, lacquer disc);<br />
see also vertical recording. Sometimes called needlecut<br />
recording.(04.) {D= Berlinerschrift-ufnahme; Seitenschrift-<br />
Aufnahme; Es= modulación [grabación] lateral; F=<br />
enregistrement latéral}<br />
lateral reversal {E} * An image that has been reversed from<br />
left <strong>to</strong> right, as in a mirror image. Many direct positive<br />
images, such as daguerreotypes and tintypes, are laterally<br />
reversed images. A camera negative is normally laterally<br />
reversed (as well as inverted) and is oriented correctly in<br />
<strong>the</strong> printing process.43. {D= ?; Es= inversión lateral; F=<br />
inversion latérale (gauche - droite)}.<br />
latitude d'exposition {F} * see exposure latitude {E}.<br />
laufende Akten {D} * see current records {E}.<br />
Laufmeter {D} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) {E}.
Laufzeit eines Films {D} * see screening {E}.<br />
Lauge {D} * see alkali {E}.<br />
Lautsprecher {D} * see loudspeaker; speaker {E}.<br />
Lautstärke {D} * see volume {E;F}.<br />
lavado {Es} * see washing {E}.<br />
lavado de contracorriente {Es} * see countercurrent wash<br />
{E}.<br />
lavado de película con calidad de archivo {Es} * see<br />
archival wash {E}.<br />
lavage {F} * see countercurrent wash {E}.<br />
lavage {F} * see washing {E}.<br />
Lavendel {D} * see dupe positive {E}.<br />
lavender {E; Es} * see dupe positive {E}.<br />
layer-<strong>to</strong>-layer adhesion {E} * The bonding or clinging<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> adjacent layers <strong>of</strong> tape or film in a roll; see also<br />
blocking.46. {D= ?; Es= adherencia entre vueltas<br />
(consecutivas); F= adhérence couche à couche}.<br />
layer-<strong>to</strong>-layer signal transfer {E} * see print through.<br />
lazo de cinta magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica {Es} * see binloop {E}.<br />
LB {E} * acronym for low band.<br />
LC MARC {E} * acronym for Library <strong>of</strong> Congress Machine<br />
Readable Cataloging {sic!}.<br />
LCD {E} * acronym for liquid crystal display.<br />
LE {E} * acronym for life expectancy.<br />
LE designation {E} * A rating <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> life expectancy <strong>of</strong> a)<br />
materials and b) recording materials and associated<br />
retrieval systems. The number following <strong>the</strong> LE acronym is<br />
a prediction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> minimum life expectancy in years for<br />
which information can be retrieved without significant loss<br />
when s<strong>to</strong>red under extended term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions (e.g.<br />
LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved after at<br />
least 100 years <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage). {D= ?; Es= indicación de la<br />
esperanza de vida (en materiales); F= indication de<br />
l'espérance de vie}.<br />
lead-in/lead-out {E} * The non-data programme grooves<br />
preceding and succeeding <strong>the</strong> data programme on a disc.<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> such grooves is <strong>to</strong> guide <strong>the</strong> pickup or <strong>to</strong>ne<br />
arm in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first recorded grooves and out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last<br />
recorded grooves; also known as run-in/run-out<br />
grooves.(04.39.) {D= Einlauf-Auslauf-Rille; Es= línea (de<br />
entrada) de antena; línea (de salida) de antena; F=<br />
amorce de début/amorce de fin; amorçage; sortie}.<br />
leader {E} * 1) A blank length <strong>of</strong> strip film or tape at <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning and/or end <strong>of</strong> such film/tape for identification<br />
and/or handling. 2) A piece <strong>of</strong> black film used for spacing<br />
in workprints or for threading equipment. 3) In optics, any<br />
transparent system by which images may be formed<br />
through <strong>the</strong> light-refracting properties <strong>of</strong> curved<br />
surfaces.(04.09.) {D= Startband; Vorspann; Es= tira sin<br />
imágenes que precede a la película; cola; F= amorce;<br />
bande amorce}.<br />
leader tape {E} * Special <strong>to</strong>ugh non-magnetic tape which<br />
can be spliced <strong>to</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r end <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape <strong>to</strong> prevent<br />
its damage and possible loss <strong>of</strong> recorded material. White<br />
or yellow in colour, it features a mark every 7½-inches<br />
(white or yellow 'scotch' brand leader and timing tape no.<br />
134<br />
24). Used as a timing tape, <strong>the</strong>refore, it can be spliced<br />
between musical selections <strong>to</strong> provides desired pauses<br />
upon playback; also know as timing tape. NB Most<br />
archivists recommend that no splices be allowed or<br />
intentionally included in preservation materials.16. {D= ?;<br />
Es= cinta de guía; F= bande amorce; ruban de guidage}.<br />
leading edge <strong>of</strong> sync {E} * The descending slope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
horizontal sync pulse that follows <strong>the</strong> front porch in a<br />
television signal. {D= ?; Es= borde de guía de<br />
sincronización; F= front de synchronisation}.<br />
leakage {E} * see crosstalk.<br />
least significant bit (LSB) {E} * The bit within a digital word<br />
that is <strong>the</strong> least weighted.39. {D= ?; Es= bit [dígi<strong>to</strong>] menos<br />
significativo; F= bit le moins significatif}.<br />
lebende Registratur {D} * see current records {E}.<br />
Lebenserwartung {D} * see life expectancy (LE) {E}.<br />
lecteur {F} * see player; reader; reproducer {E}.<br />
lecteur à système flottant {F} * see floating reproducer {E}.<br />
lecteur de disque optique {F} * see disc drive {E}.<br />
lecteur de micr<strong>of</strong>ormes {F} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader {E}<br />
lecteur/reproducteur de micr<strong>of</strong>ormes {F} * see<br />
reader/printer {E}.<br />
lec<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see player; reader (1); user {E}.<br />
lec<strong>to</strong>r acústico {Es} * see sound box {E}.<br />
lec<strong>to</strong>r de disco (-s) {Es} * see disc drive {D;E}.<br />
lec<strong>to</strong>r óptico de tres haces {Es} * see three-beam tracking<br />
{E}.<br />
Lec<strong>to</strong>r de Códigos de Tiempo {Es} * see Time Code<br />
Reader (TCR) {E}.<br />
lectura {Es} * see registration {E}.<br />
lectura helicoidal {Es} * see helical scan {D;E}.<br />
lecture {F} * see playback {D;E;Es;F}.<br />
lecture hélicoïdale {F} * see helical scan {E}.<br />
LED {E} * acronym for light emitting diode.39.<br />
leer {Es} * see read {E}.<br />
Leerband {D} * see blank tape {E}.<br />
Leerrille {D} * see blank groove {E}.<br />
legal deposit {E} * Under <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> various countries, <strong>the</strong><br />
piece/s <strong>of</strong> materials, usually publications, required <strong>to</strong> be<br />
placed with one or more reposi<strong>to</strong>ries (e.g. national libraries<br />
or archives; major research facilities, etc.). The deposit<br />
requirements vary consider-ably, with some countries<br />
requiring deposit only <strong>of</strong> items published and <strong>of</strong>fered for<br />
sale <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> public, o<strong>the</strong>rs requiring deposit <strong>of</strong> all materials<br />
available <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> public for access, including items imported<br />
from o<strong>the</strong>r countries and/or signals distributed over <strong>the</strong><br />
radio and television frequencies. Not <strong>to</strong> be confused with<br />
deposit copy (copyright); see also deposit copy (copyright);<br />
dépôt légal.(22.) {D= Abgabepflicht; Es= depósi<strong>to</strong> legal; F=<br />
dépôt légal}.<br />
legal value {E} * The value <strong>of</strong> documents for <strong>the</strong> conduct<br />
<strong>of</strong> current or future legal business and/or as evidence<br />
<strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>; see also administrative value; fiscal value.22.23.
{D= rechtlicher Wert; Beweiswert; Wert; Es= valor legal;<br />
F= valeur légale}.<br />
legislación sobre archivos {Es} * see archival legislation<br />
{E}.<br />
législation archivistique {F} * see archival legislation {E}.<br />
lens {E} * An optical device consisting <strong>of</strong> ground or<br />
moulded elements <strong>of</strong> glass or plastic that focuses light by<br />
refraction.10. {F= lentille; D= ?; Es= ?}<br />
lente {Es} * see lens {E}.<br />
lente {Es} * see lens {E}.<br />
lente anamórfica {Es} * see anamorphic lens {E}.<br />
lente anastigmática {Es} * see anastigmatic lens {E}.<br />
lente colimadora {Es} * see collima<strong>to</strong>r lens {E}.<br />
lente con recubrimien<strong>to</strong> antireflejante {Es} * see coated<br />
lens {E}.<br />
lente de foco variable (trafocador) {Es} * see objective lens<br />
{E}.<br />
lente de foco variable {Es} * see objective lens {E}.<br />
lente tratada {Es} * see coated lens {E}.<br />
lentes cilíndricas {Es} * see cylindrical lens {E}.<br />
lentes planas {Es} * see flats {E}.<br />
lentille achromatique {F} * see achromatic lens {E}.<br />
lentille cylindrique {F} * see cylindrical lens {E}.<br />
les média froid et chaud {F} * see cool and hot media {E}.<br />
Lese- und Rückvergrößerungsgerät {D} * see<br />
reader/printer {E}.<br />
Lese-Kopf {D} * see playback head {E}.<br />
Lesegerät {D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader {E}.<br />
leva {Es} * see cam {E}.<br />
levantador de la cinta {Es} * see tape lifter {E}.<br />
levantamien<strong>to</strong> del borde {Es} * see edge roll/lift {E}.<br />
level {E} * Intensity or amplitude <strong>of</strong> a signal measured in<br />
dBs.(04.) {D= Pegel; Es= nivel; F= niveau}.<br />
level indica<strong>to</strong>r {E} * A moni<strong>to</strong>r or gauge which provides a<br />
visual display <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume at which <strong>the</strong> recording is being<br />
made and serves as a warning against under or over<br />
recording. It may be in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a neon bulb, 'magic<br />
eye', a V/U-meter, or a LED (LCD) display; see also<br />
achromatic lens; catadioptric lens; ca<strong>to</strong>ptric system;<br />
chromatic aberration; V/U-meter.(04.50.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
indicador de nivel; F= indicateur de niveau}.<br />
level <strong>of</strong> catalogue {E} * see cataloguing level.<br />
ley de reciprocidad {Es} * see reciprocity law {E}.<br />
leyendas cerradas {Es} * see closed captioning {E}.<br />
liaison {F} * see linkage {E}.<br />
liaison montante {F} * see uplink {E}.<br />
liaison terre/satellite {F} * see uplink {E}.<br />
135<br />
liant {F} * see binder {E}.<br />
libranza {Es} * see draft {E}.<br />
library shot {E} * Scenes or various o<strong>the</strong>r lengths <strong>of</strong><br />
moving-image footage from previous moving-image<br />
productions which are used as inserts in subsequent<br />
productions. {D= ?; Es= cinemateca; biblioteca de planos<br />
(de fo<strong>to</strong>s); F= plan d'archives; plan de cinémathèque}.<br />
library wind {E} * A controlled fast forward wind <strong>of</strong> a<br />
magnetic tape pack. {D= ?; Es= enrollado (de la cinta)<br />
controlado; F= vitesse contrôlée}.<br />
Libro Amarillo {Es} * see Yellow Book {D;E}.<br />
Libro Rojo {Es} * see Red Book {D;E}.<br />
Libro Verde {Es} * see Green Book {E}.<br />
licencia obliga<strong>to</strong>ria {Es} * see compulsory licence {E}.<br />
Licht {D} * see light {E}.<br />
Lichtbahn {D} * see beam {E}.<br />
Lichtbestimmung {D} * see grading {E}.<br />
Lichtbildreihe {D} * see filmstrip {E}.<br />
Lichthahn {D} * see light valve {E}.<br />
Licht<strong>to</strong>nwert {D} * see density {E}.<br />
liegende Aufbewahrung {D} * see flat-filing; horizontal filing<br />
{E}.<br />
life expectancy (LE) {E} * 1) A projection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong><br />
time that information is predicted <strong>to</strong> be retrievable in a<br />
system under extended term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions. 2) A<br />
projection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> time that an item can be<br />
reasonably expected <strong>to</strong> remain intact and carry-out its<br />
intended functions. {D= Lebenserwartung; Es= duración<br />
útil esperable; esperanza de duración (de vida); F=<br />
espérance de vie}.<br />
light {E} * The radiant energy visible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> human eye with<br />
a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometres (nm).(10.)<br />
{D= Licht; Es= luz; energía radiante; F= lumière;<br />
éclairage}.<br />
light amplification by stimulated emission <strong>of</strong> radiation<br />
(LASER) {D;E;Es;F} * An active electron device which<br />
generates coherent, monochromatic light waves. All CD<br />
players contain a semi-con-duc<strong>to</strong>r LASER in <strong>the</strong>ir optical<br />
pickup which converts input power in<strong>to</strong> a intense beam <strong>of</strong><br />
coherent optical radiation.(46.39.)<br />
light balancing filter {E} * see colour balance.<br />
light box {E} * 1) A device with a back-lighted translucent<br />
surface intended for inspecting film. 2) A device with a<br />
back-lighted translucent surface intended for <strong>the</strong><br />
illumination <strong>of</strong> video test patterns when viewed through a<br />
video camera. {D= ?; Es= caja de luz para película; F=<br />
boîte à lumière; néga<strong>to</strong>scope}.<br />
light damage slide rule {E} * A set <strong>of</strong> scales designed by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Canadian Conservation Institute <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong><br />
damage light may inflict on an artifact, particularly <strong>to</strong> its<br />
colours. The slide rule demonstrates <strong>the</strong> damage <strong>to</strong><br />
colours that will result from a particu-lar combination <strong>of</strong><br />
intensity and exposure and illustrates <strong>the</strong> results if one or<br />
both fac<strong>to</strong>rs are reduced. The light damage slide rule has<br />
two sides, serving two functions: 1) <strong>to</strong> calculate light<br />
damage <strong>to</strong> an artifact; and 2) <strong>to</strong> assist in selecting and<br />
using appropriate bulbs in displays.07. {D= ?; Es= regla<br />
luminosa para comprobación de daños en dispositivas; F=<br />
charte lumineuse de diapositives (défauts lumineux)}.
light emitting diode (LED) {E} * A numerical or graphic<br />
display device that emits light when <strong>the</strong> proper voltages<br />
are applied. {D= ?; Es= diodo electroluminiscente; diodo<br />
semiconduc<strong>to</strong>r; F= diode électroluminescente (LED)}.<br />
light fugitive {E} * A characteristic <strong>of</strong> certain pigments and<br />
dyes which are subject <strong>to</strong> fading by exposure <strong>to</strong> light.05.<br />
{D= ?; Es= descoloración por laluz; F= fugitif à la lumière}.<br />
light table {E} * A device with a front-lighted surface<br />
intended for <strong>the</strong> illumination <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
graphic media and viewed through a video camera. {D= ?;<br />
Es= nega<strong>to</strong>scopio [mesa luminosa]; F= table lumineuse}.<br />
light valve {E} * Device for controlling colour quality <strong>of</strong> light<br />
in a printer.09. {D= Lichthahn; Es= válvula (de luz); relé<br />
óptico; F= lumière; relais optique; (-light); modulateur de<br />
lumière}.<br />
lightfast {E} * Ability <strong>of</strong> a material <strong>to</strong> resist fading upon<br />
exposure <strong>to</strong> light.44. {D= ?; Es= estabilidad frente a la luz;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
lighting {E} * The process or procedure <strong>of</strong> providing light <strong>to</strong><br />
an area. {D= Beleuchtung; Ausleuchtung; Es= iluminacíon;<br />
F= éclairage; lumière}.<br />
lighting cameraman {E} * The British expression for<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>g-rapher; see also cinema<strong>to</strong>grapher.30. {D= ?;<br />
Es= direc<strong>to</strong>r de fo<strong>to</strong>grafía; F= cadreur; directeur de la<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphie}.<br />
lighting contrast ratio {E} * Relationship between key lights<br />
and fill lights.09. {D= ?; Es= (grado de) contraste; F=<br />
contraste}.<br />
ligne {F} * see line {E}.<br />
ligne centrale moyenne de la piste {F} * see mean track<br />
centreline {E}.<br />
ligne de fabrication {F} * see mono-line {E}.<br />
ligne droite (de la caractéristique de densité) {F} * see<br />
straight line {E}.<br />
limaduras de hierro {Es} * see swarf {E}.<br />
limitador {Es} * see clipping (2) {E}.<br />
limite de fluage {F} * see yield strength {E}.<br />
límite aparente de elasticidad {Es} * see yield strength {E}.<br />
límite elástico {Es} * see yield strength {E}.<br />
limpieza {Es} * see cleaning {E}.<br />
limpieza de bobinado {Es} * see winder-cleaner {E}.<br />
limpieza ultrasónica {Es} * see ultrasonic cleaning {E}.<br />
line {E} * 1) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traces <strong>of</strong> a television scanning<br />
beam. 2) A conduc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> electrical energy, such as a wire.<br />
3) A camera-positioning reference plane in moving-image<br />
productions.(10.) {D= ?; Es= línea; circui<strong>to</strong>; F= ligne}.<br />
línea (de entrada) de antena {Es} * see lead-in/lead-out<br />
{E}.<br />
línea (de salida) de antena {Es} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.<br />
línea {Es} * see line {E}.<br />
línea central de lectura de la pista (de grabación) {Es} *<br />
see mean track centreline {E}.<br />
línea de re<strong>to</strong>rno {Es} * see retrace {E}.<br />
136<br />
línea recta {Es} * see straight line {E}.<br />
linéaire {F} * see flat response {E}.<br />
linéaire {F} * see linear {D;E}; liner notes {E}.<br />
linear {D;E} * 1) In electronics, a circuit in which <strong>the</strong> output<br />
is directly proportional <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> input; see also<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(39.10.) 2) Of, made <strong>of</strong>, or using a line or lines.<br />
{Es= circui<strong>to</strong> de ajuste de línea; F= linéaire}.<br />
linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * Deviations from <strong>the</strong> ideally equal<br />
sensitivity for all frequencies; see also dis<strong>to</strong>rtion;<br />
modulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. {D= lineare<br />
Verzerrung; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de línea; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion linéaire}.<br />
linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) {E} * A measurement, for<br />
descriptive and control purposes, usually applied <strong>to</strong> shelfface<br />
space occupied, or <strong>to</strong> be occupied, by<br />
materials.(22.23.) {D= Regalmet-er; Laufmeter; Es= pies;<br />
metros lineales; F= pieds/mètres linéaire; linéaire}.<br />
linear metres (LnMt) {E} * see linear feet/linear metres<br />
(LnFt/LnMt).<br />
linear mode {E} * The presentation <strong>of</strong> information in a fixed<br />
sequence, uninfluenced by <strong>the</strong> recipient.(10.) {D= ?; Es=<br />
modo lineal; F= mode linéaire}.<br />
linear PCM {E} * A pulse code modulation (PCM) system<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> signal is converted directly <strong>to</strong> a PCM word<br />
without compounding, or o<strong>the</strong>r processing.39. {D= ?; Es=<br />
modulación (en línea) de impulsos cuantificados; F= MIC<br />
linéaire}.<br />
linear reflectance chart {E} * A table with <strong>the</strong> steps <strong>of</strong> grey<br />
scales in linear relationship used <strong>to</strong> align and measure <strong>the</strong><br />
transfer characteristics <strong>of</strong> television camera systems; see<br />
also test pattern.(10.) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= charte de<br />
réflectance}.<br />
linearity {E} * The extent <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
reproduced output is directly proportional <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnitude<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> signal applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> input <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorder.46. {D=<br />
Linearität; Es= linearidad; F= linearité}.<br />
linearity chart {E} * A chart used <strong>to</strong> adjust <strong>the</strong> linearity <strong>of</strong> a<br />
video camera. Also called a ball chart. {D= ?; Es= tarjeta<br />
[carta] de linearidad; F= charte de linéarité}.<br />
liner {E} * see album; sleeve; slipcase.<br />
liner notes {E} * Commentary and explana<strong>to</strong>ry information<br />
about <strong>the</strong> contents, performers, and/or recording<br />
circumstances printed on, attached <strong>to</strong>, or inserted in, <strong>the</strong><br />
container in which a recording is distributed.(04.) {D=<br />
Covertext; Müllentext; Es= tex<strong>to</strong> de la carátula; F=<br />
commentaires; linéaire}.<br />
linkage {E} * A moving-image production term used <strong>to</strong> refer<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> simplest kinds <strong>of</strong> montage; see also edi<strong>to</strong>r.30. {D=<br />
?; Es= enlace; encadenamien<strong>to</strong>; F= montage simple;<br />
liaison}.<br />
linking groove {E} * see cut.<br />
lino {Es} * see lint {E}.<br />
lint {E} * Fine bits <strong>of</strong> thread, yarn, or o<strong>the</strong>r loose fibres<br />
which separate from <strong>the</strong> raw material. {D= ?; Es= lino; F=<br />
linters}.<br />
linterna de proyección {Es} * see magic lantern {E}.<br />
linterna mágica {Es} * see magic lantern {E}.<br />
linters {F} * see lint {E}.
li<strong>of</strong>ilización {Es} * see freeze drying {E}.<br />
lip sync {E} * Words matching <strong>the</strong> mouth movements <strong>of</strong><br />
on-camera talent. {D= ?; Es= sincronización del diálogo<br />
(sonido) con las imágenes; F= synchronisation labiale}.<br />
lipping {E} * see edge curl.<br />
liquid crystal display (LCD) {E} * A way <strong>of</strong> producing<br />
characters on<strong>to</strong> a screen by reflecting light on a<br />
specialized substance; a semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r display <strong>of</strong><br />
numerical or graphical information, requiring ambient light<br />
or back-lighting.39. {D= ?; Es= indicador visual de cristal<br />
líquido; F= affichage à cristaux liquides (LCD)}.<br />
liquid gate printing {E} * A film copying or duplicating<br />
system in which <strong>the</strong> original is immersed in a suitable<br />
liquid (i.e., with similar refractive light <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film emulsion<br />
or its base) at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> exposure; generally used <strong>to</strong><br />
reduce <strong>the</strong> surface scratches and abrasions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source<br />
film; also known as wet gate printing. {D= Nasskopie; Es=<br />
copia humeda; ; F= copie sous liquide; tirage humide}.<br />
liquid gate printing {E} * A film copying or duplicating<br />
system in which <strong>the</strong> original is immersed in a suitable<br />
liquid (i.e., with similar refractive light <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film emulsion<br />
or its base) at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> exposure; generally used <strong>to</strong><br />
reduce <strong>the</strong> surface scratches and abrasions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source<br />
film; also known as wet gate printing. {D= Nasskopie; Es=<br />
copia húmeda; F= tirage humide; F/Es= copie sous<br />
liquide}.<br />
liquid gate transfer {E} * A film <strong>to</strong> magnetic tape transfer<br />
process in which <strong>the</strong> film is immersed in a suitable liquid<br />
while in <strong>the</strong> film gate. The liquid reduces <strong>the</strong> surface<br />
scratches and abrasions on <strong>the</strong> base side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source<br />
film.; also known as wet gate transfer. {D= ?; Es=<br />
transferencia en medio líquido; F= transfert en milieu<br />
liquide}<br />
lire {F} * see read {E}.<br />
liso {Es} * see flat {E}.<br />
lissage {F} * see bone (<strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> boning) {E}.<br />
list {E} * 1) An enumeration <strong>of</strong> materials at <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong><br />
record/archive groups, classes, series, items, or<br />
documents and, also, <strong>of</strong> holdings, accessions, finding aids,<br />
etc., compiled for purposes <strong>of</strong> control and/or information;<br />
see also cataloguing.(22.23.) 2) In U.S., also means <strong>the</strong><br />
retail price <strong>of</strong> an item. {D= Liste; Es= inventario; lista;<br />
relación; elenco; F= liste; bordereau}.<br />
lista {Es} * see list {E}.<br />
lista {Es} * see list {E}.<br />
lista de decisiones de montaje {Es} * see edit decision list<br />
(EDL); EDL {E}.<br />
lista de edición final {Es} * see way-<strong>of</strong>f-line {E}.<br />
listado de sonidos y efec<strong>to</strong>s especiales {Es} * see spotting<br />
(1) {E}.<br />
listage des séquences son {F} * see spotting {E}.<br />
liste {F} * see list {E}.<br />
liste de contrôle {F} * see checklist {E}.<br />
liste de décisions de montage {F} * see edit decision list<br />
(EDL) {E}.<br />
liste de premiers interprètes {F} * see created roll (CR) {E}.<br />
Liste {D} * see list {E}.<br />
137<br />
listening tubes {E} * see hearing tubes.<br />
literary archives/records {E} * 1) Materials, including<br />
papers, manuscripts, sound recordings, still- and movingimages,<br />
et al., and publications <strong>of</strong> same, <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
authors, literary organiza-tions, and/or institutions. 2)<br />
Archives responsible for <strong>the</strong> acquisition, preservation, and<br />
communication <strong>of</strong> such archives.(22.23.) {D=<br />
Literaturarchiv/e; Es= archivo/s litreario/s; F= archives<br />
littéraires}.<br />
Literaturarchiv/e {D} * see literary archives/records {E}.<br />
lithograph {E} * A printing method developed in Germany<br />
in <strong>the</strong> late 1700s in which an image is applied <strong>to</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>ne or<br />
metal plate, which is <strong>the</strong>n washed with an acid so that <strong>the</strong><br />
applied ink will adhere only <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> image portion <strong>of</strong><br />
s<strong>to</strong>ne/metal plate. {D= ?; Es= li<strong>to</strong>grafía; F= lithographie}.<br />
lithographie {F} * see lithograph {E}.<br />
li<strong>to</strong>grafía {Es} * see lithograph {E}.<br />
Little Nipper {D;E;Es;F} * The name given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dog<br />
appearing in <strong>the</strong> painting, His master's voice, trademark <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Berliner Co., adopted by various sub-parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
company (Vic<strong>to</strong>r Talking Machine Co., HMV, etc.).<br />
live {D;E} * 1) A modifier which describes information<br />
which is recorded and/or processed as it occurs.(06.) 2) In<br />
television productions, live means <strong>to</strong> transmit or broadcast<br />
<strong>the</strong> signal as it occurs. {D= ?; Es= emisión en direc<strong>to</strong> [en<br />
vivo]; 1) direc<strong>to</strong>; F= direct}<br />
live animation {E} * Animation accomplished by moving an<br />
object or subject slightly between each frame.10. {D= ?;<br />
Es= proceso de animación; F= procédé d'animation}.<br />
Livre jaune {F} * see Yellow Book {D;E}.<br />
Livre rouge {F} * see Red Book {D;E}.<br />
Livre vert {F} * see Green Book {E}.<br />
livres par point {F} * see pounds per point {E}.<br />
livret {F} * see booklet {E}.<br />
lkaline reserve {E} * Buffer or reserve <strong>of</strong> an alkaline<br />
substance added <strong>to</strong> materials <strong>to</strong> counteract acid. Usually<br />
three percent precipitated calcium or magnesium<br />
carbonate by weight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material <strong>to</strong> which it is being<br />
added. Soaking paper materials in a solution <strong>of</strong> calcium<br />
bicarbonate or magnesium bicarbonate adds a small<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> calcium or magnesium bicarbonate which<br />
neutralizes any acid present and also provides a reserve<br />
<strong>to</strong> counteract acid which may enter <strong>the</strong> paper at some<br />
future time. Paper materials which are <strong>to</strong> remain acid free<br />
for long periods <strong>of</strong> time, e.g., 500 years, should have<br />
approximately three percent precipitated carbonate by<br />
weight; see also buffer; buffering; deacidification; diethyl<br />
zinc; double decomposition; vapor-phase deacidification;<br />
permanent paper.(45.) {D= Reserve; Alkalische; Es=<br />
reserva alcalina; F= réserve alcaline}.<br />
llave {Es} * see key {E}.<br />
llave croma {Es} * see chroma key {E}.<br />
llave de color {Es} * see colour key {E}.<br />
llave de manipulación de la luminancia {Es} * see<br />
luminance key {E}.<br />
llorado del donido {Es} * see tilt shot {E}.<br />
llorado del sonido {Es} * see wow {E}.
llorado y centelleo (variación de velocidad) {Es} * see wow<br />
and flutter {E}.<br />
lluvia {Es} * see rain {E}.<br />
lm {E} * abbreviation for lumen.<br />
LnFt {E} * abbreviation for linear feet.<br />
LnMt {E} * abbreviation for linear metres.<br />
load {E} * 1) In computer programming, <strong>the</strong> entry <strong>of</strong> data<br />
in<strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage or working registers. 2) In video productions,<br />
load means <strong>to</strong> insert or thread <strong>the</strong> videotape in<strong>to</strong> or on<strong>to</strong><br />
its videotape machine. {D= ?; Es= cargar (la película;<br />
da<strong>to</strong>s); F= chargement}.<br />
loan {E} * The temporary physical transfer <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
from <strong>the</strong>ir s<strong>to</strong>rage location for any purpose, i.e., reference,<br />
consultation, reproduction, research, exhibition, or<br />
res<strong>to</strong>ration or preservation purposes.(22.23.) {D= Ausleihe;<br />
Entlehnung; Es= préstamo; F= prêt; *communication avec<br />
déplacement}.<br />
local de s<strong>to</strong>ckage de films à humidité et température<br />
contrôlées {F} * see vault {E}.<br />
local loop {E} * see loop {E}.<br />
location {E} * In video productions, a recording or<br />
broadcast that occurs from any place o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> studio<br />
is termed <strong>to</strong> be an origination from a “location.” The crew<br />
is said <strong>to</strong> be "on-location" or "at a remote site". {D= ?; Es=<br />
(rodaje en) exteriores?; F= en extérieur (<strong>to</strong>urnage); en<br />
décor naturel}<br />
location {F} * see also address {E;F}<br />
Lochestreifen {D} * see punched card {E}.<br />
Lochkarte {D} * see punched card {E}.<br />
locked groove {E} * see concentric groove.<br />
locu<strong>to</strong>r {Es} * see speaker (2) {E}.<br />
logic {E} * Systematized rules or interconnections <strong>of</strong> digital<br />
switch-ing circuits.39. {D= ?; Es= lógica; F= logique}.<br />
lógica {Es} * see logic {E}.<br />
logical {Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>tware {E}.<br />
logical block {E} * A group <strong>of</strong> 2n + 9 bytes treated as a<br />
logical unit, where n equals 0 or a positive integer.20. {D=<br />
?; Es= bloque lógico; F= bloc logique}.<br />
logicial {Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>tware {E}.<br />
logiciel {F} * see solarization {E}.<br />
logiciel par menu {F} * see menu-driven {E}.<br />
logiciel{F} * see s<strong>of</strong>tware {D;E}.<br />
logique {F} * see logic {E}.<br />
loi de réciprocité {F} * see reciprocity law {E}.<br />
lomo {Es} * see spine {E}.<br />
long shot {E} * In a moving-image production, <strong>the</strong> full<br />
figures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subjects, see also full shot.30. {D= Totale;<br />
Es= plano largo; F= plan longue focale; d'ensemble}.<br />
long-play; long-playing record (Lp) {E}.* A comparative<br />
term <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong> length or duration <strong>of</strong> a recording<br />
(originally applied <strong>to</strong> sound recordings, and now <strong>to</strong> video)<br />
138<br />
<strong>of</strong> greater duration than was previously available. The term<br />
has been used since <strong>the</strong> early days <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 20th century,<br />
first by <strong>the</strong> British company, Neophone, for its 20-inch<br />
vertical cut discs. O<strong>the</strong>rs which have used <strong>the</strong> phrase<br />
include Edison's Long Playing Disc Records <strong>of</strong> 1926 (10<br />
and 12-inch microgroove 80-RPM discs with a playing time<br />
<strong>of</strong> up <strong>to</strong> twelve and twenty minutes, respectively); Vic<strong>to</strong>r's<br />
standard groove 33a-RPM Long Playing Records <strong>of</strong> 1932;<br />
and Columbia's microgroove 33a-RPM Lp. <strong>of</strong><br />
1948.(14.) 2) In usage since 1948, an analogue audio disc<br />
recording with a playing time <strong>of</strong> substantially over five<br />
minutes, normally referring <strong>to</strong> a 10 or 12-inch diameter,<br />
33a-RPM microgroove disc introduced by Columbia in<br />
1948; also called an Lp. 3) An extended play video tape,<br />
generally four hours or longer. 4) The four (4) hour speed<br />
on a VHS videocassette recording when using a T120<br />
cassette; see also standard play; super long-play.(35.) {D=<br />
Langspielplatte; Es= grabación de larga duración; larga<br />
duración; F= microsillon; enregistrement longue durée;<br />
longue durée}<br />
long-playing record {E} * see long-play; long-playing record<br />
(Lp) {E}.<br />
long-term film {E} * Film suitable for <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong><br />
records for a minimum <strong>of</strong> one hundred years when s<strong>to</strong>red<br />
properly, if <strong>the</strong> original film were processed correctly; see<br />
also archival film; medium-term film; and short-term<br />
film.40. {D= ?; Es= película de conservación a largo plazo;<br />
F= film de conservation à long terme}.<br />
longeur d'onde {F} * see wave length (w) {E}.<br />
longitud de onda {Es} * see wave length (w) {E}.<br />
longitud de palabra {Es} * see word length {E}.<br />
longitud del rayo óptico {Es} * see optical path length {E}.<br />
longitudinal curvature {E} * Deformation, usually warping<br />
or stretching, but any deviation from straightness, <strong>of</strong> a<br />
length <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape or strip film along its length. Most<br />
generally caused by pressure from winding and s<strong>to</strong>ring <strong>the</strong><br />
tape/film under tension. This is permanent deformation<br />
which impairs <strong>the</strong> reproductive quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film/tape.(04.46.) {D= ?; Es= curvatura longitudinal; F=<br />
courbure longitudinale}.<br />
longitudinal direction {E} * Along <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film or<br />
tape.(46.) {D= Längsrichtung; Es= dirección longitudinal;<br />
F= direction longitudinale}.<br />
longitudinal time code (LTC) {D;E} ** SMPTE/ANSI TIME<br />
CODE was developed <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> individual frames <strong>of</strong><br />
video and has two formats, <strong>the</strong> longitudinal time code<br />
(LTC) and <strong>the</strong> vertical interval time code (VITC). {Es=<br />
código de tiempo longitudinal; F= piste longitudinale de<br />
codage temporel}.<br />
longue durée {F} * see long-play; long-playing record (Lp)<br />
{E}.<br />
loop {E} * A length <strong>of</strong> audio tape moving-image film or tape<br />
that is joined <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r at both ends in order <strong>to</strong> permit<br />
playback without rewinding.(12.) 2) A video term referring<br />
<strong>to</strong> a relatively short distribution cable between two intercity<br />
points; also called a local loop. {D= Filmschleife;<br />
Filmschlaufe; Endlosschleife; Schleife; Es= cinta sin fin;<br />
bucle (de la película); F= boucle de distribution}.<br />
looping {E} * A technique <strong>of</strong> post-dubbing in film and<br />
magnetic tape media wherein a few seconds <strong>of</strong> film or tape<br />
are formed in<strong>to</strong> a loop and projected/played over and<br />
over.(30.) {D= ?; Es= doblaje; F= séquense en boucle}.<br />
loose debris {E} * In film or magnetic tape recording,<br />
material very lightly bonded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape, film, or associated<br />
playback surfaces (for example, <strong>the</strong> head surface <strong>of</strong>
magnetic machines) which is removable by <strong>the</strong> film or tape<br />
motion.46. {D= Bandabrieb; Abrieb; Es= deshechos<br />
desmontables (res<strong>to</strong>s deshechables); F= perte de débris}.<br />
loose insert {E} * see insert.<br />
loose pack {E} * A modifier which describes an undesired<br />
means <strong>of</strong> reeling or rolling film or tape materials in which,<br />
by pulling on <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape or film <strong>the</strong> outer portion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> roll can be easily rotated.(06.) {D= loser Wickel; Es=<br />
bobinado flojo; F= déformation par enroulement; perte de<br />
débris; par enroulement}.<br />
loudness control {E} * Sometimes known as con<strong>to</strong>ur. In<br />
audio recording, a system which compensates for loss <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>nes at <strong>the</strong> extreme end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audio range when listening<br />
at s<strong>of</strong>t volumes or through small speakers. A typical<br />
control <strong>of</strong> this sort will usually boost <strong>the</strong> bass.50. {D= ?;<br />
Es= control de sonoridad; F= correction de spectre<br />
sonore}.<br />
loudspeaker {E} * An acoustic transducer <strong>to</strong> convert<br />
electrical signals in<strong>to</strong> mechanical movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> air;<br />
most commonly (electro-) dynamic, sometimes<br />
electrostatic (condenser) transducers are used; see also<br />
speaker. {D= Lautsprecher; Es= altavoz; F= haut-parleur}.<br />
low contrast {E} * A relationship <strong>of</strong> image <strong>to</strong>nes in which<br />
<strong>the</strong> light and dark areas are represented by small<br />
differences in density.40. {D= ?; Es= bajo contraste; F=<br />
faible contraste}.<br />
low frequency {E} * The audio frequencies between 30 and<br />
300 Hz. {D= tiefe Frequenz; Es= baja frecuencia; F= basse<br />
fréquence; basse}.<br />
low frequency dis<strong>to</strong>rtion {E} * 1) In audio, dis<strong>to</strong>rtion that<br />
occurs between 30 and 300 Hz. 2) In television, dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
that occurs below 15,750-Hz line frequency.(10.) {D=<br />
Verzerrungen im tiefen Frequenzbetreich; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión<br />
de baja frecuencia; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion basse fréquence}.<br />
low key light {E} * see key lighting, high or low.<br />
low noise tape {E} * Magnetic tape with a signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise<br />
ratio three <strong>to</strong> five dB better than conventional tapes,<br />
accomplished by noise reduction ra<strong>the</strong>r than increased low<br />
frequency output, making it possible <strong>to</strong> record sound<br />
(especially wide frequency-range music) at reduced tape<br />
speeds without objectionable background noise (hiss) and<br />
without compromising fidelity.16. {D= ?; Es= cinta de bajo<br />
nivel de ruido; F= bande faible bruit}.<br />
low print tape {E} * Magnetic tape with a high resistance <strong>to</strong><br />
signal print through. {D= Band mit hoher Lopierdämpfung;<br />
Band mit geringem Kopiereffekt; Es= cinta de bajo nivel de<br />
impresión; F= bande faible effet de copie}.<br />
low resolution {E} * A picture with definition below <strong>the</strong> 400<br />
x 300 pixels presented by normal NTSC colour television.<br />
{D= ?; Es= baja resolución; F= basse résolution}.<br />
low-pass filter {E} * A filter with a characteristic that allows<br />
all fre-quencies below a specified roll-<strong>of</strong>f frequency <strong>to</strong> pass<br />
and attenuates all frequencies above. Anti-aliasing and<br />
anti-imaging filters are low-pass filters.39. {D=<br />
Tiefpaßfilter; Es= filtro pasabajos; filtro de paso bajo; F=<br />
filtre passe bas}.<br />
lowband (LB) {D;E} * 1) In quadruplex video recording,<br />
pertaining <strong>to</strong> those frequencies specified in SMPTE<br />
Recommended Practice RP 6, Practice LBM, or LBC. 2)<br />
Pertaining <strong>to</strong> video recordings made in accordance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
above cited SMPTE Recommended Practice. 3) Pertaining<br />
<strong>to</strong> equipment capable <strong>of</strong> making video recordings in<br />
accordance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> above cited SMPTE Recommended<br />
Practice. 4) The carrier frequency appearing on a tape<br />
made in accordance with such practices.(10.) {Es= banda<br />
139<br />
baja; F= basse fréquence ? (vidéo quadruplex)}.<br />
lowband standard {D;E} * The specifications for quadruplex<br />
video recording practices specified in SMPTE<br />
Recommended Practice RP 6, Practice LBMN, or<br />
LBC.(10.) {Es= estándar de banda baja; F= norme basse<br />
fréquence}.<br />
Lp (Lp) {E} * acronym for Long-playing record.<br />
LSB {E} * acronym for least sig<br />
lubricant {E} * 1) A substance which can be applied <strong>to</strong><br />
materials <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong>m run more smoothly and/or be more<br />
slippery. 2) In motion picture film media, a substance<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> film so that it can perform satisfac<strong>to</strong>rily in a<br />
projec<strong>to</strong>r; see also edge waxing.(09.) {D= Gleitmittel; Es=<br />
lubricante; F= lubrifiant}.<br />
lubricante {Es} * see lubricant {E}.<br />
lubrifiant {F} * see lubricant {E}.<br />
lubrification par cirage {F} * see edge waxing {E}.<br />
lubrification par cirage {F} * see edge waxing {E}.<br />
luces de estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.<br />
Luftaufnahme {D} * see aerial pho<strong>to</strong>graph {E}.<br />
Luftbefeuchtung {D} * see humidification {E}.<br />
Lufttrocknung {D} * see air drying {E}.<br />
lumen (LM) {D;E;Es;F} * The light or flux received on an<br />
area <strong>of</strong> one square foot contained on a sphere <strong>of</strong> radius<br />
one foot (or on an area <strong>of</strong> one square metre contained on<br />
a sphere <strong>of</strong> radius one metre) from a point source having<br />
a uniform luminous intensity <strong>of</strong> one candela.07. {Es=<br />
unidad de flujo luminoso}.<br />
lumen {F} * see lumen (LM) {D;E}.<br />
lumen-per square foot {E} * see footcandle {E}.<br />
lumen-per square metre {E} * see lux.<br />
lumière {F} * see light; lighting {E}.<br />
lumière ambiante {F} * see ambient light {E}.<br />
lumière au tungstène {F} * see tungsten light {E}.<br />
lumière d'ambiance {F} * see ambient light {E}.<br />
lumière d'appoint {F} * see fill light {E}.<br />
lumière de base {F} * see key light {E}.<br />
lumière diffuse {F} * see broad light {E}.<br />
lumière dominante {F} * see key light {E}.<br />
lumière inactinique {F} * see safelight; safelight {E}.<br />
lumière incidente {F} * see incident light {E}.<br />
lumière indirecte {F} * see bounce light {E}.<br />
lumière infrarouge {F} * see infrared light {E}.<br />
lumière infrarouge {F} * see infrared lights {E}.<br />
lumière noire {F} * see black light {E}.<br />
lumière oblique {F} * see oblique light {E}.
lumière réfléchie {F} * see bounce light {E}.<br />
lumière réfléchie {F} * see reflected light {E}.<br />
lumière sans relief {F} * see flat lighting {E}.<br />
lumière transmise {F} * see transmitted light {E}.<br />
lumière ultra violet {F} * see ultraviolet light (UV) {E}.<br />
luminaires {F} * see luminaries {E}.<br />
luminance {E;F} * 1) The intensity or brightness component<br />
<strong>of</strong> an elec-tronic image.39. 2) The measured value <strong>of</strong><br />
brightness; <strong>the</strong> reflected light measured on motion picture<br />
screens.09. 3) The black and white component <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
picture; see also chroma.(35.) 4) The black and white<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> a video signal. As <strong>the</strong> luminance is increased <strong>the</strong><br />
picture appears lighter. 2) Luminance is determined by <strong>the</strong><br />
amount <strong>of</strong> white light in an image. {D= ?; Es= lumnancia;<br />
brillo fo<strong>to</strong>métrico}.<br />
luminance {F} * see luminance key {E}.<br />
luminance key {E} * A video special effect in which a new<br />
video signal is inserted in<strong>to</strong> and replaces a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
original as determined by a variable luminance value. {D=<br />
?; Es= llave de manipulación de la luminancia; F=<br />
insertion; luminance}.<br />
luminance ratio {E} * The measured value <strong>of</strong> brightness or<br />
<strong>the</strong> reflected light measured on motion picture screens.09.<br />
{D= Luminanz; Es= ?; F= indice de luminance.}.<br />
Luminanz {D} * see luminance {E}.<br />
luminarias {Es} * see luminaries {E}.<br />
luminaries {E;F} * A light emitting fixture used in television<br />
production. {D= ?; Es= luminarias; F= luminance}.<br />
lumination {F} * see exposure {E}.<br />
lumination {F} * see exposure {E}.<br />
luminescent panel {E} * A flat luminescent surface which<br />
is divided in<strong>to</strong> a multitude <strong>of</strong> individual cells, which<br />
becomes <strong>the</strong> pixels <strong>of</strong> a video display device. {D= ?; Es=<br />
pantalla luminiscente; F= panneau luminescent}.<br />
lumineux {F} * see bright {E}.<br />
luminosidad {Es} * see brightness {E}.<br />
luminosité {F} * see brightness {E}.<br />
luminous flux {E} * A quantity expressing <strong>the</strong> capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> radiant flux <strong>to</strong> produce visual sensation. The unit <strong>of</strong><br />
luminous flux is <strong>the</strong> lumen.25. {D= ?; Es= flujo luminoso;<br />
F= flux lumineux}.<br />
luz ambiente {Es} * see broad light {E}.<br />
luz base o principal {Es} * see key light {E}.<br />
luz de arco {Es} * see arc light {E}.<br />
luz de positivado {Es} * see printer lights {E}.<br />
luz de relleno {Es} * see fill light; filler light {E}.<br />
luz de seguridad {Es} * see safelight {E}.<br />
luz de tungsteno {Es} * see tungsten light {E}.<br />
luz existente {Es} * see existing light {E}.<br />
luz incidente {Es} * see incident light {E}.<br />
140<br />
luz infrarroja {Es} * see infrared light {E}.<br />
luz infrarroja {Es} * see infrared light {E}.<br />
luz negra {Es} * see black light {E}.<br />
luz oblicua {Es} * see oblique light {E}.<br />
luz para iluminar cicloramas {Es} * see cyc light {E}.<br />
luz reflejada {Es} * see bounce light; reflected light {E}.<br />
luz reflejada desde los ojos {Es} * see eye light {E}.<br />
luz transmitida {Es} * see transmitted light {E}.<br />
luz ultravioleta (UV) {Es} * see ultraviolet light (UV) {E}.<br />
m --m<br />
.{D;E;Es;F} * abbreviation for mega-.<br />
M .{D;E;Es;F} * The standard for television containing 525<br />
lines and 30 frames per second; <strong>the</strong> NTSC standard.(10.)<br />
M II .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A pr<strong>of</strong>essional, digital video tape<br />
recording format with component signal coding using ½inch<br />
MP tape in cassette. 2) A second generation M format<br />
videotape system.10.<br />
M II (forma<strong>to</strong> Panasonic) .{Es} * see MII .{E}.<br />
M-format .{E} * see M .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
MAC .{E;Es;F} * acronym for multiple analogue<br />
component. .{D= ?}.<br />
MAC de alta definición .{Es} * see HDMAC .{E}.<br />
MAC format .{E} ** A channel coding format for wideband<br />
satellite transmissions <strong>of</strong> HDTV. It's predecessor was <strong>the</strong><br />
MUSE system; see MAC, MUSE, & HDTV. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
forma<strong>to</strong> MAC; F= format MAC}.<br />
MacGuffin .{D;E;Es;F} * Alfred Hitchcock's term for <strong>the</strong><br />
device or plot element which catches <strong>the</strong> viewer's attention<br />
or drives <strong>the</strong> logic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plot, especially in suspense films.<br />
According <strong>to</strong> Hitchcock, <strong>the</strong> macguffin can be discarded<br />
soon after it has served its purpose.30.<br />
machine à perforer pour éliminer le bruit de collure .{F} *<br />
see blooping machine .{E}.<br />
machine de net<strong>to</strong>yage des disques par le vide .{F} * see<br />
vacuum type record cleaning machine .{E}.<br />
machine parlante .{F} * see talking machine .{E}.<br />
machine speed .{E} * 1) The velocity <strong>of</strong> equipment. 2) In<br />
film-readable records .{E} * Documents, usually in code,<br />
recorded on a medium such as magnetic disk, magnetic<br />
tape, punched card, whose contents are accessible only<br />
by machine and organized in accordance with <strong>the</strong> principle<br />
<strong>of</strong> provenance as distinct from data archive; also called<br />
electronic records, computer readable records.(22.) .{D=<br />
maschinenlesbare Dokumente; maschinenlesbare Archive;<br />
Es= documen<strong>to</strong>s legibles por máquina; F=archive<br />
informatiques;}.<br />
machine-readable records/archives .{E} *<br />
Records/archives, usually in code, recorded on a medium<br />
such as a magnetic disk, magnetic tape, or punched card,<br />
whose contents are accessible only by machine and<br />
organized in accordance with <strong>the</strong> principle <strong>of</strong> prove-nance<br />
as distinct from data archive/s.(22.23.) .{D=<br />
maschinenlesbare Dokumente; maschinenlesbare Archive;<br />
Es= archivos legibles por máquina; documen<strong>to</strong>s legibles<br />
por máquina; F= enregistrements accessibles par
machine; archive enregistrées; archives informatiques}.<br />
machines parlantes .{F} * see talkeries .{E}.<br />
macho .{Es} * see plug .{E}.<br />
macroscopic .{E} * Large enough <strong>to</strong> be read without<br />
magnification, e.g., heading or title information on<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche.40. .{D= ?; Es= macroscópico; F=<br />
macroscopique}.<br />
macroscópico .{Es} * see macroscopic .{E}.<br />
macroscopique .{F} * see macroscopic .{E}.<br />
madre .{Es} * see mo<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
magasin .{F} * see magazine .{E;Es;F}.<br />
magasin de s<strong>to</strong>ckage .{F} * see stacks .{E}.<br />
Magazin .{D} * see magazine .{E;Es;F}.<br />
Magazin/e .{D} * see stacks .{E}.<br />
magazine .{E;Es;F} * 1) In motion picture film work, a lightpro<strong>of</strong><br />
container which feeds raw film s<strong>to</strong>ck through a<br />
motion picture camera and which takes it up after<br />
exposure.09. 2) A s<strong>to</strong>rage area. .{D= 1) Kassette; 2)<br />
Magazin; Es= 1) cargador; almacén; bombo; 2) magazine;<br />
revista cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica; 1) compartimen<strong>to</strong> portacarrete;<br />
bombo; chasis; 2) revista cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica ; F= magasin;<br />
chargeur; cassette}.<br />
Magazinierung .{D} * see shelving .{E}.<br />
magenta .{E;Es;F} * The colour blue-red; <strong>the</strong><br />
complementary colour <strong>to</strong> green or <strong>the</strong> minus-green<br />
subtractive primary used in <strong>the</strong> three-colour reproduction<br />
pro-cesses.(09.) .{D= purpur}.<br />
magic lantern .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first projection systems,<br />
invented in <strong>the</strong> 17th century by Athanasius Kircher,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> a metal box with a hole in one side covered<br />
by a lens; an image painted on a glass slide placed behind<br />
<strong>the</strong> lens is projected by means <strong>of</strong> a lamp inside <strong>the</strong><br />
box.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= linterna mágica; linterna de<br />
proyección; F= lanterne magique}.<br />
magnesium bicarbonate .{E} * A bicarbonate used in<br />
deacidifying papers. The bicarbonate is produced by<br />
passing carbon dioxide (CO2) through a solution <strong>of</strong><br />
magnesium carbonate. The document <strong>to</strong> be deacidified is<br />
immersed in a bath or sprayed with a solution <strong>of</strong> about 10<br />
grams <strong>of</strong> magnesium carbonate per litre <strong>of</strong> water that has<br />
been treated with CO2. The advantage <strong>of</strong> this method is<br />
that it is simple and effective; see also barrow process;<br />
deacidification.45. .{D= ?; Es= bicarbona<strong>to</strong> magnésico; F=<br />
carbonate de magnésium}.<br />
magnetic disk {E} * A flat, round, generally thin analogue<br />
or digital s<strong>to</strong>rage medium consisting <strong>of</strong> a magnetically<br />
chargeable material or coating substrate which can s<strong>to</strong>re<br />
data such as magnetic patterns; used mainly for personal<br />
computers; see also magnetic tape.(22.39.) {D=<br />
Magnetplatte; Es= disco magnético; F= disque<br />
magnétique}<br />
magnetic flux density .{E} * see maximum intrinsic flux<br />
density.<br />
magnetic instability .{E} * see instability.<br />
magnetic particles .{E} * Small pieces <strong>of</strong> material held in<br />
suspension in <strong>the</strong> binder <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape which can take<br />
and hold a magnetic charge. .{D= ?; Es= partículas<br />
magnéticas; F= particules magnétiques}.<br />
141<br />
magnetic tape .{E} * A flat, thin strip <strong>of</strong> material ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> being magnetically charged, or coated with<br />
particles capable <strong>of</strong> being magnetically charged, which is<br />
used for recording analogue or digital data.(22.) Coated<br />
materials are frequently gamma ferric oxide or chromium<br />
dioxide; some newer tapes use actual metal particles. The<br />
particles are usually <strong>of</strong> acicular shape, approach single<br />
domain size, and are held in a binder and lubricated.46.<br />
Magnetic tape is s<strong>to</strong>red on reels, in cassettes, and in<br />
cartridges. Standard width audio tape is ¼-inch, but<br />
compact cassette tape is .15-inch and video tape ranges<br />
from 8-mm <strong>to</strong> 2-inches in width. In film use it also comes<br />
in various formats compatible with super 8-mm, 16-mm,<br />
and 35-mm widths.(04.09.) .{D= Band; Magne<strong>to</strong>phonband;<br />
Magnetband; Es= banda magnética; cinta [banda]<br />
magnética (específicamente); F= bande magnétique}.<br />
magnetic tape base .{E} * The varied thickness backing for<br />
magnetic tape, usually acetate tape or polyester tape, but<br />
also paper, <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> magnetic particles is<br />
applied.(01.) .{D= Bandträgermaterial; Es= cinta [banda]<br />
magnética (genéricamente); F= support de bande<br />
magnétique}.<br />
magnetic track .{E} * Audio data, intended <strong>to</strong> accompany<br />
a moving-i-mage production, which has been recorded<br />
on<strong>to</strong> a film or tape that has been coated with a mag-netic<br />
recording medium.(09.) .{D= Magnetspur; Es= pista<br />
magnética ; F= piste magnétique}.<br />
magnetic wire .{E} * A means <strong>of</strong> magnetic recording<br />
patented by Danish inven<strong>to</strong>ry Valdemar Poulsen in 1900<br />
utilizing stainless steel line or wire. The wire is magnetized<br />
as it passes over <strong>the</strong> wire recorder head. Principal<br />
problems include mechanical breakage, tangling and<br />
snarling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wire, and rusting and breakage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
wire.Considered obsolete since <strong>the</strong> wide acceptance <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ration <strong>of</strong> wire recording<br />
is considerably less that for magnetic tape.(04.) .{D=<br />
Magnetdraht; Tondraht; Es= hilo magnético; F= fil<br />
magnétique}.<br />
magnetisch .{D} * see moving magnet .{E}.<br />
magnetischer Fluß .{D} * see flux .{E}; intrinsic flux .{E}.<br />
magnetite .{E} * see ferric oxide.<br />
magnetizing field strength .{E} * The instantaneous<br />
strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic field applied <strong>to</strong> a sample <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic material.46. .{D= ?; Es= fuerza del campo<br />
magnético; F= force de champ magnétisant}.<br />
magne<strong>to</strong>-optical recording (MOR) .{E} * An erasable<br />
optical disc system using magnetic media and LASER<br />
reading.39. .{D= magne<strong>to</strong>-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren;<br />
Es= grabación magne<strong>to</strong>óptica; F= enregistrement<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>-optique}.<br />
magne<strong>to</strong>-optical recording (MOR) {E} * An erasable optical<br />
disc system using magnetic media and LASER reading.39.<br />
{D= magne<strong>to</strong>-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren; Es=<br />
grabación magne<strong>to</strong>óptica; F= enregistrement<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>-optique}.<br />
magne<strong>to</strong>-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren .{D} * see<br />
magne<strong>to</strong>-optical recording (MOR) .{E}.<br />
magnetófono .{Es} * see audio tape recorder (ATR) .{E}.<br />
magnetófono de dos pistas .{Es} * see dual track recorder<br />
.{E}.<br />
magnetófono digital de cabeza rotacional .{Es} * see rotary<br />
head digital audio tape recorder (R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.<br />
magnetófono mon<strong>of</strong>ónico .{Es} * see monaural recorder<br />
.{E}; monophonic recorder .{E}.
Magne<strong>to</strong>phonband .{D} * see also magnetic tape .{E}.<br />
Magne<strong>to</strong>phonband .{D;E;Es;F} * The name for <strong>the</strong> first<br />
magnetic tape produced by I.G. Farben in 1935.<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>phone .{F} * see also Audio Tape Recorder;<br />
sound recording; tape player .{E}.<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>phone numérique à tête <strong>to</strong>urnante (R-DAT ou<br />
DAT) .{F} * see rotary head digital audio tape recorder (R-<br />
DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.<br />
Magne<strong>to</strong>phon .{D;E;Es;F} * The name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />
magnetic taperecorder produced by AEG in 1935.<br />
magné<strong>to</strong>scope .{F} * see videotape recorder .{E}.<br />
magne<strong>to</strong>scopio .{Es} * see videotape recorder .{E}.<br />
Magnetplatte .{D} * see magnetic disk .{E}.<br />
Magnetpulverband .{D} * see metal particle tape (MP) .{E}.<br />
Magnetspur .{D} * see magnetic track .{E}.<br />
magnification .{E} * In micr<strong>of</strong>orms, <strong>the</strong> linear ration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
size <strong>of</strong> an image <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original document when<br />
viewed by an optical instrument; also called enlargement<br />
ratio.(23.) .{D= Vergrößerungsgrad; Es= aumen<strong>to</strong>;<br />
amplificación; F= agrandissement; échelle<br />
d'agrandissement}.<br />
main entry .{E} * 1) The complete catalogue record <strong>of</strong> an<br />
item, presented in <strong>the</strong> form by which <strong>the</strong> entity is <strong>to</strong> be<br />
uniformly identified and cited; may include <strong>the</strong> tracings <strong>of</strong><br />
all o<strong>the</strong>r headings under which <strong>the</strong> bibliographic record is<br />
<strong>to</strong> be represented in <strong>the</strong> catalogue. 2) The single element<br />
which is chosen <strong>to</strong> begin <strong>the</strong> complete record and under<br />
which -drive mo<strong>to</strong>r. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= grand ressort; ressort<br />
principal}.<br />
maison de production .{F} * see production company .{E}.<br />
maître/esclave .{F} * see master/slave .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
Makrorille .{D} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
mal funcionamien<strong>to</strong> del tubo-pantalla debido a una luz<br />
muy brillante .{Es} * see bloom (5) .{E}.<br />
malla .{Es} * see grid .{E;F}.<br />
mancha .{Es} * see blemish .{E}; stain .{E}.<br />
mancha (borrosidad de la imagen) .{Es} * see smear .{E}.<br />
mancha de color marrón .{Es} * see brown stain .{E}.<br />
mancha de herrumbre .{Es} * see corrosion stain .{E}.<br />
mancha iónica .{Es} * see ion spot .{E}.<br />
mancha oscura .{Es} * see ion spot .{E}.<br />
manchado .{Es} * see mottled .{E}.<br />
manda<strong>to</strong>ry licence .{E} * see compulsory licence.<br />
mandrel .{E} * That part <strong>of</strong> a cylinder machine which<br />
carried <strong>the</strong> cylinder record, causing it <strong>to</strong> revolve under <strong>the</strong><br />
reproducing or recording stylus. In some Edison literature<br />
<strong>the</strong> mandrel is also called <strong>the</strong> cylinder or drum.(04.14.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= mandríl; soporte de arrollamien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
mandrin}.<br />
mandril transversal .{Es} * see traversing mandrel .{E}.<br />
mandríl .{Es} * see mandrel .{E}.<br />
142<br />
mandrin .{F} * see mandrel .{E}.<br />
mandrin (platine cylindres) .{F} * see carrier-arm .{E}.<br />
mandrin à mouvement transversal .{F} * see traversing<br />
mandrel .{E}.<br />
mangelnder Band-Kopf-Kontakt .{D} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head<br />
separation .{E}.<br />
mango de manivela .{Es} * see crank handle .{E}.<br />
manière noire .{F} * see mezzotint .{E}.<br />
manivelle .{F} * see crank handle .{E}.<br />
mantenimien<strong>to</strong> de enfoque .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong> focus (2) .{E}.<br />
mantenimien<strong>to</strong> de los fondos .{Es} * see collection<br />
maintenance .{E}.<br />
manual edit .{E} * A change made "on-<strong>the</strong>-fly" without<br />
preset entry or exit points. .{D= ?; Es= edición [inserción]<br />
manual; F= édition (insertion) manuelle}.<br />
manuscript .{E} * A document <strong>of</strong> any kind which is written<br />
by hand, or <strong>the</strong> text <strong>of</strong> a music or literary composition in<br />
hand-written or typescript form (including generated by a<br />
word processor), and which, in that form, has not been<br />
reproduced in multiple copies.07. .{D= ?; Es= manuscri<strong>to</strong>;<br />
F= manuscrit}.<br />
manuscrit .{F} * see manuscript .{E}.<br />
manuscri<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see manuscript .{E}.<br />
maqueta .{Es} * see mock-up .{E}; model .{E}; model shot<br />
.{E}.<br />
maqueta .{Es} * see model .{E}; model shot .{E}.<br />
maquette .{F} * see diorama .{E}; mock-up .{E}.<br />
máquina amiga .{Es} * see user friendly .{E}.<br />
máquina de fácil manejo .{Es} * see user friendly .{E}.<br />
máquina de limpieza de discos al vacío .{Es} * see vacuum<br />
type record cleaning machine .{E}.<br />
máquina edi<strong>to</strong>ra de películas .{Es} * see console (3) .{E;F}.<br />
máquina lec<strong>to</strong>ra .{Es} * see reader (2) .{E}.<br />
máquina para empalmar película .{Es} * see butt splicer<br />
.{E}.<br />
máquina parlante .{Es} * see talking machine .{E}.<br />
máquina perforadora de la película con la banda sonora<br />
.{Es} * see blooping machine .{E}.<br />
Máquina de Grabación Electrónica de Visión (BBC) .{Es}<br />
* see VERA .{E}.<br />
máquinas parlantes .{Es} * see talkeries .{E}.<br />
MARC .{E} * acronym for Machine Readable Cataloging.<br />
marca .{Es} * see cue marks .{E}; flag .{E}.<br />
marca (registrada) en la cinta .{Es} * see tape mark .{E}.<br />
marca de inicio .{Es} * see start mark .{E}.<br />
marca de paso .{Es} * see change-over cue .{E}.<br />
marca sensible de detección .{Es} * see sensing mark .{E}.
marcas .{Es} * see paper marks .{E}.<br />
marcas de abrasión .{Es} * see abrasion marks .{E}.<br />
marcas de origen electrostático .{Es} * see static marks<br />
.{E}.<br />
marcas de sincronización .{Es} * see sync marks .{E}.<br />
marcha imágen por imágen .{Es} * see single-frame<br />
exposure .{E}.<br />
marcha inversa .{Es} * see reverse motion .{E}.<br />
marche arrière .{F} * see reverse motion .{E}.<br />
marche d'escalier .{F} * see stair step .{E}.<br />
marco .{Es} * see chassis .{E}.<br />
marco de cartón (para montaje de obra gráfica) .{Es} * see<br />
window board .{E}.<br />
marco de codificación SMPTE/ANSI .{Es} * see<br />
SMPTE/ANSI Frame Coding .{E}.<br />
marco para diapositivas .{Es} * see slide mount .{E}.<br />
marcos de superposición .{Es} * see lap marks .{E}.<br />
marge interne .{F} * see inside margin .{E}.<br />
margen dinámico .{Es} * see dynamic range .{E}.<br />
margen interior .{Es} * see inside margin .{E}.<br />
margin (<strong>of</strong> disc) .{E} * see inside margin.<br />
mark-in .{E} * The procedure for establishing <strong>the</strong> beginning<br />
<strong>of</strong> a scene in a computer video editing system. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
señal de inicio; F= marquage début}.<br />
mark-out .{E} * The procedure for establishing <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong><br />
a scene in a computer video editing system. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
señal de fin; F= marquage fin}.<br />
Marke .{D} * see flag .{E}.<br />
Markennome .{D} * see label name .{E}.<br />
Markierung .{D} * see cue marks .{E}.<br />
marquage début .{F} * see mark-in .{E}.<br />
marquage fin .{F} * see mark-out .{E}.<br />
marquage sur le barillet .{F} * see barrel markings .{E}.<br />
marque .{F} * see cue; flag .{E}.<br />
marque .{F}. see cue .{E}.<br />
marque active .{F} * see sensing mark .{E}.<br />
marque de bande .{E} * see tape mark .{E}.<br />
marque de départ .{F} * see start mark .{E}.<br />
marque de détection .{F} * see sensing mark .{E}.<br />
marques .{F} * see lap marks .{E}.<br />
marques d'abrasion .{F} * see abrasion marks .{E}.<br />
marques d'origine électrostatique (pho<strong>to</strong>) .{F} * see static<br />
marks .{E}.<br />
marques de changement de bobine .{F} * see cue marks<br />
143<br />
.{E}.<br />
marques de synchronisation .{F} * see sync marks .{E}.<br />
marqueur/détecteur de fin de bande .{F} * see end-<strong>of</strong>-tape<br />
marker/sensor .{E}.<br />
married print .{E} * A positive print <strong>of</strong> a motion picture film<br />
including both sound and image; see also answer print;<br />
composite.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= copia estándar; copia tipo; F=<br />
copie standard}.<br />
marron de sécurité .{F} * see protection master; protection<br />
master .{E}.<br />
máscara .{Es} * see mat (matte) (1) .{E}.<br />
máscara (de objetivo) .{Es} * see vignette .{E}.<br />
máscara de abertura .{Es} * see aperture mask .{E}.<br />
máscara de sombras .{Es} * see cookie .{E}.<br />
máscara de televisión .{Es} * see tv mask .{E}.<br />
máscara perforada .{Es} * see aperture mask .{E}.<br />
maschinenlesbare Archive .{D} * see machine-readable<br />
records .{E}.<br />
maschinenlesbare Dokumente .{D} * see machinereadable<br />
records .{E}.<br />
mask .{E} * A shield placed before <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>of</strong> a movingimage<br />
camera or a projec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> block <strong>of</strong>f some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
picture; see also matte shot. .{D= Cache; Maske; Es=<br />
caché; F= masque; cache}.<br />
Maske .{D} * see mask .{E}.<br />
masquage .{F} * see concealment .{E}.<br />
masque .{F} * see mask; matte shot; tv mask; vignette;<br />
vignette .{E}.<br />
masque (tv) .{F} * see tv mask .{E}.<br />
masque à ombres .{F} * see cookie .{E}.<br />
masque d'écran .{F} * see aperture mask .{E}.<br />
masque d'objectif .{F} * see vignette .{E}.<br />
Mass .{D} * see gauge .{E}.<br />
master .{E;F} * 1) The original recording <strong>of</strong> a finished<br />
programme.39. 2) An item (i.e., audio, still- or movingimage,<br />
etc.) from which duplicates or intermediates can be<br />
obtained.(40.) 3) In disc recording, a metal part generated<br />
from a lacquer original which may be used <strong>to</strong> generate<br />
additional metal moulds by electr<strong>of</strong>orming or <strong>to</strong> press<br />
discs.(10.) 4) In film materials, <strong>the</strong> final negative, reversal<br />
positive, and/or intermediate or internegative film from<br />
which subsequent generations are made.(09.) 5) Any<br />
control that sets <strong>the</strong> level for a number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
controls.(10.) 6) In micro- pho<strong>to</strong>graphy -film/fiche, any film,<br />
but generally <strong>the</strong> camera micr<strong>of</strong>ilm, used <strong>to</strong> produce<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r reproductions, such as intermediates, distribution<br />
copies, or service copies.(40.) .{D= Original; Stammkopie;<br />
Es= 1) matriz; primera copia (original); 2) original a partir<br />
del que se obtienen copias; 3) galvano; negativo; F=<br />
matrice; original; bande mère}.<br />
master de conservation .{F} * see preservation master .{E}.<br />
master de sécurité .{F} * see protection master; safety<br />
master .{E}.
master de tirage/duplication .{F} * see printing/duplicating<br />
master .{E}.<br />
master disc .{E} * A finished disc recording in edited or<br />
approved form from which copies can be made in <strong>the</strong><br />
record producing process. It is used <strong>to</strong> produce a reverse<br />
copy or metal matrix which has ridges instead <strong>of</strong> grooves<br />
that is <strong>the</strong>n used as a stamper for producing copies in <strong>the</strong><br />
single-step process, or is used <strong>to</strong> produce a metal 'mo<strong>the</strong>r'<br />
in <strong>the</strong> three-step process.(04.10.) .{D= ?; Es= disco matriz;<br />
F= disque matrice}.<br />
master erase head .{E} * A magnetic head capable <strong>of</strong><br />
erasing <strong>the</strong> entire width <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape.10. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
cabeza de barrido <strong>to</strong>tal; F= tête d'effacement <strong>to</strong>tal}.<br />
master matching .{E} * The act <strong>of</strong> cutting or o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
preparing shots from an original or master moving-image<br />
production <strong>to</strong> match <strong>the</strong> edited workprint. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
montaje original; F= montage master}.<br />
master métallique .{F} * see metal master .{E}.<br />
master mirroir .{F} * see mirror master .{E}.<br />
master négatif de conservation .{F} * see preservation<br />
master negative .{E}.<br />
master negative .{E} * A duplicate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera negative<br />
film used <strong>to</strong> generate positive prints.22.23. .{D=<br />
Originalnegativ; Es= negativo original; negativo; F= négatif<br />
master; négatif original}.<br />
master positive .{E} * A timed print made from a negative<br />
original and from which a duplicate negative is made.09.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= positivo original; F= positif pour contretype;<br />
positif master}.<br />
master shot .{E} * Single shot <strong>of</strong> an entire scene taken <strong>to</strong><br />
facili-tate <strong>the</strong> assembly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> component closer shots and<br />
details; also called cover shot.30. .{D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma de<br />
conjun<strong>to</strong>; plano general; F= plan séquence}.<br />
master/slave .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A system <strong>of</strong> high-speed<br />
duplication <strong>of</strong> materials, usually magnetic, where two or<br />
more pieces <strong>of</strong> equipment are electronically calibrated and<br />
controlled <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> start, accelerate, and s<strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
in order <strong>to</strong> produce multiple copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> master at a<br />
single pass. 2) A system, used in computing or videotape<br />
editing, in which a master computer or controller<br />
determines <strong>the</strong> actions <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r computers or<br />
recorders.(10.) .{F= maître/esclave; Es= sistema de<br />
duplicación de alta velocidad}.<br />
master tape .{E} * A completed tape, used in tape-<strong>to</strong>-disc<br />
transfer, or from which o<strong>the</strong>r tape copies are produced. In<br />
commercial record production, <strong>the</strong> equivalent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> master<br />
disc and is controlled as <strong>the</strong> original recording from which<br />
all record and/or tape copies for distribution will come.(04.)<br />
.{D= Originalband; Es= cinta original; F= bande master}.<br />
mastering .{E;F} * 1) The process <strong>of</strong> making a master. 2)<br />
The process <strong>of</strong> transferring programme data (audio, film,<br />
video, etc.) from an original <strong>to</strong> a master for subsequent<br />
electr<strong>of</strong>orming. .{D= Mastering; Es= proceso de<br />
elaboración de un original}.<br />
Mastering .{D} * see mastering .{E}.<br />
mat board .{E} * A layered paperboard available in several<br />
shades and colours, traditionally made from all-rag fibre<br />
and used in <strong>the</strong> framing <strong>of</strong> works <strong>of</strong> art or pho<strong>to</strong>graphs.<br />
Thickness is measured in layers or 'plies': 2-ply, 4-ply, 6ply.<br />
Used for many conservation purposes and no longer<br />
exclusively composed <strong>of</strong> rag fibres.(32.) .{D= ?; Es= cartón<br />
de montaje; F= cadre}.<br />
match cut .{E} * A cut in moving-image productions in<br />
144<br />
which <strong>the</strong> same person and/or object is shown. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
corte invisible; F= coupure non sensible}.<br />
material antisonoro .{Es} * see gobo (5) .{E}.<br />
material cilíndrico para grabaciones .{Es} * see celluloid (3,<br />
4) .{E;F}.<br />
material de contratipo .{Es} * see duping material .{E}.<br />
material de envolver .{Es} * see pack .{E}.<br />
material opaco que mediante una luz proyecta la<br />
sensación de imágenes .{Es} * see cucolouris .{E}.<br />
material virgen .{Es} * see raw s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E}.<br />
materiales concomitantes .{Es} * see accompanying<br />
material .{E}.<br />
materiales concomitantes [de acompañamien<strong>to</strong>] .{Es} *<br />
see accompanying material .{E}.<br />
materiales de poliéster pretensados para aumentar su<br />
resistencia longitudinal .{Es} * see tensilized .{E}.<br />
materiales fabricados a la misma vez .{Es} * see batch<br />
.{E}.<br />
materiales inédi<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see unedi-print materials .{E}.<br />
materiales táctiles (concebidos especialmente para<br />
ciegos) .{Es} * see tactile materials .{E}.<br />
matérials tactiles .{F} * see tactile materials .{E}.<br />
matériaux non imprimés .{F} * see non-print materials .{E}.<br />
matériel .{F} * see hardware; material .{E}.<br />
matériel d'accompagnement .{F} * see accompanying<br />
material .{E}.<br />
matériel pornographique .{F} * see hard core material .{E}.<br />
matière de remplissage .{F} * see filler .{E}.<br />
matiz .{Es} * see hue .{E}.<br />
matriçage .{F} * see matrixing .{E}.<br />
matrice .{F} * see master; matrix .{E}.<br />
matrice de commutation .{F} * see routing switcher .{E}.<br />
matrice de pressage estampeuse{F} * see stamper .{E}.<br />
matrice de verre .{F} * see glass master .{D;E}.<br />
matrices .{E;F} * The plural <strong>of</strong> matrix. .{D= Matrizen; Es=<br />
matriz; codificador cromático}.<br />
matrix .{E} * 1) The television circuit that transforms <strong>the</strong> i,<br />
q, and y signals in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour signals. 2) The metal<br />
negative mould (with ridges instead <strong>of</strong> grooves) <strong>of</strong> an<br />
original master disc; in <strong>the</strong> record production process it<br />
can be used ei<strong>the</strong>r as a stamper for producing pressings,<br />
or <strong>to</strong> create a 'mo<strong>the</strong>r' from which <strong>the</strong> stamper is<br />
made.(04.) 3) A strip <strong>of</strong> film used for transferring dye in<br />
proportion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> imposed relief images in<br />
some colour film printing.(10.) .{D= Matr-4) (Switcher). A<br />
combination or array <strong>of</strong> electromechanical or electronic<br />
switches that route a number <strong>of</strong> signal sources <strong>to</strong> one or<br />
more destinations. .{F= matrice; D= ?; Es= matriz; F=<br />
matrice}.<br />
matriz .{Es?} * see matrix .{E}.
matriz .{Es} * see master (1); matrices; matrix; stamper;<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne (2) .{E}.<br />
Matrize .{D} * see matrix .{E}.<br />
Matrizen .{D} * see matrices; metal master .{E}.<br />
Matrizennummer .{D} * see matrix number .{E}.<br />
matte .{E} * see mat.<br />
matte shot .{E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> film which is opaque in part <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> frame area which, when printed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with a regular<br />
shot, masks part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action and allows ano<strong>the</strong>r scene <strong>to</strong><br />
be printed in <strong>the</strong> masked <strong>of</strong>f area. Sometimes called<br />
travelling matte.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= plano con catch; F= ?}.<br />
mauvaises lumières (de tirage) .{F} * see mislights .{E}.<br />
máximo desplazamien<strong>to</strong> radial cresta a cresta de cualquier<br />
pista de la superficie de grabación .{Es} * see radial <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
truncated run out (TIR) .{E}.<br />
maximum density (D-MAX) .{E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
shoulder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic curve where fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
increases in exposure on negative film or decreases in<br />
exposure on reversal film will produce no increase in<br />
density; see also maximum intrinsic flux density.09. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= densidad máxima; F= densité maximum}.<br />
maximum undis<strong>to</strong>rted output .{E} * see output.<br />
maxwells .{E} * A unit <strong>of</strong> measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flux density,<br />
named after <strong>the</strong> Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell.<br />
MC .{E} * acronym for moving coil; see also pickup.<br />
ME .{E} * acronym for metal evaporated tape.<br />
mean track centreline .{E} * For optical media, <strong>the</strong> average<br />
centreline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> read and write track.46. .{D= ?; Es= línea<br />
central de lectura de la pista (de grabación); F= ligne<br />
centrale moyenne de la piste}.<br />
mécanisme Bell & Howell .{F} * see Bell & Howell<br />
mechanism .{E}.<br />
mécanisme d'entraînement de la bande .{F} * see tape<br />
transport .{E}.<br />
mécanisme d'entraînement et de contrôle de vitesse du<br />
film .{F} * see pull-down mechanism .{E}.<br />
mécanisme régulateur .{F} * see governor .{E}.<br />
mecanismo Bell & Howell .{Es} * see Bell & Howell<br />
mechanism .{E}.<br />
mecanismo trac<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see pull-down mechanism .{E}.<br />
mecha .{Es} * see squib .{E}.<br />
mechanical damage .{E} * Damage caused <strong>to</strong> an item by<br />
physical manipulation in s<strong>to</strong>rage, handling, or use,<br />
including internal movement caused by rapid fluctuations<br />
in humidity and tempera-ture.(32.) .{D= mechanische<br />
Beschädigung; Es= daño mecánico; F= dégradation<br />
mécanique}.<br />
mechanical recording .{E} * see acoustical recording.<br />
mechanical rights .{E} * The rights in some countries (i.e.,<br />
<strong>the</strong> U.S.) <strong>to</strong> reproduce a copyrighted musical work on<br />
records or tapes; see also compulsory licence.(10.) .{D=<br />
mechanische Rechte; Es= derechos de reproducción; F=<br />
droits de reproduction mécanique; droits méchanique}.<br />
mechanical scanning .{E} * The type <strong>of</strong> television scanning<br />
145<br />
that used rotating drums, discs, vibrating mirrors, etc.;<br />
based on Paul Nipkow's 1884 invention and used in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
1930s.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= exploración mecánica; F=<br />
balayage mécanique}.<br />
mechanical sound carrier .{E} * An audio reproducing<br />
device, such as a piano or organ roll, music box disc, or<br />
barrel organ roll, which uses various apparatuses <strong>to</strong><br />
mechanically reproduce sounds; see also barrel organ<br />
cylinder; msuic box disc; organ roll; perforated disc; piano<br />
roll. .{D= mechanischer Schallträger; mechanischer<br />
Tonträger; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
mechanically accessible zone .{E} * The annular area on<br />
and surrounding an optical disc which <strong>the</strong> optical head can<br />
access, unimpeded by <strong>the</strong> disc or cartridge structure, with<br />
<strong>the</strong> disc mounted on a spindle.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= zona<br />
accesible mecánicamente; F= zone de lecture}.<br />
mechanische Beschädigung .{D} * see mechanical<br />
damage .{E}.<br />
mechanische Rechte .{D} * see mechanical rights .{E}.<br />
mechanischer Schallträger .{D} * see mechanical sound<br />
carrier .{E}.<br />
mechanischer Schnitt .{D} * see cut editing .{E}.<br />
mechanischer Tonträger .{D} * see mechanical sound<br />
carrier .{E}.<br />
media .{E} * see medium.<br />
media .{F} * see medium (media) .{E}.<br />
media interactif .{F} * see interactive media .{E}.<br />
media pista .{Es} * see half-track .{E}.<br />
mediatinta .{Es} * see mezzotint .{E}.<br />
medida de fluidez por pulgada cuadrada .{Es} * see<br />
pounds per square inch gauge .{E}.<br />
medida de la definición de una emulsión .{Es} * see<br />
meshbeat .{E}.<br />
medida de óxido .{Es} * see oxide loading .{E}.<br />
medidor de fo<strong>to</strong>sensibilidad .{Es} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>meter .{E}.<br />
medidor de la decoloración .{Es} * see fadeometer .{E}.<br />
medidor de ultravioleta modelo Crawford 760 .{Es} * see<br />
Crawford UV moni<strong>to</strong>r type 760 .{E}.<br />
medidor V/U .{Es} * see V/U-Meter .{D}.<br />
medio interactivo .{Es} * see interactive media .{E}.<br />
medio <strong>to</strong>no .{Es} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
medium .{F} * see medium (media) .{E}.<br />
medium (media) .{E} * A material or base on which<br />
information is s<strong>to</strong>red or transmitted.39. .{D=<br />
Speichermedium; Es= soporte; F= media; support}.<br />
medium contrast .{E} * A relationship <strong>of</strong> image <strong>to</strong>nes in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> light and dark areas are represented by average<br />
or normal differ-ences in density.40. .{D= ?; Es= contraste<br />
medio [normal]; F= contraste normal}.<br />
medium shot .{E} * A shot intermediate between a close-up<br />
and a full shot.30. .{D= Halbnah; Es= plano medio; F= plan<br />
moyen}.
medium term s<strong>to</strong>rage conditions .{E} * S<strong>to</strong>rage conditions<br />
suitable for <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> recorded information for a<br />
minimum <strong>of</strong> ten years. .{D= ?; Es= condiciones de<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> para la conservación a medio plazo; F=<br />
conditions de s<strong>to</strong>ckage à moyen terme}.<br />
medium-term film .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film that is suitable<br />
for <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> records for a minimum <strong>of</strong> ten years<br />
when s<strong>to</strong>red under proper conditions, if <strong>the</strong> original film<br />
was processed correctly; see also archival film; long-term<br />
film; short-term film.40. .{D= ?; Es= película de<br />
conservación a medio plazo; F= film à moyen terme}.<br />
mega- (m) .{D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one million.<br />
megaHertz (mHz) .{D;E;Es;F} * One million Hertz.<br />
mélange .{F} * see mix; mixage; mixing tracks .{E}.<br />
mélange sonore .{F} * see mixage .{E}.<br />
mélangeur .{F} * see mixer .{E}.<br />
Melinex .{D;E;Es;F} * A strong, <strong>to</strong>ugh, dimensionally<br />
stable clear polyester film used for encapsulating flat<br />
objects; see also encapsulation; polyester.<br />
mella .{Es} * see nick .{E}.<br />
melladura .{Es} * see nick .{E}.<br />
Membran .{D} * see diaphragm .{E}.<br />
membrana .{Es} * see diaphragm (2) .{E}.<br />
membrane .{F} * see diaphragm .{E}.<br />
membrete .{Es} * see heading .{E}.<br />
mémoire .{F} * see memory .{E}.<br />
mémoire à accès aléa<strong>to</strong>ire .{F} * see random access<br />
memory (RAM) .{E}.<br />
mémoire à écriture unique .{F} * see write-once media<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
mémoire à lecture seule .{F} * see read-only-memory<br />
(ROM) .{E}.<br />
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement .{F} *<br />
see compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) .{D;E}.<br />
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement et à<br />
architecture étendue .{F} * see compact disc-read only<br />
memory extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) .{D;E}.<br />
mémoire tampon .{F} * see buffer .{E}.<br />
memoria .{Es} * see memory .{E}.<br />
memoria de acceso alea<strong>to</strong>rio .{Es} * see random access<br />
memory (RAM) .{E}.<br />
memoria de da<strong>to</strong>s fijos .{Es} * see read-only-memory<br />
(ROM) .{E}.<br />
memoria de escritura única .{Es} * see write-once media<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
memoria de lectura solamente .{Es} * see read-onlymemory<br />
(ROM) .{E}.<br />
memoria de responsabilidad .{Es} * see statement <strong>of</strong><br />
responsibility .{E}.<br />
memoria intermedia .{Es} * see buffer (1) .{E}.<br />
146<br />
memoria ROM .{Es} * see read-only-memory (ROM)<br />
memory .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, a device<br />
for s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> intensity information for combinations <strong>of</strong><br />
luminaire (cues or presets) for use during <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
production. 2) Any recording device in<strong>to</strong> which information<br />
can be s<strong>to</strong>red and later retrieved; also called s<strong>to</strong>rage. 3) In<br />
computer and related technology, <strong>the</strong> integrated circuits<br />
that s<strong>to</strong>re instructions in ROM or information in<br />
RAM.(10.22.) 4) The tendency <strong>of</strong> a physical item <strong>to</strong> return<br />
<strong>to</strong> its original form or shape. .{D= Datenspeicher; Speicher;<br />
Es= memoria; F= mémoire}.<br />
memory counter .{E} * The transport device in a magnetic<br />
tape recorder which returns <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>to</strong> a preset location.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= contador de memoria; F= compteur mémoire}.<br />
mending .{E} * Minor res<strong>to</strong>ration <strong>of</strong> an item not involving<br />
<strong>the</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> any material. Not so complete a<br />
rehabilitation as repairing.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= restauración;<br />
F= raccommodage}.<br />
mention d'édition .{F} * see edition statement .{E}.<br />
menu .{E;F} * In a computer, audio, video or ancillary<br />
production equipment, a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> options available <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
user.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= menú}.<br />
menú .{Es} * see menu .{E}.<br />
menu-driven .{E} * In a computer, audio, video, or ancillary<br />
production equipment, s<strong>of</strong>tware controlled through<br />
menus.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= controlado por menú; F= logiciel<br />
par menu}.<br />
mère .{F} * see mo<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
merma .{Es} * see shrinkage .{E}.<br />
mesa de control .{Es} * see console (1) .{E;F}.<br />
mesa de montaje .{Es} * see editing table .{E}.<br />
mesa luminosa .{Es} * see light table .{E}.<br />
Meßband .{D} * see alignment tape .{E}.<br />
mesure de la définition d'une émulsion .{F} * see image<br />
structure .{E}.<br />
metal evaporated tape (ME) .{E} * Magnetic tape with a<br />
pure metal coating applied under high vacuum; enables<br />
<strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong> ultra short wave lengths; used for video<br />
Hi-8 formats. .{D= Magnetband mit aufgedampfter<br />
Metallschicht; Es= cinta de metal evaporado; F= bande<br />
métal à évaporation}.<br />
metal master .{E} * In disc manufacturing, <strong>the</strong> metal part<br />
produced from <strong>the</strong> original disc. .{D= metal Master;<br />
Matrizen; Es= (grabación) original de metal; F= original;<br />
père; master métallique}.<br />
metal Master .{D} * see metal master .{E}.<br />
metal part .{E} * see metal master.<br />
metal particle tape (MP) .{E} * Magnetic tape with a coating<br />
<strong>of</strong> pure metal particles dispersed in its binder; generally<br />
conceded <strong>to</strong> have a higher coercivity and sensitivity when<br />
compared with o<strong>the</strong>r tapes.(04.) .{D= Magnetpulverband;<br />
Es= cinta de partículas; F= bande à particules<br />
métalliques}.<br />
metalización .{Es} * see metallization .{E}.<br />
metallization .{E} * A step in <strong>the</strong> CD replication process in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> polycarbonate substrate is coated with metal <strong>to</strong><br />
provide reflectivity.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= metalización; F=
métallisation}.<br />
meter .{E} * An electronic or electrical moni<strong>to</strong>ring device;<br />
see also metre. .{D= Anzeigelgerät; ?; Es= metro; F=<br />
mètre}.<br />
methacrylic acid .{E} * An acid achieved in making acrylic<br />
resins or plastics. .{D= ?; Es= ácido metacrílico; F= acide<br />
méthacrylique}.<br />
méthode au bleu de méthylène .{F} * see methylene-blue<br />
method .{E}.<br />
méthode densi<strong>to</strong>métrique (argent) .{F} * see densi<strong>to</strong>metric<br />
method (silver) .{E}.<br />
methyl cellulose .{E} * Cellulose <strong>of</strong> methyl e<strong>the</strong>r, produced<br />
by treating cellulose from wood or cot<strong>to</strong>n with an alkali,<br />
such as sodium hydroxide, followed by methyl chloride.<br />
Methyl cellulose is a white granular solid, soluble in cold<br />
water but insoluble in hot water. It is used as an additive in<br />
adhesives <strong>to</strong> increase film strength, flexibility and<br />
adhesion; see also adhesive.45. .{D= ?; Es= metilcelulosa;<br />
F= méthyl cellulose}.<br />
méthyl cellulose .{F} * see methyl cellulose .{E}.<br />
methylene-blue .{E} * A chemical dye formed during <strong>the</strong><br />
testing <strong>of</strong> archival permanence <strong>of</strong> processed microimages<br />
using <strong>the</strong> methylene-b-lue method used <strong>to</strong> test for residual<br />
hypo; see also densi<strong>to</strong>metric method (silver); residual hypo<br />
test.40. .{D= ?; Es= azul de metileno; F= bleu de<br />
méthylène}.<br />
methylene-blue method .{E} * A procedure used <strong>to</strong> test for<br />
residual hypo. .{D= ?; Es= mé<strong>to</strong>do del azul de metileno; F=<br />
méthode au bleu de méthylène}.<br />
metilcelulosa .{Es} * see methyl cellulose .{E}.<br />
mé<strong>to</strong>do cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico .{Es} * see ciné mode .{E;F}.<br />
mé<strong>to</strong>do del azul de metileno .{Es} * see methylene-blue<br />
method .{E}.<br />
mé<strong>to</strong>do densi<strong>to</strong>métrico (cantidad plata) .{Es} * see<br />
densi<strong>to</strong>metric method (silver) .{E}.<br />
metre .{E} * A basic unit <strong>of</strong> length in <strong>the</strong> metric system,<br />
equal <strong>to</strong> 39.37 inches; also spelled meter .{E/US}. .{D=<br />
Anzeigegerät; Es= metro; F= mètre}.<br />
mètre .{F} * see meter .{E}.<br />
metro .{Es} * see meter .{E}.<br />
metros lineales .{Es} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt)<br />
.{E}.<br />
metteur en scène .{E;F} * A now widely used French term<br />
—sometimes deroga<strong>to</strong>ry— for direc<strong>to</strong>r; see also<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r(30.) .{D= ?; Es= direc<strong>to</strong>r (de escena)}.<br />
metteur en scène .{F}. see direc<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es}.<br />
mezcla .{Es} * see dubbing .{E}; mix .{E}; mixing, mixage<br />
.{E}.<br />
mezcla de grabaciones (sonoras) .{Es} * see mixing tracks<br />
.{E}.<br />
mezclacolor .{Es} * see mixer .{E}.<br />
mezclador .{Es} * see mixer (2) .{E}.<br />
mezclar .{Es} * see mix .{E}; mixer (1) .{E}.<br />
147<br />
mezzotint .{E} * 1) A process <strong>of</strong> engraving on copper or<br />
steel in which <strong>the</strong> entire surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plate is slightly<br />
roughened, after which <strong>the</strong> drawing is traced and <strong>the</strong> plate<br />
smoo<strong>the</strong>d in places by scraping, burnishing, etc., <strong>to</strong><br />
produce <strong>the</strong> desired light and shade effect. 2) An<br />
engraving produced by <strong>the</strong> mezzotint process.19. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= mediatinta; mezzotinta; F= manière noire; graveur à<br />
la manière noire}.<br />
mezzotinta .{Es} * see mezzotint .{E}.<br />
micro-ordinateur .{F} * see microcomputer .{E}.<br />
microambiente .{Es} * see microenvironment .{E}.<br />
Microcard .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A trade-mark <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Microcard<br />
Corporation which refers exclusively <strong>to</strong> 3-inch x 5-inch<br />
cards with microimages arranged in rows and columns on<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper. 2) The term is more generically used<br />
<strong>to</strong> indicate an opaque card <strong>of</strong> varying size on which<br />
microcopies have been reproduced pho<strong>to</strong>graphically. A<br />
micro-card resembles micr<strong>of</strong>iche with eye readable<br />
descriptive data at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> card; it differs from o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orms in that <strong>the</strong> prints are positive as well as being<br />
opaque, and cannot be directly reproduced. A microcard<br />
is not readable (except for <strong>the</strong> heading) without optical aid<br />
in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a specially-made reader.(22.19.) Also called<br />
microprint, micro-opaque. .{D= Mikrokarte; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>icha<br />
opaca; F= microcarte}.<br />
microcarte .{F} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
microcassette .{E} * see cassette.<br />
microcinema<strong>to</strong>grafía .{Es} * see microcinema<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
microcinéma<strong>to</strong>graphie .{F} * see microcinema<strong>to</strong>graphy<br />
.{E}.<br />
microcinema<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E} * .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=<br />
microcinéma<strong>to</strong>graphie}.<br />
microcinema<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E} * 1) The pho<strong>to</strong>graphing <strong>of</strong><br />
objects intermediate in size between those requiring<br />
magnification by a microscope and those which can be<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed by a normal lens.30. 2) Cinema<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy through a micro-scope.30. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
microcinema<strong>to</strong>grafía; F= microcinéma<strong>to</strong>graphie}.<br />
microclima .{Es} * see microenvironment .{E}.<br />
microcomputer .{E} * 1) A generic term indicating a<br />
computer with limited capabilities. 2) A personal or desk<strong>to</strong>p<br />
computer.22.10. .{D= Mikrocomputer; Es=<br />
microordenador; F= micro-ordinateur}.<br />
microcopia .{Es} * see microcopy; microprint .{E}.<br />
microcopie .{F} * see microcopy .{E}.<br />
microcopy .{E} * A copy, usually obtained by pho<strong>to</strong>graphy,<br />
in a size <strong>to</strong> small <strong>to</strong> be read without magnification.22.23.<br />
.{D= Mikrokopie; Es= microcopia; F= microcopie}.<br />
microcuvette .{F} * see pit .{D;E}.<br />
microdensi<strong>to</strong>meter .{E} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter.<br />
microenvironment .{E} * Atmospheric conditions inside an<br />
enclosure, generally inside a container for a single item. A<br />
microenvironment cab acts as a buffer against outside<br />
changes in temperature and humidity as well as <strong>to</strong> protect<br />
against most air pollutants, or it can seal <strong>the</strong> varying<br />
harmful elements and gasses <strong>of</strong> decomposition in, thus<br />
potentially increasing <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> deterioration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
packaged item.(32.) .{D= ?; Es= microclima;<br />
microambiente; F= microenvironnement}.
microenvironnement .{F} * see microenvironment .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>icha .{Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>iche .{E;F}; sheet micr<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />
.{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>icha opaca .{Es} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche .{E;F} * A flat sheet <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film<br />
standardized at 105 x 148-mm (about 4 x 6-inches) and 75<br />
x 125-mm (about 3 x 5-inches), with descriptive data at <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>to</strong>p which can be read by <strong>the</strong> naked eye. Fiche contain<br />
micro-images <strong>of</strong> data, pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, text, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
information in horizontal and vertical rows. The standard<br />
size <strong>of</strong> a frame is 11.25-mm x 16-mm (single) and 23-mm<br />
x 16-mm (double). When a document is <strong>to</strong>o long <strong>to</strong> be<br />
recorded on one micr<strong>of</strong>iche, each subsequent one is<br />
called a 'trailer' micr<strong>of</strong>iche. Micr<strong>of</strong>iche can be ei<strong>the</strong>r a<br />
positive copy printed from strips <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm, an actual<br />
frame cut from micr<strong>of</strong>ilm (usually 70-mm film), or made<br />
directly with a step-and-repeat camera. The sheets may be<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red vertically like catalogue cards but require envelopes<br />
<strong>to</strong> protect <strong>the</strong>m from damage; also called 'fiche'; see also<br />
ultrafiche; com.(19.22.) .{D= Mikr<strong>of</strong>iche; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>icha}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche reader .{E} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E;F} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film containing<br />
microimages. The term normally refers <strong>to</strong> roll film<br />
sufficiently long <strong>to</strong> be placed on reels, cartridges, or<br />
cassettes and retrieved by manual or au<strong>to</strong>matic means.<br />
Images may be positive or negative and rolls may be 8-,<br />
16-, 35- or 70-mm wide and up <strong>to</strong> several thousand feet<br />
long. Rolls can be cut <strong>to</strong> produce micr<strong>of</strong>iche.01.(22.) .{D=<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilme}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm camera .{E;F} * A camera for making micr<strong>of</strong>ilm;<br />
see also planetary camera; rotary camera; step-and-repeat<br />
camera. .{D= ?; Es= cámara de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de première génération .{F} * see first<br />
reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de primera generación .{Es} * see firstgeneration<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de seconde génération .{F} * see second<br />
generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de seconde reproduction .{F} * see second<br />
reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de segunda generación .{Es} * see first<br />
reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm en feuille .{F} * see sheet micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket .{E} * A transparent holder in<strong>to</strong> which<br />
individual strips <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm may be inserted.22.23. .{D=<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm-jacket; Es= funda [jacket] de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm; funda;<br />
jacket; F= pochette micr<strong>of</strong>ilm; jaquette}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orme en entrée d'ordinateur .{F} * see<br />
computer input micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (CIM) .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orme en sortie d'ordinateur .{F} * see<br />
computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (COM) .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm original .{F} * see camera micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm positif .{F} * see positive micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm reader .{E} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm strip .{E} * A segment <strong>of</strong> roll micr<strong>of</strong>ilm that is<br />
usually inserted in<strong>to</strong> a micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket.22.23. .{D=<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmstreifen; Es= tira de película; F= bande de<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm; micr<strong>of</strong>ilm en bande}.<br />
148<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación de consulta .{Es} * see reference<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación de preservación .{Es} * see preservation<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de référence .{F} * see reference micr<strong>of</strong>ilming<br />
.{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de substitution .{F} * see disposal<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme .{Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E;F}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme de segunda generación .{Es} * see second<br />
generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme de segunda reproducción .{Es} * see second<br />
reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme en rollo .{Es} * see roll micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme para cámara .{Es} * see camera micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilme positivo .{Es} * see positive micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>onías .{Es} * see microphonics .{E}.<br />
micrófono .{Es} * see microphone (mic/mike) .{E;F}.<br />
micrófono cerámico .{Es} * see ceramic microphone .{E}.<br />
micrófono de cristal .{Es} * see crystal mic/mike .{E}.<br />
micrófono de reluctancia variable .{Es} * see reluctance<br />
microphone .{E}.<br />
micrófono dinámico .{Es} * see dynamic microphone .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader .{E} * An optical device for viewing a<br />
projected and enlarged microimage.22. .{D=<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmlesegerät; Mikr<strong>of</strong>ichelesegerät; Lesegerät; Es=<br />
apara<strong>to</strong>r lec<strong>to</strong>r de micr<strong>of</strong>ormas; apara<strong>to</strong>r lec<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
appareil de lecture; lecteur de micr<strong>of</strong>ormes}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orma .{Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orma sobre soporte óptico .{Es} * see microopaque<br />
.{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orme .{F} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm .{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orme sur support opaque .{F} * see microopaque<br />
.{E}.<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>o<strong>to</strong>grafía .{Es} * see micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
micrografía .{Es} * see micrographics .{E}.<br />
micrographics .{E} * The science and technology <strong>of</strong><br />
creating microimages: designing indexing, s<strong>to</strong>rage, and<br />
retrieval systems for <strong>the</strong>m; or using <strong>the</strong>m in a micrographic<br />
system. Micrographics is generally considered a sub-field<br />
<strong>of</strong> reprography.40.(22.) .{D= Mikrographie; Es=<br />
micrografía; F= micrographie}.<br />
micrographie .{F} * see micrographics .{E}.<br />
micrographie .{F} * see micrographics .{E}.<br />
microgroove .{E} * 1) A generic term indicating any form <strong>of</strong><br />
small grooved item. 2) A groove, usually on a disc or a<br />
cylinder, with nominal width at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, or widest part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
groove, <strong>of</strong> 3 mils. 3) A type <strong>of</strong> disc audio recording having<br />
200 <strong>to</strong> 300 or more grooves per inch, suitable for<br />
reproduction by a stylus having a tip radius <strong>of</strong> 1 mil or less.<br />
Contemporary LP recordings are microgroove, as opposed
<strong>to</strong> 'coarse' groove for older 78-RPM discs.(04.) .{D=<br />
Mikrorille; Es= microsurco; F= microsillon}.<br />
microgroove disc .{E} * see microgroove.<br />
microimage .{E;F} * An image <strong>to</strong>o small <strong>to</strong> be read or<br />
successfully viewed without magnification.(22.23.) .{D=<br />
Mikrobild; Es= microimagen}.<br />
microimagen .{Es} * see microimage .{E}.<br />
micromanchas (naranjas) .{Es} * see microspots .{E}.<br />
micromire .{E} * see mire.<br />
microondas .{Es} * see microwave .{E}.<br />
microonde .{F} * see microwave .{E}.<br />
microopaque .{E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> an object (i.e., page <strong>of</strong><br />
manuscript, book, pho<strong>to</strong>graph, et al.) made by means <strong>of</strong><br />
micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>the</strong> textual or o<strong>the</strong>r data being on<br />
opaque paper or card. May be made ei<strong>the</strong>r by<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or printing methods; see also microcard.(19.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>orma sobre soporte óptico; F=<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>orme sur support opaque}.<br />
microordenador .{Es} * see microcomputer .{E}.<br />
microphone .{F} * see microphone (mic; mike) .{E;F}.<br />
microphone à réluctance .{F} * see reluctance microphone<br />
.{E}.<br />
microphone céramique .{F} * see ceramic microphone .{E}.<br />
microphone dynamique .{F} * see dynamic microphone;<br />
.{E}.<br />
microphone/micro à cristal .{F} * see cube .{E}.<br />
microphonic bars .{E} * Wide horizontal bars on a<br />
television picture caused by interference.10. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
bandas (horizontales) por micr<strong>of</strong>onía; F= barres<br />
microphoniques}.<br />
microphonics .{E} * 1) The audio noise caused by<br />
mechanical vibration or shock. 2) In video transmission,<br />
<strong>the</strong> mechanical vibration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> an electron<br />
tube resulting in a questionable modulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> normal<br />
signal, usually resulting in erratically spaced horizontal<br />
bars in <strong>the</strong> picture.(10.) .{D= 1 & 2) Mikrophonie; Es=<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>onías; F= microphonique}.<br />
micropho<strong>to</strong>graphie .{F} * see micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy on so reduced a<br />
scale that a visual aid is required <strong>to</strong> discern <strong>the</strong> features <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> resulting micropho<strong>to</strong>graph; 16-mm or 35-mm film is<br />
used, and <strong>the</strong> final form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> microcopy may be<br />
microcard, micr<strong>of</strong>iche, or micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.(19.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>o<strong>to</strong>grafía; F= micropho<strong>to</strong>graphie}.<br />
microprint .{E;F} * A trade name for a 6-inch x 9-inch<br />
micro-opaque with microimages arranged in rows and<br />
columns on pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper; see also microcard.01.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= microcopia; F= ?}.<br />
microprocesador .{Es} * see microprocessor .{E}.<br />
microprocesseur .{F} * see microprocessor .{E}.<br />
microprocessor .{E} * 1) An integrated circuit that performs<br />
a variety <strong>of</strong> operations in accordance with a list <strong>of</strong><br />
instructions.39. 2) The primary or central processing unit<br />
<strong>of</strong> a computer; <strong>the</strong> computer's 'brain'.10. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
microprocesador; F= microprocesseur}.<br />
149<br />
microreproducción .{Es} * see microreproduction .{E}.<br />
microreproduction .{E;F} * The process <strong>of</strong> making<br />
microcopies <strong>of</strong> documents, <strong>the</strong> images being <strong>to</strong>o small <strong>to</strong><br />
be read by <strong>the</strong> unaided eye, on ei<strong>the</strong>r opaque or<br />
transparent materials.19. .{D= ?; Es= microreproducción;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
microsillon .{F} * see long-play; long-playing record (Lp)<br />
.{E}.<br />
microsurco .{Es} * see microgroove .{E}; pit .{D;E}.<br />
microvatios .{Es} * see microwatt .{E}.<br />
microwatt .{E;F} * One millionth <strong>of</strong> a watt. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
microvatios; F= ?}.<br />
microwave .{E} * The line-<strong>of</strong>-sight, point-<strong>to</strong>-point<br />
transmission <strong>of</strong> signals.10. .{D= ?; Es= microondas; F=<br />
microonde}.<br />
migración de la capa magnética .{Es} * see coating<br />
transfer .{E}.<br />
MII .{E;Es;F} * Correctly written as MII and pronounced as<br />
"M-2". (Replace #1 meaning with <strong>the</strong> following). Panasonic<br />
introduced M-II as a new format in 1984. It was originally<br />
called <strong>the</strong> M-format because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape path.<br />
Improvements were made on that format and in 1986 it<br />
was re-introduced as <strong>the</strong> MII format. It uses two sizes <strong>of</strong><br />
cassettes. The smaller cassette can record up <strong>to</strong> twenty<br />
minutes, while <strong>the</strong> larger one can record up <strong>to</strong> ninety<br />
minutes. It is a helical scan component analogue machine<br />
with two longitudinal audio tracks, two AFM tracks, and a<br />
separate time code channel. The machine accepts<br />
composite analogue inputs and produces component<br />
analogue or composite analogue outputs. The MII format<br />
can also accept SP formulated tapes. .{D= ?; Es= M II<br />
(forma<strong>to</strong> Panasonic); F= ?}.<br />
mike (or mic) .{E} * abbreviation for microphone.<br />
mikro .{D} * see micro (#) .{E}.<br />
Mikrobild .{D} * see microimage .{E}.<br />
Mikrocomputer .{D} * see microcomputer .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>iche .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>iche .{E;F}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>iche-Kamera .{D} * see step-and-repeat camera .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ichelesegerät .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E;F}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm-jacket .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmlesegerät .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm reader .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmstreifen .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm strip .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>onkran .{D} * see boom .{E}.<br />
Mikr<strong>of</strong>ormen .{D} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm .{E}.<br />
Mikrographie .{D} * see micrographics .{E}.<br />
Mikrokarte .{D} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
Mikrokopie .{D} * see microcopy .{E}.<br />
Mikrophon .{D} * see microphone (mic/mike) .{E;F}.<br />
Mikrophonie .{D} * see microphonics .{E}.<br />
Mikrorille .{D} * see microgroove .{E}.
mil .{E;F} * 1) A unit <strong>of</strong> measurement equalling 1/1,000<br />
(0.0001) <strong>of</strong> an inch. 2) In <strong>the</strong> U.S. tape thickness is usually<br />
measured in mils, <strong>the</strong> given value referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> thickness<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> base material only; in European practice <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
tape thickness is given.(50.) .{D= ?; Es= milésimo;<br />
milésima de pulgada; F= ?}.<br />
mildew .{E} * A growth caused by micro-organisms, whose<br />
spores, in a moist, warm environment, become moulds.<br />
They derive <strong>the</strong>ir food from <strong>the</strong> substance on which <strong>the</strong>y<br />
form, e.g., <strong>the</strong> materials <strong>of</strong> a shellac disc. During <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
growth <strong>the</strong>y produce citric, gluconic, oxalic, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
organic acids, that can damage <strong>the</strong> surface upon which<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are deposited. They, also, at times produce colour<br />
bodies, leading <strong>to</strong> staining which is difficult <strong>to</strong> remove; see<br />
also fungi; mould.45. .{D= Schimmel; Es= mildíu (sinónimo<br />
de moho); F= moisissure; rouille}.<br />
mildíu (sinónimo de moho) .{Es} * see mildew .{E}.<br />
milésima de pulgada .{Es} * see mil .{E}.<br />
milésimo .{Es} * see mil .{E}.<br />
milli- (m) .{D;E;Es;F} * Prefix for one thousandth (10-3).<br />
mini-cassette .{E} * see cassette.<br />
minimal cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.<br />
minimal cinema .{E} * A kind <strong>of</strong> extreme realism.30. .{D=<br />
?; Es= realismo (cine); F= réalisme extrême ?}.<br />
mínimo sistema que puede llamarse CD-I .{Es} * see base<br />
case .{E}.<br />
minimum density (D-MIN) .{E} * The constant density area<br />
in <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>e <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic curve where less exposure<br />
on negative film or more exposure on reversal film will<br />
produce no reduction in density. In black and -white film,<br />
this area is sometimes called base-plus-fog; see also<br />
density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad mínima; F= densité<br />
minimum}.<br />
mint .{E} * A commonly used physical descriptive term<br />
meaning that <strong>the</strong> item appears <strong>to</strong> be new and with no<br />
visible flaws.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= nuevo; no usado; F= en état<br />
neuf; à l'état neuf}.<br />
minuta .{Es} * see draft (1) .{E}.<br />
minuteur .{F} * see timer .{E}.<br />
mira (imagen patrón) para pruebas de resolución .{Es} *<br />
see resolution test chart .{E}.<br />
mire de barres (de couleur) .{F} * see colour bars .{E}.<br />
mire de définition .{F} * see resolution test chart .{E}.<br />
mire de dis<strong>to</strong>rsion .{F} * see cross hatch .{E}.<br />
mire de réglage .{F} * see test pattern .{E}.<br />
mire technique .{F} * see technical target .{E}.<br />
mirroir dichroïque .{F} * see Dichroic mirror .{E}.<br />
mise-en-cadre .{E;F} * see mise-en-shot.<br />
mise-en-scène .{E;F} * 1) The widely used French term<br />
usually used <strong>to</strong> denote that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film making process<br />
which takes place on <strong>the</strong> set, as opposed <strong>to</strong> montage<br />
which takes place afterwards. Literally, <strong>the</strong> 'putting-in-<strong>the</strong>scene'<br />
<strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> ac<strong>to</strong>rs and <strong>the</strong> decisions <strong>of</strong> cinema<strong>to</strong>graphy.<br />
Mise-en-scène is more important <strong>to</strong> realists,<br />
montage <strong>to</strong> expressionists.(30.) 2) The scenery, props,<br />
camera angles, lighting, etc., <strong>of</strong> a stage setting.10. .{D= ?;<br />
150<br />
Es= puesta en escena}.<br />
mise-en-shot; mise-en-cadre .{E;F} * The widely used<br />
French phrase used <strong>to</strong> denote <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> an entire shot,<br />
in time, as well as in space.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= encuadre}.<br />
mislights .{E} * A descriptive terms <strong>of</strong> a defect in copying<br />
film-<strong>to</strong>-film meaning that a timing cue was misread,<br />
resulting in <strong>the</strong> appropriate lighting for a given scene<br />
occuring several frames before and/or after its intended<br />
place. .{D= ?; Es= falta de luz; F= défauts d'éclairage}.<br />
Mitarbeiter .{D} * see collabora<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
mix .{E} * 1) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic, video, and/or optical work, a<br />
dissolve. 2) In sound, <strong>the</strong> combination <strong>of</strong> several separate<br />
recordings or tracks --such as orchestra, dialogue, and<br />
sound effects-- in<strong>to</strong> one.(30.) .{D= Überblendung;<br />
Mischung; mischen; Es= fundido encadenado; mezcla;<br />
mezclar; F= fondu; mêler; fondu combiné à l'ouverture et<br />
à la fermeture; mélange; mixer; assemblage}.<br />
mix-minus .{E} ** The output <strong>of</strong> an audio console which is<br />
<strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> all its inputs minus a specific one or group.<br />
Used in audio and video productions where live remote<br />
locations are recorded. .{D= ?; Es= banda de mezcla<br />
parcial; F= bande de mixage partielle}.<br />
mixage .{E} * see mixing; dubbing; mix .{E}.<br />
mixer .{E} * 1) A device by which signals from two or more<br />
sources can be combined and fed simultaneously in<strong>to</strong> a<br />
tape recorder at <strong>the</strong> proper level and balance.(50.16.) 2)<br />
An opera<strong>to</strong>r carrying out a mix. 3) A sound recording<br />
engineer. .{D= Tonmeister (für die Mischung); Es= 1)<br />
mezclar; 2) mezclacolor; mezclador; F= 1) mixeur; console<br />
de mixage; 2) mélangeur}.<br />
mixing, mixage .{E} * The general term for <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sound edi<strong>to</strong>r, or mixer, who combines <strong>the</strong> various<br />
soundtracks in<strong>to</strong> final form. With <strong>the</strong> development during<br />
<strong>the</strong> last decade <strong>of</strong> multiple-rack magnetic recording<br />
equipment <strong>the</strong> job <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mixer has become increasingly<br />
important. .{D= Mischung; Es= acción de mezclar; mezcla;<br />
F= mélange; mixage}.<br />
mixing tracks .{E} * Separate soundtracks which are<br />
combined <strong>to</strong> produce <strong>the</strong> final soundtrack <strong>of</strong> a movingimage<br />
production; mixing tracks may include music, sound<br />
effects, and dialogue tracks.12. .{D= ?; Es= mezcla de<br />
grabaciones (sonoras); F= pistes d'assemblage}.<br />
MM .{E} * acronym for millimetre; moving magnet ( see<br />
pickup).<br />
moaré (efec<strong>to</strong>) .{Es} * see moire .{E}.<br />
mock-up .{E} * A representation <strong>of</strong> a device or process that<br />
may be modified for training or analysis <strong>to</strong> emphasize a<br />
particular part or function; it usually has moveable parts<br />
that can be manipulated.03. .{D= ?; Es= modelo; patrón;<br />
maqueta; F= maquette; pro<strong>to</strong>type; reconstitution grandeur<br />
nature}.<br />
mode 1 and mode 2 .{E} * The two frame formats used in<br />
CD-ROM; mode 1 incorporates EDC/ECC error detection<br />
and correction, and mode 2 incorporates an auxiliary data<br />
field instead; CD-I is based on mode 2.39. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
modo 1 y modo 2; F= mode 1 et mode 2}.<br />
mode 1 et mode 2 .{F} * see mode 1 and mode 2 .{E}.<br />
mode 2 .{E} * see mode 1 and mode 2.<br />
mode ciné .{F} * see ciné mode .{E;F}.<br />
mode de recherche rapise .{F} * see shuttle .{E}.
mode lecture .{F} * see play mode; playback mode .{E}.<br />
mode linéaire .{F} * see linear mode .{E}.<br />
model .{E} * A three-dimensional representation <strong>of</strong> a real<br />
thing.03. .{D= Modell; Es= modelo; pro<strong>to</strong>tipo; maqueta; F=<br />
modèle; maquette}.<br />
model shot .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, a shot<br />
using miniatures or models instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real objects and<br />
locations. Especially im-portant for staging great disasters<br />
and making monster films.30. .{D= Modell; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>grama<br />
pilo<strong>to</strong>; maqueta; F= plan avec maquette; maquette}.<br />
modèle .{F} * see model .{E}.<br />
Modell .{D} * see model; model shot .{E}.<br />
modelo .{Es} * see mock-up .{E}; model .{E}; standard .{E}.<br />
modo 1 y modo 2 .{Es} * see mode 1 and mode 2 .{E}.<br />
modo de lectura .{Es} * see play mode .{E}; playback<br />
mode .{E}.<br />
modo de reproducción estándar .{Es} * see standard play<br />
(SP) .{E}.<br />
modo lineal .{Es} * see linear mode .{E}.<br />
modo XLM .{Es} * see XLM .{E}.<br />
modulación .{Es} * see modulation .{D;E;F}.<br />
modulación (en línea) de impulsos cuantificados .{Es} *<br />
see linear PCM .{E}.<br />
modulación de amplitud de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse<br />
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulación de audi<strong>of</strong>recuencias .{Es} * see audio<br />
frequency modulation (afm) .{E}.<br />
modulación de duración de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse<br />
width modulation (PWM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulación de impulsos codificados delta adaptables .{Es}<br />
* see adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
modulación de impulsos en amplitud .{Es} * see pulse<br />
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulación de impulsos en número .{Es} * see pulse<br />
number modulation (PNM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulación de zumbido .{Es} * see hum modulation .{E}.<br />
modulación del parámetro de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse<br />
parameter modulation .{D;E}.<br />
modulación delta .{Es} * see delta modulation (DM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulación delta adaptable .{Es} * see adaptive delta<br />
modulation (adm) .{E}.<br />
modulación lateral .{Es} * see lateral cut .{E}; lateral<br />
recording .{E}.<br />
modulación ocho a ca<strong>to</strong>rce .{Es} * see eight-<strong>to</strong>-fourteen<br />
modulation (EFM; 8-<strong>to</strong>-14) .{E}.<br />
modulación por amplitud .{Es} * see amplitude modulation<br />
(am) .{E}.<br />
modulación por posición de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse<br />
position modulation (PPM) .{D;E}.<br />
151<br />
modulateur de crête .{F} * see peak programme meter<br />
(PPM) .{E}.<br />
modulation .{D;E;F} * The process <strong>of</strong> varying a carrier<br />
signal according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> instantaneous value <strong>of</strong> an input<br />
signal.39. .{Es= modulación}.<br />
modulation à amplitudes d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse<br />
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{E}.<br />
modulation à fréquence modifiée ou modulation à retard<br />
.{F} * see modified frequency modulation or delay<br />
modulation (MFM) .{E}.<br />
modulation à impulsions codées (MIC) .{F} * see pulse<br />
code modulation (PCM) x{E}.<br />
modulation à largeurs d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse width<br />
modulation (PWM) .{E}.<br />
modulation à positions d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse<br />
position modulation (PPM) .{E}.<br />
modulation de fréquence .{F} * see frequency modulation<br />
(FM) .{E}.<br />
modulation de fréquence audio (fm) .{F} * see audio<br />
frequency modulation (afm) .{E}.<br />
modulation de huit à qua<strong>to</strong>rze .{F} * see eight-<strong>to</strong>-fourteen<br />
modulation (EFM) .{E}.<br />
modulation de lumière .{F} * see light valve .{E}.<br />
modulation delta (différentielle) .{F} * see delta modulation<br />
(DM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E} * Dis<strong>to</strong>rtion introduced by <strong>the</strong><br />
uneven speed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording medium, e.g. wow and<br />
flutter. .{D= Modulationsverzerrung; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión por la<br />
modulación; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de modulation}.<br />
modulation par codage delta adaptative .{F} * see adaptive<br />
delta modulation(adm) .{E}.<br />
modulation par impulsion et codage différentiel adptative<br />
.{F} * see adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
modulation sur le nombre d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse<br />
number modulation (PNM) .{D;E}.<br />
modulation sur paramètres d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse<br />
parameter modulation .{D;E}.<br />
modulation-transfer curve .{E} * A graph which describes<br />
a film's capacity <strong>to</strong> reproduce complex spatial frequencies.<br />
The measurements indi-cate <strong>the</strong> effect on <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong><br />
light diffusion within <strong>the</strong> emulsion.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= curva<br />
de transferencia de modulación; F= courbe de transfert de<br />
modulation}.<br />
Modulationsrauschen .{D} * see asperity noise .{E}.<br />
Modulationsverzerrung .{D} * see modulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
.{E}.<br />
module de patch .{F} * see patch field .{E}.<br />
Module-10 .{F} * see Modulus-10 .{E}.<br />
módulo 10 .{Es} * see Modulus-10 .{E}.<br />
Modulus-10 .{E} * A ma<strong>the</strong>matical formula used <strong>to</strong><br />
calculate <strong>the</strong> check digit in <strong>the</strong> Universal Product Code.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= módulo 10; F= Module-10}.<br />
moho .{Es} * see mould .{E}.
moirage .{F} * see moire .{E}.<br />
moire .{E} * An aberration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal which results<br />
from two frequencies beating <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> produce an<br />
undesirable visual pattern. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as a "herringbone"<br />
pattern; see also aliasing .{D;E}. .{D= ?; Es= (efec<strong>to</strong>)<br />
moaré [moiré; muaré]; F= moirage}.<br />
moiré .{Es} * see meshbeat; moire; herring bone .{E}.<br />
moisissure .{F} * see mildew; mould .{E}.<br />
molde para hacer cilindros .{Es} * see cylinder mould .{E}.<br />
moldeo por inyección .{Es} * see injection moulding .{E}.<br />
moment d'inertie .{F} * see moment <strong>of</strong> inertia .{E}.<br />
moment <strong>of</strong> inertia .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rotational force<br />
required <strong>to</strong> accelerate or decelerate such items as a reel<br />
<strong>of</strong> tape.(46.) .{D= Trägheitsmoment; Es= momen<strong>to</strong> de<br />
inercia; F= moment d'inertie}.<br />
momen<strong>to</strong> de inercia .{Es} * see moment <strong>of</strong> inertia .{E}.<br />
monaural .{E} * see monophonic/monaural.<br />
monaural recorder .{E} * Literally, a tape recorder intended<br />
for listening with one ear only; however, in popular usage<br />
refers <strong>to</strong> single channel recorders, as distinguished from<br />
multichannel (stereophonic, binaural, etc.) types.(16.) .{D=<br />
monauraler Rekorder; Es= magnetófono mon<strong>of</strong>ónico; F=<br />
enregistrement monophonique}.<br />
monauraler Rekorder .{D} * see monaural recorder .{E}.<br />
moniteur .{F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r .{D;E}.<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r .{D;E;Es} * 1) An electronic receiver without a<br />
tuner; it, <strong>the</strong>re-fore, can not receive antenna signals, but<br />
can deliver a signal received directly from a generating<br />
source, such as a tape recorder or a computer.(35.) 2) To<br />
check <strong>the</strong> quality, operational techniques, programme<br />
content, etc., by listening and/or viewing <strong>the</strong> programme<br />
during recording and/or re-recording.(04.) .{Es= moni<strong>to</strong>r;<br />
cinescopio de control; F= moniteur; contrôle; récepteur<br />
témoin; écran de contrôle}.<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r de imagen por línea .{Es} * see jeep .{E}.<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r head .{E} * The playback device on a magnetic<br />
tape recorder which, when connected <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> proper<br />
circuitry, makes it possible <strong>to</strong> listen <strong>to</strong> or o<strong>the</strong>rwise observe<br />
<strong>the</strong> signal directly <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> tape while <strong>the</strong> recording is being<br />
made.(50.) .{D= Wiedergabekopf; Es= cabeza moni<strong>to</strong>ra;<br />
F= tête de contrôle}.<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker .{E} * 1) The loudspeakers used in a<br />
recording studio or labora<strong>to</strong>ry and, hence, implying high<br />
quality. 2) Any loudspeakers used for listening <strong>to</strong><br />
recordings.(04.) .{D= Moni<strong>to</strong>r-Lautsprecher; Abhör-<br />
Kontroll-Lautsprecher; Abhör-Lautsprecher; Es= altavoz<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r; F= haut-parleur de contrôle; moniteur<br />
d'enregistrement}.<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>r ultravioleta .{Es} * see UV moni<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
Moni<strong>to</strong>r-Lautsprecher .{D} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r speaker .{E}.<br />
mono .{E} * see monophonic.<br />
mono-line .{E} * A CD manufactur-ing system in which<br />
replication processes are integrated, with au<strong>to</strong>mated<br />
control.39. .{D= ?; Es= monolínea; F= ligne de fabrication}.<br />
monochrome .{F} * see black and white .{E}.<br />
monocroma .{Es} * see black and white; black and white<br />
152<br />
film .{E}.<br />
mon<strong>of</strong>ónico .{Es} * see monophonic .{E}.<br />
monograma .{Es} * see monoscope .{E}.<br />
monographic item .{E} * A non-serial item, ei<strong>the</strong>r complete<br />
in one physical unit or complete in a finite number <strong>of</strong> units;<br />
such items as feature films, television documentaries, and<br />
commercial sound recordings would all generally be<br />
considered monographic items.12. .{D= ?; Es= obje<strong>to</strong><br />
monográfico; F= production monographique}.<br />
Monohalbspur .{D} * see double track .{E}.<br />
monolínea .{Es} * see mono-line .{E}.<br />
monomer .{E} * A molecule <strong>of</strong> low molecular weight<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> reacting with identical or different molecules <strong>of</strong><br />
low molecular weight <strong>to</strong> form a polymer.41. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
monómero; F= monomère}.<br />
monomère .{F} * see monomer .{E}.<br />
monómero .{Es} * see monomer .{E}.<br />
monophon .{D} * see monophonic .{E}.<br />
monophonic .{E} * Sound heard from a single channel as<br />
defined by <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> recording or transmission, not by <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> microphones or speakers. In monophonic<br />
sound <strong>the</strong> only spatial movement that can be simulated is<br />
forwards and backwards; <strong>the</strong>re is no sideways spread;<br />
sometimes incorrectly called monaural; see also<br />
stereo.(04.) .{D= monophon; Es= mon<strong>of</strong>ónico; F=<br />
monophonique}.<br />
monophonic recorde-image production work, an idea that<br />
adjacent shots should relate <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r in a dialectic so<br />
that A plus B has ano<strong>the</strong>r meaning, C, which is not actually<br />
recorded on <strong>the</strong> film. 3) In moving-image production work,<br />
also called dynamic cutting, a highly stylized form <strong>of</strong><br />
editing, sometimes for <strong>the</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> indicating a lot <strong>of</strong><br />
information in a short period <strong>of</strong> time.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= ?}.<br />
monophonic recorder .{E} * A machine capable <strong>of</strong><br />
recording only a single channel or track <strong>of</strong> sound; see also<br />
monaural recorder. .{D= ?; Es= magnetófono mon<strong>of</strong>ónico;<br />
grabadora magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica monocanal; F= taché (film)}.<br />
montage à la lame de rasoir .{F} * see razor blade editing<br />
.{E}.<br />
montage alterné .{F} * see cross-cut .{E}.<br />
montage avec recouvrement .{F} * see lap splice .{E}.<br />
montage d'essai .{F} * see rough cut .{E}.<br />
montage électronique .{F} * see electronic editing .{E}.<br />
montage fin .{F} * see fine cut .{E}.<br />
montage master .{F} * see master matching .{E}.<br />
montage par assemblage .{F} * see asperity noise .{E}.<br />
montage par insertion .{F} * see insert edit .{E}.<br />
montage rapide .{F} * see rough cut .{E}.<br />
montage simple .{F} * see linkage .{E}.<br />
montage sur onglet .{F} * see tipping-in .{E}.<br />
montaje .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}; editing .{E}; montage<br />
.{E;F}; mount .{E}.
montaje con corte (de cuchilla) .{Es} * see razor blade<br />
editing .{E}.<br />
montaje con ventana (de obra gráfica plana) .{Es} * see<br />
mat (matte) (2) .{E}.<br />
montaje de elemen<strong>to</strong>s escénicos .{Es} * see set-up .{E}.<br />
montaje for corte fisico .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}.<br />
montaje original .{Es} * see master matching .{E}.<br />
montaje previo .{Es} * see rough cut .{E}.<br />
montant .{F} * see upright .{E}.<br />
montante .{Es} * see upright .{E}.<br />
montar .{Es} * see mounting .{E}.<br />
monté .{F} * see mounted .{E}.<br />
monter .{F} * see cut .{E}.<br />
monture .{F} * see mount .{E}.<br />
MOR .{E} * acronym for magne<strong>to</strong>-optical recording.<br />
MOS .{E} * acronym for metal oxide semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
Mosse .{D} * see ground .{E}.<br />
most significant bit (MSB) .{E} * The bit within a digital<br />
word that is <strong>the</strong> highest weighted.39. .{D= ?; Es= bit<br />
[dígi<strong>to</strong>] más significativo; F= bit le plus significatif}.<br />
mot (numérique) .{F} * see word .{E}.<br />
mot clé .{F} * see keyword .{E}.<br />
moteado .{Es} * see foxing .{E}; mottled .{E}.<br />
mo<strong>the</strong>r .{E} * In disc replication, <strong>the</strong> negative mould<br />
intermediate between a fa<strong>the</strong>r and a stamper; formed by<br />
nickel plating <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> metal fa<strong>the</strong>r.(10.) .{D= Mutter; Es=<br />
madre; F= mère}.<br />
motion pictures .{E} * A series <strong>of</strong> still-images collected on<strong>to</strong><br />
a flexible and transparent piece <strong>of</strong> film so that <strong>the</strong>y can be<br />
projected in a rapid sequence so as <strong>to</strong> give <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong><br />
motion; also called cinefilm (Canada), cinema<strong>to</strong>graph film<br />
(Australia).(22.) .{D= Film; Spielfilm; Es= película<br />
cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica; película de cine; cine; filme; película; F=<br />
film; film cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
mo<strong>to</strong>rboating .{E} * Audio frequency interference caused<br />
by oscillation in an amplifier. .{D= ?; Es= interferencia<br />
acústica; F= bruit d'interférence}.<br />
mottled .{E} * A film with a cloudy or spotted surface. .{D=<br />
?; Es= moteado; manchado; F= tache}.<br />
moulage de cylindre .{F} * see cylinder mould .{E}.<br />
moule .{F} * see mould .{E}.<br />
mount .{E} * A board on<strong>to</strong> which something is pasted <strong>to</strong><br />
protect, preserve, or display it.(19.) .{D= ?; Es= montaje;<br />
F= monture; car<strong>to</strong>n de montage}.<br />
mounted .{E} * A cutting, print, pho<strong>to</strong>graph, page, or similar<br />
item which is pasted on a mount.19. .{D= ?; Es= montado;<br />
F= monté}.<br />
mounting .{E} * The activity <strong>of</strong> attaching graphics or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
tw-dimensional materials <strong>to</strong> cloth, cardboard, or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
surfaces. These materials may be attached by paste or<br />
glue or by a dry-mount-ing process in which a heat-<br />
153<br />
sensitive intermediary paper is used and heat and<br />
pressure are applied <strong>to</strong> meld <strong>the</strong> materials <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
surface.01. .{D= ?; Es= montar; F= installation; montage}.<br />
mounting plate .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a device<br />
for holding <strong>the</strong> head body and mounting it in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
transport. It is <strong>the</strong> reference surface for most mechanical<br />
measurements.46. .{D= Kopfträger; Es= placa [platina] de<br />
montaje; F= plan de montage (bloc de têtes)}.<br />
mouvement de caméra .{F} * see roll .{E}.<br />
mouvement intermittent .{F} * see intermittent movement<br />
.{E}.<br />
mouvement saccadé .{F} * see intermittent movement .{E}.<br />
movimien<strong>to</strong> de cámara .{Es} * see roll (2) .{E}.<br />
movimien<strong>to</strong> intermitente .{Es} * see intermittent movement<br />
.{E}.<br />
movimien<strong>to</strong> rápido .{Es} * see fast motion (accelerated<br />
motion) .{E}.<br />
movimien<strong>to</strong> retardado .{Es} * see stretch (1) .{E}.<br />
moving coil .{E} * Synonymous for electrodynamic<br />
transducer. .{D= Elektrodynamisch; dynamisch; Es=<br />
bobina móvil; F= bobine mobile}.<br />
moving magnet .{E} * Synonymous for a electromagnetic<br />
transducer. .{D= Elektromagnetisch; magnetisch; Es=<br />
imán móvil; F= aimant mobil}.<br />
moving-image materials .{E} * A generic term for <strong>the</strong> range<br />
<strong>of</strong> physical forms upon which visual images, with or without<br />
sound, have been recorded or registered and which create<br />
<strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> movement when projected, broadcast, or<br />
played back; includes flip cards, motion picture film,<br />
television, and video.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= animación por<br />
imágenes; F= système de prise de vue; see also aimant<br />
mobile}.<br />
Moviola .{D;E;Es;F} * A motion picture editing machine<br />
for both picture and sound. see also Steenbeck.30.<br />
MP .{E} * acronym for metal particle tape.<br />
MR .{E} * acronym for magnetic recorder/ing.<br />
MSB .{E} * acronym for most significant bit.<br />
muaré .{Es} * see meshbeat .{E}; moire .{E}.<br />
muchacha de china literalmente, (retra<strong>to</strong> usado para<br />
comprobar el color y la alineación de vídeo) .{Es} * see<br />
china girl .{E}.<br />
muddy .{E} * An expression that refers <strong>to</strong> a lack <strong>of</strong><br />
definition or clarity in an audio recording, playback system,<br />
or sound reinforcement system. Can be caused by many<br />
fac<strong>to</strong>rs, including dis<strong>to</strong>rtion, excess bass, or deficient mid<br />
and high frequencies.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= turbio; empañado;<br />
F= confus; turbidité}.<br />
mudo .{Es} * see mute .{E}.<br />
muesca .{Es} * see notch .{E}.<br />
muestreo .{Es} * see sampling .{E}.<br />
muestreo discre<strong>to</strong> del tiempo .{Es} * see discrete time<br />
sampling .{E}.<br />
muet .{F} * see mute .{E}.<br />
mull .{E} * A s<strong>of</strong>t, sheer fabric <strong>of</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n or silk.(10.) .{D= ?;
Es= muselina; F= ?}.<br />
multi-part items .{E} * A limited series or serial comprising<br />
two or more distinct items, no one <strong>of</strong> which is identifiable<br />
as being <strong>of</strong> primary importance.12. .{D= ?; Es= obje<strong>to</strong>s<br />
compues<strong>to</strong> por varias partes de importancia equivalente;<br />
F= ?}.<br />
multiburst .{E} * A television test signal made up <strong>of</strong> a<br />
series <strong>of</strong> "burst" <strong>of</strong> signals at distinct frequencies for<br />
evaluating <strong>the</strong> frequency response <strong>of</strong> video equipment.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= ráfaga [frecuencia] múltiple; F= multisalve}.<br />
multimedia item .{E} * An item containing two or more<br />
categories <strong>of</strong> material, no one <strong>of</strong> which is identifiable as<br />
<strong>the</strong> predominant constituent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item; see also kit.(03.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= obje<strong>to</strong> multimedia; F= article multimedia<br />
multisuppor}.<br />
multipath .{E} * In television broadcast reception, multipath<br />
is when <strong>the</strong> main transmitted signal arrives at <strong>the</strong> receiver<br />
along with a secondary reflected duplicate signal which<br />
combine <strong>to</strong> cause a visual ghost <strong>to</strong> be displayed on <strong>the</strong><br />
screen. Multipath is an undesirable dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; see also<br />
ghost-image. .{D= ?; Es= transmisión por trayec<strong>to</strong>ria<br />
múltiple; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de réception}.<br />
multiple analogue component (MAC) .{E} * A technical<br />
term which describes a family <strong>of</strong> time-division multiplex<br />
signal formats in which <strong>the</strong> video luminance and its<br />
chrominance components are time-compressed and<br />
transmitted sequentially. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as MAC. The<br />
MAC family includes several formats including ACLE, A-<br />
MAC, B-MAC, C-MAC, D-MAC, HD-MAC, HD-MAC60, and<br />
MUSE. .{D= ?; Es= componente análogo múltiple; F=<br />
composantes analogiques multiplexées (dans le temps)}.<br />
multiple exposure .{E} * A double or triple exposure <strong>of</strong> film<br />
materials; NB not <strong>to</strong> be confused with multiple image.30.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= imagen múltiple; F= expositions multiples;<br />
surimpression}.<br />
multiple sub-Nyquist sampling and encoding system<br />
(MUSE) .{E} ** A proposed simulcast television format<br />
developed in Japan for <strong>the</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> HDTV signals<br />
by satellite in which <strong>the</strong> signal is subjected <strong>to</strong> repeated<br />
sampling processes, at least one <strong>of</strong> which is below <strong>the</strong><br />
Nyquist rate. MUSE is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> MAC family <strong>of</strong> formats.<br />
Also see narrow MUSE. .{D= ?; Es= sistema múltiple sub-<br />
Nyquist de muestreo y codificación; F= ?}.<br />
multiplexage .{F} * see multiplexing .{E}.<br />
multiplexing .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> combining independent<br />
signals and conveying <strong>the</strong>m along a single conduc<strong>to</strong>r; see<br />
also FM-stereo.39. .{D= ?; Es= combinación de señales<br />
independientes; F= multiplexage; multiplex}.<br />
multisalve .{F} * see multiburst .{E}.<br />
mündliche Überlieferung .{D} * see oral his<strong>to</strong>ry .{E}.<br />
muñeca cilíndrica parlante .{Es} * see talking doll record<br />
.{E}.<br />
murmure .{F} * see chatter .{E}.<br />
MUSE .{E} * acronym for multiple sub-Nyquist sampling<br />
and encoding system.<br />
MUSE à bande étroite .{F} * see narrow MUSE .{E}.<br />
MUSE de banda estrecha .{Es} * see narrow MUSE .{E}.<br />
muselina .{Es} * see mull .{E}.<br />
music and effects track .{E} * 1) In moving-image<br />
productions, a sound tape or track containing all sound<br />
154<br />
except <strong>the</strong> spoken word, <strong>of</strong>ten intended for international<br />
use <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> easier production <strong>of</strong> different language<br />
versions. 2) The mixed wild track and narration used for<br />
final mixing on<strong>to</strong> answer prints from a and b rolls; see also<br />
mixing tracks.(06.) (12.06.) .{D= Musik- und Geräuschspur;<br />
internationales Tonband; IT-and; Es= banda sonora<br />
internacional; danda internacional de sonido; banda de<br />
música y efec<strong>to</strong>s; F= 1) bande musique et effets sonores<br />
2) bande son de mixage; son international; bande son<br />
internationale; piste sonore internationale}.<br />
music box disc .{E} * see perforated disc.<br />
Musik- und Geräuschspur .{D} * see music and effects<br />
track .{E}.<br />
musique surajoutée .{F} * see over-dub .{E}.<br />
Musterkopie .{D} * see checkprint .{E}.<br />
mute .{E} * A moving-image production whose content<br />
leads one <strong>to</strong> expect that a soundtrack may be added, but<br />
which lacks sound.(12.) .{D= stummscholfen; Es= mudo;<br />
F= muet}.<br />
Mutter .{D} * see mo<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
Mylar .{D;E;Es;F} * A clear polyester film plastic<br />
manufactured by <strong>the</strong> Dupont Co., used in many types <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic recording tape; see also polyester.(04.).<br />
n --n<br />
.{E} * abbreviation for nano-.<br />
N.G. .{E} * acronym for no good.<br />
N-A .{F} * see D-A .{E}.<br />
NA .{E} * acronym for numerical aperture.<br />
NA .{F} * see DA .{E}.<br />
NAB curve .{E} * The standard playback equalization curve<br />
for audio tape recording set by <strong>the</strong> National Association <strong>of</strong><br />
Broadcasters. .{D= NAB-Entzerrung; Es= curva NAB<br />
(acrónimo de Asociación Nacional de Radiodifusores de<br />
EEUU); F= courbe NAB}.<br />
NAB hub .{E} * A standard set by <strong>the</strong> National Association<br />
<strong>of</strong> Broadcasters for <strong>the</strong> hubs <strong>of</strong> 10½-inch and 14-inch<br />
diameter reels <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional recording tape. .{D= NAB-<br />
Kern; Es= cubo tipo NAB; F= noyau NAB}.<br />
NAB-A, -B, -C .{E;F} * The three standard sizes <strong>of</strong> audio<br />
magnetic tape cartridges: A = 4-inches x 5½-inches; B = 6inches<br />
x 7-inches; C = 7#-inches x 8¼-inches; all are a<br />
maximum height <strong>of</strong> .9375-inch.(10.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
contnedores estándar de cintas audio magnéticas usados<br />
por la NAB; F= ?}.<br />
NAB-Kern .{D} * see NAB hub .{E}.<br />
Nach-Bearbeitung .{D} * see post-production .{E}.<br />
Nachaufnahme .{D} * see retake .{E}.<br />
Nachgiebigkeit (Nadel) .{D} * see compliance .{E}.<br />
Nachlaß .{D} * see collection .{E;F}.<br />
Nachsynchronisation .{D} * see dubbing; postsynchronization<br />
.{E}.<br />
nacré .{F} * see beaded screen .{E}.<br />
Nadel .{D} * see stylus .{E}.
Name .{D} * see Cinecittà .{D;E}.<br />
Namensvorspann .{D} * see credits .{E}.<br />
NAND gate .{E} * see AND gate .{E}.<br />
nano- (n) .{D;E;Es;F} * A prefix for one billionth (10-9).<br />
Nasskopie .{D} * see liquid gate printing .{E}.<br />
National Television Systems Committee (NTSC)<br />
.{D;E;Es;F} * A U.S. industry wide committee organized in<br />
1940 that formulated <strong>the</strong> NTSC standard <strong>of</strong> 525 lines, 60<br />
fields.(06.10.)<br />
naturalism .{E} * A <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> literature and film which<br />
supposes a scientific determinism, i.e., that <strong>the</strong> actions <strong>of</strong><br />
a character are predetermined by biological, psychological<br />
or sociological laws. Often wrongly confused with realism,<br />
it does not simply mean 'natmeaning a spiral scratch<br />
caused by <strong>the</strong> stylus leaving <strong>the</strong> modulated groove and<br />
skipping across <strong>the</strong> surface during playback.(04.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
needle-cut records .{E} * see lateral-cut.<br />
négatif .{F} * see copy negative .{E}.<br />
négatif image .{F} * see picture negative .{E}.<br />
négatif original .{F} * see master negative; original negative<br />
.{E}.<br />
négatif séparé .{F} * see separation negative .{E}.<br />
négatif son .{F} * see sound negative .{E}.<br />
négatif sur plaque de verre .{F} * see glass plate negatives<br />
.{E}.<br />
Negativ Bild .{D} * see picture negative .{E}.<br />
Negativ-Positiv-Verfahren .{D} * see negative-positive<br />
process .{E}.<br />
negative .{E} * 1) Developed film that contains a reversed<strong>to</strong>ne<br />
image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original object. Light areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image<br />
are represented by heavy or dark deposits <strong>of</strong> silver, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> dark portions are light or transparent. When negatives<br />
are printed on paper or film, positive images are produced<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne values are similar <strong>to</strong> what <strong>the</strong>y were on<br />
<strong>the</strong> original object.43. 2) Used <strong>to</strong> desig-nate any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
following (in ei<strong>the</strong>r black-and-white or colour): (a) <strong>the</strong> raw<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck specifically designed for negative images; (b) <strong>the</strong><br />
negative image; (c) negative raw s<strong>to</strong>ck that has been<br />
exposed but has not been processed; or (d) processed film<br />
bearing a negative image.(09.) {D= Negativmaterial; Es=<br />
negativo; F= négatif; épreuve négative}.<br />
negative curl .{E} * see curl.<br />
negative image .{E} * 1) A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image in which <strong>the</strong><br />
values <strong>of</strong> light and shade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> origi-nal pho<strong>to</strong>graphed<br />
subject are repre-sented in inverse order. In a negative<br />
image light objects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original subject are represented<br />
by high densities and dark objects are represented by low<br />
densities. In a colour negative. Colours are rep-resented<br />
by <strong>the</strong>ir complementary colour.09. 2) An image in which<br />
blacks are white and vice-versa; see also solarization.30.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= imagen invertida (negativa); F= image<br />
négative}.<br />
negative-positive process .{E} * Any pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
operation in which a positive image is obtained by primary<br />
development <strong>of</strong> a latent image made by printing from a<br />
negative.09. .{D= Negativ-ositiv-Verfahren; Es= proceso<br />
de positivado; procedimien<strong>to</strong> de positivado; F= processus<br />
négatif-positif; procès négatif-positif; procédé négatif-<br />
155<br />
positif}.<br />
negativo .{Es?} * see negative .{E}.<br />
negativo .{Es} * see master (3); master negative .{E}.<br />
negativo de imagen .{Es} * see picture negative .{E}.<br />
negativo de separación (cine en color) .{Es} * see<br />
separation negative .{E}.<br />
negativo de separación (cine en color) .{Es} * see<br />
separation negative .{E}.<br />
negativo de sonido .{Es} * see sound negative (2) .{E}.<br />
negativo imágen .{Es} * see picture negative .{E}.<br />
negativo intermedio .{Es} * see intermediate negative;<br />
internegative .{E}.<br />
negativo original .{Es} * see master negative .{E}; original<br />
negative .{E}.<br />
negativo original de preservación .{Es} * see preservation<br />
master negative .{E}.<br />
negativo para cámara .{Es} * see camera negative .{E}.<br />
negativo sonoro .{Es} * see sound negative (1) .{E}.<br />
negativos en placas de vidrio .{Es} * see glass plate<br />
negatives .{E}.<br />
néga<strong>to</strong>scope .{F} * see light box .{E}.<br />
nega<strong>to</strong>scopio .{Es} * see light table .{E}.<br />
nega<strong>to</strong>scopio [mesa luminosa] .{Es} * see light table .{E}.<br />
nègre .{F} * see gobo .{E}.<br />
nègre : tableau noir .{F} * see cue card .{E}.<br />
negro de humo .{Es} * see carbon black .{E}.<br />
negro neutro .{Es} * see neutral-black .{E}.<br />
neige .{F} * see noise .{E}.<br />
neo-réalisme .{F} * see neorealism .{E}.<br />
neorealism .{E} * A kind <strong>of</strong> film making characterized by<br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> non-pr<strong>of</strong>essional ac<strong>to</strong>rs, socially-conscious<br />
<strong>the</strong>mes, and some hand-held camera work; see also<br />
realism.30. .{D= ?; Es= neorealismo; F= neo-réalisme}.<br />
neorealismo .{Es} * see neorealism .{E}.<br />
nerviosismo .{Es} * see di<strong>the</strong>r .{D;E}.<br />
netteté .{F} * see sharpness .{E}.<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage .{F} * see cleaning .{E}.<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage aux ultra-sons .{F} * see ultrasonic cleaning .{E}.<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage-bobinage .{F} * see winder-cleaner .{E}.<br />
network .{E} * 1) A group <strong>of</strong> broadcast stations, ei<strong>the</strong>r radio<br />
and/or television, in different locations that share facilities<br />
and programmes. 2) The parent company which<br />
coordinates functions for its participating group <strong>of</strong><br />
broadcast stations, <strong>of</strong>ten producing programmes for<br />
broadcast within <strong>the</strong> network.(12.) 3) In computer<br />
workstations, a system where one computer program or<br />
data file can be accessed from a number <strong>of</strong> terminals.{D=<br />
?; Es= red; cadena; F= station; réseau (radio-télévision);
éseau}.<br />
Netzgerät .{D} * see power supply .{E}.<br />
Netzkabel .{D} * see power cord .{E}.<br />
Netzteil .{D} * see power supply .{E}.<br />
Neuausgabe .{D} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.<br />
neutral .{E;Es} * Concerning acidity, having a pH <strong>of</strong> 7.0;<br />
nei<strong>the</strong>r acid nor alkaline; see also neutral ph.(17.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= neutro; F= neutre}.<br />
neutral density filters .{E} * A refining device used in stilland<br />
moving-image film processing <strong>to</strong> reduce <strong>the</strong> intensity<br />
<strong>of</strong> light reaching <strong>the</strong> film without affecting <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>nal<br />
rendition <strong>of</strong> colours in <strong>the</strong> scene, thus making it possible <strong>to</strong><br />
film in bright sunlight using high-speed film without having<br />
<strong>to</strong> use very small lens openings.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= filtro<br />
neutro; filtro gris; filtro de gris neutro; F= filtre de densité<br />
neutre}.<br />
neutral pH .{E} * Exhibiting nei<strong>the</strong>r acid nor base (alkaline)<br />
qualities; 7.0 on <strong>the</strong> pH scale; see also neutral; pH. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= pH neutro; F= pH neutre}.<br />
neutral test card .{E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy and moving-image<br />
work, a commercially prepared card, one side <strong>of</strong> which has<br />
a neutral 18% reflection that has <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong><br />
medium grey, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side has a neutral reflection <strong>of</strong><br />
90% and has <strong>the</strong> visual appearance <strong>of</strong> stark white.09. .{D=<br />
?; Es= carta [tarjeta] de la prueba neutra [o del neutro]; F=<br />
carte test neutre}.<br />
neutral-black .{E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, an image in which <strong>the</strong><br />
picture is a dark grey without any observable tints such as<br />
blue-black or brown-lack.42. .{D= ?; Es= negro neutro; F=<br />
noir neutre}.<br />
neutralization and alkalization .{E} * see deacidification.<br />
neutre .{F} * see infrasonic; neutral .{E}.<br />
neutro .{Es} * see neutral .{E}.<br />
new candle .{E} * see candela.<br />
new wave .{E;Es} * Basically film makers who got <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
start as critics on Cahiers du Cinema in <strong>the</strong> late 1950s and<br />
who owe a debt <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> André Bazin. The term<br />
is also used more widely <strong>to</strong> include all <strong>the</strong> young French<br />
film makers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1960s.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= nueva ola;<br />
nouvelle vague/; F= nouvelle vague}.<br />
New American cinema .{E} * The 'personal cinema' <strong>of</strong><br />
indepen-dent film makers in <strong>the</strong> U.S. since World War II,<br />
characterized by a lyric, poetic, and experimental<br />
approach.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= Nuevo Cine Americano; F=<br />
cinéma nouvelle Amérique}.<br />
news clip .{E} * One or more segments edited from<br />
newsreels and/or television news broadcasts.12. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= cortes [clips] de noticias [de actualidades]; F=<br />
séquence d'actualités}.<br />
news film .{E} * 1) In television broadcasts, such materials<br />
as spot news, interviews, features, sports, etc. 2) A term <strong>to</strong><br />
describe footage which appears <strong>to</strong> have been intended for<br />
a <strong>the</strong>atrical newsreel or pho<strong>to</strong>graphed by a newsreel<br />
company, but can not be positively identified as such.(12.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= noticiario; película de actualidades; F= film<br />
d'actualités; bande d'actualités}.<br />
newsreel .{E} * A non-fiction film, or series <strong>of</strong> such films,<br />
released <strong>the</strong>atrically in periodic issues, each issue<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ries reporting and<br />
commenting on recent events.12. .{D= Wochenschau;<br />
156<br />
Reportage-Film; Es= noticiario; pélicula de reportaje;<br />
reportaje; diario cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= actualités; film<br />
d'actualité; film de reportage; journal cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
NFPA .{E} * acronym for National Fire Protection<br />
Association.<br />
NFPA 40 .{D;E;Es;F} * The current standard in <strong>the</strong> U.S. for<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage and handling <strong>of</strong> cellulose nitrate based motion<br />
picture film developed by <strong>the</strong> U.S.'s National Fire<br />
Protection Association as NFPA 40 : standard for <strong>the</strong><br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage and handling <strong>of</strong> cellulose nitrate motion picture<br />
film. (NFPA, 1988.)<br />
nichtlineare Verzerrung .{D} * see non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E}.<br />
nichtwässrige Lösung .{D} * see nonaqueous solvent .{E}.<br />
nick .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound<br />
recordings referring <strong>to</strong> a visible pit, dig, or break in <strong>the</strong><br />
surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording which will probably cause some<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> sonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; similar <strong>to</strong> needle dig.(04.) .{D=<br />
?; Es= mella; melladura; F= "paille"}.<br />
Nipkow disk .{E} * Early video image pickup devices were<br />
termed scanners because <strong>the</strong>y formed a raster <strong>of</strong> a scene<br />
or film by scanning it with a bright spot <strong>of</strong> light. The Nipkow<br />
disk was <strong>the</strong> earliest mechanical image scanner and was<br />
replaced by <strong>the</strong> Farnsworth image dissec<strong>to</strong>r. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
disco Nipkow; F= disque de Nipkov}.<br />
Nipper .{E} * see Little Nipper.<br />
nitidez .{Es} * see sharpness .{E}.<br />
nitrate based film .{E} * see cellulose nitrate film.<br />
nitrate film .{E} * see cellulose nitrate film.<br />
Nitratfilm .{D} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.<br />
nitra<strong>to</strong> de celulosa .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate (1) .{E}.<br />
niveau .{F} * see level .{E}.<br />
niveau de bruit .{F} * see noise level .{E}.<br />
niveau de noir .{F} * see set-up .{E}.<br />
niveau de perception sonore .{F} * see loudness .{E}.<br />
niveau de suppression .{F} * see blanking level .{E}.<br />
niveau du noir .{F} * see black level .{E}.<br />
niveau du noir (signal vidéo) .{F} * see pedestal .{E}.<br />
niveau moyen (d'un signal vidéo) .{F} * see average picture<br />
level (apl) .{E}.<br />
nivel .{Es} * see level .{E}.<br />
nivel de borrado .{Es} * see blanking level .{E}.<br />
nivel de error .{Es} * see error ratio .{E}.<br />
nivel de luminancia .{Es} * see luminance ratio .{E}.<br />
nivel de luminosidad .{Es} * see brightness range .{E}.<br />
nivel de ruido .{Es} * see noise level .{E}.<br />
nivel de supresión (del haz) .{Es} * see blanking level .{E}.<br />
nivel del negro .{Es} * see black level .{E}.<br />
nivel medio de la señal de imagen .{Es} * see average<br />
picture level (apl) .{E}.
niveles de audiencia .{Es} * see cool and hot media .{E}.<br />
NMA .{E} * acronym for National Micrographics<br />
Association.<br />
no compatible .{Es} * see noncompatibility .{E}.<br />
no usado .{Es} * see mint .{E}.<br />
node .{E} * A point <strong>of</strong> zero amplitude <strong>of</strong> vibration on a<br />
stationary wave.39. .{D= ?; Es= nodo; F= point nodal}.<br />
nodo .{Es} * see node .{E}.<br />
noir codé .{F} * see black burst .{E}.<br />
noir couleur .{F} * see colour black .{E}.<br />
noir et blanc .{F} * see black and white .{E}.<br />
noir neutre .{F} * see neutral-black .{E}.<br />
noir-vidéo-noir (NVN) .{F} * see black-video-black (BVB)<br />
.{E}.<br />
noise .{E} * 1) In audio and moving-image media, any<br />
spurious signal.39. 2) In magnetic tape recording, any<br />
unwanted electrical disturbances in <strong>the</strong> transmission and<br />
reception <strong>of</strong> data over a communications channel,<br />
generally created by such as electron-ic equipment,<br />
heads, and also by rough or non-homogeneous oxide<br />
coatings on magnetic tape. Mostly confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
extremes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audible frequency spectrum where it<br />
occurs as hum and/or hiss. May be reduced <strong>to</strong> negligible<br />
levels by good machine and tape design; see also ambient<br />
noise; low noise tape; random noise; white noise.(16.07.)<br />
.{D= Geräusch; Rauschen; Es= ruido; F= neige; bruit}.<br />
noise floor .{E} * The level at which noise exists in an<br />
electronic device, audio system, or tape recorder,<br />
measured in <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> sound signal; see also<br />
quiescent noise.04. 2) The lowest thresh-old <strong>of</strong> useful<br />
signal level.39. .{D= Rauschpegel; Es= ruido de fondo; F=<br />
bruit de fond}.<br />
noise level .{E} * The level <strong>of</strong> rms electronic noise in dBm<br />
measured over a defined noise bandwidth.46. .{D=<br />
Rauschpegel; Es= nivel de ruido; F= niveau de bruit}.<br />
noise pulse .{E} * A spurious signal <strong>of</strong> short duration that<br />
occurs during reproduction <strong>of</strong> a tape and is <strong>of</strong> a magnitude<br />
considerably in excess <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> average peak value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
ordinary system noise.46. .{D= ?; Es= impulso de ruido; F=<br />
impulsion de bruit}.<br />
noise-shaping circuit .{E} * A numer-ical feedback circuit<br />
used in some CD players <strong>to</strong> increase signal-<strong>to</strong>--noise<br />
ratio.39. .{D= ?; Es= circui<strong>to</strong> formador [configurador] de<br />
ruidos; F= circuit de conformation de bruit}.<br />
noise-suppression system .{E} * In <strong>the</strong> broadest meaning,<br />
<strong>the</strong> recognition and removal <strong>of</strong> unwanted audio data in an<br />
audio record and/or playback system. Non-linear, or<br />
transient noise and continuous noise suppression systems<br />
include OWL and Packburn; linear noise suppression<br />
systems include ANSR, CEDAR, Dbx, Dolby, and No-<br />
Noise. The various systems are incompatible, thus a<br />
recording made incorporating one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> systems can only<br />
be satisfac<strong>to</strong>rily replayed by decoding it with <strong>the</strong> proper<br />
decoder. .{D= geräuschunterdrückungs-System; ?; Es=<br />
sistema de supresión de ruidos; F= système de réduction<br />
de bruit}.<br />
nom d'étiquette .{F} * see label name .{E}.<br />
nom prédominant (cat) .{F} * see predominant name .{E}.<br />
nombre d'ouverture .{F} * see numerical aperture (NA) .{E}.<br />
157<br />
nombre de archivo en pantalla .{Es} * see title screen<br />
(computer files) .{E}.<br />
nombre de su ubicación .{Es} * see broadcast station (2)<br />
.{E}.<br />
nombre identificativo .{Es} * see label name .{E}.<br />
nombre predominante .{Es} * see predominant name .{E}.<br />
nombres décimaux codés binaires .{F} * see Binary-Coded<br />
Decimal numbers (BCD) .{E}.<br />
nomograma .{Es} * see nomograph .{E;F}.<br />
nomograph .{E;F} * A device used for calculating <strong>the</strong> effect<br />
<strong>of</strong> a filter on colour temperature.(09.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
nomograma; ábaco}.<br />
non modulé .{F} * see blank groove .{E}.<br />
non piqué .{F} * see s<strong>of</strong>t focus .{E}.<br />
non re<strong>to</strong>ur à zéro .{F} * see non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zero (NRZ) .{E}.<br />
non re<strong>to</strong>ur à zéro inversé .{F} * see non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zeroinverted<br />
(NRZI) .{E}.<br />
non synchrone .{F} * see asynchronous .{E}.<br />
non synhrone .{F} * see out <strong>of</strong> sync .{E}.<br />
non-book materials .{E} * see non-print materials.<br />
non-drop frame .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> time code used <strong>to</strong> label<br />
every video frame consecutively. It is not altered <strong>to</strong> reflect<br />
<strong>the</strong> slower frame rate <strong>of</strong> colour television, i.e. it is not<br />
precisely clock accurate. .{D= ?; Es= código de<br />
numeración del tiempo de cada fo<strong>to</strong>grama de un vídeo<br />
consecutivamente; F= codage temporel "non-drop frame"}.<br />
non-linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E} * Spectral artifacts introduced by<br />
<strong>the</strong> dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waveform, including harmonic and<br />
inter-modulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. .{D= nichtlineare Verzerrung;<br />
Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión no lineal; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion non linéaire}.<br />
non-pho<strong>to</strong>resist (NPR) .{E;F} * An alternative CD mastering<br />
method.39. .{D= ?; Es= (NPR) sistema no-fo<strong>to</strong>resistente<br />
(grabación de discos compac<strong>to</strong>s)}.<br />
non-print materials .{E} * Those archive and/or library<br />
materials which do not come within <strong>the</strong> definition <strong>of</strong> a book,<br />
periodical or pamphlet, e.g. audiovisual materials, vertical<br />
file materials, micr<strong>of</strong>orms or computer s<strong>of</strong>tware.19. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= materiales no impresos [copiados, editados]; F=<br />
matériaux non imprimés}.<br />
non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zero (NRZ) .{E} * A digital code in which<br />
polarity changes positively with a 0/1 sig-nal change, and<br />
negatively with a 1/0 signal change.39. .{D= ?; Es= sin<br />
re<strong>to</strong>rno a cero; F= non re<strong>to</strong>ur à zéro}.<br />
non-reversing film .{E} * see direct image film.<br />
nonaqueous solvent .{E} * Chemicals (o<strong>the</strong>r than water)<br />
used <strong>to</strong> dissolve o<strong>the</strong>r chemicals. Nonaqueous solvents<br />
used in deacidification techniques include methanol.53.<br />
.{D= nichtwässrige Lösung; Es= disolvente no acuoso; F=<br />
solvent non aqueux}.<br />
noncompatibility .{E} * Composite colour is said <strong>to</strong> be<br />
compatible with <strong>the</strong> monochrome format if its<br />
transmissions can be received on monochrome receivers<br />
and, and monochrome transmissions can be received on<br />
colour receivers. The NTSC system is fully compatible. If<br />
a system fails <strong>the</strong>se test it is noncompatible. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
no compatible [incompatible]; F= incompatibilité}.
norma .{Es} * see standard .{E}.<br />
norma de sensibilidad .{Es} * see pattern sensitivity .{E}.<br />
norma de sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization<br />
pattern .{E}.<br />
norma de televisión NTSC .{Es} * see NTSC television<br />
standard .{E}.<br />
normalspiel .{D} * see standard play (SP) .{E}.<br />
normas de archivo (calidad de los materiales) .{Es} * see<br />
archival standards .{E}.<br />
norme .{F} * see standard .{E}.<br />
norme basse fréquence .{F} * see lowband standard<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
norme de télévision NTSC .{F} * see NTSC television<br />
standard .{E}.<br />
normes d'archivage .{F} * see archival standards .{E}.<br />
normes de teinture bleue .{F} * see blue wool light fastness<br />
standards .{E}.<br />
nota (aclara<strong>to</strong>ria) .{Es} * see note .{E}.<br />
nota analítico (-a) .{Es} * see analytical note .{E}.<br />
notch .{E} * 1) A recess cut in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> negative film<br />
that is read by some printers <strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong> light intensity.<br />
2) A physical mark made on film for identification in a<br />
darkroom.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= corte; incisión; muesca; F=<br />
encoch; entaille}.<br />
notch-filter .{E} * An electronic screen with a characteristic<br />
reject <strong>of</strong> very specific band frequencies (ideally a single<br />
frequency) which allows <strong>the</strong> frequencies above and below<br />
<strong>to</strong> remain unaffected. .{D= notch-Filter; Es= filtro de<br />
muesca; F= filtre sélectif}.<br />
notch-Filter .{D} * see notch-filter .{E}.<br />
note .{E} * In a bibliographic record, a brief comment or<br />
explanation about <strong>the</strong> bibliographic description, his<strong>to</strong>ry, or<br />
content <strong>the</strong> cited item, which does not fit in<strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> a standardized bibliographic citation. Notes are formal<br />
when <strong>the</strong>y are introduced by a standardized word or<br />
phrase, followed by a colon, space; o<strong>the</strong>rwise, <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
considered informal.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= nota (aclara<strong>to</strong>ria); F=<br />
note d'explication}.<br />
note analytique .{F} * see analytical note .{E}.<br />
note d'explication .{F} * see note .{E}.<br />
notice catalographique .{F} * see contents note .{E}.<br />
notice catalographique .{F} * see main entry .{E}.<br />
noticiario .{Es} * see news film .{E}; newsreel .{E}.<br />
noticiario de televisión .{Es} * see television news .{E}.<br />
Notstandsplan .{D} * see disaster control plan .{E}.<br />
Notstandsplanung .{D} * see disaster control plan .{E}.<br />
nouveau pressage .{F} * see re-pressing .{E}.<br />
nouvelle sortie .{F} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.<br />
nouvelle vague .{Es;F} * see new wave .{E}.<br />
nouvelle version .{F} * see remake .{E}.<br />
158<br />
Nova Sina Mik 3000 .{D;E;Es;F} * see electronic<br />
hygrometer.<br />
novela o película en episodios .{Es} * see serial (2,3,4)<br />
.{E;F}.<br />
noyau .{F/B} * see core; hub; s<strong>of</strong>t core material .{E}.<br />
noyau DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) .{F} * see DIN hub<br />
.{E}.<br />
noyau NAB .{F} * see NAB hub .{E}.<br />
noyau see s<strong>of</strong>t core material .{E}.<br />
NPR .{E} * acronym for non-pho<strong>to</strong>resist; National Public<br />
Radio .{E}.<br />
NR .{E} * acronym for needle run.<br />
NRMM .{E} * acronym for National Register <strong>of</strong> Micr<strong>of</strong>orm<br />
Masters.<br />
NRZ .{E} * acronym for non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zero.<br />
NRZI .{E} * acronym for non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zero-inverted.<br />
NTSC .{E} * acronym for National Television Systems<br />
Committee.<br />
NTSC signal .{E} * see NTSC-m.<br />
NTSC standard .{E} * see NTSC-m.<br />
NTSC video format .{E} * see NTSC-m.<br />
NTSC-m .{D;E;Es;F} * The colour television standard used<br />
in <strong>the</strong> U.S., Japan, and elsewhere (mainly <strong>the</strong> Pacific basin<br />
area), prepared by <strong>the</strong> National Television Systems<br />
Committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Electronics Industries Association, using<br />
525 lines, 60 fields, and 30 frames per second; see also<br />
PAL; SECAM.(39.06.)<br />
nuance .{F} * see hue .{E}.<br />
NUC .{E/US} * acronym for National Union Catalog.<br />
núcleo .{Es} * see core; hub .{E}.<br />
núcleo (cintas magnéticas) .{Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>t core material<br />
(1) .{E}.<br />
núcleo de un disco laminado .{Es} * see core (2) .{E}.<br />
núcleo DIN .{Es} * see DIN hub .{E}.<br />
nueva versión .{Es} * see remake .{E}.<br />
nuevo .{Es} * see mint .{E}.<br />
nuevo prensado .{Es} * see re-pressing .{E}.<br />
nuevo registro .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
Nuevo Cine Americano .{Es} * see New American cinema<br />
.{E}.<br />
Nullkopie .{D} * see answer print .{E}.<br />
Number System Character (NSC) .{E} * see Universal<br />
Product Code (UPC).<br />
numeración con tinta visible .{Es} * see visible ink edge<br />
numbering .{E}.<br />
numeración en el borde de la imagen latente (proceso de<br />
la casa Kodak para numerar sus películas en los bordes)<br />
.{Es} * see latent image edge numbering .{E}.
numerical aperture (NA) .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relative<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> an optical system <strong>to</strong> accept light from an<br />
outside medium.39. .{D= ?; Es= abertura mecánica; F=<br />
nombre d'ouverture; diaphragme; aperture numérique}.<br />
numérisation .{F} * see digitization .{E}.<br />
numérisation des images .{F} * see image scanner .{E}.<br />
numéro (de bord) de l'image latente .{F} * see latent image<br />
edge numbering .{E}.<br />
numéro d'édition .{F} * see publisher's number .{E}.<br />
numéro d'identification du film .{F} * see film identification<br />
number .{E}.<br />
numéro de matrice .{F} * see issue number; matrix number<br />
.{E}.<br />
numéro de production .{E} * see production number .{E}.<br />
numéro de référence du film .{F} * see film strip reference<br />
number .{E}.<br />
Numéro International Normalisé des Enregistrements .{F}<br />
* see International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
Numéro International Normalisé des Publications en Série<br />
.{F} * see International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN)<br />
{E}<br />
Numéro International Normalisé des Livres .{F} * see<br />
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) .{E}.<br />
número arbitrario de bits que comprende una unidad<br />
operacional de información .{Es} * see byte .{E}.<br />
número de catálogo .{Es} * see catalogue number (cat.<br />
no.) .{E}.<br />
número de copias de una publicación .{Es} * see edition<br />
(2) .{E}.<br />
número de edi<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see publisher's number .{E}.<br />
número de emisión .{Es} * see issue number .{E}.<br />
número de identificación de una película .{Es} * see film<br />
identification number .{E}.<br />
número de producción .{Es} * see production number .{E}.<br />
número de referencia de tira de película .{Es} * see film<br />
strip reference number .{E}.<br />
número del catálogo del album .{Es} * see album number<br />
.{E}.<br />
número estándar .{Es} * see standard number .{E}.<br />
número marginal .{Es} * see edge numbers .{E}.<br />
número matriz .{Es} * see matrix number .{E}.<br />
Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones<br />
Seriadas o Revistas .{Es} * see International Standard<br />
Serial Numbering (ISSN) .{E}.<br />
numéros d'index .{F} * see index numbers .{E}.<br />
numéros de bord .{F} * see edge numbers .{E}.<br />
numéros de piste .{F} * see track numbers .{E}.<br />
números de dígi<strong>to</strong>s decimales codificados binariamente<br />
.{Es} * see Binary-Coded Decimal numbers (BCD) .{E}.<br />
159<br />
números de pista .{Es} * see track numbers .{E}.<br />
números índice .{Es} * see index numbers .{E}.<br />
Nummer .{D} * see volume .{E;F}.<br />
NVN .{F} * see BVB .{E}.<br />
Nyquist <strong>the</strong>orem .{E} * see sampling <strong>the</strong>orem (Nyquist).<br />
o --o<br />
del neutro .{Es} * see neutral test card .{E}.<br />
o-phenyl phenol .{E} * see ortho-phenyl phenol.<br />
Oberflächen-Eindruckmarken .{D} * see surface imprint<br />
.{E}.<br />
Oberflächenbehandlung .{D} * see surface treatment .{E}.<br />
Oberflächenstörungen .{D} * see surface noise .{E}.<br />
objectif .{F} * see target .{E}.<br />
objectif (lentille) .{F} * see lens .{E}.<br />
objectif achromatique .{F} * see achromatic lens .{E}.<br />
objectif anamorphoseur .{F} * see anamorphic lens .{E}.<br />
objectif anastigmatique .{F} * see anastigmatic lens .{E}.<br />
objectif astigmatique .{F} * see asynchronous; astigmatic<br />
lens .{E}.<br />
objectif de longue focale .{F} * see telepho<strong>to</strong> lens .{E}.<br />
objectif grand angulaire .{F} * see wide-angle lens .{E}.<br />
objectif traité .{F} * see coated lens .{E}.<br />
objectif très grand angulaire .{F} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.<br />
objective lens .{E} * The optical component used in optical<br />
media pickups <strong>to</strong> focus LASER light on <strong>the</strong> disc data<br />
surface.39. .{D= Transfoka<strong>to</strong>r (Gummilinse); Es= objetivo;<br />
lente de foco variable (trafocador); F= lentille d'objectif;<br />
lentille objectif; objectif à distance focale variable}.<br />
objetivo .{Es} * see mire; objective lens .{E}; target (3) .{E}.<br />
objetivo acromático .{Es} * see achromatic lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo anamórfica .{Es} * see anamorphic lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo anastigmática .{Es} * see anastigmatic lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo astigmática .{Es} * see astigmatic lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo catadipótrico .{Es} * see catadioptric lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo cilíndricas .{Es} * see cylindrical lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo de ojo de pez .{Es} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.<br />
objetivo técnico .{Es} * see technical target .{E}.<br />
obje<strong>to</strong> cilíndrico para enrollar cintas .{Es} * see core (1)<br />
.{E}.<br />
obje<strong>to</strong> en tres dimensiones .{Es} * see realia .{E}.<br />
obje<strong>to</strong> monográfico .{Es} * see monographic item .{E}.<br />
obje<strong>to</strong> multimedia .{Es} * see multimedia item .{E}.<br />
obje<strong>to</strong>s compues<strong>to</strong> por varias partes de importancia
equivalente .{Es} * see multi-part items .{E}.<br />
oblique light .{E} * A light which is viewed as reflected from<br />
a surface at a shallow angle and which shows <strong>the</strong><br />
maximum relief <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reflecting surface.42. .{D= ?; Es= luz<br />
oblicua; F= lumière oblique}.<br />
obra de arte original (en contraposición a una<br />
reproducción) .{Es} * see art original .{E}.<br />
obstrucción del cabezal .{Es} * see head clog .{E}.<br />
obturador .{Es} * see shutter .{E}.<br />
obturador de borrado .{Es} * see blanking shutter .{E}.<br />
obturateur .{F} * see shutter .{E}.<br />
octava .{Es} * see octave .{D;E;F}.<br />
octave .{D;E;F} * The interval between two frequencies <strong>of</strong><br />
sound or electrical energy having a ratio <strong>of</strong> 2:1.16. .{Es=<br />
octava}.<br />
octet .{F} * see byte .{E}.<br />
octe<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see byte .{E}.<br />
ocul<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see concealment .{E}.<br />
odd field .{E} * see field.<br />
Oe .{E} * abbreviation for Oersted.<br />
OEM .{E} * acronym for original equipment manufac-turer.<br />
Oersted (Oe) .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A unit measurement <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic field strength.46. 2) The CGS unit for<br />
coercivity.57. 3) The CGS unit <strong>of</strong> magnetizing force,<br />
(symbol H), equal <strong>to</strong> a magne<strong>to</strong>motive force <strong>of</strong> 1 gilbert<br />
acting over a length <strong>of</strong> 1 cm; named after Hans C.<br />
Oersted, a Danish physicist.10.<br />
oeuvre originale (non reproduite) .{F} * see art original .{E}.<br />
oeuvre reproduite .{F} * see art print .{E}.<br />
<strong>of</strong>f-Line .{E} * An audio or video editing procedure where<br />
<strong>the</strong> end product is an edit decision list (EDL) capable <strong>of</strong><br />
being assembled in an on-line mode. .{D= ?; Es= fuerza de<br />
línea; independencia de línea; F= procédé de montage<br />
audio ou vidéo}.<br />
<strong>of</strong>fene Spule .{D} * see open reel .{E}.<br />
<strong>of</strong>fener Wickel .{D} * see pancake .{E}.<br />
<strong>of</strong>fset .{E} * The difference in <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> frames<br />
between begin -access time and actual start time. A safety<br />
margin for player muting/de-muting.39. .{D= Offset; Es=<br />
balance; compensación; desviación; desnivel; F=<br />
décalage; désaxer}.<br />
Offset .{D} * see <strong>of</strong>fset .{E}.<br />
ohm .{D;E;Es;F} * The basic unit <strong>of</strong> electrical resistance<br />
and reactance named after Georg Simon Ohm, German<br />
physicist. Ohm's law was a result <strong>of</strong> his researches in<br />
electricity, and <strong>the</strong> measure <strong>of</strong> resistance is called<br />
ohm.(10.)<br />
ombrage continu .{F} * see drop shadow .{E}.<br />
ombre .{F} * see shadow .{E}.<br />
ombre projetée .{F} * see drop shadow .{E}.<br />
omega .{E} * see alpha .{E}.<br />
160<br />
omni-player .{E} * A CD-VIDEO player that will play CD-I<br />
discs. .{D= ?; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r de vídeo y CD-I; F= lecteur<br />
multi format}.<br />
on-line .{E} * An audio or video editing procedure where<br />
<strong>the</strong> end product is <strong>the</strong> complete finished tape. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
en línea; de entrada directa; acoplado al sistema; F= en<br />
ligne}.<br />
onda estacionaria .{Es} * see stationary wave .{E}.<br />
onda portadora intermedia .{Es} * see subcarrier .{E}.<br />
onda sinusoidal .{Es} * see sine wave .{E}.<br />
onde sinusoïdale .{F} * see sine wave .{E}.<br />
onde stationnaire .{F} * see stationary wave .{E}.<br />
ondear una bandera .{Es} * see flag-waving .{E}.<br />
ondulación .{Es} * see curl/curling .{E}; edge roll/lift .{E};<br />
flutter .{E}.<br />
ondulación de la cinta .{Es} * see tape weave .{E}.<br />
ondulaciones .{Es} * see cockle/cockling .{E}; waviness<br />
.{E}.<br />
ondulado .{Es} * see blocked pack .{E}.<br />
ondulado (cintas) .{Es} * see blocked pack .{E}.<br />
ondulation .{F} * see curl/curling .{E}.<br />
ondulation de la bande .{F} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head separation<br />
changes; tape weave .{E}.<br />
ondulation de la bordure .{F} * see edge fluting .{E}.<br />
onduleux .{F} * see waviness .{E}.<br />
op amp .{E} * abbreviation for operational am-plifier.39.<br />
opal glass .{E} * A glass which has a translucent white tint<br />
throughout its thickness.42. .{D= ?; Es= vidrio opalino;<br />
vidrio opal; F= verre opalisé}.<br />
opaque support .{E} * A non-translucent, non-transparent<br />
material used as base or support for o<strong>the</strong>r materials.(42.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= soporte opaco; placa opaca; F= support<br />
opaque}.<br />
open reel .{E} * In magnetic tape recording and/or<br />
playback, a reel-<strong>to</strong>-reel tape recording/playing system, as<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> quick-lo-ading types such as cassette and<br />
cartridge; see also reel <strong>to</strong> reel tape.(16.) .{D= Spule; <strong>of</strong>fene<br />
Spule; Es= bobina [carrete] abier<strong>to</strong>; F= bobine libre;<br />
bobines "ouvertes"}.<br />
operador jefe .{Es} * see SC/H (2) .{E}.<br />
operario que hace las copias .{Es} * see printer (2) .{E}.<br />
operating environment .{E} * 1) The physical conditions at<br />
<strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> or while operating a piece <strong>of</strong> equipment. 2) The<br />
recommended physical conditions for operating a piece<br />
equipment, frequently including a maximum and minimum<br />
temperature and relative humidity range, a maximum dew<br />
point, <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> altitude, <strong>the</strong> allowable levels <strong>of</strong> shock,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> allowable duration.(46.) .{D= klimatische<br />
Betriebsbedingungen; Betriebsbedingungen; Es=<br />
ambiente operativo; F= environnement d'exploitation}.<br />
operational amplifier .{E} * An ana-logue device <strong>of</strong>ten used<br />
as a gain block.39. .{D= Operationsverstärker; Es=<br />
amplificador operacional; F= amplificateur opérationnel}.
opérations en temps réel (disques optiques) .{F} * see<br />
real-time operating system (RTOS) .{E}.<br />
Operationsverstärker .{D} * see operational amplifier .{E}.<br />
OPP .{E} * acronym for ortho-phenyl phenol.<br />
optical .{E} * 1) In general, having <strong>to</strong> do with light and its<br />
behaviour and control, as in optical properties, optical<br />
rotation.40. 2) In moving-image production technology, any<br />
device which is accom-plished in <strong>the</strong> labora<strong>to</strong>ry ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
in <strong>the</strong> cutting room or on <strong>the</strong> set, such as dissolves, freeze<br />
frames, wipes, ghost images, and matte shots.30. .{D=<br />
optisch; Es= óptico; F= optique}.<br />
optical beam accessible zone .{E} * The annular subset <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mechanically accessible zone on an optical disc which<br />
can be accessed by <strong>the</strong> read or write beam.(46.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= zona accesible del haz óptico; F= plage accessible}.<br />
optical density .{E} * see density.<br />
optical disc .{E} * Any (i.e., read-only, write-once, erasable<br />
disc, etc.) flat, circular medium <strong>the</strong> surfaces <strong>of</strong> which are<br />
sandwiched between transparent layers <strong>of</strong> glass or plastic,<br />
permitting <strong>the</strong> recording, s<strong>to</strong>rage, and retrieval <strong>of</strong> data in<br />
digital form; see also compact disc; digital optical<br />
recording; video disc.(22.39.) .{D= optische Platte;<br />
Bildplatte; Es= disco óptico; F= disque optique}.<br />
optical effects .{E} * In moving-image production, <strong>the</strong><br />
alteration <strong>of</strong> a motion picture scene, commonly introduced<br />
in duplication, includes fades, dissolves, and wipes, as<br />
well as many o<strong>the</strong>r effects.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong>s<br />
ópticos; F= trucages; effets optiques}.<br />
optical path length .{E} * The sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> products <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
index <strong>of</strong> refraction (n) and <strong>the</strong> thickness <strong>of</strong> each layer<br />
(micrometres) between <strong>the</strong> entry face and <strong>the</strong> recording<br />
layer.46. .{D= ?; Es= longitud del rayo óptico; F= longueur<br />
du chemin optique}.<br />
optical pickup .{E} * The device which uses LASER light <strong>to</strong><br />
convey data from a disc.(39.) .{D= optischer<br />
Tonabnehmer; Es= cabezal óptico; F= tête optique}.<br />
optical printer .{E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> equipment that combines<br />
<strong>the</strong> functions <strong>of</strong> a film projec<strong>to</strong>r and a film camera.(10.)<br />
.{D= Truco; optische Bank; Es= impresor [-a] óptico [-a];<br />
truco; F= tireuse optique; truca}.<br />
optical printing .{E} * The reproduction <strong>of</strong> a still- or movingimage<br />
transparent film by projecting <strong>the</strong> image on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper or film s<strong>to</strong>ck.(10.) .{D= optisches<br />
Kopieren; Es= copia óptica; positivado óptico; triaje óptico;<br />
F= triage optique}.<br />
optical prints .{E} * see answer print.<br />
optical recorder .{E} * The piece <strong>of</strong> equipment in motion<br />
picture film production which transfers <strong>the</strong> audio<br />
information from an electrical signal <strong>to</strong> an optical<br />
image.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= grabador óptico; F=<br />
enregistrement optique}.<br />
optical soundtrack .{E} * An audio signal on a motion<br />
picture film in which <strong>the</strong> sound recording takes <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong><br />
density variation in a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image, also called<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic soundtrack.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= pista óptica; F=<br />
piste optique}.<br />
óptico .{Es} * see optical .{E}.<br />
optique .{F} * see optical .{E}.<br />
optisch .{D} * see optical .{E}.<br />
optische Bank .{D} * see op-isola<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * Optical<br />
161<br />
components which convert electrical signals <strong>to</strong> light and<br />
<strong>the</strong>n back <strong>to</strong> electrical. Used in some CD players <strong>to</strong> isolate<br />
<strong>the</strong> noise <strong>of</strong> digital circuitry from analogue circuitry.39. .{D=<br />
?; Es= desconectador [seccionador] óptico; F= isolant<br />
optique}.<br />
oral his<strong>to</strong>ry .{E} * The result <strong>of</strong> interviews, usually planned,<br />
with individuals, usually in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> sound recordings or<br />
transcripts <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.(22.) .{D= mündliche Überlieferung; Es=<br />
archivo/s oral/es; F= archives orales; his<strong>to</strong>ire orale}.<br />
orange spots .{E} * see microspots.<br />
órbita .{Es} * see orbit, geosynchronous .{E}.<br />
orbite géostationnaire .{F} * see orbit geosynchronous .{E}.<br />
orden de pago .{Es} * see draft; draft (2) .{E}.<br />
ordenador .{Es} * see console (1, 2) .{E;F}.<br />
order number .{E} * see issue number.<br />
Ordnung .{D} * see arrangement .{E}.<br />
Ordnungsarbeit .{D} * see arr{E}.<br />
orificio anti-explosión .{Es} * see explosion vent .{E}.<br />
origen .{Es} * see provenance .{E}.<br />
Origin .{D} * see original album/box .{E}.<br />
original .{E;Es;F} * 1) The initially created document as<br />
distinguished from any copy <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.22. 2) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy,<br />
<strong>the</strong> object, person, or scene that is <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> an image.<br />
3) The initial pho<strong>to</strong>graphic record, usually made in a<br />
camera. 4) In reprography, <strong>the</strong> source document or<br />
intermediate copy from which copies are produced; thus<br />
<strong>the</strong> original may be a positive or a negative.01. 5) An initial<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic image or sound recording, whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or magnetic, as opposed <strong>to</strong> some stage <strong>of</strong><br />
duplication <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.(09.) .{D= Original; Urschrift}.<br />
original .{F} * see also first-generation videotape; master;<br />
metal master; mo<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
original (grabación) de metal .{Es} * see metal master .{E}.<br />
original a partir del que se obtienen copias .{Es} * see<br />
master (2) .{E}.<br />
original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r container) .{E} * In sound<br />
recordings, may refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> container in which <strong>the</strong><br />
recording was first issued, <strong>the</strong> sound recording itself, or<br />
both.(04.) .{D= Originalalbum; Originalbehälter;<br />
Originalbox; Es= álbum [caja] original; F= album/boîte<br />
original}.<br />
original broadcast date .{E} * The day, month, and year,<br />
and, optionally, <strong>the</strong> time (indicated by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
twentyfour hour clock) at which a programme was first<br />
broadcast in <strong>the</strong> country <strong>of</strong> origin.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fecha<br />
original de difusión; F= date de première diffusion}.<br />
original film .{E} * see camera film; camera micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.<br />
original label .{E} * The tag or slip attached in <strong>the</strong><br />
publication process <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first published release <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sound recording.(04.) .{D= Originallabel; Es= etiquetado<br />
original; F= étiquette originale}.<br />
original negative .{E} * The film negative exposed in <strong>the</strong><br />
camera from which subsequent original prints are made;<br />
see also camera film; copy negative.(43.) .{D= Original-<br />
Negativ; Es= negativo original; F= négatif original}.<br />
original performance .{E} * A distinction between a
ecording in question from subsequent, sometimes<br />
revised, recorded performances.(04.) .{D=<br />
Originallaufführung; Es= ejecución [actuación] original; F=<br />
éxecution originale}.<br />
original pressing .{E} * First issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc recording in<br />
question.(04.) .{D= Originalpressung; Es= impresión<br />
original (disco); F= pression originale}.<br />
original print .{E} * Copy made from an original negative<br />
and contemporary with <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graph was made;<br />
see also copy print.43. .{D= ?; Es= copia original; F= tirage<br />
original}.<br />
original recording .{E} * 1) The first issued version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded performance in question. 2) An unedit-image<br />
item was first <strong>of</strong>fered for distribution. 2) For motionpictures,<br />
in certain circumstances may also be <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong><br />
first public screening in <strong>the</strong> form finally <strong>of</strong>fered for<br />
distribution.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
original release title .{E} * The title used on <strong>the</strong> first release<br />
or broadcast in <strong>the</strong> country <strong>of</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sound recordings or moving-image production being<br />
described in a catalogue entry. In recognition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
impermanence <strong>of</strong> film title, <strong>the</strong> original title is used as <strong>the</strong><br />
title proper for archival film and video recordings.(12.) .{D=<br />
?; Es= título de publicación original; F= titre original}.<br />
original secundario .{Es} * see second original .{E}.<br />
original take .{E} * see original performance.<br />
original telecast date .{E} * see original broadcast date.<br />
Original .{D} * see master; original .{E;Es;F}.<br />
Original-Negativ .{D} * see original negative .{E}.<br />
Originalaufnahme .{D} * see original recording .{E}.<br />
Originalband .{D} * see master tape .{E}.<br />
Originalbehälter .{D} * see original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
container) .{E}.<br />
Originalbesetzung .{D} * see original cast .{E}.<br />
Originalbox .{D} * see original album/box (or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
container) .{E}.<br />
Originallabel .{D} * see original label .{E}.<br />
Originalnegativ .{D} * see master negative .{E}.<br />
Originalpressung .{D} * see original pressing .{E}.<br />
originating system .{E} * An information processing system<br />
which can create a set <strong>of</strong> files on a volume set for <strong>the</strong><br />
purpose <strong>of</strong> data interchange with ano<strong>the</strong>r system.20. .{D=<br />
?; Es= sistema de origen; F= dispositif d'échange de<br />
données}.<br />
origination film .{E} * see camera film.<br />
ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) .{E} * A phenolic chemical that<br />
has been used for non-residual mould, mildew, and fungi<br />
control on library materials. This chemical is not registered<br />
for such control in many countries, but has been used in<br />
<strong>the</strong> past for extensive infestations <strong>of</strong> such growths brought<br />
about by flooding and fires. It is also used in starch-based<br />
adhesives <strong>to</strong> inhibit mould/mildew/fungi growth and <strong>to</strong><br />
prolong <strong>the</strong> shelf-life <strong>of</strong> paste. It is a solid at room<br />
temperature and is usually mixed with ethanol for aqueous<br />
or spray application. Many recommend that ortho-phenyl<br />
phenol be substituted for thymol; see also anti-fungus<br />
agent.(38.) .{D= ?; Es= ort<strong>of</strong>enilfenol; F= phénol orthophényl}.<br />
162<br />
orthochromatic film .{E} * A silver emulsion film sensitive <strong>to</strong><br />
yellow and green light as well as <strong>to</strong> blue and violet. Not<br />
being sensitive <strong>to</strong> red, dark red is reproduced <strong>the</strong> same as<br />
black; see also panchromatic film.01. .{D=<br />
or<strong>to</strong>chromatische Emulsion; Es= emulsión or<strong>to</strong>cromática;<br />
F= film orthochromatique; emulsion ortho}.<br />
orthostereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.<br />
or<strong>to</strong>chromatische Emulsion .{D} * see orthochromatic film<br />
.{E}.<br />
ort<strong>of</strong>enilfenol .{Es} * see ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) .{E}.<br />
os-9 .{E;Es;F} * The real-time operating system on which<br />
<strong>the</strong> CD-I operat-ing system is based.39. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=<br />
?}.<br />
oscilloscope .{E;F} * An instrument which displays<br />
electrical signals as graphs on a screen (cathode ray<br />
tube). Used for testing and measuring <strong>of</strong> electrical and<br />
electronic equipment, <strong>to</strong> analyze room acoustics, <strong>to</strong><br />
analyze an electronic signal being recorded, etc.; also<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> as a scope.(04.50.) .{D= ?; Es= osciloscópio}.<br />
oscilloscope vec<strong>to</strong>riel .{F} * see vec<strong>to</strong>rscope .{E}.<br />
osciloscopio .{Es} * see scope (2) .{E}.<br />
osciloscópio .{Es} * see oscilloscope .{E}.<br />
oscuridad .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r title information .{E} * A word or phrase, or a group <strong>of</strong><br />
characters appearing in conjunction with, and subordinate<br />
<strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong> title proper <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item. O<strong>the</strong>r title information also<br />
occurs in conjunction with and subordinate <strong>to</strong>: parallel<br />
titles, variations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> title proper, episode titles, contents<br />
titles, titles <strong>of</strong> series, or <strong>of</strong> subseries. O<strong>the</strong>r title information<br />
generally qualifies-tîtres.12. .{D= ?; Es= título<br />
complementario [adicional]; F= titre complémentaire}.<br />
out <strong>of</strong> contact .{E} * An expression used in motion picture<br />
film contact printing <strong>to</strong> describe non-contact between<br />
emulsions. This causes problems with <strong>the</strong> desired images,<br />
such as spreading <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= fuera de<br />
contac<strong>to</strong>; F= perte de contact}.<br />
out <strong>of</strong> phase .{E} * Imperfect coordination or<br />
nonsynchronous operation between or among two or more<br />
components, waves, devices, currents, et al.(10.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= fuera de fase; desfasado; F= hors phase; déphasé}.<br />
out <strong>of</strong> sync .{E} * An expression used <strong>to</strong> indicate that<br />
sound and image in a moving image production are not in<br />
synchroniza-tion.(30.) 2) In television and video<br />
productions, a descrip<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> any signal which is<br />
nonsynchronous with <strong>the</strong> master reference. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
desincronizado; desacompasado; fuera de sincronismo;<br />
F= désynchronisé; non synhrone}.<br />
outil graveur .{F} * see stylus .{E}.<br />
output .{E} * 1) Any data leaving a circuit or system.39. 2)<br />
The magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproduced signal voltage, usually<br />
measured at <strong>the</strong> output <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproduced amplifier.46. 3)<br />
The signal voltage coming from components, such as preamplifiers<br />
and amplifiers. In tape recorders, <strong>the</strong>re are line<br />
outputs, speaker outputs and moni<strong>to</strong>r outputs.50; see also<br />
input/output. .{D= Ausgang; Ausgangssignal; Es= salida;<br />
rendimien<strong>to</strong>; capacidad; F= sortie; rendement}.<br />
output filter .{E} * see anti-imaging filter.39.<br />
outtake .{E} * In general, any moving-image shot which is<br />
removed from a work; more specifically, shots which are<br />
not included in <strong>the</strong> moving-image work as originally<br />
released or broadcast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= salida; <strong>to</strong>ma
defectuosa; deshecho; F= chutes}.<br />
ouverture .{F} * see aperture; fade .{E}.<br />
ouverture (graduelle) d'iris/fermeture (graduelle) d'iris .{F}<br />
* see iris-in/iris-out .{E}.<br />
ouverture dans le cache .{F} * see window opening .{E}.<br />
ouverture en fondu .{F} * see fade .{E}.<br />
ouverture géométrique .{F} * see s<strong>to</strong>p .{E}.<br />
over-dub .{E} * An audio processing procedure used in<br />
audio sweetening. .{D= ?; Es= sobregrabación;<br />
regrabación; F= musique surajoutée}.<br />
over-exposure .{E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic condition in which <strong>to</strong>o<br />
much light reaches <strong>the</strong> film producing a dense negative or<br />
a washed-out reversal.(09.) .{D= Überbelichtung; Es=<br />
sobreexposición; F= surexposition}.<br />
over-sampling .{E} * The technique in which <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />
samples is multiplied <strong>to</strong> permit digital filtering <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> signal<br />
prior <strong>to</strong> d/a conversion. A gentle analogue low -pass filter<br />
is still required after over-sampling <strong>to</strong> remove extreme<br />
supersonic frequencies.39. .{D= ?; Es= sobremuestro; F=<br />
suréchantillonnage}.<br />
over-<strong>the</strong>-shoulder shot .{E} * A shot used in dialogue<br />
scenes in which <strong>the</strong> speaker is seen as well as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head and part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shoulder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
listener.30. .{D= ?; Es= plano con dos ac<strong>to</strong>res, uno de<br />
ellos de espaldas a la cámara; F= plan par-desus l'épaule;<br />
champ; contre-champ}.<br />
overdubbing .{E} * see sound-on-sound.<br />
overhead projec<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * An aparatus for projecting<br />
magnified images <strong>of</strong> graphic materials on<strong>to</strong> a screen. .{D=<br />
?; Es= proyec<strong>to</strong>r de trayec<strong>to</strong>ria de proyección alta;<br />
proyec<strong>to</strong>r con espejo; F= rétroprojecteur}.<br />
overlap sound .{E} * A moving-image production technique<br />
in which a cut, or edit, in <strong>the</strong> soundtrack is not cut at <strong>the</strong><br />
same time as <strong>the</strong> image, but ei<strong>the</strong>r before or after. Often<br />
used in reaction shots.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= sonido solapado;<br />
F= son débordant d'un plan sur l'autre; chevauchement;<br />
intersection}.<br />
overload .{E} * Feeding a component or system more data<br />
than it can handle, <strong>the</strong>reby causing overload dis<strong>to</strong>rtion;<br />
see also clipping.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= sobrecarga; F=<br />
surcharge; surmodulation; poids en surcharge}.<br />
overmodulation .{E} * The exceeding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum<br />
permissible amplitude <strong>of</strong> a signal for recording or<br />
transmission; <strong>the</strong> result is usually dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(10.) .{D=<br />
Übersteuerung; Es= sobremodulación; F= surmodulation}.<br />
oxidación .{Es} * see oxidation .{E;F}.<br />
oxidation .{E;F} * 1) Chemical reaction that converts an<br />
element in<strong>to</strong> its oxide. 2) To combine with oxygen.(44.) 3)<br />
In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials image silver can react<br />
chemically with oxidizing agents, resulting in <strong>the</strong><br />
discolouration <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs.(43.) .{D= Oxydation; Es=<br />
oxidación; F= oxydation}.<br />
oxide .{E} * 1) In magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> ferromagnetic particles<br />
which, when properly dispersed in a plastic binder and<br />
coated on a base, form <strong>the</strong> magnetic portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape.<br />
All oxides used in magnetic tape are magnetically 'hard',<br />
main-taining magnetism induced in <strong>the</strong>m until<br />
demagnetized by external magnetic fields <strong>of</strong> approximately<br />
50 oersteds intensity or more. 2) Conventional oxide<br />
particles are chemically known as gamma ferric oxide,<br />
brown in colour, acicular or needle-like in shape, and <strong>of</strong><br />
163<br />
micron length.(16.) .{D= Oxidschicht; Pigment; Es= óxido;<br />
F= oxyde}.<br />
oxide build-up .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, <strong>the</strong><br />
accumulation <strong>of</strong> oxide or, more generally, wear products in<br />
<strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> deposits on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> heads and<br />
guides.46. .{D= Oxidablagerung; Es= acumulación de<br />
óxido; F= formation de poudrette; poudrage; dépôt<br />
d'oxyde}.<br />
oxide loading .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a measure<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> density with which oxide is packed in<strong>to</strong> a coating. It<br />
is usually specified in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> oxide per unit<br />
volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating.46. .{D= Füllfak<strong>to</strong>r; Es= medida de<br />
óxido; F= charge en poudre d'oxyde}.<br />
oxide shedding .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, <strong>the</strong><br />
loosening <strong>of</strong> particles <strong>of</strong> oxide from <strong>the</strong> tape coating during<br />
use, generally an indication <strong>of</strong> deterioration.(46.06.) .{D=<br />
Schichtabrieb; Es= desprendimen<strong>to</strong> de óxido; F= perte<br />
d'oxyde}.<br />
óxido .{Es} * see oxide .{E}.<br />
óxido de cobal<strong>to</strong> impuro .{Es} * see cobalt-doped oxide<br />
.{E}.<br />
óxido de etileno .{Es} * see ethylene oxide .{E}.<br />
óxido férrico .{Es} * see ferric oxide .{E}.<br />
óxido férrico gamma .{Es} * see gamma ferric oxide .{E}.<br />
Oxidschicht .{D} * see oxide .{E}.<br />
oxydation .{F} * see oxidation .{E;F}.<br />
Oxydation .{D} * see oxidation .{E;F}.<br />
oxyde .{F} * see oxide .{E}.<br />
oxyde d'éthylène .{F} see ethylene oxide .{E}.<br />
oxyde d'éthylène. .{F} * see evaluation .{E}.<br />
oxyde dopé au cobalt .{F} * see cobalt-doped oxide .{E}.<br />
oxyde ferrique .{F} * see ferric oxide .{E}.<br />
oxyde ferrique .{F}. see ferric oxide .{E}.<br />
oxyde ferrique gamma .{F} * see gamma ferric oxide .{E}.<br />
ozocerite .{E} * see ozokerite.<br />
ozokerita .{Es} * see ozokerite .{E}.<br />
ozokerite .{E} * A wax derived from shale used as <strong>the</strong><br />
coating on <strong>the</strong> 1885 cylinder recording for Chichester Bell<br />
and Charles S. Tainter's Graphophone; also known as<br />
ozocerite. .{D= ?; Es= ozokerita; F= ozokérite}.<br />
ozokérite .{F} * see ozokerite .{E}.<br />
p --p-channel<br />
.{E} * 1) One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), used <strong>to</strong> carry <strong>the</strong> music flag (e.g. indicating<br />
<strong>the</strong> presence or absence <strong>of</strong> a music track) as well as<br />
information on lead-in, lead-out, and play areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc;<br />
see also sub-code.(39.10.) .{D= ?; Es= canal P; F= canal<br />
p}.<br />
p-w channels .{E} * The eight subcode channels on<br />
compact discs. .{D= ?; Es= canales P-W; F= canaux p-w}.<br />
PAC .{E} * acronym for Preservation Advisory Committee.
pack .{E} * In magnetic tape and strip film usage, <strong>the</strong> form<br />
taken by tape or film as it is wound on a reel or around a<br />
hub. A good pack will be smooth and free <strong>of</strong> ripples,<br />
buckling, cinching, etc.(04.) see also tape pack. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= paquete; material de envolver; envoltura; F=<br />
enroulement}.<br />
packing density .{E} * The amount <strong>of</strong> digital information<br />
recorded on<strong>to</strong> a magnetic film or tape as measured in bits<br />
per inch. .{D= Datendichte; Es= densidad de información;<br />
densidad de relleno; F= densité d'enregistrement}.<br />
padre .{Es} * see fa<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
paille .{F} * see nick .{E}.<br />
país de origen .{Es} * see country <strong>of</strong> origin .{E}.<br />
PAL .{E} * acronym for 1) permanent artificial lighting, 2)<br />
Phase Alternation Line.<br />
PAL colour system .{D;E;Es;F} * The colour television<br />
system developed in Germany which has 625 lines, 50<br />
fields, and 25 pictures per second; with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour<br />
signals reversed in polarity bet-image camera, usually from<br />
<strong>the</strong> pivotal point <strong>of</strong> a tripod.09. 2) Movement <strong>of</strong> a movingima-ge<br />
camera from left <strong>to</strong> right or right <strong>to</strong> left around a<br />
vertical axis; see also tilt and roll. A pan is sometimes<br />
confused with a track-ing shot, which is quite different;<br />
although <strong>the</strong> camera swivels in a pan, and <strong>the</strong> image<br />
seems <strong>to</strong> 'move', in reality <strong>the</strong> camera is quite stationary;<br />
see also camera angle.30. 3) Abbrevia-tion for<br />
panchromatic film. .{D= Kasten; Panorama-Schwenk;<br />
Schwenk; Es= eje óptico; panorámica; F= bac;<br />
panoramique}.<br />
Panavision .{D;E;Es;F} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most widely used<br />
anamorphic processes in 35-mm film, largely superseding<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r similar processes. Ultra-Panavision utilizes 70-mm<br />
film.<br />
pancake .{E} * A roll <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape or strip film that is<br />
wound on<strong>to</strong> a hub without flanges or sides.(04.) .{D=<br />
Pancake; <strong>of</strong>fener Wickel; Es= bobina plana [chata]; F=<br />
bobine sur noyau}.<br />
Pancake .{D} * see pancake .{E}.<br />
panchromatic film .{E} * Black and white, silver emulsion<br />
film which is sensitive <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire visible colour spectrum,<br />
and usually <strong>to</strong> ultraviolet, in <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> about <strong>the</strong> same<br />
relative brightness as <strong>the</strong> human eye sees. All colours are<br />
reproduced in various shades <strong>of</strong> grey; see also<br />
orthochromatic film. .{D= panchromatisch;<br />
panchromatische Emulsion; Es= película pancromática;<br />
emulsión pancromática; pancromática; F= émulsion<br />
panchromatique; panchromatique}.<br />
panchromatique .{F} * see pan .{E}.<br />
panchromatisch .{D} * see panchromatic film .{E}.<br />
panchromatische Emulsion .{D} * see panchromatic f<br />
panneau d'affichag * see billboard .{E}.<br />
panneau luminescent .{F} * see luminescent panel .{E}.<br />
panneaux mobiles .{F} * see wild walls .{E}.<br />
Panorama-Schwenk .{D} * see pan .{E}.<br />
panorámica .{Es} * see pan .{E}.<br />
panorámica rápida .{Es} * see swish pan .{E}.<br />
panoramique .{F} * see pan .{E}.<br />
164<br />
panoramique filé .{F} * see swish pan .{E}.<br />
panoramique rapide .{F} * see swish pan .{E}.<br />
panoramique vertical .{E}{F} * see tilt shot .{E}.<br />
pantalla .{Es} * see screen; shield front .{E}.<br />
pantalla acústica .{Es} * see baffle .{E}.<br />
pantalla cristalizada .{Es} * see beaded screen .{E}.<br />
pantalla de alta ganancia .{Es} * see high-gain screen .{E}.<br />
pantalla de aluminio .{Es} * see aluminium screen .{E}.<br />
pantalla de medio <strong>to</strong>no .{Es} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne screen .{E}.<br />
pantalla de proyec<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see gobo (1) .{E}.<br />
pantalla difusora .{Es} * see scrim frame .{E}.<br />
pantalla dividida .{Es} * see split screen .{E}.<br />
pantalla luminiscente .{Es} * see luminescent panel .{E}.<br />
pantalla panorámica .{Es} * see widescreen .{E}.<br />
papel .{Es} * see character .{E}.<br />
papel (emulsionado) sensible a la luz .{Es} * see sensitive<br />
paper .{E}.<br />
papel al bromuro .{Es} * see bromide paper .{E}.<br />
papel cristal .{Es} * see glassine .{E}.<br />
papel de color azul claro .{Es} * see blues .{E}.<br />
papel de contac<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see contact paper .{E}.<br />
papel durable .{Es} * see permanent paper .{E}.<br />
papel emulsionado .{Es} * see prepared paper support;<br />
sensitized paper .{E}.<br />
papel fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico .{Es} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper .{E}.<br />
papel fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico para hacer ampliaciones .{Es} * see<br />
enlarging paper .{E}.<br />
papel fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico para revelado direc<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see<br />
developing-out-paper (DOP) .{E}.<br />
papel kraft .{Es} * see kraft paper .{E}.<br />
papel permanente .{Es} * see permanent paper .{E}.<br />
papel solarizado .{Es} * see printing-out-paper (POP) .{E}.<br />
papeleta de pedido .{Es} * see production ticket .{E}.<br />
paper marks .{E} * Marks <strong>of</strong> thread or paper which are put<br />
on<strong>to</strong> a film <strong>to</strong> be copied <strong>to</strong> indicate <strong>the</strong> section <strong>to</strong> be<br />
duplicated; also known as paper-up.(06.) .{D=<br />
Absteckmarken; Es= 1) referencias (con tiras de papel) de<br />
secuencias; 2) filigranas; marcas; F= repères de<br />
sequences}.<br />
paper support .{E} * A layer <strong>of</strong> paper on<strong>to</strong> which a lightsensitive<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsion is coated.(42.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= soporte de papel; F= support papier}.<br />
paper-up .{E} * see paper marks .{E}.<br />
papier à développement direct .{F}. see developing-outpaper<br />
(DOP) .{E}.
papier au bromure .{F} * see bromide paper .{E}.<br />
papier contact .{F} * see contact paper .{E}.<br />
papier d'impression .{F} * see printing-out-paper (POP)<br />
.{E}.<br />
papier kraft .{F} * see kraft paper .{E}.<br />
papier permanent .{F} * see permanent paper .{E}.<br />
papier pho<strong>to</strong>graphique .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper .{E}.<br />
papier sensibilisé .{F} * see sensitized paper .{E}.<br />
papier sensible .{F} * see sensitive paper .{E}.<br />
Papierkopie .{D} * see hardcopy .{E}.<br />
papillottement .{F} * see flicker; flickering .{E}.<br />
paquete .{Es} * see pack .{E}.<br />
para de empalmar .{Es} * see splicer .{E}.<br />
para sacar copias .{Es} * see duping material .{E}.<br />
para televisión .{Es} * see tv mask .{E}.<br />
para usuario .{Es} * see user bits .{E}.<br />
parada .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p .{D;E}.<br />
parada de imagen .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p frame .{E}.<br />
parada t .{Es} * see t-s<strong>to</strong>p .{E}.<br />
parafinado del borde .{Es} * see edge waxing .{E}.<br />
paraguas (iluminación) .{Es} * see umbrella .{E}.<br />
paralaje .{Es} * see parallax .{E}.<br />
paralelo .{Es} * see parallel .{E}.<br />
paralización .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p .{D;E}.<br />
parallax .{E} * 1) In video and pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, an apparent<br />
change in relative position or shape <strong>of</strong> an object being<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed resulting from a change in viewing angle.<br />
This phenomenon occurs in cameras where <strong>the</strong> view finder<br />
does not focus through <strong>the</strong> lens.(01.) 2) An introduction <strong>of</strong><br />
an apparent shift in position or shape <strong>of</strong> an object when<br />
viewing it on an oscilloscope, waveform moni<strong>to</strong>r,<br />
vec<strong>to</strong>rscope, or o<strong>the</strong>r video display devise through an<br />
attached graticule. .{D= Parallaxe; Es= paralaje;<br />
compensación de paralelaje; F= parallaxe}.<br />
parallaxe .{F} * see parallax .{E}.<br />
Parallaxe .{D} * see parallax .{E}.<br />
parallel .{E} * 1) Two or more comp-ence <strong>of</strong> bits in a data<br />
word on multiple conduc<strong>to</strong>rs.39. .{D= ?; Es= paralelo; F=<br />
parallèle}.<br />
parallel action .{E} * A device <strong>of</strong> narrative in which two<br />
scenes are seen in parallel by cross-cutting.30. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= escenas en paralelo; F= scènes en parallèle}.<br />
parallel edition statement .{E} * 1) The edition statement in<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r language and/or script. 2) Any edition statement<br />
additional <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first, corresponding <strong>to</strong> a parallel title.(12.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= edición (de la exposición) en paralelo; F=<br />
édition parallèle}.<br />
parallel series title .{E} * 1) The title <strong>of</strong> a series in ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
language and/or script. 2) Any series title qualifying as an<br />
165<br />
original series title but which is not chosen for inclusion as<br />
<strong>the</strong> first named title (o<strong>the</strong>r than variant forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same<br />
title) and reissue/rerelease series titles appearing on <strong>the</strong><br />
item described.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= subtítulo (de la serie); F=<br />
titre traduit de série}.<br />
parallel title .{E} * 1) The title proper in ano<strong>the</strong>r language<br />
and/or script. 2) Any title qualifying as an original tdant<br />
error detection method in which <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> binary<br />
'1's (or 'O's) is always even or odd.(39.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
paridad; F= parité}.<br />
paroi .{F} * see flat .{E}.<br />
parpadeo .{Es} * see flicker; flickering .{E}.<br />
part title .{E} * The title <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subordinate units in<strong>to</strong><br />
which an item has been divided; see also episode title.12.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= título parcial (título de un episodio o capítulo);<br />
F= titre d'un épisode}.<br />
parte .{Es} * see character .{E}.<br />
partición .{Es} * see partition; separation .{E}.<br />
particle orientation .{E} * In magnetic manufacturer, <strong>the</strong><br />
process by which acicular particles are rotated so that <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
longest dimensions tend <strong>to</strong> lie parallel <strong>to</strong> one ano<strong>the</strong>r. .{D=<br />
?; Es= orientación de las partículas; F= orientation des<br />
particules}.<br />
particle size .{E} * The physical dimensions <strong>of</strong> magnetic<br />
particles used in a magnetic tape.46. .{D= Partikelgröße;<br />
Es= tamaño de las partículas (de óxido); F= taille des<br />
particules}.<br />
partícula (ferromagnética) de dominio único .{Es} * see<br />
single domain particle .{E}.<br />
partículas magnéticas .{Es} * see magnetic particles .{E}.<br />
particule monodomaine .{F} * see single domain particle<br />
.{E}.<br />
particules magnétiques .{F} * see magnetic particles .{E}.<br />
partie visible de l'image TV .{F} * see raster .{E}.<br />
Partikelgröße .{D} * see particle s-1-3 <strong>of</strong> NFPA 40.<br />
partition .{F} * see partition .{E}.<br />
pas de perforation .{F} * see pitch .{E}.<br />
pas de pistes des disques optiques .{F} * see pitch .{E}.<br />
pas des sillons .{F} * see pitch .{E}.<br />
pasadizo ocul<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see crossover .{E}.<br />
pasarela .{Es} * see bridge (1) .{E}.<br />
pase previo .{Es} * see preview .{E}.<br />
pase volante .{Es} * see crossover .{E}.<br />
pasillo lateral .{Es} * see aisle .{E}.<br />
paso .{Es} * see feed through; land; pitch. .{E}.<br />
paso o empalme au<strong>to</strong>mático .{Es} * see change-over .{E}.<br />
Passage .{D} * see change-over .{E}.<br />
passe-par<strong>to</strong>ut .{Es} * see mat (matte) (2) .{E}.<br />
passerelle .{F} * see bridge .{E}.
paste .{E} * A s<strong>of</strong>t, plastic adhesive composition with semisolid<br />
consistency, usually water dispersible. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
engrudo; F= colle}.<br />
pastel (craie) .{F} * see chalk drawing .{E}.<br />
patch .{F} * see patch cord .{E}.<br />
patch cord .{E} * 1) A short cord, or cable, with a plug on<br />
both ends (or with a pair <strong>of</strong> clips on one or both ends) for<br />
conveniently connecting <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r two pieces <strong>of</strong> sound<br />
equipment such as a phonograph and tape recorder, an<br />
amplifier and speaker, etc. Not used for 117 volt current;<br />
sometimes called an 'attachment cord'. 16. 2) 2) A short<br />
cable with a plug on each end for conveniently connecting<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r two pieces <strong>of</strong> video equipment such as cameras,<br />
amplifiers, and videotape recorders. The patch cord plug<br />
is <strong>the</strong> male connection which mates with its female<br />
counterpart (patch jack) in a patch panel which is part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
patch field. .{D= ?; Es= cordón de conmutación [de<br />
transformación, de interconexión, de extensión y<br />
empalme]; F= patch; cordon de raccordement}.<br />
patch field .{E} * A grouping <strong>of</strong> two or more patch panels<br />
and is used for <strong>the</strong> interconnection <strong>of</strong> audio or video<br />
equipment. The connections are made through <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong><br />
patch cords which plug in<strong>to</strong> patch jacks that are mounted<br />
in <strong>the</strong> patch panels. .{D= ?; Es= campo de conmutación;<br />
F= module de patch}.<br />
patch jack .{E} * The female connection which provides <strong>the</strong><br />
equipment interconnections <strong>to</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong> electronic<br />
equipment through a male patch plug. .{D= ?; Es= jack de<br />
interconexión (de circui<strong>to</strong>s); F= connecteur femelle}.<br />
patch panel .{E} * A single row <strong>of</strong> patch jacks which is used<br />
<strong>to</strong> provide interconnections between two pieces <strong>of</strong><br />
electronic equipment through a patch cord. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
panel de conmutaciones; F= tableau de raccordement}.<br />
patrón de luz .{Es} * see illuminant .{E;F}.<br />
pattern sensitivity .{E} * A magnetic recorder's inability <strong>to</strong><br />
reproduce certain data system combinations (patterns).46.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= norma [pauta] de sensibilidad; F= enregistreur<br />
magnétique incompatible}.<br />
pausa .{Es} * see pause .{D;E}.<br />
pause .{D;E;F} * To s<strong>to</strong>p <strong>the</strong> motion <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
momentarily.(35.) .{F= ?; Es= pausa}.<br />
pause control .{E} * Feature <strong>of</strong> some tape recorders<br />
making it possible <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
temporarily without switching <strong>the</strong> machine from 'play' or<br />
'record' positions. Essential for a tape recorder used for<br />
dictation or transcription purposes and generally helpful for<br />
editing purposes.16. .{D= Pausetaste; Es= control de<br />
pausa; F= <strong>to</strong>uche pause}.<br />
Pausetaste .{D} * see pause control .{E}.<br />
pauta de sensibilidad .{Es} * see pattern sensitivity .{E}.<br />
pavillon de phonographe .{F} * see horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
PCM .{E} * acronym for pulse code modula-tion.<br />
PCP .{E} * acronym for pentachlorphenol.<br />
peak .{E} * The maximum instantaneous volume <strong>of</strong> a<br />
quantity such as sound, but most frequently as electrical<br />
voltage or power.16. .{D= Spitze; Es= pico; cresta; valor de<br />
cresta; F= pic; crête}.<br />
peak density .{E} * see colour correction.<br />
166<br />
peak programme meter (PPM) .{E} * Meter <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r <strong>the</strong><br />
level <strong>of</strong> tape modulation; see also V/U-meter;<br />
overmodulation; undermodulation. .{D=<br />
Spitzenwertanzeiger; Es= voltímetro de cresta; F=<br />
modulateur de crête}.<br />
peak white .{E} * The maximum white level <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
signal. .{D= ?; Es= cresta del blanco; F= blanc maximal;<br />
crête de blanc}.<br />
pédale .{F} * see foot switch .{E}.<br />
pedestal .{E;Es} * The black level <strong>of</strong> a video signal; also<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> as set-up. .{D= ?; Es= base; F= niveau du noir<br />
(signal vidéo)}.<br />
peeling .{E} * Commonly used term referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
separation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating layer <strong>of</strong> a laminated medium from<br />
its base or core. It is used interchangeably with flaking,<br />
although <strong>the</strong> latter usually implies more limited or local<br />
deterioration.(04.) .{D= Schichtablösung; Es= defec<strong>to</strong> de<br />
adherencia; descascarillado; peladura del revestimien<strong>to</strong>;<br />
F= écaillement; épluchage}.<br />
pegado del cabezal .{Es} * see head stick .{E}.<br />
pegamien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see blocking .{E}.<br />
Pegel .{D} * see level .{E}.<br />
peladura del revestimien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see peeling .{E}.<br />
peldaño .{Es} * see stair step .{E}.<br />
película .{Es} * see film .{D;E;F}; picture (pic; pix); motion<br />
pictures.{E}.<br />
película al cloruro .{Es} * see chloride film .{E}.<br />
película base .{Es} see feature .{E}.<br />
película bicapa .{Es} * see bipack .{E}.<br />
película cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica .{Es} * see motion pictures .{E}.<br />
película con recubrimien<strong>to</strong> de poliéster .{Es} * see<br />
stamping foil .{E}.<br />
película de (calidad de) archivo .{Es} * see archival film<br />
.{E}.<br />
película de aceta<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see acetate film .{E}.<br />
película de actualidades .{Es} * see news film .{E}.<br />
película de alta velocidad .{Es} * see high-speed film .{E}.<br />
película de bromuro .{Es} * see bromide film .{E}.<br />
película de cine .{Es} * see motion pictures .{E}.<br />
película de conservación a cor<strong>to</strong> plazo .{Es} * see shortterm<br />
film .{E}.<br />
película de conservación a largo plazo .{Es} * see longterm<br />
film .{E}.<br />
película de conservación a medio plazo .{Es} * see<br />
medium-term film .{E}.<br />
película de contenido erótico .{Es} * see s<strong>of</strong>t core material<br />
(2) .{E}.<br />
película de dos capas .{Es} * see bipack .{E}.<br />
película de explotación .{Es} * see exploitation film .{E}.<br />
película de imagen directa .{Es} * see direct image film
.{E}.<br />
película de inversión .{Es} * see reversal film .{E}.<br />
película de inversión de imagen .{Es} * see image<br />
reversing film .{E}.<br />
película de labora<strong>to</strong>rio .{Es} * see labora<strong>to</strong>ry film .{E}.<br />
película de nitra<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.<br />
película de primera generación .{Es} * see first-generation<br />
film .{E}.<br />
película de prueba .{Es} * see test film .{E}.<br />
película de reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.<br />
película de sales de plata .{Es} * see silver film .{E}.<br />
película de seguridad .{Es} * see cellulose acetate (1, 2, 3)<br />
.{E}.<br />
película de seguridad (película ininflamable) .{Es} * see<br />
safety film .{E}.<br />
película de seguridad realizada con triaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa<br />
.{Es} * see cellulose triacetate (2)(3) .{E}.<br />
película de tiempo acelerado .{Es} * see time-lapse movie<br />
.{E}.<br />
película diazo .{Es} * see diazo film .{E}.<br />
película documental .{Es} * see documentary .{E}.<br />
película educativa .{Es} * see educational film/video .{E}.<br />
película educativa [didáctica] .{Es} * see educational<br />
film/video .{E}.<br />
película electrográfica .{Es} * see electropho<strong>to</strong>graphic film<br />
.{E}.<br />
película en blanco y negro .{Es} * see black and white film<br />
.{E}.<br />
película en episodios (por capítulos) .{Es} * see series (2)<br />
.{E}.<br />
película fija .{Es} * see filmstrip .{E}.<br />
película impresa .{Es} * see print film .{E}.<br />
película intermedia .{Es} * see intermediate film .{E}.<br />
película intermedio .{Es} * see intermediate film .{E}.<br />
película internegativa de inversión del color (CRI) .{Es} *<br />
see colour reversal intermediate-negative film (CRI) .{E}.<br />
película kinescópica .{Es} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.<br />
película negra .{Es} * see film noir .{E}.<br />
película pancromática .{Es} * see panchromatic film .{E}.<br />
película para cámara .{Es} * see camera film .{E}.<br />
película procesada .{Es} * see processed film .{E}.<br />
película vesicular .{Es} * see vesicular film .{E}.<br />
película virgen .{Es} * see blank (1) .{E}.<br />
pélicula de reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.<br />
películas (jerga) .{Es} * see celluloid (1, 2) .{E;F}.<br />
167<br />
películas de serie B .{Es} * see b picture .{E}.<br />
películas no convencionales .{Es} * see underground films<br />
.{E}.<br />
películas underground .{Es} * see underground films .{E}.<br />
pellicule inversible .{F} * see reversal film .{E}.<br />
pellicule monochrome .{F} * see black and white film .{E}.<br />
pellicule sensible .{F} * see high-speed film .{E}.<br />
pellicule vierge .{F} * see films<strong>to</strong>ck; raw s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E}.<br />
Pellon .{D;E;Es;F} * A type <strong>of</strong> polyester, non-woven,<br />
long-fibre fabrics which will not stick <strong>to</strong> most adhesives.<br />
Used 1) for interleaving between newly mended or<br />
repaired materials so <strong>the</strong>y will not stick <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r while<br />
adhesive or paste is drying; 2) as a barrier between heatset<br />
tissue and <strong>the</strong> tacking iron; and 3) as a cleaning/buffing<br />
material for magnetic tape; see also polyester web.<br />
pense-bête .{F} * see cue card .{E}.<br />
penta-chlorophénol .{F} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP)<br />
.{E}.<br />
penta-chlorophénol .{F} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP)<br />
.{E}.<br />
penta-chlorphenol (PCP) .{E} * A crystalline compound<br />
produced by <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> hexachlorobenzene with<br />
sodium hydrox-ide, or <strong>of</strong> chlorine with phenol, and used, in<br />
concentrations <strong>of</strong> 0.1 percent, as a fungicide, applicable<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution. Being a<br />
highly chlorinated substance, it must be used in <strong>the</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> sufficient alkali <strong>to</strong> compensate for <strong>the</strong><br />
probable liberation <strong>of</strong> hydrochloric acid, or in such small<br />
quantities, i.e., less than 0.1 percent, so as not <strong>to</strong><br />
endanger <strong>the</strong> paper severely even if it does decompose<br />
slightly. To avoid <strong>the</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> acidity, pcp is sometimes<br />
used as <strong>the</strong> sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate,<br />
which is less likely <strong>to</strong> produce difficulty because <strong>of</strong> acidity.<br />
Pcp is colourless and is not likely <strong>to</strong> produce an<br />
appreciable order.(45.) .{D= ?; Es= penta-clor<strong>of</strong>enol; F=<br />
penta-chlorophénol}.<br />
penta-clor<strong>of</strong>enol .{Es} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP) .{E}.<br />
perche .{F} * see boom .{E}.<br />
pérdida (de señal) por separación entre la cabeza y la<br />
cinta (en registros magnéticos) .{Es} * see separation loss<br />
.{E}.<br />
pérdida de bits .{Es} * see burst error .{D;E}.<br />
pérdida de generación .{Es} * see generation loss .{E}.<br />
pérdida de sincronización .{Es} * see break up .{E}.<br />
pérdida de sonidos .{Es} * see clipping (4) .{E}.<br />
père .{F} * see fa<strong>the</strong>r; metal master .{E}.<br />
perforación .{Es} * see film perforation .{E}.<br />
perforación de la película con la banda sonora .{Es} * see<br />
blooping hole .{E}.<br />
perforaciones .{Es} * see film perforation .{E}.<br />
perforaciones Bell & Howell .{Es} * see Bell & Howell<br />
perforation .{E}.<br />
perforaciónes en la película .{Es} * see film perforation<br />
.{E}.
perforador .{Es} * see punch .{E}.<br />
perforated disc .{E} * A punched disc, usually made <strong>of</strong><br />
metal, made <strong>to</strong> be played by a mechanical music box. As<br />
<strong>the</strong> disc revolves <strong>the</strong> various holes activate a tuned<br />
comblike instrument which reproduces <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
melody <strong>the</strong> disc has been punched <strong>to</strong> play. Deluxe<br />
machines from such companies as <strong>the</strong> Regina Music Box<br />
Co. had influence on <strong>the</strong> design or phonograph and<br />
gramophone consoles.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= disco perforado;<br />
F= disque perforé; enregistrement perforé}.<br />
perforateur .{F} * see punch .{E}.<br />
perforation .{F} * see film perforation .{E}.<br />
Perforation .{D} * see film perforation .{E}.<br />
perforations .{E} * see film perforation .{E}.<br />
perforations Bell & Howell) .{F} * see Bell & Howell<br />
perforation .{E}.<br />
périphérie .{F} * see edge .{E}.<br />
périphérique .{F} * see peripheral .{E}.<br />
perlada .{Es} * see beaded screen .{E}.<br />
permanence .{E;F} * The unquantifiable ability <strong>of</strong> a given<br />
item or material <strong>to</strong> resist chemical deterioration; usually<br />
refers <strong>to</strong> specific or implied qualities. As with all o<strong>the</strong>rs, socalled<br />
permanent materials depend for <strong>the</strong>ir longevity upon<br />
parameters built in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> item when it is manufactured and<br />
proper s<strong>to</strong>rage and handling conditions. .{D= Haltbarkeit;<br />
Es= permanencia}.<br />
permanence archivistique .{F} * see archival permanence<br />
.{E}.<br />
permanencia .{Es} * see permanence .{E;F}.<br />
permanencia (calidad de los materiales de archivo) .{Es}<br />
* see archival permanence .{E}.<br />
permanent elongation .{E} * The percentage <strong>of</strong> stretch<br />
remaining in a tape or length <strong>of</strong> base film after a given load<br />
applied for a given time has been removed.(46.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= alargamien<strong>to</strong> permanente; F= allongement résiduel}.<br />
permanent paper .{E} * Paper with neutral or slightly<br />
alkaline pH value which does not show degradation over<br />
long periods <strong>of</strong> time.22. .{D= Holzfreies Papier;<br />
Dokumentenpapier; Es= papel permanente; papel durable;<br />
F= papier non acide; papier permanent}.<br />
permuta .{Es} * see interchange .{E}.<br />
perseguir .{Es} * see chase .{E}.<br />
persistence des images .{F} * see persistence <strong>of</strong> vision<br />
.{E}.<br />
persistence <strong>of</strong> vision .{E} * 1) The time-lag effect between<br />
momentary visual stimulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye and cessation <strong>of</strong><br />
response <strong>to</strong> that stimula-tion. For any intermittently<br />
illuminated source <strong>the</strong>re is a critical frequency (which<br />
depends upon <strong>the</strong> brightness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source) above which<br />
<strong>the</strong> average eye can detect no sensation <strong>of</strong> flicker.09. 2)<br />
That physiological phenomenon which makes cinema<br />
possible: an image is retained on <strong>the</strong> retina for a short<br />
period so that, if ano<strong>the</strong>r image takes its place soon<br />
enough, <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> motion is created.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
persistencia visual; persistencia de las imágenes (en la<br />
retina); F= persistence rétinienne; persistence des<br />
images}.<br />
persistence rétinienne .{F} * see persistence <strong>of</strong> vision .{E}.<br />
168<br />
persistencia .{Es} * see retentivity .{E}.<br />
persistencia de las imágenes (en la retina) .{Es} * see<br />
persistence <strong>of</strong> vision .{E}.<br />
persistencia visual .{Es} * see persistence <strong>of</strong> vision .{E}.<br />
personal record .{E} * Moving-image materials <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
<strong>of</strong> which is normally personal events, usually filmed or<br />
recorded by an amateur. Home movies may be personal<br />
records; see also domestic records.12. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
grabación particular; F= enregistrement personnel;<br />
domestique}.<br />
personnage .{F} * see character .{E}.<br />
perte .{F} * see shedding .{E}.<br />
perte (de niveau) par écartement .{F} * see separation loss<br />
.{E}.<br />
perte d'oxyde .{F} * see oxide shedding .{E}.<br />
perte de contact .{F} * see out <strong>of</strong> contact .{E}.<br />
perte de débris .{F} * see loose pack; loose debris .{E}.<br />
perte de signal .{F} * see dropout .{E}.<br />
perte de signal .{F}. see dropout .{E}.<br />
perte de synchronisation .{F} * see break up .{E}.<br />
perte par duplication .{F} * see generation loss .{E}.<br />
pértiga .{Es} * see boom .{E}.<br />
perturbación procedente de un circui<strong>to</strong> o sistema próximo<br />
.{Es} * see pickup (1, 2) .{E}.<br />
pestaña del carrete .{Es} * see reel flange .{E}.<br />
pet .{E} * see polyester.<br />
pétard .{F} * see squib .{E}.<br />
petit chariot-grue .{F} * see dolly .{E}.<br />
petit projecteur .{F} * see baby spot .{E}.<br />
petit projecteur pour les yeux .{F} * see eye light .{E}.<br />
petit rôle .{F} * see bit .{E}.<br />
pf .{E} * abbreviation for portfolio.<br />
pfeifen .{D} * see squeal .{E}.<br />
pH .{D;E;Es;F} * Chemical abbreviation for hydrogen-ion<br />
concentration; a measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong> hydrogen<br />
ions in a solution. The pH scale runs from 0 <strong>to</strong> 14, and<br />
each number indicates a ten-fold differential. Seven is pH<br />
neutral; numbers below 7.0 indicate increasing Acidity,<br />
with 1.0 being <strong>the</strong> most acid. Numbers above 7.0 indicate<br />
increasing alkalinity, with 17.0 being most alkaline. Paper<br />
with a pH below 5.0 is considered highly acidic. Buffered<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage materials typically have a pH between 7.0 and<br />
46.0.17.<br />
pH neutre .{F} * see neutral pH .{E}.<br />
pH neutro .{Es} * see neutral pH .{E}.<br />
pH scale .{E} * see pH.<br />
pH value .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> acid<br />
content <strong>of</strong> paper, also referred <strong>to</strong> as hydrogen ion<br />
concentration. pH is expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> a logarithmic
scale from 0 <strong>to</strong> 14; <strong>the</strong> neutral point is 7.0, with values<br />
above 7.0 alkaline, values below, acid; see also pH.22.<br />
.{D= pH-Wert; Es= valor pH; F= valeur pH; acidité pH}.<br />
pH-Wert .{D} * see pH value .{E}.<br />
phase change medium .{E} * An optical s<strong>to</strong>rage method<br />
used in both write-once and erasable optical media in<br />
which a change in reflec-tivity is used <strong>to</strong> encode data.(39.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= grado de la variación de la fase; grado de<br />
desfasamien<strong>to</strong>; F= système à changement de phase}.<br />
phase de la sous porteuse horizontale .{F} * see subcarrier<br />
horizontal phasing .{E}.<br />
phase différentielle .{F} * see differential phase .{E}.<br />
phase shift .{E} * A displacement in <strong>the</strong> time relationship<br />
between two signals, or two components in one signal.39.<br />
.{D= Phasenverschiebung; Es= desplazamien<strong>to</strong> [variación,<br />
cambio] de fase; F= déphasage; décalage de phase}.<br />
Phase Alteration Line colour system (PAL) .{E} * see PAL<br />
colour system.<br />
phased conservation .{E} * A concept developed at <strong>the</strong><br />
Library <strong>of</strong> Congress, originally conceived <strong>to</strong> meet <strong>the</strong> shortterm<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> items that would eventually be given full<br />
conservation treatment. Surveying is an important aspect<br />
<strong>of</strong> phased treatment: items are categorized by certain<br />
characteristics or conservation problems so that <strong>the</strong>y may<br />
later be retrieved for treatment.32. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
conservación por fases [etapas]; F= conservation légère}.<br />
Phasenverschiebung .{D} * see phase shift .{E}.<br />
phasing .{E} * In sound recording stereo applications, <strong>the</strong><br />
estab-lishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> correct relative polarity in <strong>the</strong><br />
connection between amplifier output and loud-speakers so<br />
that one speaker tends <strong>to</strong> reinforce ra<strong>the</strong>r than cancel <strong>the</strong><br />
output <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r (particularly evident at low<br />
frequencies).(16.) .{D= Polarität; Es= ajuste de fase;<br />
puesta en fase; F= mise en phase}.<br />
phénol ortho-phényl .{F} * see ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP)<br />
.{E}.<br />
phone plug .{E} * A common circuit connec<strong>to</strong>r popularly<br />
used on home audiovisual equipment. A common audio<br />
connec<strong>to</strong>r used with a phone jack; also known as RCA<br />
plug; telephone plug. .{D= Klinkenstecker; Es= clavija para<br />
auriculares (tipo telefónico); F= connecteur phono;<br />
connecteur RCA}.<br />
phonet .{E} * see phonograph.<br />
phonodisc .{E} * see audiodisc.<br />
phonogram .{E} * An obsolete term for a phonograph<br />
recording; see also phonograph. .{D= Schalaufnahme;<br />
Tonaufnahme; Phonogramm; Es= telegrama por teléfono;<br />
F= phonogramme}.<br />
Phonogramm .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.<br />
phonogramme .{F} * see phonogram .{E}.<br />
phonograph .{E} * 1) Derived from two Greek words: phone<br />
= voice/sound, and graphos = writer/written. The term was<br />
first used in 1835 in <strong>the</strong> short-hand sense; <strong>the</strong>n by <strong>the</strong><br />
American F.B. Fenby in an 1863 patent for electrical<br />
recording and reproduction <strong>of</strong> sound; Edison used <strong>the</strong><br />
word for his first recording/reproducing machine <strong>of</strong> 1877<br />
(although he uses <strong>the</strong> word in his British patent <strong>of</strong> 1878 <strong>to</strong><br />
describe <strong>the</strong> recording instrument as well as <strong>the</strong> whole<br />
machine; <strong>the</strong> reproducing instrument was a phonet; <strong>the</strong><br />
record a phonogram). 2) In general American terms, any<br />
machine reproducing sounds from indented, incised or<br />
169<br />
engraved cylinder or disc records. 3) In general European<br />
terms, a machine reproducing sounds only from cylinder<br />
records.(04.14.) also known as phonogram. .{D=<br />
Phonograph; Es= gramófono; fonógrafo; F= phonographe<br />
(US); gramophone (GB)}.<br />
phonograph record .{E} * see audiodisc.<br />
Phonograph .{D} * see phonograph .{E}.<br />
phonograph-cut records .{E} * see lateral cut.<br />
phonographe .{F} * see gramophone .{E}.<br />
phonographe (US) .{F} * see phonograph .{E}.<br />
phonographe/gramophone à pavillon interne .{F} * see<br />
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
phonorecord .{E} * see audiodisc.<br />
phonotape .{E} * A sound recording on magnetic tape; also<br />
called audio tape or sound tape.(22.) .{D= Tonband; Es=<br />
banda sonora; F= bande son; bande sonore}.<br />
Phonovision .{D;E;Es;F} * A device developed by John<br />
Logie Baird <strong>to</strong> capture and s<strong>to</strong>re a video signal on a disc.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>-polymerization (2P) .{E} * An alternative CD<br />
manufacturing method.39. .{D= ?; Es= fo<strong>to</strong> polimerización<br />
(2P); F= pho<strong>to</strong>polymérisation}.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>-Zelle .{D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>cell .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>cell .{E} * Device for converting variations <strong>of</strong> light<br />
intensity in<strong>to</strong> electrical signals; also called a pho<strong>to</strong>electric<br />
cell. .{D= Pho<strong>to</strong>-Zelle; Es= célula fo<strong>to</strong>eléctrica; F= cellule<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>électrique}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>conducteur .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>conductive s<strong>to</strong>rage tube<br />
.{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>copie .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>copy .{E} * A generic term applied <strong>to</strong> copies<br />
produced pho<strong>to</strong>graphically directly on film or paper. The<br />
copies are usually about <strong>the</strong> same size as <strong>the</strong> original,<br />
thus <strong>the</strong> term does not normally include microimages.<br />
Synonymous with pho<strong>to</strong>duplication, pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
reproduction, pho<strong>to</strong>reproduction; see also reprography.01.<br />
(22.) .{D= Fo<strong>to</strong>kopie; Pho<strong>to</strong>kopie; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>copia; F=<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>copie}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>diode .{D;E;F} * A semi-conduc<strong>to</strong>r device which<br />
generates an electrical current in proportion <strong>to</strong> re-ceived<br />
illumination. 39. .{Es= fo<strong>to</strong>diódo}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>diode à quadrants .{F} * see four quadrant<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>diode .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>duplication .{E} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>electric .{E} * The property which various substances<br />
have <strong>of</strong> creating an electrical potential when <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
excited by light.(10.) .{D= pho<strong>to</strong>elektrisch; Es=<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>eléctrico; F= pho<strong>to</strong>électrique}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>électrique .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>electric .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>elektrisch .{D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>electric .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film .{E} * see film.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper .{E} * An opaque paper base, coated<br />
on one side (simplex paper) or both sides (duplex paper)<br />
with a light-sensitive emulsion on which images can be<br />
recorded by exposure and subsequent processing.<br />
Processed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper may have positive or
negative images, may be ei<strong>the</strong>r black and white or colour,<br />
and is supplied in a number <strong>of</strong> sizes and types, which<br />
include hard, negative, normal, projection, s<strong>of</strong>t, and<br />
contrast paper.01. .{D= ?; Es= papel fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= papier<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic records/archives .{E} * A collection or<br />
accumulation <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, including negatives and<br />
prints <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with related textual records/archives.22.<br />
.{D= Fo<strong>to</strong>archiv/e; Es= archivo fo<strong>to</strong>gráfico; F= archive<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphique}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic reproduction .{E} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic soundtrack .{E} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphie .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graph .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphie à la lumière naturelle .{F} * see availablelight<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphie aérienne .{F} * see aerial pho<strong>to</strong>graph .{E}.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphie .{D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>graph .{E}.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>kopie .{D} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>meter .{E} * 1) An instrument that measures luminous<br />
intensity or brightness, luminous flux, light distribution,<br />
colour, etc. usually by comparing <strong>the</strong> light emitted by two<br />
sources, one source having certain specified standard<br />
characteristics.41. 2) The measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong><br />
light or <strong>of</strong> relative illuminating power.41. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
fotómetro; F= pho<strong>to</strong>mètre}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>mètre .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>meter .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>metry .{E} * The measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> light<br />
or <strong>of</strong> relative illuminating power.41. .{D= ?; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>metría;<br />
F= pho<strong>to</strong>mètrie}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>polymérisation .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>-polymerization (2P)<br />
.{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>reproduction .{E} * see pho<strong>to</strong>copy.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>resist .{E;F} * A substance which becomes soluble<br />
(or insoluble) when exposed <strong>to</strong> light. Used in CD glass disc<br />
mastering.39. .{D= ?; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>resistente}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>sensible .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive .{E}.<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive .{E} * The characteristic <strong>of</strong> an electronic<br />
device which converts an optical image which is focused<br />
upon it in<strong>to</strong> an electrical signal representing <strong>the</strong> same<br />
image. .{D= ?; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>sensible; F= pho<strong>to</strong>sensible;<br />
sensible à la lumière}.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>stat .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A trade name <strong>of</strong> a machine for<br />
reproducing pho<strong>to</strong>graphically pages <strong>of</strong> printed, drawn or<br />
written matter on sensitized paper without films or plates.<br />
2) An optical, right-reading copy made by such a<br />
machine.19.<br />
physical carrier .{E} * The bodily form in which data, sound,<br />
images, etc., are s<strong>to</strong>red. For certain categories <strong>of</strong> material<br />
<strong>the</strong> physical carrier consists <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>rage medium (e.g.,<br />
tape, film) sometimes encased in a plastic, metal, etc.,<br />
housing (e.g., cassette, cartridge) that is an integral part <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> item; see also container.(03.) .{D= ?; Es= soporte<br />
físico; F= support physique}.<br />
physical description .{E} * A set <strong>of</strong> physical data recording<br />
and characterizing a sound recording or moving-image<br />
work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= descripción física; F= description<br />
physique}.<br />
physical recording density .{E} * In magnetic tape<br />
170<br />
recording, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> recorded flux reveals per unit<br />
length <strong>of</strong> track (frpi).46. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de grabación<br />
física; F= densité d'enregistrement physique}.<br />
physical thickness .{E} * The thickness as measured by<br />
physical means (e.g., micrometer, calipers, etc.). The<br />
physical thickness is considered <strong>the</strong> real or actual<br />
thickness <strong>of</strong> an item; see also thickness.48. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
espesor físico; F= épaisseur physique}.<br />
Pickett and Lemcoe .{D;E;Es;F} * The authors <strong>of</strong> an<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elements involved in <strong>the</strong> preservation and<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> sound recordings commissioned by <strong>the</strong> Library<br />
<strong>of</strong> Congress in <strong>the</strong> 1950s, published in 1959, and reprinted<br />
by <strong>the</strong> ARSC in 1992; generally recognized as being <strong>the</strong><br />
first such study carried out by impartial observers and <strong>the</strong><br />
basis <strong>of</strong> many, if not most, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound practices<br />
employed <strong>to</strong>day in sound archives. (Preservation and<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> sound recordings. Washing<strong>to</strong>n, D.C. ; Library <strong>of</strong><br />
Congress, 1959).<br />
pickup .{E;F} * 1) The sound received by a microphone. 2)<br />
The picture received by a film or video camera. 3)<br />
Additional music materials recorded after a moving-image<br />
production has been completed. 4) An electromechanical<br />
transducer used <strong>to</strong> convert <strong>the</strong> groove information <strong>of</strong> a<br />
mechanical recording in<strong>to</strong> an analogous electrical signal.<br />
There are piezoelectric (ceramic), electro-magnetic<br />
(moving magnet), and electro-dynamic (moving-coil)<br />
systems; see also cartridge. 5) Occasionally used <strong>to</strong> refer<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne arm containing <strong>the</strong> pickup or cartridge. 6) An<br />
electromechanical transducer used <strong>to</strong> convert <strong>the</strong><br />
information on an optical disc by means <strong>of</strong> a LASER beam<br />
in<strong>to</strong> equivalent electrical signals; see also optical pickup.<br />
.{D= 1 - 3) ?; 4 & 5) Tonabnehmersystem; Tonabnehmer;<br />
Es= 1) cap<strong>to</strong>r; (dispositivo) captador; 2) perturbación<br />
procedente de un circui<strong>to</strong> o sistema próximo; F= 1)<br />
enregistrement microphonique 2) enregistrement d'images<br />
cinéma<strong>to</strong>graphiques ou vidéo 3) post-production audio 4)<br />
cellule phonocaptrice 5) bras avec cellule 6)cellule de<br />
lecture laser}.<br />
pickup arm .{E} * The part <strong>of</strong> a reproducer which holds <strong>the</strong><br />
electromechanical transducer used <strong>to</strong> convert <strong>the</strong> groove<br />
information <strong>of</strong> a mechanical recording in<strong>to</strong> an analogous<br />
electrical signal. .{D= Tonarm; Es= brazo del fonocap<strong>to</strong>r<br />
[<strong>to</strong>cadiscos]; F= bras de lecture; bras de phonocapteur;<br />
bras de pickup}.<br />
pickup cartridge .{E} * The part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproducer which<br />
holds <strong>the</strong> electromechanical translating elements and <strong>the</strong><br />
reproducing stylus.(10.) .{D= Tonabnehmersystem;<br />
Tonabnehmer; Es= cápsula (del <strong>to</strong>cadiscos); F= cellule;<br />
tête de phonocapteur}.<br />
pickup felt .{E} * see felt.<br />
pickup tube .{E} * The light-sensitive part <strong>of</strong> a video<br />
camera that converts optical images in<strong>to</strong> electrical current<br />
or a charge-density image by scanning in order <strong>to</strong> provide<br />
an electric signal; see also cathode ray tube.(10.) .{D=<br />
Videoröhre; Es= tubo <strong>to</strong>mavistas (de cámara); tubo<br />
analizador (de televisión); F= analyseur; tube de caméra;<br />
tube de prise de vue}.<br />
pico .{Es} * see peak .{E}.<br />
pico .{F} * see pico- (p) .{D;E}.<br />
pico- (p) .{D;E;Es} * Prefix for one trillionth (10-12). .{F=<br />
pico}.<br />
picotazo de aguja .{Es} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.<br />
picture (pic; pix) .{E} * 1) A two-dimensional visual<br />
representation accessible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> naked eye and generally<br />
on an opaque backing. Used when a more specific term<br />
(e.g., art original, pho<strong>to</strong>graph, study print) is not
appropriate.03. 2) The motion picture industry. 3) A motion<br />
picture film. 4) The video portion <strong>of</strong> a video signal. 5) One<br />
frame <strong>of</strong> a motion picture film.(04.) .{D= Film; Bild; Es=<br />
filme; película; imágen; F= film; image}.<br />
picture element (PIXEL) .{E} * The smallest element <strong>of</strong> a<br />
display space that can be addressed, manipulated, or<br />
effectively reproduced; <strong>the</strong> smallest unit <strong>of</strong> raster<br />
graphics.(10.) .{D= Bildpunkt; Es= superficie elemental de<br />
imagen; pixel; F= point d'image; eldim; pixel}.<br />
picture negative .{E} * A negative upon which only <strong>the</strong><br />
picture has been recorded.(06.) .{D= Bild-Negativ; Negativ<br />
Bild; Es= negativo de imagen; imagen negativa; F= négatif<br />
image}.<br />
picture tube .{E} * A television receiver or moni<strong>to</strong>r cathode<br />
ray tube in which electrical signals are converted in<strong>to</strong><br />
picture information by a scanning beam traversing a<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive surface; also called a kinescope.(10.) .{D=<br />
Bildröhre; Es= cinescopio; tubo de imagen; válvula<br />
cinéscopica; F= tube image; tube écran; cinescope}.<br />
piece .{E} * see item.<br />
pièce .{F} * see item .{E}.<br />
pièce détachée .{F} * see component .{E}.<br />
pied (de la courbe caractéristique) .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>e .{E}.<br />
pieds/mètres linéaire .{F} * see linear feet/metres<br />
(LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.<br />
pieds par minute .{F} * see feet per minute (FPM) .{E}.<br />
pies .{Es} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.<br />
pies por minu<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see feet per minute (FPM) .{E}.<br />
pieza .{Es} * see item .{E}.<br />
pieza metálica en los cilindros desarrollados por Edison<br />
.{Es} * see cross-head .{E}.<br />
piezoelectric crystal .{E} * A quartz crystal or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
crystalline substance that generates a voltage when <strong>the</strong><br />
crystal is subjected <strong>to</strong> mechanical stress.10.<br />
piezoelectricidad .{Es} * see piezoelectricity .{E}.<br />
piezoélectricité .{F} * see piezoelectricity .{E}.<br />
piezoelectricity .{E} * Electricity or electric polarity due <strong>to</strong><br />
pressure especially in a crystalline substance, such as<br />
quartz. .{D= ?; Es= piezoelectricidad; F= piezoélectricité}.<br />
pigeon light .{E} * see eye light .{E}.<br />
pigment print .{E} * A print which is made up <strong>of</strong> a colloid<br />
relief image and which will not fade.42. .{D= ?; Es= copia<br />
coloide; F= cliché au colloïde}.<br />
Pigment .{D} * see oxide .{E}.<br />
pin .{E} * A component <strong>of</strong> a motion picture camera or<br />
printer mechanism that engages with a perfo-ration hole <strong>to</strong><br />
secure <strong>the</strong> film at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> exposure.09. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
conectador; espiga; alfiler (de contac<strong>to</strong>); vástago; F= griffe;<br />
ergot}.<br />
pin cushioning .{E} * A video aberration that causes <strong>the</strong><br />
picture <strong>to</strong> curve in along its sides. Named after <strong>the</strong> old<br />
style pin cushions used for holding pins for sewing. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión en cojín; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion en coussinet; en<br />
croissant}.<br />
pince pour le film .{F} * see flats .{E}.<br />
171<br />
pinch roller .{E} * On magnetic tape recording and some<br />
film <strong>to</strong> video transfer machines, a free turning wheel with<br />
a rubber surface which presses <strong>the</strong> tape firmly against <strong>the</strong><br />
capstan <strong>to</strong> ensure consistent tape motion; see also<br />
pressure roller.(04.) .{D= Andruckrolle; Es= rueda [rollo,<br />
bobina] de presión [pellizco]; F= galet presseur}.<br />
piqué de l'image .{F} * see sharpness .{E}.<br />
piracy .{E} * The unauthorized use <strong>of</strong> materials; <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
applied <strong>to</strong> copyright infringement; see also counterfeit;<br />
bootleg. .{D= Raubpressung; Piraterie; Es= piratería; F=<br />
piraterie}.<br />
piratería .{Es} * see piracy .{E}.<br />
piraterie .{F} * see piracy .{E}.<br />
Piraterie .{D} * see piracy .{E}.<br />
pisada .{Es} * see footprint .{E}.<br />
pista .{Es} * see track .{E}.<br />
pista de balance .{Es} * see balance stripe .{E}.<br />
pista de mezclas .{Es} * see scratch track .{E}.<br />
pista de ordenes .{Es} * see cue track .{E}.<br />
pista de sincronización .{Es} * see scratch track .{E}.<br />
pista de sonido .{Es} * see soundtrack .{E}.<br />
pista de sonido simple .{Es} * see single-system sound<br />
.{E}.<br />
pista dúplex .{Es} * see duplex track .{E}.<br />
pista en espiral .{Es} * see spiral track .{E}.<br />
pista magnética .{Es} * see magnetic track .{E}.<br />
pista oblicua .{Es} * see slant track .{E}.<br />
pista óptica .{Es} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.<br />
pista que señala pun<strong>to</strong>s editados .{Es} * see cue track .{E}.<br />
pista sencilla .{Es} * see single track .{E}.<br />
pista sonora de ruido .{Es} * see buzz track .{E}.<br />
pistage .{F} * see au<strong>to</strong> tracking .{E}.<br />
piste .{F} * see track .{E}.<br />
piste bidectionnelle .{F} * see duplex track .{E}.<br />
piste d'asservissement .{F} * see control track .{E}.<br />
piste d'essais de bruit .{F} * see buzz track .{E}.<br />
piste d'ordres .{F} * see cue track .{E}.<br />
piste d'ordres .{F}. see cue track .{E}.<br />
piste de compensation .{F} * see balance stripe .{E}.<br />
piste de localisation .{F} * see buzz track .{E}.<br />
piste de repérage des points d'édition .{F} * see cue track<br />
.{E}.<br />
piste de service de la bande master vidéo .{F} * see edit<br />
black .{E}.
piste de synchronisation .{F}. see cue track .{E}.<br />
piste longitudinale de codage temporel .{F} * see<br />
longitudinal time code (LTC) .{D;E}.<br />
piste magnétique .{F} * see magnetic track .{E}.<br />
piste optique .{F} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.<br />
piste pilote .{F} * see cue track .{E}.<br />
piste son .{F} * see soundtrack .{E}.<br />
piste son (magnétique ou optique) de la pellicule .{F} * see<br />
stripe .{E}.<br />
piste sonore à densité fixe .{F} * see bilateral soundtrack<br />
.{E}.<br />
piste sonore à densité fixe .{F} * see variable-area<br />
soundtrack .{E}.<br />
piste sonore à densité variable .{F} * see variable-density<br />
soundtrack .{E}.<br />
pis<strong>to</strong>la electrónica .{Es} * see electron gun .{E}.<br />
pit .{D;E;F} * 1) Commonly used defect term for sound<br />
recordings which is similar <strong>to</strong> 'dig' and gouge, although it<br />
might be a visible depression in <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recording that causes no break in <strong>the</strong> modulated groove<br />
and, hence, no sonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; see also chip; gouge. 2)<br />
The term used <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong> depressions in <strong>the</strong> surface<br />
<strong>of</strong> an optical disc which contain <strong>the</strong> digitally encoded<br />
programme material <strong>to</strong> be read by <strong>the</strong> tracking LASER<br />
beam in playback.(04.) .{F= microcuvette; fosse<br />
d'orchestre; Es= microsurco}.<br />
pivot .{F} * see spindle .{E}.<br />
pivote .{Es} * see spindle (2) .{E}.<br />
pix .{E} * abbreviation for pictures; <strong>the</strong> singular<br />
abbreviation is pic.<br />
pixel .{E} * abbreviation for picture element.<br />
pixel .{Es} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.<br />
pixel .{F} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.<br />
pixel depth .{E} * 1) The number <strong>of</strong> bits used by a<br />
computer <strong>to</strong> describe each pixel. 2) A measure <strong>of</strong> intensity<br />
<strong>of</strong> resolution.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= resolución de [en] pixel; F=<br />
résolution du pixel}.<br />
pixel manipulation .{E} * In CD-I, a technique used in<br />
decoding pic<strong>to</strong>rial information <strong>to</strong> make high resolution pixel<br />
information compatible with a lower resolution system.10.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= decodificación de pixel (CD); F= décodage de<br />
pixel : CD-I}.<br />
pixel pairing .{E} * The joining <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> two pixels <strong>to</strong><br />
make one byte; <strong>the</strong> pair are <strong>the</strong>n regarded for most<br />
purposes as a single unit.10. .{D= ?; Es= unión [empalme]<br />
de pixel; F= couplage de pixels}.<br />
pixel processor .{E} * A DVI video display mechanism that<br />
is designed <strong>to</strong> process 12.5 million instructions per<br />
second.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= procesador pixel; F= processeur<br />
de pixel (DVI)}.<br />
pixel repeat .{E} * A visual effect function that repeats pixel<br />
values from an image memory <strong>to</strong> produce horizontal<br />
magnification.10. .{D= ?; Es= repetición de pixel; F=<br />
répétition de pixel}.<br />
pixélisation .{F} * see pixillation .{E}.<br />
172<br />
pixillation .{E} * A technique <strong>of</strong> animation in which real<br />
people or events are pho<strong>to</strong>graphed in such a way that <strong>the</strong><br />
illusion <strong>of</strong> continuous, real movement is broken, ei<strong>the</strong>r by<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphing one frame at a time or later printing only<br />
selected frames from <strong>the</strong> continuously exposed<br />
negative.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= animación por pixel; F=<br />
pixélisation}.<br />
placa de cuar<strong>to</strong> de onda .{Es} * see quarter wave plate<br />
(QWP) .{E}.<br />
placa de la ventanilla .{Es} * see aperture plate .{E}.<br />
placa de la ventanilla (de proyección) .{Es} * see aperture<br />
plate .{E}.<br />
placa de montaje .{Es} * see mounting plate .{E}.<br />
placa de presión .{Es} * see pressure plate .{E}.<br />
placa ferrotipo .{Es} * see ferrotype plate .{E}.<br />
placa opaca .{Es} * see opaque support .{E}.<br />
plage .{F} * see track .{E}.<br />
plage accessible .{F} * see optical beam accessible zone<br />
.{E}.<br />
plage balayée .{F} * see raster .{E}.<br />
plage de lecture .{F} * see playing area .{E}.<br />
plage de pré-sillon .{F} * see rim .{D;E}.<br />
plages lumineuses .{F} * see highlights .{E}.<br />
Plakat .{D} * see poster .{E}.<br />
plan .{E;F} * A drawing showing relative positions on a<br />
horizontal plane (e.g., relative positions <strong>of</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> a<br />
building; a landscape design; <strong>the</strong> arrangement <strong>of</strong> furniture<br />
in a room or building; a graphic presentation <strong>of</strong> a military<br />
or naval plan).03. .{D= ?; Es= vista de plano}.<br />
plan .{F} * see shot; <strong>to</strong>p plate .{E}.<br />
plan américain .{F} * see two shot .{E}.<br />
plan avec maquette .{F} * see model shot .{E}.<br />
plan cache .{F} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plan d'archives .{F} * see library shot .{E}.<br />
plan d'urgence .{F} * see disaster control plan .{E}.<br />
plan de cinémathèque .{F} * see library shot .{E}.<br />
plan de coupe .{F} * see cut-away; reaction shot .{E}.<br />
plan de détail .{F} * see detail shot .{E}.<br />
plan de deux personnages .{F} * see two shot .{E}.<br />
plan de emergencia .{Es} * see disaster control plan .{E}.<br />
plan de montage (bloc de têtes) .{F} * see mounting plate<br />
.{E}.<br />
plan de réaction .{F} * see reaction shot .{E}.<br />
plan de référence .{F} * see reference plane .{E}.<br />
plan de situation .{F} * see establishing shot .{E}.<br />
plan de très grand ensemble .{F}. see extreme long shot<br />
.{E}.
plan dé<strong>to</strong>uré .{F} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plan focal .{F} * see focal plane .{E}.<br />
plan général .{F} * see establishing shot .{E}.<br />
plan grue .{F} * see crane shot .{E}.<br />
plan longue focale .{F} * see long shot .{E}.<br />
plan moyen .{F} * see medium shot; two shot .{E}.<br />
plan par-desus l'épaule .{F} * see over-<strong>the</strong>-shoulder shot<br />
.{E}.<br />
plan pris en mouvement .{F} * see tracking shot .{E}.<br />
plan reflétant le point de vue de l'acteur .{F} * see point <strong>of</strong><br />
view shot .{E}.<br />
plan séquence .{F} * see master shot; sequence shot .{E}.<br />
plan serré .{F} * see close-up .{E}.<br />
plan suivant le mouvement .{F} * see follow shot .{E}.<br />
plan travelling .{F} * see tracking shot .{E}.<br />
plan très lointain .{F} * see extreme long shot .{E}.<br />
plan-sequence .{E} * see sequence shot .{E}.<br />
planetary camera .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm camera so<br />
constructed that <strong>the</strong> original document and film are<br />
stationary and in parallel planes during exposure. The<br />
document is changed manually and <strong>the</strong> film au<strong>to</strong>matically<br />
advanced one frame after each exposure; also known as<br />
a flatbed camera; see also rotary camera, step-and-repeat<br />
camera.(40.22.) .{D= Schrittschaltkamera; Es= cámara<br />
planetaria; cámera esática; F= caméra statique; caméra<br />
pas à pas ?}.<br />
planification des classements .{F} * see classification<br />
.{E;F}.<br />
plano .{Es} * see flat .{E}; shot .{E}.<br />
plano americano .{Es} * see two shot .{E}.<br />
plano con catch .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plano con catch máscara .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plano con catch viñeta .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plano con dos ac<strong>to</strong>res, uno de ellos de espaldas a la<br />
cámara .{Es} * see over-<strong>the</strong>-shoulder shot .{E}.<br />
plano de corte .{Es} * see reaction shot .{E}.<br />
plano de enfoque .{Es} * see focus plane .{E}.<br />
plano de reacción .{Es} * see reaction shot .{E}.<br />
plano de referencia .{Es} * see reference plane .{E}.<br />
plano de un personaje u obje<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see single .{E}.<br />
plano desde abajo hacia arriba .{Es} * see tilt shot .{E}.<br />
plano en el que se recubre parte del fo<strong>to</strong>grama para<br />
realizar efec<strong>to</strong>s a posteriori .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.<br />
plano focal .{Es} * see focal plane .{E}.<br />
plano general .{Es} * see master shot .{E}.<br />
plano largo .{Es} * see long shot .{E}.<br />
173<br />
plano medio .{Es} * see medium shot .{E}.<br />
plano que refleja el pun<strong>to</strong> de visión del ac<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see<br />
point <strong>of</strong> view shot .{E}.<br />
plano secuencia .{Es} * see sequence shot .{E}.<br />
planos de recurso .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>ck shot .{E}.<br />
plaque de couloir .{F} * see apert<br />
plaque ferrotype .{F}. see ferrotype plate .{E}.<br />
plaque stéréoscopique .{F} * see stereoscopic slide .{E}.<br />
plastic .{E} * Any <strong>of</strong> various non-metallic compounds,<br />
syn<strong>the</strong>tically produced, which can be moulded and<br />
hardened. .{D= Kunstst<strong>of</strong>f; Plastik; Es= plástico; F=<br />
plastique; matière plastique}.<br />
plasticizer .{E} * An additive <strong>to</strong> materials which makes<br />
<strong>the</strong>m more pliable. Examples are camphor and cas<strong>to</strong>r oil.<br />
The loss <strong>of</strong> plasticizer can lead <strong>to</strong> shrinkage or hardening<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating, causing flaking and peeling.(04.) .{D=<br />
Weichmacher; Es= plastificante; F= ?}.<br />
plástico .{Es} * see plastic .{E}.<br />
plastifiant .{F} * see plasticizer .{E}.<br />
plastificante .{Es} * see plasticizer .{E}.<br />
Plastik .{D} * see plastic .{E}.<br />
plateau .{F} * see platter; set .{E}.<br />
platina (magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica) .{Es} * see tape deck .{E}.<br />
platina de montaje .{Es} * see mounting plate .{E}.<br />
platine .{F} * see tape deck .{E}.<br />
platine d'enregistrement .{F} * see tape deck .{E}.<br />
platine <strong>to</strong>urne disques .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>ne arm .{E}.<br />
platine <strong>to</strong>urne-disque .{F} * see turntable .{E}.<br />
pla<strong>to</strong> (giradiscos) .{Es} * see platter (2) .{E}.<br />
plató .{Es} * see set .{E}.<br />
Platte .{D} * see disc .{E}.<br />
Plattenspieler .{D} * see turntable .{E}.<br />
Plattentasche .{D} * see cover; slipcase .{E}.<br />
Plattenumschlag .{D} * see album .{E}.<br />
Plattenwechsler .{D} * see record changer .{E}.<br />
platter .{E} * 1) A slang term for a disc recording. 2) A thin,<br />
round plate used for holding a quantity <strong>of</strong> tape. 3) Part <strong>of</strong><br />
a disc record player where <strong>the</strong> disc is placed. .{D= 1) ?; 2)<br />
Bandteller; 3) Bandteller; Es= 1) disco (fonográfico); 2)<br />
pla<strong>to</strong> (giradiscos); F= disque (pop); plateau}.<br />
play back .{Es} * see playback head .{E}.<br />
play mode .{E} * The normal playback function <strong>of</strong> a<br />
magnetic tape recorded. .{D= ?; Es= modo de lectura; F=<br />
mode lecture }.<br />
play tension .{E} * The pressure applied <strong>to</strong> tape and film<br />
based materials in <strong>the</strong> play mode by <strong>the</strong> supply and takeup<br />
reel mo<strong>to</strong>rs that keeps <strong>the</strong> tape/film in proper alignment<br />
with <strong>the</strong> various components <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> playback system (i.e.,
<strong>the</strong> playback head/s). .{D= ?; Es= tensión en el modo de<br />
lectura; F= tension en mode lecture}.<br />
playback .{D;E;Es;F} * Reproduction <strong>of</strong> a pre-recorded<br />
signal.50. .{D= Wiedergaben; Es= reproduccion; lecture;<br />
présonorisation; pré-enregistrement}.<br />
playback head .{E} * A device on a magnetic tape recorder<br />
that senses previously recorded signals <strong>of</strong> a medium as it<br />
passes over. Coils in <strong>the</strong> head convert passing magnetic<br />
fields on <strong>the</strong> tape, sensed at <strong>the</strong> head gap, in<strong>to</strong> electronic<br />
signals for playback or reproduction.(04.) .{D=<br />
Wiedergabekopf; Lese-Kopf1; Hör-Kopf; Es= cabeza<br />
lec<strong>to</strong>ra (de reproducción); play back; F= tête de lecture}.<br />
playback mode .{E} * The identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equipment<br />
required <strong>to</strong> reproduce <strong>the</strong> images and/or sound recorded<br />
on<strong>to</strong> a carrier.(12.) .{D= Wiedergabe; Es= modo de<br />
lectura; F= mode lecture}.<br />
player .{E} * The mechanical and/or electrical device used<br />
<strong>to</strong> recover previously recorded data; generally associated<br />
with audio and video signals.(39.) .{D= Spieler;<br />
Wiedergabegerät; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r; lec<strong>to</strong>r; <strong>to</strong>cadiscos;<br />
<strong>to</strong>cacintas; F= lecteur; acteur; interprète; comédien}.<br />
player piano roll .{E} * see piano roll.<br />
playing area .{E} * On a given carrier, <strong>the</strong> area from <strong>the</strong><br />
position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded (modulated) region.(04.) .{D= Spielfläche; Es=<br />
espacio [zona] de grabación; zona de registro; F= plage de<br />
lecture}.<br />
pleine piste .{F} * see full track .{E}.<br />
pleines lumières .{F} * see highlights .{E}.<br />
pleurage .{F} * see flutter; wow .{E}.<br />
pleurage et scintillement .{F} * see wow and flutter .{E}.<br />
pliegue .{Es} * see crease (1) .{E}.<br />
plis .{F} * see crease .{E}.<br />
plissement (spires) .{F} * see cinching .{E}.<br />
plug .{E} * A circuit connec<strong>to</strong>r which is inserted in<strong>to</strong> a<br />
jack.16. .{D= Steckdose; Stecker; Es= macho; <strong>to</strong>ma de<br />
corriente; F= connecteur; prise; publicité clandestine}.<br />
pluie (dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de l'image) .{F} * see rain .{E}.<br />
plumbicon .{Es} * see Plumbicon .{E}.<br />
Plumbicon .{E;F} ** A pho<strong>to</strong>conductive video pickup tube<br />
which succeeded <strong>the</strong> image orthicon tube. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
plumbicon}.<br />
plumming .{E} * see bronzing.<br />
PNM .{E} * acronym for pulse number modulation.<br />
POC .{E} * acronym for products <strong>of</strong> combustion (i.e.,<br />
smoke, heat, etc.).<br />
pocédé inversible .{F} * see reversal process .{E}.<br />
poche .{E} * see pocket .{E}.<br />
pochette .{F} * see cover; enclosure; kit; sleeve .{E}.<br />
pochette de film .{F} * see film jacket .{E}.<br />
pochette micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{F} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm jacket .{E}.<br />
pochette. .{F} * see slitting; slipcase .{E}.<br />
174<br />
pocket .{E} * A wallet-like receptacle usually placed inside<br />
a cover <strong>of</strong> a container (i.e., a book, a record album) <strong>to</strong> hold<br />
loose related materials (i.e., diagrams, notes, libretti). .{D=<br />
?; Es= bolsillo; bolsa; receptáculo; F= poche}.<br />
poder de resolución .{Es} * see resolving power .{E}.<br />
poinçon .{F} * see punch .{E}.<br />
poinçon (pour négatif) .{F} * see bloop .{E}.<br />
poinçon sur le film son négatif anti bruit de collure .{F} *<br />
see blooping hole .{E}.<br />
poinçonneuse .{F} * see punch .{E}.<br />
point d'accès .{F} * see access point .{E}.<br />
point d'accès secondaire .{F} * see added entry .{E}.<br />
point d'image .{F} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.<br />
point de calage .{F} * see cue point .{E}.<br />
point de focalisation .{F} * see focus .{E}.<br />
point de montage .{F} * see cue point .{E}.<br />
point de rosée .{F}. see dew point .{E}.<br />
point nodal .{F} * see node .{E}.<br />
point <strong>of</strong> view shot .{E} * A moving-image shot which shows<br />
<strong>the</strong> scene from <strong>the</strong> point <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> character.30. .{D=<br />
?; Es= plano que refleja el pun<strong>to</strong> de visión del ac<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
plan reflétant le point de vue de l'acteur}.<br />
pointe de lecture .{F} * see stylus .{E}.<br />
pointe tronquée .{F} * see truncated stylus .{E}.<br />
polaridad .{Es} * see polarity .{E}.<br />
polarisation .{F} * see bias .{E}.<br />
polariseur .{F} * see PBS .{E}.<br />
polariseur .{F} * see polarization beam splitter (PBS) .{E}.<br />
Polarität .{D} * see phasing .{E}; polarity .{E}.<br />
polarité .{F} * see polarity .{E}.<br />
polarity .{E} * The characteristic <strong>of</strong> an image (moving or<br />
still) <strong>of</strong> being ei<strong>the</strong>r a positive or negative image; see also<br />
negative; positive. .{D= Polarität; Es= polaridad; F=<br />
polarité}.<br />
Polarización del Divisor de Haces (luminosos) .{Es} * see<br />
PBS .{E}.<br />
polarized glasses .{E} * A device used <strong>to</strong> view stereoscopic<br />
prints in which one lens is horizontally polarized, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r,<br />
vertically. .{D= ?; Es= critales polarizados; F= verres<br />
polarisants}.<br />
polarizing filter .{E} * A filter mounted on a lens that<br />
restricts light waves from entering from more than one<br />
angle.(10.) .{D= Polarizatroustfiler; Es= filtro polarizador;<br />
F= filtre polarisant}.<br />
polea guíapelícula .{Es} * see idler .{E}.<br />
policarbona<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see polycarbonate .{E}.<br />
police (caractères) .{F} * see font .{E}.<br />
poliéster .{Es} * see polyester (PET) .{E}.
poliestireno .{Es} * see polystyrene .{E}.<br />
polietileno .{Es} * see polyethylene .{E}.<br />
polimerización .{Es} * see polymerization .{E}.<br />
polímero .{Es} * see polymer .{E}.<br />
polímero del tinte .{Es} * see dye-polymer .{E}.<br />
polipropileno .{Es} * see polypropylene .{E}.<br />
política de au<strong>to</strong>res .{Es} * see politique des auteurs .{E;F}.<br />
politique des auteurs .{E;F} * A French term identifying <strong>the</strong><br />
auteur <strong>the</strong>ory, first set down in an article in Cahiers du<br />
cinema by François Truffaut in 1954, which postulates that,<br />
despite <strong>the</strong> communal nature <strong>of</strong> film making, a direc<strong>to</strong>r will<br />
leave his personal stamp on all his work.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
política de au<strong>to</strong>res}.<br />
polycarbonate .{E} * 1) A class <strong>of</strong> resins that are<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmoplastic, <strong>to</strong>ugh, transparent, and non-<strong>to</strong>xic<br />
characterized by high impact strength and high s<strong>of</strong>tening<br />
temperature.(31.) 2) The transparent plastic material used<br />
<strong>to</strong> form <strong>the</strong> substrate for CDs.39. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
policarbona<strong>to</strong>; F= polycarbonate}.<br />
polycarbonate .{F} * see polycarbonate .{E}.<br />
polyester .{F} * see also polyethylene .{E}.<br />
polyester (PET) .{E;F} * abbreviation for polyethylene<br />
glycol terephthalate; a flexible, transparent plastic sheeting<br />
which is generally dimensionally stable, chemically inert,<br />
strong, resistant <strong>to</strong> tearing, and relatively non-flammable,<br />
commonly used as <strong>the</strong> base for film and tape. Sold under<br />
a variety <strong>of</strong> trade names, including Mylar and Melinex, its<br />
thickness is <strong>of</strong>ten measured in mils.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
poliéster}.<br />
polyester film .{E} * see polyester.<br />
polyethylene .{E} * A chemically inert, stable, highly<br />
flexible, transparent or translucent <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic material.<br />
It is used in preservation as a protective liner or sleeve for<br />
discs and tapes. It furnishes a smooth fungi resistant<br />
surface and is also a moisture barrier for both <strong>the</strong> disc or<br />
tape and <strong>the</strong> external packaging (jacket or box).(04.) It has<br />
a low melting point and is also suitable for an enclosure for<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs when made with no surface coatings or<br />
additives.43. .{D= ?; Es= polietileno; F= polyéthylène;<br />
polyester}.<br />
polyethylene glycol terephthalate .{E} * se<br />
polyéthylène .{F} * see polyethylene .{E}.<br />
polymerization .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> joining two or more<br />
like molecules in<strong>to</strong> a more complex molecule whose<br />
molecular weight is a multiple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original and whose<br />
physical properties are different.53. In recordings,<br />
additives are chosen <strong>to</strong> alter certain physical properties for<br />
a desired effect through polymerization. Sometimes <strong>the</strong>se<br />
additives can also create undesired effects.04. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
polimerización; F= polymérisation}.<br />
polymerized vinyl chloride (PVC) .{E} * see polyvinyl<br />
chloride.<br />
polypropylene .{E} * A stiff, heat-resistant, chemically<br />
stable plastic. Common uses in preservation: sleeves for<br />
35-mm slides or films, containers for such as safety film,<br />
magnetic tapes, CDs.17. .{D= ?; Es= polipropileno; F=<br />
polypropylène}.<br />
polypropylène .{F} * see polypropylene .{E}.<br />
175<br />
polystyrene .{E} * A <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic material used in <strong>the</strong><br />
production <strong>of</strong> discs, chiefly in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> 7-inch,<br />
45-rpm single records; not generally acceptable for<br />
archival containers.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= poliestireno; F=<br />
polystyrène}.<br />
polystyrène .{F} * see polystyrene .{E}.<br />
polyvinyl acetate (PVA) .{E} * A colourless transparent<br />
solid plastic, usually used in adhesives, which are<br />
<strong>the</strong>mselves also referred <strong>to</strong> as PVA or PVA adhesives; see<br />
also polyvinyl acetate adhesive.17. .{D= ?; Es= aceta<strong>to</strong> de<br />
polivinilo; F= acétate de polyvynile}.<br />
polyvinyl acetate adhesives .{E} * A family <strong>of</strong> dozens <strong>of</strong><br />
internally plasticized adhesives that dry quickly and remain<br />
flexible over time. Since PVA adhesive/s are one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
clear, water-white, <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic syn<strong>the</strong>tic resins produced<br />
from its monomer by emulsion polymerization, are readily<br />
diluted with water, are easily applied, and are safe <strong>to</strong> use<br />
because <strong>the</strong>y contain no flammable solvents, <strong>the</strong>y are safe<br />
<strong>to</strong> use in conservation. In addition, <strong>the</strong>re is no need <strong>to</strong> use<br />
preservatives or fungicides with PVA adhesive/s because<br />
<strong>the</strong>y do not deteriorate quickly and are unaffected by<br />
mould or fungi. PVA emulsion does slowly hydrolyze,<br />
however, and should not be s<strong>to</strong>red for more than one or<br />
two years before use. Freezing also destroys <strong>the</strong> emulsion,<br />
<strong>the</strong>refore, precautions must be taken <strong>to</strong> avoid exposing it<br />
<strong>to</strong> temperatures near or below <strong>the</strong> freezing point. PVA<br />
results in a very strong bond (i.e., it is not advisable for use<br />
on materials going in<strong>to</strong> cold s<strong>to</strong>rage). After drying,<br />
however, <strong>the</strong> PVA adhesive/s are not reversible in water,<br />
and <strong>the</strong>refore are not suitable for such use as paper<br />
repairs. They may be used when a flexible fast-drying<br />
adhesive is desired and reversibility is not particularly<br />
important.(17.32.) .{D= ?; Es= adhesivos de aceta<strong>to</strong><br />
polivinílico; F= adhésifs acétate de polyvynile}.<br />
polyvinyl chloride (polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) .{E} *<br />
A plastic, manufactured since <strong>the</strong> 1930s, not as chemically<br />
stable as some o<strong>the</strong>r plastics, since it can emit<br />
hydrochloric acid (which in turn can damage archival<br />
materials) as it deteriorates. It, <strong>the</strong>refore, has limited<br />
application in <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> archival materials. Some<br />
plastics called vinyl may, in fact, be PVA. In <strong>the</strong> sound<br />
recording industry it is used in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> discs,<br />
magnetic tape backing, and magnetic tape binder; it was<br />
used as a binder in 78-RPM shellac type discs, and is <strong>the</strong><br />
primary ingredient in contemporary LP discs.(04.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= cloruro polivinílico; F= chlorure de polyvynile}.<br />
Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) .{D} * see vinyl .{E}.<br />
pompage .{F} * see breathing .{E}.<br />
pompe .{F} * see sump pump .{E}.<br />
poner guardas .{Es} * see tipping-in .{E}.<br />
poner obje<strong>to</strong>s en estanterías .{Es} * see shelving (1, 2)<br />
.{E}.<br />
poner un decorado .{Es} * see set-up .{E}.<br />
pont .{F} * see bridge .{E}.<br />
POP .{E} * acronym for printing-out-paper.<br />
pop-stranding .{E} * Lateral displacement <strong>of</strong> a single strand<br />
or wrap <strong>of</strong> tape or film extending beyond <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film or tape pack; see also stepped pack.06. .{D=<br />
Querverschiebung; Es= desplazamine<strong>to</strong> lateral; F=<br />
décalage transversal}.<br />
popped strand .{E} * see pop-stranding.<br />
por colores .{Es} * see additive printing .{E}.
por corrosión .{Es} * see corrosion stain .{E}.<br />
por corte fisico .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}.<br />
por los ojos .{Es} * see eye light .{E}.<br />
por modulación .{Es} * see intermodulation dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E}.<br />
porción de una vídeocinta .{Es} * see bin .{E}.<br />
pornografía dura .{Es} * see hard core material .{E}.<br />
pornographique léger .{F} * see s<strong>of</strong>t core material .{E}.<br />
porosidad .{Es} * see porosity .{E}.<br />
porosité .{F} * see porosity .{E}.<br />
porosity .{E} * That property a material has <strong>of</strong> containing<br />
inter-stices (i.e., small or narrow spaces). It is defined as<br />
<strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interstices <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mass <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material, and depends upon <strong>the</strong> number,<br />
shape and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> voids, as well as <strong>the</strong>ir shape<br />
and orientation. It is usually expressed in percentages. The<br />
term is sometimes used incorrectly <strong>to</strong> indicate<br />
permeability.45. .{D= ?; Es= porosidad; F= porosité}.<br />
porta obje<strong>to</strong>s (microscopía) .{Es} * see microscope slide<br />
.{E}.<br />
portador .{Es} * see carrier .{E}.<br />
portador de segunda armónica .{Es} * see second<br />
harmonic carrier .{E}.<br />
portadorea modulada .{Es} * see modulated carrier .{E}.<br />
portafolio .{Es} * see portfolio (PF) .{E}.<br />
portaobje<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see slide .{E}.<br />
portapelícula (bastidor) .{Es} * see rack (4) .{E}.<br />
porte coupe-feu .{F} * see fire door .{E}.<br />
porte Et .{F} * see And gate .{E}.<br />
porteuse (onde) .{F} * see carrier .{E}.<br />
porteuse de l'harmonique deux .{F} * see second harmonic<br />
carrier .{E}.<br />
porteuse modulée .{F} * see modulated carrier .{E}.<br />
portfolio (PF) .{E} * An enclosure used <strong>to</strong> protect loose<br />
drawings, plates, papers, and <strong>the</strong> like. It usually consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> two sheets <strong>of</strong> board covered with paper or cloth, with a<br />
wide cloth or paper joint forming <strong>the</strong> spine. It has flaps <strong>to</strong><br />
contain <strong>the</strong> enclosed materi-al; see also protective<br />
enclosure.(45.) .{D= ?; Es= portafolio; F= chemise}.<br />
pose .{F} * see exposure .{E}.<br />
posemètre .{F} * see exposure meter .{E}.<br />
positif copie .{F} * see positive copy .{E}.<br />
positif direct .{F}. épreuve contact; direct positive .{E}.<br />
positif intermédiaire .{F} * see interpositive .{E}.<br />
positif pour contretype .{F} * see master positive .{E}.<br />
positif son .{F} * see sound positive .{E}.<br />
position a .{E} * see cine mode.<br />
position b .{E} * see comic mode.<br />
176<br />
positionnement .{F} * see registration .{E}.<br />
Positiv .{D} * see positive; slide .{E}.<br />
positivado .{Es} * see printing .{E}.<br />
positivado óptico .{Es} * see optical printing .{E}.<br />
positivado por contac<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see contact printing .{E}.<br />
positivado por reducción .{Es} * see reduction printing .{E}.<br />
positivadora .{Es} * see printer (1) .{E}.<br />
positivar .{Es} * see print .{E}.<br />
positive .{E} * In film based materials, developed film that<br />
has <strong>the</strong> same <strong>to</strong>nal values (ei<strong>the</strong>r black-and-white or<br />
colour) as <strong>the</strong> object pho<strong>to</strong>graphed; also called a positive<br />
image; see also negative; positive copy; positive image;<br />
positive micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.(22.06.) .{D= Positiv; Positivkopie;<br />
Positivfilm; Es= positivo; F= épreuve positif; positif; film<br />
positif}.<br />
positive copy .{E} * In <strong>the</strong> reproduction <strong>of</strong> documents or<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>-graphs, a copy having <strong>the</strong> same <strong>to</strong>nes and image as<br />
in <strong>the</strong> original; also called a positive print; see also<br />
positive.(19.) .{D= ?; Es= copia positiva; F= copie positive;<br />
positif copie}.<br />
positive curl .{E} * see curl .{E}.<br />
positive film .{E} * see positive .{E}.<br />
positive image .{E} * A processed image resulting from <strong>the</strong><br />
negative printing exposure made on positive film. The<br />
positive image looks like <strong>the</strong> original scene .09. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= positivo de imagen; F= image positif}.<br />
positive micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E} * A film bearing microcopies with<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne values corresponding <strong>to</strong> those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> originals.19; see<br />
also positive; positive image.(22.) .{D= Positivfilm;<br />
Positivmikr<strong>of</strong>ilm; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilme positivo; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm<br />
positif}.<br />
Positivfilm .{D} * see positive; positive micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
positivo .{Es} * see positive .{E}.<br />
positivo brillante .{Es} * see glossy print .{E}.<br />
positivo de imagen .{Es} * see positive image .{E}.<br />
positivo de sonido .{Es} * see sound positive (2) .{E}.<br />
positivo original .{Es} * see master positive .{E}.<br />
positivo para copia de archivo .{Es} * see archival positive<br />
.{E}.<br />
positivo sonoro .{Es} * see sound positive (1) .{E}.<br />
post lumination .{F} * see post-flashing .{E}.<br />
post-echo .{E} * see echo.<br />
post-emphasis .{E} * In audio and video playback,<br />
equalization which is applied during playback and/or in <strong>the</strong><br />
reproducer. .{D= Entzerrung; Es= postecualización; F=<br />
désaccentuation}.<br />
post-equalizing pulses .{E} ** In a video signal, <strong>the</strong> six<br />
pulses that occur after <strong>the</strong> vertical sync at twice <strong>the</strong> AC line<br />
frequency. These pulses assure continued synchronization<br />
during <strong>the</strong> vertical retrace as well as proper interlace <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
odd and even fields <strong>of</strong> video. .{D= ?; Es= pulsación de<br />
postecualización; F= pulsation de désaccentuation}.
post-flashing .{E} * A motion picture production technique<br />
in which colour film is ex-posed after shooting <strong>to</strong> a neutral<br />
grey light source <strong>of</strong> a pre-determined quantity in order<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> mute <strong>the</strong> colour values for a more realistic effect<br />
or <strong>to</strong> decrease <strong>the</strong> contrast range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>to</strong> aid in<br />
available-light pho<strong>to</strong>graphy.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= postdestello;<br />
F= post lumination; latensification}.<br />
post-producción .{Es} * see post-production .{E}.<br />
post-production .{E;F} * In moving-image productions,<br />
editing <strong>of</strong> pre-recorded material, including special effects<br />
and audio dubbing.(06.) .{D= Nach-Bearbeitung; Es= postproduccion;<br />
F= post-synchronisation}.<br />
post-production audio .{F} * see pickup .{E}.<br />
post-sonorisation .{F} * see dubbing .{E}.<br />
post-synchronization .{E} * A moving-image production<br />
technique in which <strong>the</strong> audio is recorded after <strong>the</strong> picture<br />
has been shot. .{D= Nachsynchronisation; Es=<br />
postsincronización; F= post-synchronisation}.<br />
postamble .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a group <strong>of</strong><br />
special signals recorded at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> each block <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> electronic synchronization; see also<br />
preamble.46. .{D= ?; Es= epílogo (sincronización<br />
electrónica); F= épilogue}.<br />
postdestello .{Es} * see post-flashing .{E}.<br />
postecualización .{Es} * see post-emphasis .{E}.<br />
poster .{E} * 1) An advertising message that is posted on<br />
an outdoor advertising structure; also called a bill.(10.) 2)<br />
A notice posted publicly. 2) A document usually printed on<br />
one side <strong>of</strong> a single sheet <strong>of</strong> paper and <strong>of</strong>ten illustrated,<br />
posted <strong>to</strong> advertise or publicize something; also called a<br />
placard.(22.) .{D= Plakat; Es= cartel; F= affiche}.<br />
postproduction .{F} * see post-production .{E}.<br />
postsincronización .{Es} * see post-synchronization .{E}.<br />
pot .{E} * abbreviation for potentiometer.<br />
potash alum .{E} * Colourless crystals used by film<br />
labora<strong>to</strong>ries as a hardener in fixing baths; also available as<br />
a crystalline powder; also known as <strong>the</strong> common alum.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= aluminio potásico; F= potasse alun}.<br />
potasse d'alun .{F} * see potash alum .{E}.<br />
potassium bromide (K) .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bromides used in<br />
<strong>the</strong> various pho<strong>to</strong>graphic chemical processing solutions.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= bromuro potásico; F= bromure de potassium;<br />
potassium bromure}.<br />
potence de pavillon .{F} * see horn support .{E}.<br />
potenciómetro .{Es} * see potentiometer (POT) .{E}.<br />
potentiometer (POT) .{E} * An electromechanical device<br />
containing a resistance used <strong>to</strong> control <strong>the</strong> output <strong>of</strong> a<br />
circuit or component; also called an attenua<strong>to</strong>r, fader,<br />
mixer, rotary fader, rotary pot, and variable pad.(10.) .{D=<br />
?; Es= potenciómetro; F= potentiométre}.<br />
poudrette .{F} * see bloom; buildup .{E}.<br />
pounds per point .{E} * The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> basis weight in<br />
pounds divided by <strong>the</strong> thickness in mils, is used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe density; see also apparent density; basis weight,<br />
thickness.(08.) .{D= ?; Es= pun<strong>to</strong> de fluidez; F= livres par<br />
point}.<br />
pounds per square inch gauge .{E} * A meter for<br />
177<br />
measuring pressure relative <strong>to</strong> atmospheric pressure<br />
which equals 14.7 pounds per square inch.(53.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= medida de fluidez por pulgada cuadrada; F= pression<br />
en livres par pouce carré}.<br />
poursuite .{F} * see chase .{E}.<br />
pouvoir séparateur .{F} * see resolving power .{E}.<br />
power amplifier .{E} * An amplifier designed <strong>to</strong> operate a<br />
speaker system. .{D= ?; Es= amplificador de potencia; F=<br />
amplificateur de puissance}.<br />
power cord .{E} * Cable used <strong>to</strong> connect a piece <strong>of</strong><br />
electrical equipment <strong>to</strong> an external power source. .{D=<br />
Netzkabel; Es= cordón de alimentación; F= câble<br />
d'alimentation; câble}.<br />
power supply .{E} * A circuit that supplies proper voltages<br />
and currents as required by <strong>the</strong> sys-tem.39. .{D=<br />
Netzgerät; Netzteil; Es= fuente de alimentación; F=<br />
alimentation électrique; alimentation en courant}.<br />
PPM .{E} * acronym for pulse position modulation.<br />
PQ developer .{E} * see developing.<br />
PQ sub-code .{E} * see sub-code.<br />
practical lighting .{E} * 1) Normal light fixtures, such as 100<br />
watt incandescent bulbs. 2) The technique <strong>of</strong> using those<br />
fixtures for available-light pho<strong>to</strong>graphy.30. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
iluminación práctica; F= éclairage fonctionnel}.<br />
practical set .{E} * A realistically built set or an actual<br />
location which does not have wild walls.30. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
decorado práctico; F= décor réel; décor fonctionnel}.<br />
pre-amp .{E} * see pre-amplifier.<br />
pre-amplifier .{E} * also known as pre-amp. An amplifier<br />
that boosts weak signal voltages, such as those from<br />
microphones, magnetic playback heads, or phonograph<br />
pickups, <strong>to</strong> a level that is usable by power amplifiers, and<br />
at <strong>the</strong> same time accomplishes <strong>the</strong> necessary equalization<br />
for industry standards. Some equipment combines <strong>the</strong> preamp<br />
and <strong>the</strong> power amp. (50.) .{D= Vorverstärker; Es=<br />
preamplificador; F= préamplificateur}.<br />
pre-echo .{E} * see echo.<br />
pre-emphasis (pre-equalization) .{D;E} * 1) That portion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> equalization which is applied during recording.16. 2) A<br />
high frequency boost added during recording, followed by<br />
de-emphasis during playback, de-signed <strong>to</strong> reduce<br />
noise.39. .{D= Akzentuierung; Vor- Verzerrung; Es=<br />
preacentuación; preigualación; precorrección; F=<br />
préaccentuation; expansion des contrastes}.<br />
pré-enregistrement .{F} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
pre-equalization .{E} * see pre-emphasis.<br />
pré-flashage .{F} * see pre-flashing .{E}.<br />
pre-flashing .{E} * A motion picture production technique in<br />
which, before shooting, film is ex-posed <strong>to</strong> a neutral grey<br />
light source <strong>of</strong> a pre-determined quantity in order ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong><br />
mute <strong>the</strong> colour values for a more realistic effect or <strong>to</strong><br />
decrease <strong>the</strong> contrast range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>to</strong> aid in<br />
available-light pho<strong>to</strong>graphy. .{D= ?; Es= predestello; F=<br />
pré-lumination; pré-flashage}.<br />
pré-lumination .{F} * see pre-flashing .{E}.<br />
pre-mastering .{D;E} * 1) In recording, <strong>the</strong> process in which<br />
basic programme data is processed <strong>to</strong> produce a master.<br />
2) In optical media, <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> integration <strong>of</strong> digital
data code, error correction, and sub-codes, and<br />
conversion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> CD data format prior <strong>to</strong> disc<br />
mastering.(39.10.) .{F= pré-mastering; préparation de la<br />
bande mère; Es= 1) prenegativo (fab. discos); 2)<br />
preparación de la cinta matriz}.<br />
pré-mastering .{F} * see pre-mastering .{D;E}.<br />
pre-recorded tape .{E} * A magnetic tape which is recorded<br />
prior <strong>to</strong> sale or o<strong>the</strong>r distribution, as opposed <strong>to</strong> a tape<br />
which is left blank for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> consumer. .{D=<br />
bespietes Band; bespielter Tonträger; Es= cinta<br />
pregrabada; F= bande préenregistrée}.<br />
préaccentuation .{F} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)<br />
.{E}.<br />
preacentuación .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (preequalization)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
preamble .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a group <strong>of</strong><br />
special signals recorded at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> each block on<br />
tape for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> electronic synchronization; see<br />
also postamble.39. .{D= ?; Es= preámbulo; F= préambule}.<br />
préambule .{F} * see preamble .{E}.<br />
preámbulo .{Es} * see preamble .{E}.<br />
preamplificador .{Es} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.<br />
préamplificateur .{F} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.<br />
préarchivage .{F} * see intermediate s<strong>to</strong>rage .{E}.<br />
precisión de la posición del orificio .{Es} * see centring <strong>of</strong><br />
disc (2) .{E}.<br />
precorrección .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
predestello .{Es} * see pre-flashing .{E}.<br />
predominant name .{E} * The name or form <strong>of</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a<br />
person or corporate body that appears most frequently (1)<br />
in <strong>the</strong> person's works or works issued by <strong>the</strong> corporate<br />
body, or (2) in reference sources, in that order <strong>of</strong><br />
preference.03. .{D= ?; Es= nombre predominante; F= nom<br />
prédominant (cat)}.<br />
préenroulement .{F} * see preroll .{E}.<br />
preequalizing pulses .{E} * In a video signal, <strong>the</strong> six pulses<br />
that occur before vertical sync at twice <strong>the</strong> AC line<br />
frequency. These pulses assure continued synchronization<br />
during <strong>the</strong> vertical retrace as well as proper interlace <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
odd and even fields <strong>of</strong> video. .{D= ?; Es= impulso de<br />
precorrección; preigualación; F= impulsions de<br />
préégalisation}.<br />
preigualación .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)<br />
.{D;E}; preequalizing pulses .{E}.<br />
preliminary cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.<br />
prémagnétisation .{F} * see bias .{E}.<br />
prenegativo (fab. discos) .{Es} * see pre-mastering (1)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
prensa de empalmar .{Es} * see splicer .{E}.<br />
prensado (discos fonográficos) .{Es} * see pressing .{E}.<br />
prensado de prueba .{Es} * see test pressing .{E}.<br />
prensor .{Es} * see pressure plate .{E}.<br />
178<br />
préparation de la bande mère .{F} * see pre-mastering<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
préparation pour microscope .{F} * see microscope slide<br />
.{E}.<br />
prepared paper support .{E} * A backing for a still-image<br />
which has been coated with a layer <strong>of</strong> an inert material in<br />
a gelatin solution upon which a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsion is<br />
coated.42. .{D= ?; Es= papel emulsionado; F= support<br />
papier préparé (pho<strong>to</strong>)}.<br />
preroll .{E} * The amount <strong>of</strong> time that video VTR needs <strong>to</strong><br />
stabilize and synchronize before making an edit. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= tiempo de sincronización (vídeo VTR); F= délai<br />
synchronisation; préenroulement}.<br />
prescribed source .{E} * The documents or reference<br />
works, designat-ed by cataloguing codes, from which<br />
information may be taken for entry in each element or area<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bibliographic description; see also principal<br />
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fuente de referencia; F= sources<br />
de référence (cat)}.<br />
presence .{E} * A subjective term applied <strong>to</strong> a quality <strong>of</strong><br />
naturalness in sound recording/reproduction so that <strong>the</strong><br />
illusion is such that <strong>the</strong> listener perceives <strong>the</strong> sound as<br />
close and realistic, while not being produced at some<br />
remote location.(04.) .{D= Prösenz; Es= sonido ambiente;<br />
F= présence; bruit d'ambiance}.<br />
présence .{F} * see presence .{E}.<br />
presentación .{Es} * see exhibition .{E}.<br />
presentador .{Es} * see presenter; speaker (2) .{E}.<br />
présentateur .{F} * see presenter .{E}.<br />
présentation des responsibilités .{F} * see statement <strong>of</strong><br />
responsibility .{E}.<br />
presenter .{E} * 1) For motion-picture films, a vanity credit:<br />
in <strong>the</strong> early days <strong>of</strong> motion picture production normally <strong>the</strong><br />
head <strong>of</strong> a studio. Currently a person or corporate body who<br />
is associated with production, finance, or distribution in<br />
some unspecified way. 2) In British television usage, a<br />
newscaster who is in overall control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> presentation <strong>of</strong><br />
a news or current affairs programme.(12.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
presentador; F= présentateur}.<br />
preservación .{Es} * see preservation; preservation .{E}.<br />
preservation copy .{E} * The artifact designated <strong>to</strong> be<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red and maintained as <strong>the</strong> preservation master. Such a<br />
designation may be given ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> earliest generation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> artifact held by a collection, <strong>to</strong> a preservation<br />
transfer copy <strong>of</strong> such an artifact, and/or <strong>to</strong> both such items<br />
in <strong>the</strong> possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> archive. Such a designation<br />
means that <strong>the</strong> item is used only under exceptional<br />
circumstances.(04.) .{D= Archivkopie; Es= copia de<br />
preservación; F= conservation copie; copie de<br />
conservation}.<br />
preservation duplicate .{E} * A duplicate copy <strong>of</strong> an item,<br />
said duplicate <strong>to</strong> be designated <strong>the</strong> preservation copy; not<br />
<strong>to</strong> be confused with ei<strong>the</strong>r a use copy or a<br />
printing/duplicating master.(04.) .{D= Archivduplikat; Es=<br />
duplicado de preservación; F= double de conservation}.<br />
preservation micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E} * The use <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilming <strong>to</strong><br />
preserve <strong>the</strong> information content <strong>of</strong> documents that ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
are in poor condition or were created utilizing poor quality<br />
materials, as well as <strong>to</strong> preserve originals from<br />
deterioration through repeated handling and use; see also<br />
security micr<strong>of</strong>ilming; disposal micr<strong>of</strong>ilming.22. .{D=<br />
Ersatzverfilm-ung, Ersatzverfilmung aus<br />
Konservierungsgründen; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación de
preservación; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de conservation}.<br />
preservation transfer copy .{E} * 1) A dubbing made for<br />
archival keeping <strong>of</strong> an item which cannot be preserved due<br />
<strong>to</strong> ongoing deterioration. 2) A dubbing made <strong>to</strong> serve as a<br />
preservation duplicate <strong>of</strong> a preservation copy.(04.) .{D=<br />
Archivkopie; Es= duplicado [copia] de preservación; F= 1)<br />
copie de conservation (qui remplace l'original) 2) copie de<br />
conservation (duplicatat de conservation)}.<br />
Preservation Advisory Committee (PAC) .{D;E;Es;F} * A<br />
group in <strong>the</strong> U.S. established in 1985 by <strong>the</strong> Council on<br />
Library Resources (CLR) <strong>to</strong> guide initial work on long-term<br />
preservation work at U.S. libraries.(19.)<br />
préservation .{E} * see preservation .{E}.<br />
presión de la aguja (sobre la superficie de un disco<br />
fonográfico) .{Es} * see stylus force .{E}.<br />
Preßmatrize .{D} * see stamper .{E}.<br />
présonorisation .{F} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
pressage .{F} * see pressure pad; pressing .{E}.<br />
pressage original .{F} * see original pressing .{E}.<br />
pressage test .{F} * see test pressing .{E}.<br />
presse à coller .{F} * see splicer .{E}.<br />
presse à collures .{F} * see butt splicer .{E}.<br />
pressen .{D} * see pressing .{E}.<br />
presseur .{F} * see brayer .{E}.<br />
presseur de caméra .{F} * see pressure plate .{E}.<br />
pressing .{E} * 1) The process whereby a machine flattens,<br />
compresses, and squeezes materials <strong>to</strong> a predetermined<br />
shape, such an LP record. 2) Any item produced in such<br />
a process. 3) The items produced via such a process at a<br />
given time (i.e., <strong>the</strong> initial pressing was 1,000 LPs; <strong>the</strong> 2d<br />
pressing was 5,000 LPs).(04.) .{D= 1) pressen; 2&3)<br />
Pressung; 3) Auflage; Es= prensado (discos fonográficos);<br />
F= pressage; pression}.<br />
pression en livres par pouce carré .{F} * see pounds per<br />
square inch gauge .{E}.<br />
Pressung .{D} * see pressing .{E}.<br />
pressure pad .{E} * In a magnetic tape recorder, most <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
a 'one-mo<strong>to</strong>r' machine, <strong>the</strong> piece <strong>of</strong> equipment which<br />
forces <strong>the</strong> tape in<strong>to</strong> intimate contact with <strong>the</strong> head gap,<br />
usually by direct pressure at <strong>the</strong> head assembly. Felt or<br />
similar material, occasionally protected with self-lubricating<br />
plastic, is used <strong>to</strong> apply pressure uniformly and with a<br />
minimum <strong>of</strong> drag <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base-side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape.(50.16.) .{D=<br />
Andruckfilz; Es= almohadilla prensadora [para prensar]; F=<br />
patin presseur; pressage.; cadre-presseur}.<br />
pressure plate .{E} * The flat metal plate in a camera,<br />
projec<strong>to</strong>r, or optical printer that presses on <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film <strong>to</strong> keep <strong>the</strong> emulsion surface in <strong>the</strong> lens focal<br />
length.10. .{D= ?; Es= placa de presión; prensor;<br />
compresor; F= presseur de caméra}.<br />
pressure roller .{E} * a spring -loaded rubber-tyred roller<br />
which holds <strong>the</strong> magnetic tape tightly against <strong>the</strong> capstan,<br />
permitting <strong>the</strong> latter <strong>to</strong> draw <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck reel and<br />
past <strong>the</strong> heads at a constant speed.16. .{D= ?; Es= rodillo<br />
prensador; F= galet presseur; tambour presseur. Also<br />
called pinch roller; puck; capstan idler. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
préstamo .{Es} * see loan .{E}.<br />
179<br />
prêt .{F} * see loan .{E}.<br />
prévisualisation .{F} * see preview .{E}.<br />
primer montaje .{Es} * see rough cut .{E}.<br />
primer plano .{Es} * see close-up .{E}.<br />
primera copia .{Es} * see answer print .{E}; checkprint .{E}.<br />
primera copia (original) .{Es} * see master (1) .{E}.<br />
primera copia del día en una película .{Es} * see dailies<br />
(rushes) .{E}.<br />
principal source .{E} * 1) In cataloguing in traditional library<br />
usage, a prescribed portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item being catalogued<br />
which is considered <strong>to</strong> take precedence over any o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
information when seeking elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bibliographic<br />
description (e.g., <strong>the</strong> title page). 2) For moving-image<br />
cataloguing, <strong>the</strong> established body <strong>of</strong> knowledge<br />
concerning original moving-image works as determined by<br />
those involved in <strong>the</strong>ir production and by scholars,<br />
researchers, and archivists; see also prescribed<br />
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fuente principal; F= source<br />
principale}.<br />
print .{E} * 1) A positive copy <strong>of</strong> a film. In archival movingimage<br />
work two categories <strong>of</strong> prints are identified: a<br />
viewing or reference print, which may be used by<br />
individuals within archives, and a distribution or projection<br />
print which was made for projec-tion and can be lent for<br />
screening at o<strong>the</strong>r institutions.(30.12.) 2) A positive picture<br />
usually produced from a negative.(09.22.) 3) A picture or<br />
design printed from a plate, block, roll in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> an<br />
etching, woodcut, lithograph, including both pro<strong>of</strong>s and<br />
final versions.22. .{D= 1&2) Abzug; Kopie; 3) Druck; Stich;<br />
Es= 1) positivar; tirar; copiar del positivo; 2) impresión;<br />
copia del positivo; 3) estampa (grabado); F= 1&2) tirage;<br />
copie; épreuve; 3) estampe}.<br />
print film .{E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film which is used <strong>to</strong> print<br />
both <strong>the</strong> first workprint <strong>of</strong> a motion picture from <strong>the</strong> camera<br />
film and as many copies as needed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> final edited<br />
version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> production.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= película<br />
impresa; F= film empreinte}.<br />
print-out .{E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>the</strong> increase in minimum<br />
density which occurs in <strong>the</strong> light.(05.) .{D= ?; Es= en<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grafía, incremen<strong>to</strong> mínimo en la densidad de la luz; F=<br />
?}.<br />
print-out paper .{E} * see printing-out paper.<br />
print-through .{E} * The unwanted transfer <strong>of</strong> a magnetic<br />
field (and its signal) from one layer <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r within a roll<br />
<strong>of</strong> magnetic tape. A result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic instability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic oxide on <strong>the</strong> tape, <strong>the</strong> magnitude <strong>of</strong> this induced<br />
signal tends <strong>to</strong> increase with <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage time and<br />
temperature and decrease with <strong>the</strong> unwinding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
roll. It causes echo or repeated sound from one layer <strong>of</strong><br />
tape while <strong>the</strong> next layer is passing over <strong>the</strong> playback<br />
head; see also echo.(04.06.) .{D= Hintergrundecho;<br />
Kopiereffekt; Es= copia inducida; F= écho; effet de copie}.<br />
printer .{E} * 1) In film production, a device used <strong>to</strong> print a<br />
processed film on<strong>to</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong> raw s<strong>to</strong>ck. 2) The person<br />
who operates <strong>the</strong> equipment. .{D= ?; Es= 1) copiadora;<br />
positivadora; 2) operario que hace las copias; F= tireuse;<br />
imprimeur}.<br />
printer lights .{E} * In film production, <strong>the</strong> light source in a<br />
film printer. .{D= ?; Es= luz de positivado; F= éclairage de<br />
la tireuse; éclairage de tirage}.<br />
printing .{E} * In film production, <strong>the</strong> duplication <strong>of</strong> motion<br />
picture images by pho<strong>to</strong>graphic exposure.(09.) .{D=<br />
Kopierung; Es= positivado; tiraje; tirada; F= tirage}.
printing density .{E} * In film production, a measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
light-controlling power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silver or dye deposited in a<br />
film emulsion when it approximates that <strong>of</strong> a duplicating or<br />
print film s<strong>to</strong>ck.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= densidad del positivado;<br />
F= densité de tirage}.<br />
printing dupe .{E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edited master film<br />
reserved for printing purposes. .{D= ?; Es= duplicado<br />
[copia] de un positivo original para tirar copias; F= copie<br />
pour tirage}.<br />
printing dupe videotape .{E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edited master<br />
videotape reserved for printing. .{D= ?; Es= duplicado de<br />
una cinta de vídeo original para tirar copias; F= copie pour<br />
tirage}.<br />
printing-out-paper (POP) {E} * A light-sensitive emulsion<br />
yielding a visible image directly when contact printed in<br />
daylight illumination.42. {F= papier d'impression; papier à<br />
noircissement direct; papier au citratè; papier<br />
héliographique; D= ?; Es= ?}.<br />
prise .{F} * see plug .{E}.<br />
prise (de son) .{F} * see take .{D;E}.<br />
prise d'une scène .{F} * see shot .{E}.<br />
prise de terre .{F} * see ground .{E}.<br />
prise de vue archaïque .{F} * see s<strong>to</strong>ck shot .{E}.<br />
prise de vue en accéléré .{F} * see time-lapse<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy; time-lapse movie .{E}.<br />
prise de vue et enregistrement sonore sur la même bande<br />
.{F} * see single-system sound .{E}.<br />
prise de vue image par image? .{F} * see s<strong>to</strong>p-motion<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
prise de vues aléa<strong>to</strong>ires .{F} * see alea<strong>to</strong>ry filming .{E}.<br />
prise sur un <strong>to</strong>urnage .{F} * see take .{D;E}.<br />
proc amp .{E} ** abbreviation for processing amplifier. .{D=<br />
?; Es= amplificador de procesamien<strong>to</strong> [acondicionamien<strong>to</strong>]<br />
(de señales); F= amplificateur de traitement}.<br />
procédé argentique .{F} * see dry silver process .{E}.<br />
procédé d'anamorphose .{F} * see anamorphic processes<br />
.{E}.<br />
procédé d'animation .{F} * see live animation .{E}.<br />
procédé d'effets spéciaux par chache et contrecache .{F}<br />
* see travelling matte .{E}.<br />
procédé de changement de mise au point pendant le<br />
<strong>to</strong>urnage .{F} * see rack focusing .{E}.<br />
procédé de montage audio ou vidéo .{F} * see <strong>of</strong>f-Line .{E}.<br />
procédé fond bleu .{F} * see blue screen process .{E}.<br />
procédé par imbibition .{F} * see imbibition process .{E}.<br />
procédé <strong>the</strong>rmographique .{F} * see <strong>the</strong>rmographic<br />
process .{E}.<br />
procedencia .{Es} * see provenance .{E}.<br />
procedimen<strong>to</strong> de colores por síntesis aditiva .{Es} * see<br />
additive printing .{E}.<br />
procedimen<strong>to</strong> de síntesis aditiva de colores .{Es} * see<br />
additive printing .{E}.<br />
180<br />
procedimien<strong>to</strong> de efec<strong>to</strong> especial por caché y contracaché<br />
.{Es} * see travelling matte .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
procedimien<strong>to</strong> de positivado .{Es} * see negative-positive<br />
process .{E}.<br />
procedimien<strong>to</strong> electroestático .{Es} * see electrostatic<br />
process .{E}.<br />
procedimien<strong>to</strong> forzado .{Es} * see forced processing .{E}.<br />
procédure d'asservissement .{F} * see slewing .{E}.<br />
procesado .{Es} * see processing .{E}.<br />
procesado al cloruro de plata en seco .{Es} * see dry silver<br />
process .{E}.<br />
procesado en seco .{Es} * see dry silver process .{E}.<br />
procesado para obtener una copia de calidad de archivo<br />
.{Es} * see archival processing .{E}.<br />
procesador .{Es} * see processor .{E}.<br />
procesador de señal digital .{Es} * see DSP .{E}.<br />
procesador de señales digitales .{Es} * see digital signal<br />
processor .{E}.<br />
procesador pixel .{Es} * see pixel processor .{E}.<br />
procesamien<strong>to</strong> de imagen .{Es} * see image processing<br />
.{E}.<br />
proceso amónico .{Es} * see ammonia process .{E}.<br />
proceso anaglífico .{Es} * see anaglyphic process .{E}.<br />
proceso anamórfico .{Es} * see anamorphic processes<br />
.{E}.<br />
proceso de animación .{Es} * see live animation .{E}.<br />
proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic data processing<br />
(ADP) .{E}.<br />
proceso de da<strong>to</strong>s au<strong>to</strong>mático .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic data<br />
processing (adp) .{E}.<br />
proceso de difusión por transferencia .{Es} * see diffusion<br />
transfer process .{E}.<br />
proceso de elaboración de un original .{Es} * see<br />
mastering .{E}.<br />
proceso de inhibición .{Es} * see imbibition process .{E}.<br />
proceso de inversión .{Es} * see reversal process .{E}.<br />
proceso de labora<strong>to</strong>rio para numerar la película en sus<br />
bordes .{Es} * see labora<strong>to</strong>ry ap-positive process .{E}.<br />
proceso del fondo azul .{Es} * see blue screen process<br />
.{E}.<br />
proceso termográfico .{Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmographic process<br />
.{E}.<br />
process camera .{E} * A device, usually with special<br />
attachments, designed <strong>to</strong> produce images on an<br />
intermediate material from which prints can be made, as in<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>lithography.01. .{D= ?; Es= cámara de procesado; F=<br />
?}.<br />
process shot .{E} * see back projection; matte shot;<br />
opticals.
processed film .{E} * film that has been exposed <strong>to</strong> suitable<br />
radiation and has been treated <strong>to</strong> produce a fixed or<br />
stabilized visible image.40. .{D= ?; Es= película<br />
procesada; F= film développé}.<br />
processeur .{F} * see processor .{E}.<br />
processeur de pixel (DVI) .{F} * see pixel processor .{E}.<br />
processeur de signal numérique .{F} * see digital signal<br />
processor .{E}.<br />
processeur de signaux numériques (DSP) .{F} * see DSP<br />
.{E}.<br />
processing .{E} * 1) A procedure during which exposed<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or paper is devel-oped, fixed, and<br />
washed <strong>to</strong> produce ei<strong>the</strong>r a negative image or a positive<br />
image.(09.) 2) A generic term for <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal series <strong>of</strong> steps<br />
involved in <strong>the</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> exposed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic material<br />
<strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> latent image visible and ultimately usable,<br />
e.g., development, fixing, washing, etc. 3) A term used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steps involved in receiving, organizing,<br />
inven<strong>to</strong>rying, cataloguing, and carrying out basic<br />
preparation <strong>of</strong> an item before placing it in<strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage.(06.)<br />
.{D= Entwicklung; Es= procesado; F= &2) développement}.<br />
processing amplifier .{E} * A video amplifier that<br />
regenerates or reshapes <strong>the</strong> sync portion <strong>of</strong> a video signal.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= ampificador de vídeo frecuencia; F=<br />
amplificateur de traitement}.<br />
processus négatif-positif .{F} * see negative-positive<br />
process .{E}.<br />
producción .{Es} * see production .{E;F}.<br />
producción de campo electrónico .{Es} * see electronic<br />
field production (EFP) .{E}.<br />
producción de un campo electrónico .{Es} * see electronic<br />
field production (EFP) .{E}.<br />
producción sonora .{Es} * see audio .{E}.<br />
produccíon del día .{Es} * see rushes .{E;F}.<br />
producer .{E} * The person who bears <strong>the</strong> ultimate<br />
administrative and financial responsibility for an audio or<br />
moving-image production. In practice, <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
producer may be much wider and can include artistic<br />
involvement.(12.) .{D= Produzent; Es= produc<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
producteur}.<br />
producteur .{F} * see producer .{E}.<br />
production .{E;F} * 1) An imprecise term used <strong>to</strong> describe<br />
<strong>the</strong> multiple steps involved in making all <strong>the</strong> original<br />
material that is <strong>the</strong> basis for a finished sound recording<br />
and/or moving-image creation. 2) A completed movingimage<br />
creation and/or sound recording.(22.) .{D=<br />
Produktion; Es= producción}.<br />
production company .{E} * The name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company<br />
under whose financial, technical, and organizational<br />
management a moving-image production is made. In a<br />
broad sense <strong>the</strong> production company is responsible for <strong>the</strong><br />
overall creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work.(12.) .{D= Produktionsfirma;<br />
Es= casa produc<strong>to</strong>ra; F= compagnie de production;<br />
maison de production}.<br />
production date .{E} * The year in which <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong><br />
a moving-image work was completed, or sometimes <strong>the</strong><br />
period <strong>of</strong> time from <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shooting until<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fecha de<br />
producción; F= date de production}.<br />
production légère .{F} * see electronic field production<br />
181<br />
(EFP) .{E}.<br />
production monographique .{F} * see monographic item<br />
.{E}.<br />
production number .{E} * A number given <strong>to</strong> a movingimage<br />
production as a means <strong>of</strong> ensuring accuracy in<br />
assigning costs and o<strong>the</strong>r accounting information.<br />
Production numbers may appear on <strong>the</strong> item itself, <strong>the</strong><br />
leader, can, housing, accompanying documentation,<br />
etc.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= número de producción; F= numéro de<br />
production}.<br />
production rolls .{E} * In a motion picture production, a<br />
general term for <strong>the</strong> various types <strong>of</strong> production elements<br />
(film usually wound on<strong>to</strong> cores) before <strong>the</strong>y are cut and<br />
assembled in<strong>to</strong> reels.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= bobinas [rollos] de<br />
producción; F= bobines de production}.<br />
productions journalières .{F}. see dailies (rushes) .{E}.<br />
Produzent .{D} * see producer .{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>il d'onde .{F} * see wave form .{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>il de synchronisation .{F} * see synchronization pattern<br />
.{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de champ .{F} * see deep focus; depth <strong>of</strong> field<br />
.{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de foyer .{F} * see depth <strong>of</strong> focus .{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de campo .{Es} * see depth <strong>of</strong> field; depth <strong>of</strong><br />
focus .{E}.<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de foco .{Es} * see depth <strong>of</strong> focus .{E}.<br />
programa .{Es} * see programme .{E;F}.<br />
programa de aplicación .{Es} * see application programme<br />
.{E}.<br />
Programm .{D} * see programme .{E;F}.<br />
programme d'application .{F} * see application programme<br />
.{E}.<br />
projecteur à arc .{F} * see arc lamp .{E}.<br />
projecteur à arc de carbon .{F} * see carrier; carbon-arc<br />
lamps .{E}.<br />
projecteur d'ambiance .{F} * see broad light .{E}.<br />
projecteur d'appoint .{F} * see filler light .{E}.<br />
projecteur de vues fixes .{F} * see diascope .{E}.<br />
projecteur spot .{F} * see baby spot .{E}.<br />
projection arrière .{F} * see back projection .{E}.<br />
projection kinescope .{E} * An improvement over its<br />
predecessor <strong>the</strong> shadow-mask kinescope. An electronic<br />
device used in large screen television systems. The<br />
projection TV set have three very bright tubes, one for<br />
each primary colour. The images on <strong>the</strong> tubes are<br />
enlarged, converged, and focused on<strong>to</strong> a screen by means<br />
<strong>of</strong> an optical system that may employ mirrors, lenses, or<br />
both. Public Service Announcement. 2) Also referred <strong>to</strong> by<br />
its Acronym PSA. .{D= ?; Es= cinescopio de proyección;<br />
F= écran kinescope}.<br />
projet .{F} * see draft .{E}.<br />
projet architectural .{F} * see architectural rendering .{E}.
prolongement .{F} * see extender .{E}.<br />
promo radio .{F} * see radio promo .{E}.<br />
prompter .{E} * Ei<strong>the</strong>r a paper based or electronically<br />
generated system <strong>of</strong> producing <strong>the</strong> program script visually<br />
for <strong>the</strong> performer in a video production <strong>to</strong> read while<br />
maintaining direct eye contact with <strong>the</strong> video camera. Also<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> as telepromter. .{D= ?; Es= apuntador de tex<strong>to</strong>;<br />
F= prompteur}.<br />
prompteur .{F} * see prompter .{E}.<br />
propiedades termoquímicas .{Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmochemical<br />
properties .{E}.<br />
protection master .{E} * 1) A master positive film used <strong>to</strong><br />
make a new dupe negative if <strong>the</strong> original is damaged; also<br />
called protection print. 2) A duplicate made <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audiovisual document for security purposes; also called a<br />
protection copy.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) copia master de<br />
protección; 2) copia de seguridad; F= élément de sécurité;<br />
master de sécurité; copie de sécurité; marron de sécurité}.<br />
protective layer .{E} * On an optical disc, <strong>the</strong> material<br />
between <strong>the</strong> entry face and <strong>the</strong> recording layer provided<br />
for mechanical protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording layer <strong>to</strong> de-focus<br />
surface dust and scratches. .{D= Schutzschicht; Es=<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong> de protección; F= couche de protection}.<br />
pro<strong>to</strong>cole d'échange d'information .{F} * see information<br />
exchange pro<strong>to</strong>col (IXP) .{E}.<br />
pro<strong>to</strong>colo de intercambio de información .{Es} * see<br />
information exchange pro<strong>to</strong>col (IXP) .{E}.<br />
pro<strong>to</strong>tipo .{Es} * see model .{E}.<br />
pro<strong>to</strong>type .{F} * see mock-up .{E}.<br />
provenance .{E;F} * A record or indication <strong>of</strong> previous<br />
ownership <strong>of</strong> an item. .{D= ?; Es= origen; procedencia}.<br />
proyección .{Es} * see projection .{E;F}.<br />
proyección de una película .{Es} * see screening .{E}.<br />
proyección de una película (en pantalla grande) .{Es} * see<br />
screening .{E}.<br />
proyección por transparencia .{Es} * see back projection<br />
.{E}.<br />
proyec<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see projec<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
proyec<strong>to</strong>r con espejo .{Es} * see overhead projec<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
proyec<strong>to</strong>r de trayec<strong>to</strong>ria de proyección alta .{Es} * see<br />
overhead projec<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
prueba AB .{Es} * see AB-test .{E}.<br />
prueba de emisión (por radio) .{Es} * see air check .{E}.<br />
prueba de la velocidad entre surcos .{Es} * see speed<br />
testing grooves .{E}.<br />
prueba de modulación cruzada .{Es} * see crossmodulation<br />
test (cross mod) .{E}.<br />
prueba de residuos de tiosulfa<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see residual hypo<br />
test .{E}.<br />
prueba de resistencia a la rotura .{Es} * see ultimate<br />
tensile strength .{E}.<br />
prueba de resistencia al estallido del papel .{Es} * see<br />
mullen .{E}.<br />
182<br />
prueba de rotura por tracción .{Es} * see breaking strength<br />
.{E}.<br />
prueba de solubilidad en agua .{Es} * see water spot-test<br />
.{E}.<br />
prueba sobre una superficie con alcohol .{Es} * see<br />
alcohol spot-test .{E}.<br />
pruebas de estabilidad de la lana azul expuesta a la luz<br />
.{Es} * see blue wool light fastness standards .{E}.<br />
Prüfliste .{D} * see checklist .{E}.<br />
PSA .{E} * acronym for Public Service Announcement.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= acrónimo de Anuncio de Servicio de Utilidad<br />
Pública; F= annonce d'utilité publique}.<br />
pseudoscopic stereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.<br />
pseudostereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.<br />
psicoacústico .{Es} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.<br />
psicrómetro .{Es} * see psychrometer .{E}.<br />
psicrómetro de pilas .{Es} * see battery operated<br />
psychrometer .{E}.<br />
psicrómetro gira<strong>to</strong>rio .{Es} * see sling psychrometer .{E}.<br />
PSIG .{E} * acronym for pounds per square inch gauge.<br />
psychoacoustics .{E} * That branch <strong>of</strong> science which<br />
concerns itself with <strong>the</strong> various subjective fac<strong>to</strong>rs involved<br />
in audio acoustics. .{D= Psychoakustik; Es= psicoacústico;<br />
F= psychoacoustique}.<br />
psychoacoustique .{F} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.<br />
Psychoakustik .{D} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.<br />
psychrometer .{E} * A hygrometer used for determining<br />
relative humidity (i.e., <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> moisture in <strong>the</strong> air)<br />
which utilizes wet and dry bulb temperature readings<br />
which, when compared with a chart, shows <strong>the</strong> measure <strong>of</strong><br />
dryness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding air; see also hygrometer;<br />
recording hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph; sling psychrome-ter.(45.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= psicrómetro; F= psychromètre}.<br />
psychromètre .{F} * see psychrometer; sling psychrometer<br />
.{E}.<br />
psychromètre au<strong>to</strong>nome .{F} * see battery operated<br />
psychrometer .{E}.<br />
public service announcement (PSA) .{E} * A short movingimage<br />
or audio production presented by a nonpr<strong>of</strong>it<br />
organization which attempts <strong>to</strong> persuade <strong>the</strong> audience <strong>to</strong><br />
take some specific action or adopt a particular view <strong>to</strong>ward<br />
some service, institution, issue, or cause generally<br />
considered <strong>to</strong> be in <strong>the</strong> public interest.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= ?;<br />
F= annonce de service public}.<br />
Public service responsibility <strong>of</strong> broadcast licencees .{E} *<br />
see Blue Book .{E}.<br />
publication .{E} * see distribution.<br />
publicité clandestine .{F} * see plug .{E}.<br />
publicitée .{F} * see commercial .{E;F}.<br />
puce .{F} * see chip .{E}.<br />
puck .{E} * see pressure roller.<br />
puerta .{Es} * see gate .{E}.
puerta contra incendios .{Es} * see fire door .{E}.<br />
puerta lógica Y .{Es} * see And gate .{E}.<br />
puesta en circulación (de una película) .{Es} * see release<br />
.{E}.<br />
puesta en escena .{Es} * see mise-en-scène .{E;F}.<br />
puesta en fase .{Es} * see phasing .{E}.<br />
puesta en fase horizontal subportadora .{Es} * see SC/H<br />
(1) .{E}.<br />
Puffer .{D} * see buffer .{E}.<br />
puffern .{D} * see buffering .{E}.<br />
Pufferspeicher .{D} * see buffer .{E}.<br />
Pufferung .{D} * see deacidification (neutralization) .{E}.<br />
puisard .{F} * see sump .{E}.<br />
pulgada .{Es} * see inch .{E}.<br />
pulgadas por segundo .{Es} * see inches per second (IPS)<br />
.{E}.<br />
pull-down mechanism .{E} * The apparatus in a motionpicture<br />
camera and/or projec<strong>to</strong>r that controls precisely <strong>the</strong><br />
movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film, pulling one frame in<strong>to</strong> position while<br />
<strong>the</strong> shutter is closed, holding it <strong>the</strong>re while <strong>the</strong> shutter<br />
opens and captures and/or projects <strong>the</strong> image, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
repeats <strong>the</strong> process for <strong>the</strong> next frame when <strong>the</strong> shutter<br />
closes. .{D= ?; Es= mecanismo trac<strong>to</strong>r; F= mécanisme<br />
d'entraînement et de contrôle de vitesse du film}.<br />
pulsación de postecualización .{Es} * see post-equalizing<br />
pulses .{E}.<br />
pulsación del cuadro de color .{Es} * see colour frame<br />
pulse .{E}.<br />
pulsaciones horizontales de la señal de ataque .{Es} * see<br />
horizontal drive pulses .{E}.<br />
pulsador .{Es} * see key .{E}.<br />
pulsation de désaccentuation .{F} * see post-equalizing<br />
pulses .{E}.<br />
pulsation tansversale .{F} * see pulse cross .{E}.<br />
pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E} * An analogue <strong>to</strong><br />
digital conversion method in which <strong>the</strong> amplitudes <strong>of</strong><br />
pulses in a pulse train represent <strong>the</strong> analogue<br />
information.(39.) .{F= modulation à amplitudes<br />
d'impulsions; Es= modulación de impulsos en amplitud;<br />
modulación de amplitud de impulsos}.<br />
pulse code modulation (PCM) .{D;E} * An analogue <strong>to</strong><br />
digital conversion method in which <strong>the</strong> analogue signal is<br />
sampled at a rate equal <strong>to</strong> at least twice <strong>the</strong> maximum<br />
signal frequency component, and <strong>the</strong> sampled value is<br />
represented by a fixed-length binary number, <strong>the</strong> binary<br />
number <strong>the</strong>n being transmitted as a corresponding set <strong>of</strong><br />
pulses.(10.) .{F= modulation à impulsions codées (MIC);<br />
Es= código de impulsos}.<br />
pulse cross .{E} * see cross pulse. .{D= ?; Es= cruce de<br />
impulsos; impulso transversal; F= pulsation tansversale;<br />
impulsion transversale}.<br />
pulse number modulation (PNM) .{D;E} * An analogue <strong>to</strong><br />
digital conversion method in which <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> pulses in<br />
a pulse train represents <strong>the</strong> analogue information.39. .{F=<br />
modulation sur le nombre d'impulsions; Es= modulación<br />
183<br />
de impulsos en número}.<br />
pulse parameter modulation .{D;E} * The general type <strong>of</strong><br />
modulation in which information is encoded by pulse<br />
representation.39. .{F= modulation sur paramètres<br />
d'impulsions; Es= modulación del parámetro de impulsos}.<br />
pulse position modulation (PPM) .{D;E} * An analogue <strong>to</strong><br />
digital conversion method in which <strong>the</strong> positions <strong>of</strong> pulses<br />
in a pulse train represent <strong>the</strong> analogue information.39. .{F=<br />
modulation à positions d'impulsions; Es= modulación por<br />
posición de impulsos}.<br />
punched paper tape .{E} * 1) A strip <strong>of</strong> paper used for<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ring information by <strong>the</strong> calculated placement <strong>of</strong><br />
punched holes.(10.) 2) In motion picture processing, <strong>the</strong><br />
tape used <strong>to</strong> initiate light changes in <strong>the</strong> printing process.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= cinta de papel perforada; F= bande perforée}.<br />
punched tape .{E} * see punched paper tape.<br />
punta cortada .{Es} * see truncated stylus .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de acceso .{Es} * see access point .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de acceso adicional .{Es} * see added entry .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de condensación .{Es} * see dew point .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de flotación .{Es} * see floating point .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de fluidez .{Es} * see pounds per point .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> de partida para revisar (audio y vídeo) .{Es} * see<br />
cue point .{E}.<br />
pun<strong>to</strong> del haz de electrones .{Es} * see aperture (4) .{E}.<br />
punzar .{Es} * see punch .{E}.<br />
pupitre de mélange vidéo .{F} * see switcher .{E}.<br />
purpur .{D} * see magenta .{E;F}.<br />
push processing .{E} * see<br />
q --q<br />
channel .{E} * When referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> television signal, it<br />
is correctly written as "Q". .{D= ?; Es= canal q; F= canal q}.<br />
Q channel .{E} * 1) The band <strong>of</strong> frequencies used <strong>to</strong><br />
transmit <strong>the</strong> red and green colour television information. 2)<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode channels (p-w),<br />
this used <strong>to</strong> carry <strong>the</strong> main control and display information.<br />
It identifies tracks, indices, running times, and absolute<br />
playing time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc. It also indicates whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded information is audio or o<strong>the</strong>r, whe<strong>the</strong>r preemphasis<br />
is applied, and whe<strong>the</strong>r digital copying is<br />
permitted. It includes its own cyclic redundancy check.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal Q; F= canal Q}.<br />
QC .{E} * acronym for quality control.<br />
QCI .{E} * acronym for quality control inspection. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= Inspección del Control de Calidad; F= Inspection de<br />
contrôle qualité}.<br />
QI .{E} * acronym for quality index.<br />
quad .{E;F} * abbreviation for quadruplex. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
cuádruple; F= quadruplex}.<br />
quadraphonic .{E} * System <strong>of</strong> recording and reproducing<br />
sound using four separate channels and four separate<br />
loudspeakers in an attempt <strong>to</strong> recreate a 360 degree<br />
sound field around <strong>the</strong> listener.04. .{D= quadrophon; Es=<br />
cuadrafónico; F= quadrophonique}.
quadrophonic .{E} * see quadraphonic .{E}.<br />
quadruplex .{F} * see also quad .{E}.<br />
Qualitätskontrolle .{D} * see quality control (QC) .{E}.<br />
qualité d'archivage .{F} * see archival quality .{E}.<br />
quality control (QC) .{E} * The series <strong>of</strong> tests and<br />
measurements used <strong>to</strong> maintain acceptable <strong>to</strong>lerances -for<br />
example, those <strong>of</strong> discs in mass production, or <strong>of</strong><br />
transfer quality in preservation re-recordi-ng. .{D=<br />
Qualitätskontrolle; Es= control de calidad; F= contrôle (de<br />
la) qualité (CQ)}.<br />
quality index .{E} * For micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy, <strong>the</strong> subjective<br />
relationship between legibility <strong>of</strong> printed text and <strong>the</strong><br />
resolution pattern resolved in a microimage.(40.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= índice de calidad; F= indice de qualité (micropho<strong>to</strong>)}.<br />
quantification .{F} * see quantization .{E}.<br />
Quantisierung .{D} * see quantization .{E}.<br />
Quantisierungsfehler .{D} * see quantization error .{E}.<br />
quantization .{E} * In analogue <strong>to</strong> digital conversion, <strong>to</strong><br />
assign one <strong>of</strong> a fixed set <strong>of</strong> values <strong>to</strong> an analogue signal<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> an analogue <strong>to</strong> digital conversion process. For<br />
example, in pulse code modula-tion, an analogue signal is<br />
sampled and quantized, and a correspond-ing set <strong>of</strong> binary<br />
pulses is produced; also called quantizing.(10.) .{D=<br />
Quantisierung; Es= cuantificación; F= quantification}.<br />
quantization error .{E} * The dis<strong>to</strong>rted sound caused in<br />
digital audio recording due <strong>to</strong> aliasing problems.(10.) .{D=<br />
Quantisierungsfehler; Es= error de cuantificación; F=<br />
erreur de quantification}.<br />
quart de piste .{F} * see quarter-track .{E}.<br />
quarter wave plate (QWP) .{E} * An optical component<br />
used in some LASER pickups <strong>to</strong> shift <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> polarization<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> LASER light.39. .{D= ?; Es= placa de<br />
cuar<strong>to</strong> de onda; F= lame quart d'onde}.<br />
quarter-track .{E} * An audio magnetic tape format in which<br />
<strong>the</strong>re are four separate tracks on magnetic tape. The tape<br />
runs from left <strong>to</strong> right and <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p track is usually recorded<br />
first, and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> third. To record <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r two tracks <strong>the</strong><br />
tape is turned upside down and once again fed left <strong>to</strong> right.<br />
For stereo, <strong>the</strong> first and third tracks are recorded at <strong>the</strong><br />
same time, using a stacked head (one with both gaps in<br />
line). Quarter track recording has a signal <strong>to</strong> noise ratio<br />
which is poorer than that <strong>of</strong> half-track or full track recording<br />
in proportion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> relative tape widths. 4-channel stereo<br />
uses all four tracks in <strong>the</strong> same direction. Quarter track<br />
tape is primarily intended for <strong>the</strong> consumer market (home<br />
use); also known as four track.(04.) .{D= Viertelspur; Es=<br />
cuar<strong>to</strong> de pista; F= quart de piste; quatre pistes}.<br />
quarter-track recording .{E} * see four-track recording.<br />
quatre pistes .{F} * see quarter-track .{E}.<br />
quebradizo .{Es} * see brittle .{E}.<br />
quedar en forma de rollo .{Es} * see core set .{E}.<br />
Querspuraufzeichnung .{D} * see quadruplex .{E;F}.<br />
Querverschiebung .{D} * see pop-stranding .{E}.<br />
quiescent noise .{E} * The sound <strong>of</strong> an audio system in a<br />
static condition; that is, with no applied signal.(04.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= ruido estático; F= bruit au repos}.<br />
quietschen .{D} * see squeal .{E}.<br />
184<br />
quitar de una colección una adquisición previa .{Es} * see<br />
deaccession .{E}.<br />
QWP .{E} * acronym for quarter wave plate.<br />
r ---<br />
r channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present allocated <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal r; F= canal r}.<br />
R/H .{E} * acronym for relative humidity.<br />
R-DAT .{E} * acronym for rotary head digital audiotape.<br />
rabotage .{F} * see shaving .{E}.<br />
raboter .{F} * see shaver .{E}.<br />
raccommodage .{F} * see mending .{E}.<br />
racine .{F} * see radix .{E}.<br />
rack .{E;F} * 1) A cabinet used for mounting electronic<br />
equipment. 2) A turret used <strong>to</strong> hold camera lenses. 3) The<br />
process <strong>of</strong> threading film through a camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r. 4)<br />
A combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film rollers, or spools, drive<br />
assemblies, rods, frame mechanism, and o<strong>the</strong>r pertinent<br />
hardware that is put <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> make a spiral path <strong>of</strong><br />
specific length for film that is <strong>to</strong> be immersed in a<br />
processing tank.(09.10.) 5) The action that a camera<br />
opera<strong>to</strong>r performes in rotating <strong>the</strong> lens turret on a video<br />
camera. .{D= 1) Gestell; 2 - 4) ?; Es= 1) armario metálico;<br />
2) bastidor; chasis; 3) estirado de la película; 4)<br />
portapelícula (bastidor); F= 1) chassis; 2) <strong>to</strong>urelle 3) portefilm<br />
4) ?<br />
rack focusing .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic technique using a<br />
shallow focus (shallow depth <strong>of</strong> field) in which <strong>the</strong> focus is<br />
pulled <strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong> focus plane and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong><br />
attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer, usually rapidly several times in <strong>the</strong><br />
shot; see also focus pull; focus plane.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
cambio rápido del plano focal; F= procédé de changement<br />
de mise au point pendant le <strong>to</strong>urnage}.<br />
radiación ultravioleta (UV) .{Es} * see ultraviolet radiation<br />
.{E}.<br />
radial <strong>to</strong>tal truncated run out (TIR) .{E} * Maximum peak-<strong>to</strong>peak<br />
radial displacement (micrometres) <strong>of</strong> any track on <strong>the</strong><br />
recording layer.46. .{D= ?; Es= máximo desplazamien<strong>to</strong><br />
radial cresta a cresta de cualquier pista de la superficie de<br />
grabación; F= ?}.<br />
radial tracking error .{E} * A mea-surement <strong>of</strong> an optical<br />
disc player's radial tracking servo signal, used <strong>to</strong><br />
determine <strong>to</strong>lerance for disc flat-ness.39. .{D= radialer<br />
Abtastfehler; Es= error de grabación de pista; F= erreur de<br />
suivi de piste}.<br />
radialer Abtastfehler .{D} * see radial tracking error .{E}.<br />
radiant flux .{E} * The radiant energy emitted or received<br />
by a surface in a unit <strong>of</strong> time. It is measured in fractions <strong>of</strong><br />
a watt, usually microwatts.25. .{D= ?; Es= flujo energético;<br />
F= flux radiant; flux énergétique}.<br />
radiation ultra violet .{F} * see ultraviolet radiation .{E}.<br />
radio frequency (RF) .{E} * That part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> general<br />
frequency spectrum between audible sound and infrared<br />
light (about 10 kHz <strong>to</strong> 10,000,000 mHz).16. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
radi<strong>of</strong>recuencia; F= fréquence radio; fréquence radioélectrique}.<br />
radio network .{E} * see network.<br />
radio promo .{E} * A short message intended for radio
oadcast, advertising a radio programme.(12.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= anuncio; radiopromo; F= promo radio; annonce}.<br />
radio station .{E} * see broadcast station.<br />
radiocast .{E} * see broadcast.<br />
radiodiffusion .{F} * see broadcast .{E;F}.<br />
radi<strong>of</strong>recuencia .{Es} * see radio frequency (RF) .{E}.<br />
radiografía .{Es} * see radiograph .{E}.<br />
radiograph .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graph produced by <strong>the</strong> passage<br />
<strong>of</strong> radiation, such as X-rays, gamma-rays, or neutrons,<br />
through an opaque object.03. .{D= ?; Es= radiografía; F=<br />
radiographie}.<br />
radiographie .{F} * see radiograph .{E}.<br />
radiopromo .{Es} * see radio promo .{E}.<br />
radix .{E} * The number <strong>of</strong> symbols used in a number<br />
system.52. .{D= ?; Es= raíz; base; F= racine}.<br />
ráfaga múltiple .{Es} * see multiburst .{E}.<br />
rafale (signal test vidéo) .{F} * see multiburst .{E}.<br />
raideur .{F} * see stiffness .{E}.<br />
rail (de travelling) .{F} * see track .{E}.<br />
rain .{E} * 1) A television interference pattern consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
small vertical marks. 2) The vertical scratches on film; see<br />
also cinch marks; cinching.(10.) .{D= Regen; Es= lluvia;<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> de lluvia; F= effet de pluie; pluie (dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de<br />
l'image); rayures}.<br />
raíz .{Es} * see radix .{E}.<br />
ralenti .{F} * see slow motion; slow-scan .{E}.<br />
ralentí .{Es} * see Slo-mo; slow motion .{E}.<br />
RAM .{Es} * see random access memory (RAM) .{E}.<br />
RAMP .{E} * acronym for Records and Archives<br />
Management Programme.<br />
rampe .{F} * see float .{E}.<br />
Rand .{D} * see rim .{D;E}.<br />
random access .{E} * A means <strong>of</strong> locating and using data<br />
on an audiovisual carrier without audition or viewing<br />
surrounding signals.(35.) .{D= ?; Es= acceso alea<strong>to</strong>rio; F=<br />
accès aléa<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
random access memory (RAM) .{E} * 1) A memory chip<br />
used with microprocessors with which information can be<br />
read from and written in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> memory, but <strong>the</strong> contents<br />
are lost when <strong>the</strong> power supply is removed. 2) Any form <strong>of</strong><br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage in which <strong>the</strong> access time for any item <strong>of</strong> data is<br />
independent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data most recently<br />
obtained.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= memoria de acceso alea<strong>to</strong>rio;<br />
F= mémoire à accès aléa<strong>to</strong>ire}.<br />
random bit error .{E} * An error in a digital data stream in<br />
which only a few bits are lost. Such ge .{E}.<br />
ranura gruesa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
ranura rugosa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
ranura <strong>to</strong>sca .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
rapide .{F} * see fast .{E}.<br />
185<br />
rapide .{F}. sensible .{F}. see fast .{E}.<br />
rápido .{Es} * see fast .{E}.<br />
rapport (amplitude onde) porteuse sur bruit .{F} * see<br />
carrier-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio (CNR) .{D;E}.<br />
rapport d'erreurs .{F} * see error ratio .{E}.<br />
rapport de brillance .{F} * see brightness range .{E}.<br />
rapport de réduction .{F} * see reduction ratio .{E}.<br />
rapport de Strehl (optique) .{F} * see Strehl ratio .{E}.<br />
rapport hauteur/largeur de l'image .{F} * see aspect ratio<br />
.{E}.<br />
rapport signal .{F} * see dynamic range .{E}.<br />
rapport signal sur erreurs .{F} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-error ratio<br />
(SE) .{E}.<br />
rapport signal-bruit .{F} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio (S/N)<br />
.{E}.<br />
rare item .{E} * A desirable item (book, record, film, et al.),<br />
sufficiently difficult <strong>to</strong> find that it seldom, or at least only<br />
occasionally, becomes available. .{D= ?; Es= documen<strong>to</strong><br />
raro [único, precioso]; F= document rare}.<br />
rasguño .{Es} * see scrape .{E}.<br />
raspado .{Es} * see shaving .{E}.<br />
raspador (operario) .{Es} * see shaver .{E}.<br />
raspaduras de emulsión y mugre .{Es} * see buildup (3)<br />
.{E}.<br />
raster .{E} * The illuminated area <strong>of</strong> a CRT produced by <strong>the</strong><br />
scanning lines. .{D= ?; Es= trama; cuadrícula; entramado;<br />
F= plage balayée; partie visible de l'image TV}.<br />
raster graphics .{E} * Graphics based on a raster display<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> electron beam <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CRT scans each line in<br />
turn, illuminating only those points (pixels) where<br />
information is found. .{D= ?; Es= gráficas de tramas; F=<br />
graphiques de trames}.<br />
rastreo .{Es} * see tracing .{E}.<br />
Raubpressung .{D} * see piracy .<br />
Rauschpegel .{D} * see noise floor .{E}.<br />
Rauschunterdrückungssystem .{D} * see noise reduction<br />
.{E}.<br />
Rauschunterdrückung .{D} * see noise reduction .{E}.<br />
Rauschverminderer .{D} * see noise reduction .{E}.<br />
raw s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E} * Unexposed, unprocessed, and/or<br />
unrecorded pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film, pho<strong>to</strong>graphic paper,<br />
magnetic tape, or o<strong>the</strong>r recording material.(06.) .{D=<br />
Rohmaterial; Es= material virgen; F= pellicule vierge; film<br />
vierge}.<br />
rayado .{Es} * see scratch .{E}.<br />
rayado por aguja .{Es} * see needle run (NR) .{E}.<br />
rayo de luz .{Es} * see beam .{E}.<br />
rayon .{F} * see beam .{E}.<br />
rayonnage .{F} * see shelving .{E}.
ayonnage dense .{F} * see compact shelving .{E}.<br />
rayur * see scratch; .{E}.<br />
rayur{F} * see scratch removal; abrasion marks .{E}.<br />
rayures .{F} * see rain .{E}.<br />
rayures verticales .{F} * see lap marks .{E}.<br />
razón de estallido .{Es} * see burst ratio .{E}.<br />
RCA plug .{E} * see phono plug.<br />
ré-édition .{F} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.<br />
ré-embobinage .{F} * see rewinding .{E}.<br />
ré-exposition .{F} * see burned-in .{E}.<br />
re-pressing .{E} * In commercial record production, an<br />
additional pressing <strong>of</strong> recordings usually from <strong>the</strong> same<br />
stamper as <strong>the</strong> original pressing, although occasionally a<br />
different or duplicate stamper may be used. Such<br />
recordings may differ from <strong>the</strong> original pressings by having<br />
different labels, different logos, different imprints, different<br />
composition <strong>of</strong> materials, different recorded work/s on <strong>the</strong><br />
alternate side/s, and/or different packaging.(04.) .{D=<br />
?;Es= nuevo prensado; F= nouveau pressage}.<br />
reaction shot .{E} * A moving-image shot which cuts away<br />
from <strong>the</strong> main scene in order <strong>to</strong> show <strong>the</strong> reaction <strong>of</strong> a<br />
character <strong>to</strong> it; see also cut-away.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= plano<br />
de reacción; contracampo; plano de corte; F= plan de<br />
réaction; contrechamp; plan de coupe}.<br />
read .{E} * The non-destructive retrieval <strong>of</strong> data from a<br />
medium. .{D= resen; wiedergeben; Es= leer; dar lectura;<br />
descifrar; F= lire}.<br />
read-only-memory (ROM) .{E} * A memory from which<br />
data, after initial s<strong>to</strong>rage, may only be read. .{F= mémoire<br />
à lecture seule; Es= memoria ROM; memoria de lectura<br />
solamente / memoria de da<strong>to</strong>s fijos}.<br />
read-write-erase head .{E} * A three-gap magnetic head<br />
(read, write, and erase gaps) on one body (sometimes <strong>the</strong><br />
erase head is bolted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> read-write head).(46.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= cabez borradora de lectura y escritura; F= tête<br />
d'écriture-lecture}.<br />
reader .{E} * 1) A generic term for a person who uses<br />
library/archive materials regardless <strong>of</strong> how <strong>the</strong> medium<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are consulting are accessed; also known as user,<br />
researchers, and --dependent upon <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
being accessed-- as listener or viewer.(22.) 2) An<br />
electronic device that takes <strong>the</strong> time code signal and<br />
resolves it in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 80-bit code word in videotape editing.<br />
.{D= Benützer; Es= 1) lec<strong>to</strong>r; investigador; usario; 2)<br />
máquina lec<strong>to</strong>ra; F= chercheur; lecteur}.<br />
reader (micr<strong>of</strong>iche, -film, - form) .{E} * see micr<strong>of</strong>orm<br />
reader.<br />
reader/printer .{E} * A micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/fiche reader that has a<br />
hard copy printer attached <strong>to</strong> produce hard copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
data on <strong>the</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/fiche.(22.) .{D= Lese- und<br />
Rückvergrößerungsgerät; Es= apara<strong>to</strong> lec<strong>to</strong>r-impresor; F=<br />
lecteur/reproducteur de micr<strong>of</strong>ormes}.<br />
reading file .{E} * see chronological file.<br />
real image .{E} * In optics, an image <strong>of</strong> an object formed by<br />
converging light rays, which exists where it appears <strong>to</strong> be;<br />
see also virtual image.01. .{D= ?; Es= imagen real; F=<br />
image réelle}.<br />
real-time .{E} * Operation which is perceived <strong>to</strong> be<br />
186<br />
instantaneous <strong>to</strong> a user.39. .{D= Realtime; Es= tiempo<br />
real; F= en temps réel}.<br />
real-time operating system (RTOS) .{E} * An operating<br />
system for optical disc systems with real-time<br />
interaction.39. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de operación en tiempo<br />
real; F= opérations en temps réel (disques optiques)}.<br />
realce de imagen .{Es} * see image enhancement .{E}.<br />
realia .{E} * Three-dimensional objects such as museum<br />
materials, dioramas, models and samples.19. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
obje<strong>to</strong> en tres dimensiones; F= ?}.<br />
réalisateur .{F} * see direc<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es}.<br />
réalisation d'une matrice .{F} * see matrixing .{E}.<br />
realism .{E} * In moving-image productions, that attitude<br />
opposed <strong>to</strong> expressionism which emphasizes <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
as opposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> direc<strong>to</strong>r. Usually concerns <strong>to</strong>pics <strong>of</strong> a<br />
socially conscious nature, uses a minimal amount <strong>of</strong> 'technique';<br />
see also neorealism. .{D= ?; Es= realismo; F=<br />
réalisme}.<br />
réalisme .{F} * see realism .{E}.<br />
réalisme extrême ? .{F} * see minimal cinema .{E}.<br />
realismo .{Es} * see realism .{E}.<br />
realismo (cine) .{Es} * see minimal cinema .{E}.<br />
realización .{Es} * see implementation .{E;F}.<br />
Realtime .{D} * see real-time .{E}.<br />
realzador de imagen .{Es} * see image enhancer .{E}.<br />
rear projection .{E} * see back projection.<br />
rebobinado .{Es} * see rewinding; wind .{E}.<br />
reborde .{Es} * see flange .{E}; pitch (2) .{E}.<br />
recadrage .{F} * see crop .{E}.<br />
receiver .{E} * A term used <strong>to</strong> indicate an electronic device<br />
which receives ei<strong>the</strong>r broadcast radio or television signals.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= recep<strong>to</strong>r; F= récepteur}.<br />
receiving system .{E} * An information processing system<br />
which can read a set <strong>of</strong> files from a volume set which has<br />
been created by ano<strong>the</strong>r system for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> data<br />
interchange.20. .{D= ?; Es= sistema recep<strong>to</strong>r; F= système<br />
de réception; système récepteur}.<br />
recepción vía satélite .{Es} * see downlink .{E}.<br />
receptáculo .{Es} * see pocket .{E}.<br />
récepteur .{F} * see receiver .{E}.<br />
récepteur témoin .{F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r .{D;E}.<br />
récepteur témoin .{F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r .{D;E}.<br />
réception .{F} * see downlink .{E}.<br />
recep<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see receiver .{E}.<br />
recep<strong>to</strong>r-transmisor .{Es} * see transponder .{E}.<br />
recherche documentaire .{F} * see information retrieval<br />
.{E}.<br />
recherche documentaire .{F} * see retrieval .{E}.
Recherche .{D} * see retrieval .{E}.<br />
rechtlicher Wert .{D} * see legal value .{E}.<br />
recipiente .{Es} * see bin .{E}.<br />
recipiente estanco .{Es} * see seal pot .{E}.<br />
reciprocidad .{Es} * see reciprocity .{E}.<br />
réciprocité .{F} * see reciprocity .{E}.<br />
reciprocity .{E} * The relationship between light intensity<br />
and exposure time with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> exposure<br />
received by film. .{D= ?; Es= reciprocidad; F= réciprocité}.<br />
reciprocity effect .{E} * The phenomenon in film exposure<br />
and processing by which <strong>the</strong> relationship between exposure<br />
time and light intensity is nei<strong>the</strong>r constant nor linear.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= efec<strong>to</strong> de reciprocidad; F= effet de réciprocité}.<br />
reciprocity law .{E} * A principle <strong>of</strong> film exposure and<br />
processing that exposure equals intensity <strong>of</strong> light striking<br />
emulsion multi-plied by exposure time (e=it). .{D= ?; Es=<br />
ley de reciprocidad; F= loi de réciprocité}.<br />
recogida electrónica de noticias .{Es} * see electronic<br />
news ga<strong>the</strong>ring (ENG) .{E}.<br />
Recogida Electrónica de Noticias .{Es} * see ENG .{E}.<br />
recompilador .{Es} * see compiler .{E}.<br />
recon .{E} * abbreviation for retrospective conversion.<br />
reconditioning .{E} * Treatment <strong>of</strong> positive film prints with<br />
<strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong> removing oil, scratches, and/or abrasions<br />
from <strong>the</strong> surface.(06.) .{D= Regeneration; Es=<br />
regeneración; F= régénération; F/B =renovation}.<br />
reconstitution grandeur nature .{F} * see mock-up .{E}.<br />
recopilación .{Es} * see compilation .{E;F}.<br />
record .{E} * 1) An accumulation <strong>of</strong> information, regardless<br />
<strong>of</strong> form or medium created, received and maintained by an<br />
agency, institution, organization. 2) To register sound<br />
and/or video, as on a grooved disc or cylinder, on a<br />
magnetic tape, or on o<strong>the</strong>r media, so that it can be<br />
reproduced. 3) The artifact resulting from registering<br />
sound; also known as a sound recording. 4) To document,<br />
as on a graph. 5) In computer data processing, a unit <strong>of</strong><br />
data forming <strong>the</strong> basic element <strong>of</strong> a file and consisting, in<br />
turn, <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> inter-lated data fields.(22.20.) .{D= 1)<br />
Dokument; Registraturgut; Schriftgut; 2) aufnahmen; 3)<br />
Aufnahme; Schallplatte; Bericht; Tonaufzeichnung; 4) ?; 5)<br />
Datensatz; Es= 1) archivo; documen<strong>to</strong>; testimonio; 2 y 3)<br />
disco; cinta (sonoros); grabación sonora; impresión<br />
sonora; 4) registro (de da<strong>to</strong>s); 5) da<strong>to</strong>/s; F= 1) documents<br />
d'archives; archives; 2/3) enregistrement sonore; 5)<br />
enregistrement}.<br />
record changer .{E} * A mechanism for playing audio discs<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matically; also known as a changer. .{D=<br />
Plattenwechsler; Es= <strong>to</strong>cadiscos au<strong>to</strong>mático; cambiador<br />
de discos; F= changeur de disc}.<br />
record label .{E} * see label.<br />
record margin .{E} * In magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> change in<br />
signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio achieved by reducing <strong>the</strong> record level<br />
from optimum while maintaining <strong>the</strong> reproduce level<br />
constant <strong>to</strong> reach a specific bit error rate.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
reducción de ruido; F= réduction de bruit (enr. mag.<br />
numérique)}.<br />
record <strong>of</strong>fice .{E} * see archives.<br />
187<br />
record series .{E} * In archives, a group <strong>of</strong> records<br />
maintained as a unit because <strong>the</strong>y relate <strong>to</strong> a particular<br />
subject or function, result from <strong>the</strong> same activity, have a<br />
particular form, or because <strong>of</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>r relationship<br />
arising out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir creation, receipt, or use, and intended<br />
<strong>to</strong> be kept <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in a definite arrange-ment.40. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= unidad de registros [grabaciones]; F= unité<br />
d'enregistrements; séries des disques}.<br />
recorder .{E} * 1) A device for making a record, such as for<br />
incising a pattern <strong>of</strong> analogue sound waves in a groove on<br />
a disc, cylinder, or o<strong>the</strong>r recording media (also known as<br />
a cutter) or for placing magnetic charges in<strong>to</strong> magnetic<br />
media. 2) The person who makes a recording. 3) The<br />
pieces <strong>of</strong> equipment on an acoustic recording machine<br />
which receives <strong>the</strong> sound waves directed <strong>to</strong> it by a<br />
recording horn, and which, in turn, directed <strong>the</strong> vibrations<br />
on<strong>to</strong> a diaphragm <strong>to</strong> which was attached, directly or<br />
remotely, a cutting stylus.(14.) .{D= 1) Aufnahmegerät; 2 -<br />
3) ?; Es= registro; apara<strong>to</strong> de registro; técnico de registro;<br />
F= appareil enregistreur; enregisteur}.<br />
recording channel .{E} * see channel.<br />
recording head .{E} * A device on a magnetic tape recorder<br />
which converts signals from a source <strong>to</strong> magnetic fields<br />
that magnetize <strong>the</strong> oxide particles on magnetic tape, thus<br />
'recording' <strong>the</strong> impulse on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape.(04.) .{D=<br />
Aufnahmekopf; Sprechkopf; Es= cabeza registradora<br />
[grabadora]; F= tête d'enregistrement}.<br />
recording horn .{E} * A conical device, without bell or flare,<br />
made <strong>of</strong> a heavier gauge metal than for <strong>the</strong> reproducing<br />
horn, used <strong>to</strong> direct <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorder and, hence,<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> diaphragm for an acoustical recording.(14.) .{D=<br />
Aufnahmetrichter; Es= palanquita de registro [grabación];<br />
trompa [bocina] de registro [grabación]; F= pavillon<br />
d'enregistrement}.<br />
recording hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph .{E} * A device for measspecified<br />
period, normally 24 hours, seven days, or 30<br />
days. The charts are divided in<strong>to</strong> two fields, one for<br />
recording temperature and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r for relative<br />
humidity.(07.) .{D= ?; Es= termohigrógrafo registrador (de<br />
da<strong>to</strong>s); F= <strong>the</strong>rmohydrographe}.<br />
recording layer .{E} * In optical digital disc media, <strong>the</strong> layer<br />
on or in which <strong>the</strong> digital data is recorded.46. .{D=<br />
Aufnahmeschicht; Es= capa [recubrimien<strong>to</strong>] de registro; F=<br />
couche d'enregistrement}.<br />
recording session .{E} * The meeting or series <strong>of</strong> meetings<br />
at which a given recording is made. .{D= Aufnahmesitzung;<br />
Es= sesión de grabación; F= session d'enregistrement;<br />
scéance d'enregistrement}.<br />
recording stylus .{E} * see stylus.<br />
recording tube .{E} * A flexible tube <strong>of</strong> about 15-inches in<br />
length with a vulcanite mouthpiece used for speaking as<br />
directly as possible in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording apparatus <strong>of</strong> cylinder<br />
machines.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= tubo de registro [grabación];<br />
F= tube d'enregistrement}.<br />
recording zone .{E} * An annular (e.g., a thin outer ring)<br />
subset <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> optical beam accessible zone <strong>of</strong> an optical<br />
disc available <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> user for data s<strong>to</strong>rage.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
zona de grabación [registro]; F= zone d'enregistrement}.<br />
Recording Industry Association <strong>of</strong> America (RIaa)<br />
.{D;E;Es;F} * A non-pr<strong>of</strong>it trade association founded in<br />
1952 <strong>to</strong> work for <strong>the</strong> interests and betterment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound<br />
recording industry in <strong>the</strong> United States. Members are<br />
companies which create, manufacture, and market sound<br />
recordings; established <strong>the</strong> RIAA curve.(04.)<br />
records centre container/car<strong>to</strong>n .{E} * A corrugated<br />
cardboard box designed <strong>to</strong> hold one cubic foot <strong>of</strong> records,
ei<strong>the</strong>r legal or letter size, and used chiefly in records<br />
centres.07. .{D= ?; Es= ycaja; contenedor de<br />
almacenamien<strong>to</strong> de grabaciones (discos; cintas); F=<br />
boîte/car<strong>to</strong>n de s<strong>to</strong>ckage de disques}.<br />
recortar .{Es} * see crop .{E}.<br />
recourbé .{F} * see buckle .{E}.<br />
recouvrement .{F} * see crossover .{E}.<br />
rectificación de error .{Es} * see error correction .{E}.<br />
rectificación de errores .{Es} * see error detection and<br />
correction .{E}; error detection and correction code (EDDC)<br />
.{E}.<br />
recubr-halo .{Es} * see rem jet .{E}.<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong> (magnético o en disolución) .{Es} * see<br />
stripe .{E}.<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong> de protección .{Es} * see protective layer<br />
.{E}.<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong> de registro .{Es} * see recording layer .{E}.<br />
recubrimien<strong>to</strong>s conductivas .{Es} * see conductive<br />
coatings .{E}.<br />
recuperación de la información .{Es} * see information<br />
retrieval .{E}.<br />
recuperación de la plata .{Es} * see silver recovery .{E}.<br />
recuperación documental .{Es} * see retrieval .{E}.<br />
récupération de l'argent .{F} * see silver recovery .{E}.<br />
recycled vinyl .{E} * Vinyl made in a range <strong>of</strong> qualities from<br />
previously used polyvinyl materials. .{D= ?; Es= vinilo<br />
reciclado; F= vinyle recyclé}.<br />
red .{Es} * see network .{E}.<br />
red difrac<strong>to</strong>ra .{Es}. * see diffraction grating .{E}.<br />
red etérea .{Es} * see e<strong>the</strong>rnet .{E}.<br />
Red Book .{D;E} * The specification book for <strong>the</strong> AD-DA<br />
specifica-tion, so named for <strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> binding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
book. .{F= Livre Rouge; Es= Libro Rojo}.<br />
red-green-blue (RGB) .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> video colour output<br />
<strong>to</strong> a display consisting <strong>of</strong> separate signals for red, green<br />
and blue--an alternative <strong>to</strong> composite video.39. When<br />
RGB signals are separate <strong>the</strong>y are referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
"component" signals. .{D= rot-grün-blau; Es= rojo-verdeazul;<br />
F= rouge-vert-bleu}.<br />
redistribución .{Es} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.<br />
reducción de la señal de audio .{Es} * see fade (3) .{E}.<br />
reducción de parási<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see noise reduction .{E}.<br />
reducción de ruido .{Es} * see noise reduction .{E}.<br />
reducer .{E} * in developing pho<strong>to</strong>graphic and movingimage<br />
materi-als, a chemical agent for reducing <strong>the</strong><br />
density <strong>of</strong> images on materials sensitized with silver<br />
gelatin.01. .{D= ?; Es= reduc<strong>to</strong>r; agente reduc<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
réducteur (dev. pho<strong>to</strong> et film); agent réducteur}.<br />
réducteur (dev. pho<strong>to</strong> et film) .{F} * see reducer .{E}.<br />
reduction negative .{E} * see reduction printing.<br />
188<br />
reduction print .{E} * see reduction printing.<br />
reduction printing .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> producing and<br />
recording pho<strong>to</strong>graphically a smaller image usually on a<br />
smaller film format from a larger image. Film thus made is<br />
referred <strong>to</strong> as a reduction negative or a reduction print.09.<br />
.{D= verkleinert Kopieren; Es= positivado por redución;<br />
tiraje por reducción; F= tirage par réduction}.<br />
réduction de balayage sur un écran vidéo .{F} * see<br />
underscan .{E}.<br />
réduction de bruit .{F} * see noise reduction .{E}.<br />
réduction de bruit (enr. mag. numérique) .{F} * see record<br />
margin .{E}.<br />
réduction de niveau .{F} * see dropout .{E}.<br />
reduc<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see reducer .{E}.<br />
Reed-Solomon code .{E} * see cross interleave Reed-<br />
Solomon code.<br />
reedición .{Es} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.<br />
reel .{E} * 1) The flanged hub, or spool, made <strong>of</strong> various<br />
materials (i.e., metal, glass, plastic, or combinations) for<br />
holding recorded tape, film, or similar strip materials. 2)<br />
The resulting roll <strong>of</strong> such materials.(01.22.06.) .{D= 1)<br />
Spule; 2) Rolle; Filmrolle; Es= 1) carrete; 2) rollo; F= 1)<br />
bobine; 2) rouleau}.<br />
reel flange .{E} * The sides for a reel <strong>of</strong> tape or motion<br />
picture or micr<strong>of</strong>ilm. Pr<strong>of</strong>essional 10½-inch and 14-inch<br />
tape reels have flanges mounted on NAB hubs.04. .{D=<br />
Flansch; Es= pestaña del carrete [rollo]; F= flasque /joue<br />
de bobine; collet de bobine}.<br />
reel pack .{E} * A term denoting <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> wind <strong>of</strong> film<br />
or tape on a reel or hub.(06.) .{D= Wickelfestigkeit; Wickel;<br />
Spulstärke; Es= bobinado; F= bobinage}.<br />
reel <strong>to</strong> reel .{E} * The playback, rewinding, or recording<br />
from one reel or spool <strong>of</strong> film or tape <strong>to</strong> a separate take-up<br />
reel or spool.(19.) .{D= Spulengeräte; Es= bobina a<br />
bobina; bobinado libre; F= bobine libre; bobine à bobine}.<br />
reeling .{E} * The operation <strong>of</strong> winding materials on<strong>to</strong> a<br />
reel.08. .{D= ?; Es= bobinado; F= bobinage}.<br />
réenregistrement .{F} * see dub .{E}.<br />
réenregistrement (son) .{F} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
reference .{E} * In reference <strong>to</strong> a bibliographic entry, a<br />
direction from one heading or entry <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.(12.) .{D=<br />
Referenz; Bezug-; Standard; ?; Es= referencia; F=<br />
référence}.<br />
reference copy .{E} * 1) A clone, imitation, or duplicate<br />
copy <strong>of</strong> an item which is available for use purposes. 2) A<br />
copy used as a reference against which <strong>the</strong> performances<br />
<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r copies are compared; in motion picture parlance,<br />
also known as reference print.(46.) .{D= Referenz; Es=<br />
copia de referencia; copia de consulta; F= copie de<br />
réference}.<br />
reference film .{E} * see reference copy.<br />
reference micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E} * The use <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilming <strong>to</strong><br />
facilitate reference service.23. .{D= Verfilmung für<br />
Benutzungszwecke; Benützung-sverfilmung; Es=<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación de consulta; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de référence;<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de communication}.<br />
reference plane .{E} * On optical disc media, <strong>the</strong> layer<br />
normal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> axis <strong>of</strong> rotation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc drive spindle
defined by <strong>the</strong> contact surface with <strong>the</strong> disc drive.(46.) .{D=<br />
Bezugsebene; Bezugfläche; Es= plano de referencia; F=<br />
plan de référence}.<br />
reference print .{E} * 1) A motion picture film release<br />
copy/print that is retained as a comparison for subsequent<br />
prints. 2) A clone, imitation, or duplicate copy <strong>of</strong> an item<br />
which is available for research or reference use; also<br />
known as a reference copy; see also print. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
copia [impresión] de referencia; F= copie de référence}.<br />
reference tape .{E} * see reference copy.<br />
référence .{F} * see reference .{E}.<br />
referencia .{Es} * see reference .{E}.<br />
referencias (con tiras de papel) de secuencias .{Es} * see<br />
paper marks (1) .{E}.<br />
Referenz .{D} * see reference; reference copy .{E}.<br />
refilmer .{F} * see retake .{E}.<br />
reflectance .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> light<br />
reflected from a surface, as compared with <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong><br />
light incident upon <strong>the</strong> surface. Reflectance is a property<br />
<strong>of</strong> opaque materials, such as paper. Reflectance is<br />
measured with a reflection densi<strong>to</strong>me-ter. The values are<br />
compared with those on a reflectance test target <strong>to</strong> arrive<br />
at a relative measure <strong>of</strong> reflectance; see also reflected<br />
light.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= reflectancia; fac<strong>to</strong>r de reflexión; F=<br />
facteur de réflexion; réflexion de la lumière}.<br />
reflectance test target .{E} * see reflectance.<br />
reflectancia .{Es} * see reflectance .{E}.<br />
reflectancia del nivel de base .{Es} * see baseline<br />
reflectivity .{E}.<br />
reflected light .{E} * A light which leaves <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
object at approximately 45 degrees; see also<br />
reflectance.(42.) .{D= ?; Es= luz reflejada; F= lumière<br />
réfléchie}.<br />
réflecteur parapluie .{F} * see umbrella .{E}.<br />
reflection densi<strong>to</strong>meter .{E} * see densi<strong>to</strong>meter.<br />
reflection density .{E} * see density.<br />
reflec<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see governor .{E}.<br />
reflec<strong>to</strong>r cóncavo .{Es} * see scoop .{E}.<br />
reflec<strong>to</strong>r de sonido .{Es} * see gobo .{E}.<br />
reflejar .{Es} * see imager .{E}.<br />
reflejo de la luz que entra en un objetivo .{Es} * see bloom<br />
(3) .{E}.<br />
reflex camera .{E} * A camera which incorporates a<br />
mirrored shutter and prisms so that <strong>the</strong> cameraman can<br />
observe <strong>the</strong> scene through <strong>the</strong> same lens through which<br />
<strong>the</strong> film 'sees' <strong>the</strong> scene, <strong>the</strong>reby eliminating problems <strong>of</strong><br />
parallax dis<strong>to</strong>rtion and greatly enhancing <strong>the</strong> cameraman's<br />
ability <strong>to</strong> judge <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene. Almost all<br />
cameras used <strong>to</strong>day are reflex cameras.30. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
cámara reflex; F= caméra (à vidée) réflex; camera réflexe}.<br />
réflexivité du disque vierge .{F} * see baseline reflectivity<br />
.{E}.<br />
refractive index .{E} * see index <strong>of</strong> refraction.<br />
refuerzo de los (sonidos) agudos .{Es} * see treble boost<br />
189<br />
.{E}.<br />
Regal .{D} * see bay .{E}; shelf .{E}; shelving .{E}.<br />
Regalanlange .{D} * see shelving .{E}.<br />
Regalbrett .{D} * see shelf .{E}.<br />
Regaleinheit .{D} * see bay .{E}.<br />
Regalmeter .{D} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.<br />
Regen .{D} * see rain .{E}.<br />
regeneracion .{Es} * see reconditioning .{E}.<br />
Regeneration .{D} * see reconditioning; res<strong>to</strong>ration .{E}.<br />
régénération synchro .{F} * see jam sync .{E}.<br />
régimen de muestreo .{Es} * see sampling rate .{E}.<br />
Regisseur .{D} * see direc<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es}.<br />
register .{E} * 1) The exact alignment <strong>of</strong> colour plates in <strong>the</strong><br />
colour separation process, or any o<strong>the</strong>r printing images. 2)<br />
An area <strong>of</strong> a computer memory designed for specific<br />
function/s. 3) The range <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human voice or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
instrument. 4) To stabilize a film in a camera or projec<strong>to</strong>r<br />
gate.(10.) 5) The action <strong>of</strong> aligning <strong>the</strong> electron beams in<br />
a colour video camera. .{D= ?; Es= registro; archivo;<br />
contador; F= aligner; registre}.<br />
registrador [grabador] a distancia .{Es} * see telerecorder<br />
(2) .{E}.<br />
registradora tipo C .{Es} * see type C recorder .{E}.<br />
registrar .{Es} * see write .{E}.<br />
registration .{E} * 1) The accurate alignment <strong>of</strong> two or more<br />
images on separate animation cels. 2) The accurate<br />
relationship <strong>of</strong> a camera and <strong>the</strong> animation cel being<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed. 3) The accurate alignment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three<br />
electron guns in a television camera or receiver.(10.) .{D=<br />
?; Es= registro; asien<strong>to</strong>; lectura; indicación; F= alignement<br />
(images animées); positionnement; alignement (faisceaux<br />
d'électrons); enregistrement}.<br />
registration pin .{E} * A protruding metal point or pin in a<br />
camera mechanism that engages <strong>the</strong> film perforations;<br />
sometimes called pilot pins and register pins.(10.) .{D=<br />
Sperrgreifer; Es= contragarfio; F= contre-griffe}.<br />
Registraturgut .{D} * see record .{E}.<br />
registre .{F} * see register .{E}.<br />
régistre par approximations successives .{F} * see<br />
successive approximation register (SAR) .{E}.<br />
registro .{Es} * see recorder .{E}.<br />
registro (de da<strong>to</strong>s) .{Es} * see record (4) .{E}.<br />
registro (magnet<strong>of</strong>ónico) en hilo .{Es} * see wire recording<br />
.{E}.<br />
registro de aproximación sucesiva .{Es} * see successive<br />
approximation register (SAR) .{E}.<br />
registro de los derechos de au<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see copyright<br />
registration .{E}.<br />
registro de los intérpretes principales .{Es} * see created<br />
roll (CR) .{E}.<br />
registro descrip<strong>to</strong>r de ficheros .{Es} * see file descrip<strong>to</strong>r
ecord .{E}.<br />
registro en mdia pista .{Es} * see half-track recorder .{E}.<br />
registro magnético de una sola pista .{Es} * see single<br />
track recorder .{E}.<br />
regla .{Es} * see straight edge .{E}.<br />
regla luminosa para comprobación de daños en<br />
dispositivas .{Es} * see light damage slide rule .{E}.<br />
réglage .{F} * see alignment .{E}.<br />
réglage couleurs système additif (vid) .{F} * see trim setting<br />
.{E}.<br />
réglage d'azimut .{F} * see azimuth adjustment .{E}.<br />
réglage d'exposition .{F} * see exposure setting .{E}.<br />
réglage de <strong>to</strong>nalité .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>ne control .{E}.<br />
réglage des têtes .{F} * see head alignment .{E}.<br />
reglaje exac<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see tracking (1) .{D;E}.<br />
règle .{F} * see standard .{E}.<br />
réglege de <strong>to</strong>nalité .{E} * see <strong>to</strong>ne control .{E}.<br />
Regler .{D} * see fader .{E}.<br />
regrabación .{Es} * see over-dub .{E}; rerecording .{E}.<br />
régulateur à boules .{F} * see flywheel .{E}.<br />
rehabilitation .{E} * see preservation.<br />
Reibungskoeffifient .{D} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction .{E}.<br />
Reihe .{D} * see row .{E}.<br />
Reinigung .{D} * see cleaning .{E}.<br />
Reinigungsband .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.<br />
Reinigungsfilm .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.<br />
Reinigungskassette .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.<br />
Reinraum .{D} * see clean room .{E}.<br />
Reißfestigkeit .{D} * see tensile strength .{E}.<br />
Reißlast .{D} * see breaking strength .{E}.<br />
reissue .{E} * see rerelease/reissue.<br />
rejilla .{Es} * see grid .{E;F}.<br />
rejilla difrac<strong>to</strong>ra .{Es} * see diffraction grating .{E}.<br />
relación .{Es} * see list .{E}; related body .{E}.<br />
relación de entrega .{Es} * see checklist .{E}.<br />
relación de frecuencia de fo<strong>to</strong>gramas .{Es} * see frame<br />
frequency rate .{E}.<br />
relación de transferencia .{Es} * see checklist .{E}.<br />
relación portadora-ruido .{Es} * see carrier-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio<br />
(CNR) .{D;E}.<br />
relación señal-error .{Es} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-error ratio (SE)<br />
.{E}.<br />
190<br />
relación señal-ruido .{Es} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio (S/N)<br />
.{E}.<br />
relais optique .{F} * see light valve .{E}.<br />
related body .{E} * A corporate body that has a relation <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r body o<strong>the</strong>r than a hierarchical relation (e.g., one<br />
that is founded but not controlled by ano<strong>the</strong>r body; one that<br />
only receives financial support from ano<strong>the</strong>r body; one that<br />
provides financial and/or o<strong>the</strong>r types <strong>of</strong> assistance <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r body, such as a 'friends' group; one whose<br />
members have also membership in or an association with<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r body, such as employees' associations and alumni<br />
associations).03. .{D= ?; Es= relación; F= relation}.<br />
related title .{E} * In relation bibliographic citations, <strong>the</strong><br />
name <strong>of</strong> a separate work upon which <strong>the</strong> item being<br />
cataloged is based, or which has some o<strong>the</strong>r established<br />
connection with it.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título de referencia; F=<br />
?}.<br />
relation .{F} * see related body .{E}.<br />
relative Feuchtigkeit .{D} * see relative humidity (R/H) .{E}.<br />
releaser .{E} * The agent or agency responsible for <strong>the</strong><br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> moving-image work.12. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
distribuidor; F= distributeur; échappement}.<br />
relief image .{E} * An image which shows a threedimensional<br />
quality between <strong>the</strong> shadows and <strong>the</strong><br />
highlights, and which swells when spot-tested with<br />
water.35; see also flat image. .{D= ?; Es= imagen en<br />
relieve; F= image en relief}.<br />
relief sonore .{F} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.<br />
reloj .{Es} * see clock .{E}.<br />
reluctance microphone .{E} * Inexpensive electro-magnetic<br />
(variable reluctance) type microphone supplied with many<br />
tape recorders which is extremely rugged and durable but<br />
generally not as high quality as crystal or ceramic types.<br />
Employs a metal 'wand' which moves in a magnetic field <strong>to</strong><br />
produce varying voltages.16. .{D= ?; Es= micrófono de<br />
reluctancia variable; F= microphone à réluctance}.<br />
rem jet .{E} * An antihalation layer on <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film<br />
base which is removed during processing.09. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
capa [recubrimien<strong>to</strong>] anti-halo; F= revêtement anti-halo}.<br />
remake .{E;Es;F} * A later audio and/or moving-image<br />
production, with different credits, script, and or cast, <strong>of</strong> a<br />
work previously filmed or recorded.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= nueva<br />
versión; F= nouvelle version; refaire}.<br />
remanence .{E;F} * The induction, in lines <strong>of</strong> flux per unit<br />
width <strong>of</strong> tape, which remains when <strong>the</strong> magnetizing field is<br />
reduced <strong>to</strong> zero from a level producing saturation. A figure<br />
<strong>of</strong> merit for magnetic tape indicative <strong>of</strong> relative output,<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion, and response at low frequencies (long wave<br />
lengths).16. The magnetic flux density that remains in a<br />
magnetic circuit after removal <strong>of</strong> applied magne<strong>to</strong>moti-ve<br />
force; see also retentivity.46. .{D= Remanenz; Es=<br />
remanencia}.<br />
rémanence .{F} * see retentivity .{E}.<br />
remanencia .{Es} * see remanence .{E;F}.<br />
Remanenz .{D} * see remanence .{E;F}.<br />
rembobinage .{F} * see wind .{E}.<br />
remote access (computer files) .{E} * The use <strong>of</strong> computer<br />
files via input/output devices connected electronically <strong>to</strong> a<br />
computer; see also direct access (computer files).03. .{D=<br />
?; Es= aceso a distancia (archivos de ordenador); F=
accès à distance}.<br />
rendimien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see output .{E}.<br />
renforcement des sons aigus .{F} * see triacetate .{E}.<br />
renforcement des sons aigus{F} * see treble boost .{E}.<br />
rénovation .{F} * see reconditioning .{E}.<br />
repairing .{E} * The partial rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> a worn item, <strong>the</strong><br />
amount <strong>of</strong> work done being less than <strong>the</strong> minimum<br />
involved in res<strong>to</strong>ring and more than <strong>the</strong> maximum involved<br />
in mending.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= restauración; reparación;<br />
subsanación; F= réparation}.<br />
reparación .{Es} -over cue .{E}.<br />
repère de changement de bobine .{F} * see change-over<br />
cue .{E}.<br />
repère de départ .{F} * see start mark .{E}.<br />
repère de positionnement .{F} * see cue .{E}.<br />
repère de positionnement .{F}. <strong>to</strong>p .{E}.<br />
repères de séquences .{F} * see paper marks .{E}.<br />
réper<strong>to</strong>ire .{F} * see direc<strong>to</strong>ry .{E}.<br />
réper<strong>to</strong>ire chronologique .{F} * see chronological inven<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
.{E}.<br />
réper<strong>to</strong>ire numérique détaillé .{F} * see descriptive list .{E}.<br />
Reper<strong>to</strong>rium .{D} * see descriptive list; inven<strong>to</strong>ry .{E}.<br />
repetición de pixel .{Es} * see pixel repeat .{E}.<br />
repetidor .{Es} * see transponder .{E}.<br />
repetidor (proceso de reproducción de fo<strong>to</strong>s con vídeo)<br />
.{Es} * see telop .{E}.<br />
repetidor de vídeo de cinta sin fin .{Es} * see isolated<br />
camera .{E}.<br />
répétition de pixel .{F} * see pixel repeat .{E}.<br />
repicado sonido .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
repiquage .{F} * see dubbing; transfer .{E}.<br />
repiquage .{F}. see dubbing .{E}.<br />
repl-video .{Es} * see film-<strong>to</strong>-tape transfer .{E}.<br />
replacement cost .{E} * The cost <strong>of</strong> replacing <strong>the</strong> damaged<br />
property without a depreciation deduction.55. .{D=<br />
Ersatzkosten; Es= coste de reemplazamien<strong>to</strong> [de<br />
sustitución]; F= coût de remplacement}.<br />
replicado cine-vídeo .{Es} * see film-<strong>to</strong>-tape transfer .{E}.<br />
repliement .{F} * see aliasing .{E}.<br />
réponse fréquentielle .{F} * see frequency response .{E}.<br />
reportage télévisuel (JET) .{F} * see electronic news<br />
ga<strong>the</strong>ring (ENG) .{E}.<br />
Reportage-Film .{D} * see newsreel .{E}.<br />
reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.<br />
représentation .{F} * see artifact; exhibition .{E}.<br />
191<br />
reprise .{F} * see rerelease/reissue; retake .{E}.<br />
reproducción .{Es} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F};<br />
reproduction .{E;F}.<br />
reproducción arquitectónica .{Es} * see architectural<br />
rendering .{E}.<br />
reproducción de una obra de arte .{Es} * see art<br />
reproduction .{E}.<br />
reproducción instantánea .{Es} * see instant replay .{E}.<br />
reproducer .{E} * A small instrument attached <strong>to</strong> an<br />
acoustical disc or cylinder audio machine for converting<br />
<strong>the</strong> sound waves on <strong>the</strong> record in<strong>to</strong> audible materials,<br />
accomplished by means <strong>of</strong> a stylus linked or attached <strong>to</strong> a<br />
diaphragm suspended inside <strong>the</strong> reproducer's casing; <strong>the</strong><br />
resulting signal was <strong>the</strong>n amplified by its attached horn;<br />
also known as a speaker; <strong>the</strong> reproducer on a<br />
gramophone was known as <strong>the</strong> sound box; see also floatifoa-ting<br />
reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
système de reproduction; lecteur; défileur}.<br />
reproducing horn .{E} * A conical device, usually with a bell<br />
or flare, for amplifying sound from <strong>the</strong> reproducer or<br />
soundbox <strong>of</strong> an acoustical recording. Such devices were<br />
preceded by hearing tubes, not being generally adopted<br />
for listening <strong>to</strong> sound recordings until <strong>the</strong> mid-1890s,<br />
although <strong>the</strong> Berliner gramophones had small papiermaché<br />
horns from <strong>the</strong>ir inception. Reproducing horns were<br />
generally made <strong>of</strong> brass or sheet metal <strong>of</strong> a lighter gauge<br />
than for recording horns, rolled or spun in<strong>to</strong> a cone with a<br />
brass, copper, or aluminium flare, and were available in<br />
sizes up <strong>to</strong> 56-inches in length.(14.) .{D= Wiedergabe-<br />
Trichter; Es= altavoz en forma de trompa (gramófonos); F=<br />
pavillon de reproduction}.<br />
reproducing stylus .{E} * see stylus.<br />
reproduction .{E;F} * An exact copy <strong>of</strong> a document in<br />
content and form but not necessarily in size and<br />
appearance. 2) The process <strong>of</strong> playing recorded signals;<br />
also known as playback.(22.06.) .{D= 1) Reproduktion; 2)<br />
Wiedergabe; Es= reproducción}.<br />
reproduction .{F} * see also playback .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
reproduction de l'oeuvre artistique .{F} * see art<br />
reproduction .{E}.<br />
reproduction instantanée .{F} * see instant replay .{E}.<br />
reproduc<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see player; reproducer .{E}.<br />
reproduc<strong>to</strong>r de cinta (magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica) .{Es} * see tape<br />
player .{E}.<br />
reproduc<strong>to</strong>r de vídeo y CD-I .{Es} * see omni-player .{E}.<br />
reproduc<strong>to</strong>r flotante .{Es} * see floating reproducer .{E}.<br />
reproduc<strong>to</strong>r semiflotante .{Es} * see semi-floating<br />
reproducer .{E}.<br />
Reproduktion .{D} * see reproduction .{E;F}.<br />
reprografía .{Es} * see reprography .{E}.<br />
reprographie .{F} * see reprography .{E}.<br />
Reprographie .{D} * see reprography .{E}.<br />
reprography .{E} * A general term for <strong>of</strong>fice copying, etc.,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> reproduction <strong>of</strong> printed, typed, or handwritten<br />
material by processes o<strong>the</strong>r than printing or pho<strong>to</strong>graphy,<br />
encom-passing virtually all processes for copying or<br />
reproduction using light, heat, or electrical radiation,
including microreproduction.(08.40.22.) .{D=<br />
Reprographie; Es= reprografía; F= reprographie}.<br />
rerecording .{E} * A dubbing or copy <strong>of</strong> a recording.(04.)<br />
.{D= Rerecording; Übertragung; Überspielung; Es= nuevo<br />
registro; regrabación; transferencia de sonido; F=<br />
réenregistrement (son); réenregistrement; repiquage}.<br />
Rerecording .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
resalte de una curva .{Es} * see shoulder .{E}.<br />
réseau .{F} * see diffraction grating .{E}.<br />
réseau (radio-télévision) .{F} * see network .{E}.<br />
réseau quadrillé .{F} * see graticule .{E}.<br />
resen .{D} * see read .{E}.<br />
reserva .{Es} * see confidentiality .{E}.<br />
reserva alcalina .{Es} * see alkaline reserve .{E}; buffering<br />
.{E}.<br />
Reserve .{D} * see alkaline reserve .{E}.<br />
réservoir .{F} * see bin .{E}.<br />
résidu de bromures .{F} * see bromide drag .{E}.<br />
residual hypo .{E} * see residual thiosulphate ion.<br />
residual hypo test .{E} * A chemical test for <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />
hypo remaining on pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or paper after<br />
washing. Testing methods include methylene blue and<br />
silver densi<strong>to</strong>metric.01. .{D= ?; Es= prueba de residuos de<br />
tiosulfa<strong>to</strong>; F= ?}.<br />
residual magnetic erase .{E} * see residual erase signal.<br />
residual thiosulphate .{E} * see residual thiosulphate ion.<br />
residual thiosulphate ion .{E} * Ammonium or sodium<br />
thiosulphate (hypo) remaining in pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film or<br />
paper after washing. Synonymous with residual hypo.(40.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= iones residuales de tiosulfa<strong>to</strong>; F= ion de<br />
thiosulfate résiduel}.<br />
residuos de bromuro .{Es} * see bromide drag .{E}.<br />
residuos de polvo de cinta magnética .{Es} * see bloom (2)<br />
.{E}.<br />
residuos del desgaste (de la cinta de vídeo) .{Es} * see<br />
wear product .{E}.<br />
resina acrílica .{Es} * see acrylic resin .{E}.<br />
résine acrylique .{F} * see acrylic resin .{E}.<br />
resistance .{E} * 1) The property <strong>of</strong> a material that impedes<br />
<strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> current. The unit <strong>of</strong> resistance is <strong>the</strong> ohm and<br />
is deter-mined by dividing <strong>the</strong> voltage in a circuit by <strong>the</strong><br />
current.10. .{D= Wiederstand; Es= resistencia; F=<br />
résistance}.<br />
résistance .{F} * see resistance .{E}.<br />
résistance (électrique) du revêtement .{F} * see coating<br />
resistance .{E}.<br />
résistance à l'éclatement .{F} * see bursting strength .{E}.<br />
résistance à la déchirure .{F} * see tearing resistance .{E}.<br />
résistance à la rupture .{F} * see impact strength .{E}.<br />
192<br />
résistance au pliage .{F} * see folding endurance .{E}.<br />
résistance chauffante .{F} * see tacking iron .{E}.<br />
resistencia .{Es} * see resistance .{E}; resis<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
resistencia a la tensión .{Es} * see tensile strength .{E}.<br />
resistencia a la tracción .{Es} * see tensile strength .{E}.<br />
resistencia al desgarro .{Es} * see tearing resistance .{E}.<br />
resistencia al estallido .{Es} * see bursting strength .{E}.<br />
resistencia al impac<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see impact strength .{E}.<br />
resistencia al pegado .{Es} * see folding endurance .{E}.<br />
resistencia al peso de una balda .{Es} * see shelf load .{E}.<br />
resistencia del revestimien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see coating resistance<br />
.{E}.<br />
resis<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es} * A device which impedes <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong><br />
electric current.10. .{D= Widerstand; Es= resistencia; F=<br />
résis<strong>to</strong>r}.<br />
résis<strong>to</strong>r .{F} * see resis<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
resolución .{Es} * see resolution (1) .{E}.<br />
resolución de la imagen .{Es} * see image resolution .{E}.<br />
resolución de pixel .{Es} * see pixel depth .{E}.<br />
resolución horizontal .{Es} * see horizontal resolution .{E};<br />
resolution, horizontal .{E}.<br />
resolución vertical .{Es} * see resolution, vertical .{E};<br />
vertical resolution .{E}.<br />
resolution .{E} * 1) In reference <strong>to</strong> dynamic range, <strong>the</strong><br />
average peak-<strong>to</strong>-peak signal amplitude in magnetic<br />
recording at <strong>the</strong> maximum flux reversal divided by <strong>the</strong><br />
average peak-<strong>to</strong>-peak signal amplitude at <strong>the</strong> minimum<br />
flux reversal at <strong>the</strong> desired recording method.(46.) 2) The<br />
ability <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic system <strong>to</strong> record fine detail.<br />
Sharpness <strong>of</strong> images is formally measured in lines per mm<br />
(millimetre). Acceptable resolution for micr<strong>of</strong>ilming can<br />
range from 90 <strong>to</strong> 180 lines per mm. A more subjectively<br />
derived expression <strong>of</strong> resolution is termed definition. To<br />
test for resolution, images are compared with patterns on<br />
a resolution test chart, such as an NBS (National Bureau<br />
<strong>of</strong> Standards) test chart. Synonymous with sharpness and<br />
resolving power.(01.40.) 3) The ability <strong>of</strong> a lens <strong>to</strong> define<br />
visual details. Sometimes used as a synonym for<br />
definition, which is a term that should apply <strong>to</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film s<strong>to</strong>ck ra<strong>the</strong>r than lenses.(30.) 4) The<br />
ability <strong>of</strong> a video camera <strong>to</strong> define visual details in both <strong>the</strong><br />
horizontal and vertical planes. .{D= Auslösung; Es= 1)<br />
resolución; 2) definición (TV); F= résolution; définition}.<br />
resolution, horizontal .{E} * An evaluation <strong>of</strong> a video signal<br />
bandwidth used <strong>to</strong> determine <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> vertical black<br />
and white lines that can be distinguished in a dimension<br />
equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture height. .{D= ?; Es= resolución<br />
[definición] horizontal; F= résolution horizontale}.<br />
résolution .{F} * see definition; resolution .{E}.<br />
résolution de l'image .{F} * see image resolution .{E}.<br />
résolution du pixel .{F} * see pixel depth .{E}.<br />
résolution horizontale .{F} * see resolution horizontal .{E}.<br />
Resonanz .{D} * see echo .{D;E}.
esorte mo<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see mainspring .{E}.<br />
resorte principal .{Es} * see mainspring .{E}.<br />
response .{E} * see frequency response.<br />
response plate linéaire{F} * see flat response .{E}.<br />
respuesta en frecuencia .{Es} * see frequency response<br />
.{E}.<br />
respuesta plana .{Es} * see flat response .{E}.<br />
resserrement de l'image .{F} * see image compression<br />
.{E}.<br />
ressort principal .{F} * see mainspring .{E}.<br />
restauración .{Es} * see archive res<strong>to</strong>ration .{E}.<br />
restauración .{Es} * see mending .{E}; repairing .{E};<br />
res<strong>to</strong>ration .{E}.<br />
restauración de materiales de archivo (normas) .{Es} * see<br />
archive res<strong>to</strong>ration .{E}.<br />
restaurador .{Es} * see conserva<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
restaurador de corriente continua .{Es} * see DC res<strong>to</strong>rer<br />
.{E}.<br />
restauration .{F} * see res<strong>to</strong>ration .{E}.<br />
restauration des archives .{F} * see archive res<strong>to</strong>ration<br />
.{E}.<br />
restricted access .{E} * A limitation on admittance <strong>to</strong><br />
facilities or use <strong>of</strong> materials.22. .{D=<br />
Benutzungsbeschränkung; Sperrung; Archivsperre; Es=<br />
consulta restringida; F= communication restreinte;<br />
restriction de communicabilité}.<br />
resumen .{Es} * see summary .{E}.<br />
resynchronisation .{F} * see jam sync .{E}.<br />
retake .{E} * Refilming <strong>of</strong> a given target or document.(40.)<br />
.{D= Wiederholung einer Aufnahme; Nachaufnahme; Es=<br />
rodar por segunda vez una escena; rodar de nuevo un<br />
plano; F= reprise; refilmer; <strong>to</strong>urner à nouveau reprise;<br />
re<strong>to</strong>urner une scène; re<strong>to</strong>urner un plan}.<br />
retard optique par double passage .{F} * see double-pass<br />
optical retardation .{E}.<br />
retardación (de movimien<strong>to</strong>) .{Es} * see lag .{E}.<br />
retardo .{Es} * see lag .{E}.<br />
retardo óptico de doble paso .{Es} * see double-pass<br />
optical retardation .{E}.<br />
retención de la imagen .{Es} * see image retention .{E}.<br />
retentivity .{E} * Measure <strong>of</strong> an object's or material's ability<br />
<strong>to</strong> retain magnetization after <strong>the</strong> force field has been<br />
removed; equivalent <strong>to</strong> remanence except expressed in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> flux density <strong>of</strong> flux per unit cross sectional area.<br />
Retentivity serves as an indication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item's sensitivity<br />
at high frequencies, as well as a figure <strong>of</strong> merit for coating<br />
dispersions, independent <strong>of</strong> coating thickness, and is<br />
<strong>the</strong>reby useful for estimating coating sensitivity at short<br />
wave lengths; also called residual flux; see also<br />
remanence.(04.16.) .{D= ?; Es= persistencia; retintividad;<br />
F= rémanence; retentavité}.<br />
retícula .{Es} * see graticule .{E}.<br />
193<br />
reticulación .{Es} * see reticulation .{E}.<br />
reticulation .{E} * Wrinkling, cracking, or o<strong>the</strong>r similar<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion surface <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
materials usually due <strong>to</strong> significant differences in <strong>the</strong><br />
temperature <strong>of</strong> processing solutions. Reticulation can vary<br />
from a coarse, net-like structure <strong>to</strong> an almost invisible<br />
pattern which shows up markedly if <strong>the</strong> image is<br />
subsequently enlarged.(09.05.) .{D= ?; Es= reticulación;<br />
F= réticulation}.<br />
réticulation .{F} * see cross-linking; reticulation .{E}.<br />
réticule .{F} * see graticule .{E}.<br />
retintividad .{Es} * see retentivity .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>cado .{Es} * see re<strong>to</strong>uching .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>que .{Es} * see re<strong>to</strong>uching .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>rno .{Es} * see retrace .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>rno de línea .{Es} * see breezeway .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>rno horizontal .{Es} * see horizontal retrace .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>uche .{F} * see re<strong>to</strong>uching .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>uching .{E} * Work carried out on a pho<strong>to</strong>graph <strong>to</strong> alter<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>nal values or blemishes.42. .{D= ?; Es= re<strong>to</strong>que;<br />
re<strong>to</strong>cado; F= re<strong>to</strong>uche}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>ur du spot .{F} * see retrace .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>ur horizontal .{F} * see horizontal retrace .{E}.<br />
re<strong>to</strong>ur ligne .{F} * see breezeway .{E}.<br />
retrace .{E} * During <strong>the</strong> scanning <strong>of</strong> a video display,<br />
oscilloscope, or video camera pickup tube, <strong>the</strong> return path<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> electron beam is referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong> retrace. In<br />
properly adjusted equipment, <strong>the</strong> retrace is not viewable<br />
due <strong>to</strong> it being blanked out. .{D= ?; Es= re<strong>to</strong>rno; línea de<br />
re<strong>to</strong>rno; F= re<strong>to</strong>ur du spot}.<br />
retrait rétrécissement .{F} * see shrinkage .{E}.<br />
retraît .{F}. enlèvement .{F}. see disposal .{E}.<br />
retraso .{Es} * see lag .{E}.<br />
retrieval .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> selectively recovering s<strong>to</strong>red<br />
data.(06.) .{D= Recherche; Es= búsqueda selectiva;<br />
recuperación documen-readable form.; recuperaction<br />
documental; F= recherche documentaire}.<br />
retrospective conversion (RECON) .{E} ** ?? {D= ?; Es=<br />
conversión retrospectiva; F= conversion rétrospective}.<br />
revelado .{Es} * see developing .{E}; development .{E}.<br />
révélateur .{F} * see developer .{E}.<br />
reverberación .{Es} * see reverberation .{E}.<br />
reverberation .{E} * Repeating echoes <strong>of</strong> sound, increasing<br />
in density, decreasing in amplitude.39. .{D= Hall; Es=<br />
reverberación; F= réverbération; répercussion}.<br />
réverbération .{F} * see reverberation .{E}.<br />
reversal film .{E} * A film which, after exposure, is processed<br />
<strong>to</strong> produce a positive image on <strong>the</strong> same film<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than a cus<strong>to</strong>mary negative image.(06.09.22.) .{D=<br />
Umkehrfilm; Es= película de inversión; F= film inversible}.<br />
reversal process .{E} * developing in such a manner that
<strong>the</strong> material exposed in <strong>the</strong> camera shows a positive<br />
instead <strong>of</strong> a negative image. The reversal process is used<br />
extensively in colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, and for producing<br />
duplicate negatives.19. .{D= ?; Es= proceso de inversión;<br />
F= pocédé inversible; procédé inverse}.<br />
reverse angle .{E} * A technique used in moving-and stillimage<br />
work in which a subject has first been pho<strong>to</strong>graphed<br />
from his left side, a reverse-angle shot shoots him from <strong>the</strong><br />
right side (and vice-versa).(30.) .{D= Gegeneinstellung;<br />
Gegenschuss; Es= contracampo; F= contre-champ}.<br />
reverse motion .{E} * Moving-image technique in which <strong>the</strong><br />
images are shown in backward motion in order <strong>to</strong> create<br />
<strong>the</strong> illusion, when pro-jected, that time is running<br />
backwards.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= contramarcha; marcha<br />
inversa; F= marche arrière; motion marche arrière}.<br />
reversibilidad .{Es} * see reversibility .{E}.<br />
réversibilité .{F} * see reversibility .{E}.<br />
reversibility .{E} * Ability <strong>to</strong> undo a process or treatment<br />
with no change <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> object. Reversibility is an important<br />
goal <strong>of</strong> conservation treatment, but it must be balanced<br />
with o<strong>the</strong>r treatment goals and options.17. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
reversibilidad; F= inversibilité}.<br />
revestimen<strong>to</strong> dorsal .{Es} * see back coating .{E}.<br />
revestimien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see cellulose acetate (4) .{E}; coating<br />
.{E}.<br />
revestimien<strong>to</strong> antihalo .{Es} * see antihalation coating .{E}.<br />
revestimien<strong>to</strong> para reducir reflejos superficiales .{Es} * see<br />
bloom (1) .{E}.<br />
revêtement anti-halo .{F} * see rem jet .{E}.<br />
revêtement antireflet .{F} * see bloom .{E}.<br />
revêtement dorsal .{F} * see back coating .{E}.<br />
revêtements conducteurs .{F} * see conductive coatings<br />
.{E}.<br />
Revisión por Ordenador .{Es} * see CMX EDITING .{E}.<br />
revista cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica .{Es} * see magazine (2) .{E;Es;F}.<br />
revolutions per minute (RPM; R.P.M.) .{E} * The means <strong>of</strong><br />
expressing <strong>the</strong> turning speed <strong>of</strong> cylinder and disc<br />
recordings. .{D= Umdrehungen pro Minute; UpM; Es=<br />
revoluciones por minu<strong>to</strong>; F= <strong>to</strong>urs par minute (t/mn)}.<br />
rewind control .{E} * But<strong>to</strong>n or lever for rapidly rewinding<br />
tape from <strong>the</strong> take-up reel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck reel.16. .{D=<br />
Rückwickeltaste; Es= control de rebobinado (rápido); F=<br />
<strong>to</strong>uche de rembobinage}.<br />
rewinding .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> placing film or tape<br />
materials on a spool or reel so that it is properly arranged<br />
for playback.(06.) .{D= Wiederaufrollen; Rückspulen; Es=<br />
rebobinado; F= réembobinage; rebobinage}.<br />
RF .{D;E} * acronym for radio frequency.<br />
RGB .{D;E} * acronym for red-green-blue.<br />
RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E} * An RGB encoding technique used in<br />
CD-I in which colours are each represented by 5 bits.39.<br />
.{F= RVB; Es= RGB 555 (técnica de codificación para CD-<br />
I}.<br />
RGB 555 (técnica de codificación para CD-I .{Es} * see<br />
RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E}.<br />
194<br />
RIAA .{D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Recording Industry<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> America, Inc.<br />
RIAA curve .{D;E;Es;F} * A widely used standard<br />
phonograph disc record/playback equalization curve set by<br />
<strong>the</strong> RIaa.(04.)<br />
ride .{E} * 1) To control <strong>the</strong> gain or level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> input <strong>of</strong> a<br />
device or component such as an audio control console. 2)<br />
An ad-libbed musical selection.10. .{D= ?; Es= ajuste del<br />
control de entrada; F= contrôle du gain d'entrée}.<br />
riesgo .{Es} * see hazard .{E;F}.<br />
rigidez .{Es} * see stiffness .{E}.<br />
rill .{E} * The groove on a disc recording linking <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong><br />
one cut (band or selection) with <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> next;<br />
see also cut.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= intersurco (empalme entre<br />
cortes de un disco); F= interplage}.<br />
Rille .{D} * see groove .{E}.<br />
Rillensteigung .{D} * see groove pitch .{E}.<br />
Rillenvorschub .{D} * see groove pitch .{E}.<br />
rim .{D;E} * 1) On a disc recording, <strong>the</strong> area between <strong>the</strong><br />
edge and <strong>the</strong> playing area, which can be sloped, concave,<br />
convex, flat, raised, lowered, etc. 2) On a cylinder<br />
recording, <strong>the</strong> starting rim is <strong>the</strong> same as on a disc. The<br />
run-<strong>of</strong>f rim is <strong>the</strong> area following <strong>the</strong> playing area.04. .{D=<br />
Rand; Es= margen; saliente; orilla (pre-surcos); F= plage<br />
de pré-sillon}.<br />
rinçage .{F} * see washing .{E}.<br />
rinçage à contre-courant .{F} * see countercurrent wash<br />
.{E}.<br />
rinçage de la pellicule d'archivage .{F} * see archival wash<br />
.{E}.<br />
Risiko .{D} * see hazard .{E;F}.<br />
Riss .{D} * see crack/cracking .{E}.<br />
ritmo .{Es} * see sampling rate .{E}.<br />
rizado .{Es} * see fluting .{E}.<br />
rizado del borde .{Es} * see edge fluting .{E}.<br />
RLG .{E} * acronym for Research Libraries Group, Inc.<br />
RLIN .{E} * acronym for Research Libraries Information<br />
Network.<br />
RMS .{E} * acronym for root-mean-square.<br />
robótica .{Es} * see robotics .{E}.<br />
robotics .{E} * The use <strong>of</strong> robots in <strong>the</strong> au<strong>to</strong>mation <strong>of</strong> a<br />
given operation. .{D= ?; Es= robótica; F= robotique}.<br />
robotique .{F} * see robotics .{E}.<br />
roce de aguja .{Es} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.<br />
roce de la punta (sobre la superficie del disco fonográfico)<br />
.{Es} * see stylus drag .{E}.<br />
rodaje en exteriores .{Es} * see location .{E}.<br />
rodaje imagen por imagen (fo<strong>to</strong>grama a fo<strong>to</strong>grama) .{Es}<br />
* see s<strong>to</strong>p-motion pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
rodaje imágen por imágen .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p-motion
pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
rodar de nuevo un plano .{Es} * see retake .{E}.<br />
rodar por segunda vez una escena .{Es} * see retake .{E}.<br />
rodillo .{Es} * see brayer .{E}.<br />
rodillo prensador .{Es} * see pressure roller .{E}.<br />
rognure .{F} * see chip .{E}.<br />
Rohmaterial .{D} * see raw s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E}.<br />
Röhre .{D} * see vacuum tube .{E}.<br />
Rohschnitt .{D} * see rough cut .{E}.<br />
rojo-verde-azul .{Es} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.<br />
rôle de composisition .{F} * see character .{E}.<br />
rôle secondaire .{F} * see bit .{E}.<br />
roll .{E} * 1) A reel wound with a standard length <strong>of</strong> film or<br />
tape.46.(22.) 2) The act placing <strong>the</strong> film or tape on <strong>the</strong> reel.<br />
3) The movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera which occurs when it is<br />
rotated around <strong>the</strong> axis which runs longitudinally from <strong>the</strong><br />
lens <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject; see also tilt, pan.30. .{D= 1) Rolle; Es=<br />
1) rollo; bobina; 2) enrollar, 3) movimien<strong>to</strong> de cámara; F=<br />
1) bobine 2) enrouler; embobiner 3) mouvement de<br />
caméra}.<br />
roll micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E} * Micr<strong>of</strong>ilm that is or can be put on a reel,<br />
spool, or core.40. .{D= ?; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilme en rollo; F=<br />
rouleau de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm}.<br />
roll-<strong>of</strong>f .{F} * see high frequency roll-<strong>of</strong>f .{E}.<br />
Rolle .{D} * see reel .{E}; roll .{E}.<br />
Rollgestellanlage .{D} * see compact shelving .{E}.<br />
rollo .{Es} * see reel (2) .{E}; reel flange .{E}; roll (1) .{E}.<br />
rollo de cinta .{Es} * see tape pack .{E}.<br />
rollo de papel de un piano mecánico .{Es} * see piano roll<br />
.{E}.<br />
rollo de pellizco .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.<br />
rollo de sincronización .{Es} * see sync roll .{E}.<br />
rollo estándar .{Es} * see standard roll .{E}.<br />
rollos de intertítulo .{Es} * see intertitle rolls/title bands .{E}.<br />
rollos de producción .{Es} * see production rolls .{E}.<br />
ROM .{E} * acronym for read-only-memory.<br />
romanización .{Es} * see Romanization .{E}.<br />
Romanization .{E} * The conversion <strong>to</strong> Roman-alphabet<br />
form <strong>of</strong> textual data not written in <strong>the</strong> Roman alphabet.(12.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= romanización; F= conversion en caractères<br />
Romains; caractère Romain}.<br />
ronflement (sur une image) .{F} * see hum bars .{E}.<br />
ronflette .{F} * see hum; rumble .{E}.<br />
ronronnement .{F} * see hum; rumble .{E}.<br />
room noise, room sound .{E} * In an audio recording, <strong>the</strong><br />
particular quality that sound has in a certain location. Often<br />
recorded separately and added later.(30.) Also referred <strong>to</strong><br />
195<br />
as background (BG) or natural sound. .{D= Raumakustik;<br />
Es= sonido [ruido] ambiente; F= bruit (de fond)<br />
d'ambiance; bruit de salle; bruit de chambre}.<br />
room sound .{E} * see room noise.<br />
Rostfleck .{D} * see corrosion stain .{E}.<br />
rot-grün-blau .{D} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.<br />
rotación (rápido) .{Es} * see slewing .{E}.<br />
rotary camera .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm camera that<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs documents while <strong>the</strong>y are being moved by<br />
some form <strong>of</strong> transport mechanism. The document<br />
transport mechanism is connected <strong>to</strong> a film-transport<br />
mechanism, and <strong>the</strong> film also moves during exposure so<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no difference in <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> relative movement<br />
between <strong>the</strong> film and <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> document. Both<br />
sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> document can be filmed; see also planetary<br />
camera; step-and-repeat camera.40.(22.) .{D=<br />
Durchlaufkamera; Es= cámera rota<strong>to</strong>ria; F= caméra<br />
cinétique}.<br />
rotary head digital audio tape (R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E;Es;F}<br />
* An audio recording utilizing digital magnetic tape. The<br />
3.81-mm wide high-coercivity metal particle or barium<br />
ferrite metal particle (Mp) cassette housed tape is pulled<br />
across a rotary head for <strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong> helical-scan<br />
tracks. Originally expected <strong>to</strong> replace compact cassettes<br />
in <strong>the</strong> consumer market, it has acquired a remarkable<br />
acceptance in (semi-) pr<strong>of</strong>essional applications.<br />
rotary head digital audio tape recorder (R-DAT or DAT)<br />
.{D;E} * A machine <strong>to</strong> make R-DAT tape recordings; see<br />
also rotary head digital audio tape. .{F= magné<strong>to</strong>phone<br />
numérique à tête <strong>to</strong>urnante (R-DAT ou DAT); Es=<br />
magnetófono digital de cabeza rotacional [rota<strong>to</strong>ria]}.<br />
rota<strong>to</strong>ria .{Es} * see rotary head digital audio tape recorder<br />
(R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.<br />
rotulación .{Es} * see label .{E}.<br />
rouge-vert-bleu .{F} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.<br />
rough cut .{E} * 1) A preliminary trial stage in <strong>the</strong> process<br />
<strong>of</strong> editing a moving-image production in which shots,<br />
scenes, and sequences are laid out in approximate<br />
relationship, without detailed attention <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> individual<br />
cutting points.(09.) 2) The first assembly <strong>of</strong> a movingimage<br />
production which <strong>the</strong> edi<strong>to</strong>r prepares from <strong>the</strong><br />
selected takes, joining <strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> order planned in <strong>the</strong><br />
script, but leaving finer points <strong>of</strong> timing and editing <strong>to</strong> a<br />
later stage.(30.) .{D= Rohschnitt; Es= montaje previo;<br />
primer montaje; F= bout-à-bout}.<br />
rouille .{F} * see corrosion stain .{E}.<br />
rouleau .{F} * see spool .{E}.<br />
rouleau de micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{F} * see roll micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E}.<br />
rouleau de piano mécanique .{F} * see organ roll; piano roll<br />
.{E}.<br />
roulette .{F} * see brayer .{E}.<br />
Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Media .{E} * see International<br />
Federation <strong>of</strong> Library Associations and Institutions.<br />
Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records .{E} * A voluntary<br />
group set up in 1982 by IFLA and ICA which brings<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r a number <strong>of</strong> UNESCO non-governmental<br />
organizations, all international and all dealing with <strong>the</strong><br />
collection and use <strong>of</strong> audiovisual materials. Member<br />
organizations are FIAF, FIAT, IASA, ICA, IFLA, and<br />
UNESCO. Key areas <strong>of</strong> activity have included all aspects
<strong>of</strong> training, copyright, and related issues, and access <strong>to</strong><br />
materials. A sub-committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Round Table is <strong>the</strong><br />
Technical Coordinating Committee which advises <strong>the</strong><br />
Round Table on technical issues and holds a Joint<br />
Technical Symposium every two or three years which<br />
attracts technical experts worldwide, <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> which<br />
is <strong>to</strong> discuss and develop ways <strong>of</strong> improving <strong>the</strong><br />
preservation prospects <strong>of</strong> audiovisual materials. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= tabla redonda de grabaciones audiovisuales; F= table<br />
ronde sur les enregistrements audiovisuels}.<br />
routing switcher .{E} * An electronically controlled matrix<br />
that allows one <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> inputs <strong>to</strong> be connected <strong>to</strong><br />
one or many outputs; an electronic version <strong>of</strong> a patch<br />
panel, but more flexible and without mechanical contacts.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= conmutador de distribución; interrup<strong>to</strong>r;<br />
conmutador-mezclador; F= matrice de commutation}.<br />
row .{E} * Two or more bays <strong>of</strong> shelving connected end <strong>to</strong><br />
end along <strong>the</strong> same axis; also called a run.22. .{D= Reihe;<br />
Es= fila de estanterías; estantería; F= travée en épi simple<br />
face; epi simple face}.<br />
Royal Purple Amberol Records .{D;E;Es;F} * A special<br />
series <strong>of</strong> seventy-seven (77) Blue Amberol cylinders<br />
issued by <strong>the</strong> Edison Co. in 1913 and from 1917 <strong>to</strong><br />
1921.(14.)<br />
rozadura .{Es} * see rub .{E}; rubbing see rub .{E}.<br />
RPM .{E} * acronym for revolutions per minute.<br />
RR .{E} * acronym for re-recording.<br />
rs 232; rs 422 .{D;E;Es;F} * Standard serial data<br />
communications pro<strong>to</strong>cols for transmitting data between<br />
computers; generally limited <strong>to</strong> speeds <strong>of</strong> 56 kilobits per<br />
second.<br />
RTOS .{E} * acronym for real-time operating system.<br />
rub .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound<br />
recordings which refers <strong>to</strong> a visible mark on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> recording (usually caused by ano<strong>the</strong>r item or material<br />
having come in contact with <strong>the</strong> surface) which may not<br />
actually cause any dis<strong>to</strong>rtion in playback. It is used<br />
interchangeably with scuff.04. .{D= ?; Es= rozadura; F=<br />
défaut d'aspect provoqué par des frottements; défacer par<br />
frottement}.<br />
ruban adhésif .{F} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape .{E}.<br />
ruban de guidage .{F} * see leader tape .{E}.<br />
ruban de montage .{F} * see splicing tape .{E}.<br />
ruban double face .{F} * see double-coated tape .{E}.<br />
rubbing .{E} * see rub.<br />
Rückhalte-Bandzug .{D} * see holdback tension .{E}.<br />
Rückkopplung .{D} * see feedback .{E}.<br />
Rückseitenbeschichtung .{D} * see back coating .{E}.<br />
Rückseitenmattierung .{D} * see back coating .{E}.<br />
Rückspulen .{D} * see rewinding .{E}.<br />
Rückwickeltaste .{D} * see rewind control .{E}.<br />
rueda de pellizco .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.<br />
rueda de presión .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.<br />
rugosa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
196<br />
rugosité .{F} * see bump .{E}.<br />
ruido .{Es} * see noise .{E}.<br />
ruido alea<strong>to</strong>rio .{Es} * see random noise .{E}.<br />
ruido ambiente .{Es} * see ambient noise .{E}; room noise<br />
.{E}.<br />
ruido áspero .{Es} * see buzz .{E}.<br />
ruido blanco .{Es} * see white noise .{E}.<br />
ruido de arrastre .{Es} * see scrape .{E}.<br />
ruido de baja frecuencia producido durante la<br />
reproducción y debida a alguna irregularidad en la pista<br />
sonora de la película .{Es} * see bump .{E}.<br />
ruido de fondo .{Es} * see noise floor .{E}.<br />
ruido de superficie (aguja <strong>to</strong>cadiscos) .{Es} * see surface<br />
noise .{E}.<br />
ruido del sistema .{Es} * see system noise .{E}.<br />
ruido estático .{Es} * see quiescent noise .{E}.<br />
ruido ponderado .{Es} * see weighted noise .{E}.<br />
ruido producido por asperezas .{Es} * see asperity noise<br />
.{E}.<br />
ruido seco .{Es} * see click .{E;Es}.<br />
ruido sordo (y prolongado) .{Es} * see rumble .{E}.<br />
ruidos transi<strong>to</strong>rios .{Es} * see transient sounds .{E}.<br />
rumble .{E} * A disagreeable noise <strong>of</strong> very low pitch or<br />
frequency, peculiar <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> turntable and associated drive<br />
mechanisms <strong>of</strong> disc recording and player systems. Rare <strong>to</strong><br />
non-existent in tape systems unless present in prerecorded<br />
tapes and reproduced by <strong>the</strong> tape recorder.16.<br />
Low frequency noise generally caused by <strong>the</strong> playback or<br />
recording equipment (i.e., a turntable or tape transport).<br />
Rumble sometimes can be heard from <strong>the</strong> audio recording<br />
itself, having been induced during <strong>the</strong> recording or cutting<br />
stages.(04.) .{D= Rumpeln; Es= ruido sordo (y<br />
prolongado); F= ronronnement; ronflette; bruire}.<br />
Rumpeln .{D} * see rumble .{E}.<br />
run .{E} * see row.<br />
run-in/run-out grooves .{E} * see lead-in/lead-out.<br />
run-up .{E} * see cue marks.<br />
run-up marks .{E} * see cue marks.<br />
Rundfunksendung .{D} * see broadcast .{E;F}.<br />
run<strong>of</strong>f rim .{E} * see rim.<br />
Runzeln .{D} * see cockle/cockling .{E}.<br />
rushes .{E;F} * prints <strong>of</strong> takes <strong>of</strong> a moving-image<br />
production which are made immediately after a day's<br />
shooting so that <strong>the</strong>y can be viewed before <strong>the</strong> next day's<br />
shooting; see also answer print; dailies.30. .{D=<br />
Bildmuster; Es= produccíon del día; copión; F= rushes;<br />
productions journalières; épreuves; bouts}.<br />
rushes .{F} * see dailies (rushes) .{E}.<br />
RVB .{F} * see RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E}.<br />
s ---
s channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present assigned <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal s; F= canal s}.<br />
S-VHS .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for super-vhs. .{D= ?}.<br />
saccade d'images .{F} * see stroboscope .{E}.<br />
sacudidas (de la imagen) .{Es} * see jitter .{D;E}.<br />
saddle warp .{E} * A description <strong>of</strong> warpage <strong>of</strong> double<br />
sided vinyl discs which may occur if <strong>the</strong> paper grain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
labels on each side do not run in <strong>the</strong> same direction when<br />
affixed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> vinyl since <strong>the</strong> natural curl <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper may<br />
put unequal stress on <strong>the</strong> record's centre surface.(04.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= alabeo en forma de silla de montar (discos<br />
fonográficos); F= double déformation}.<br />
safelight .{E} * An enclosed darkroom lamp fitted with a<br />
filter <strong>to</strong> screen out light rays <strong>to</strong> which film is sensitive.09.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= luz de seguridad; F= lumière inactinique;<br />
lampe de sûreté}.<br />
safety film .{E} * A slow-burning film as defined by ANSI<br />
PH1.25, PH22.31. The term is used interchangeably with<br />
acetate base film and polyester base film.(09.40.) .{D=<br />
Sicherheitsfilm; Es= película de seguridad (película<br />
ininflamable); F= film faiblement inflammable; film<br />
inflammable}.<br />
safety master .{E} * A duplicate <strong>of</strong> a master, generally<br />
created and maintained as a protection against <strong>the</strong><br />
damage or loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> master; also known as protection<br />
copy; see also security copy.(04.) .{D= Sicherheitskopie;<br />
Es= copia matriz de seguridad; F= master de sécurité}.<br />
sala limpia .{Es} * see clean room .{E}.<br />
salida .{Es} * see output .{E}; outtake .{E}.<br />
salida de ordenador para micr<strong>of</strong>ilme o micr<strong>of</strong>orma .{Es} *<br />
see computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm (COM) .{E}.<br />
salissure .{F} * see buildup .{E}.<br />
salle blanche .{F} * see clean room .{E}.<br />
Salmiak .{D} * see ammonium chloride .{E}.<br />
sal<strong>to</strong> de imagen .{Es} * see jump cut .{E}.<br />
sample-and-hold circuit (SH) .{E} * A circuit which captures<br />
and holds an analogue signal for a finite period <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
The input s/h proceeds <strong>the</strong> a/d converter, allowing time for<br />
conversion. The output s/h follows <strong>the</strong> d/a converter,<br />
smoothing glitches and compensating for aperture error;<br />
see also aperture circuit.(39.) .{D= Sample-and-hold-<br />
Schaltung; Es= circui<strong>to</strong> de muestreo y retención; F= circuit<br />
échantillonneur-bloqueur; prise d'enchantillions}.<br />
Sample-and-hold-Schaltung .{D} * see sample-and-hold<br />
circuit (SH) .{E}.<br />
sampling .{E} * In digital data, <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> repre-senting<br />
<strong>the</strong> amplitude <strong>of</strong> a signal at a particular point in time; see<br />
also sampling rate.(39.) .{D= Abtasten; Sampling; Es=<br />
muestreo; conmutación; F= échantillonnage}.<br />
sampling frequency .{E} * see sampling rate.<br />
sampling rate .{E} * The rate or frequency at which an<br />
analogue signal is analyzed during <strong>the</strong> D/A conversion;<br />
generally expressed in Hertz; see also sampling; sampling<br />
<strong>the</strong>orem (Nyquist).(04.39.) .{D= Abtastrate;<br />
Abtastfrequenz; Es= frecuencia [ritmo, régimen] de<br />
muestreo; F= taux d'échantillonnage; fréquence<br />
d'échantillonnage}.<br />
197<br />
sampling <strong>the</strong>orem (Nyquist) .{E} * A <strong>the</strong>orem stating that a<br />
band limited continuous wave form may be represented by<br />
a series <strong>of</strong> discrete samples if <strong>the</strong> sampling frequency is at<br />
least twice <strong>the</strong> highest fre-quency contained in <strong>the</strong><br />
waveform.39. .{D= Abtast<strong>the</strong>orem; Es= teorema del<br />
muestreo (de Nyquist); F= théorème d'échantillonnage}.<br />
Sampling .{D} * see sampling .{E}.<br />
sans relief .{F} * see flat image .{E}.<br />
SAR .{E} * acronym for successive approxi-mation<br />
register.39.<br />
Saticon .{E;F} ** A pho<strong>to</strong>conductive tube which has been<br />
largely replaced by charge-coupled devices (CCD). .{D= ?;<br />
Es= Saticón}.<br />
Saticón .{Es} * see Saticon .{E}.<br />
satinado en un ferrotipo .{Es} * see ferrotyping .{E}.<br />
Sättigung .{D} * see saturation .{E;F}.<br />
saturación .{Es} * see saturation .{E;F}.<br />
saturation .{E;F} * 1) The condition reached in magnetic<br />
tape recording where output does not increase with<br />
increased input; additional input beyond saturation causes<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion. Useful for defining reference output levels, since<br />
it is independent <strong>of</strong> bias current.(04.16.) 2) The intensity <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> colour in a video picture as expressed in <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong><br />
luminance <strong>to</strong> chrominance information.(35.) .{D=<br />
Sättigung; Es= saturación}.<br />
saturation .{F} * see also SC/H .{E}.<br />
saturation (acoustique) .{F} * see clipping .{E}.<br />
saturation de l'image vidéo .{F} * see bloom .{E}.<br />
Säure .{D} * see acidity .{E}.<br />
Säuregehalt .{D} * see acidity .{E}.<br />
Säurewanderung .{D} * see acid migration .{E}.<br />
saut de montage .{F} * see<br />
scanning beam .{E} * 1) In television, <strong>the</strong> regular<br />
movement <strong>of</strong> a spot <strong>of</strong> light or electron beam producing<br />
<strong>the</strong> raster in a television sys-tem. 2) In motion picture<br />
projection, a narrow slit <strong>of</strong> parallel rays <strong>of</strong> light that scans<br />
<strong>the</strong> optical soundtrack. .{D= Abtaststrahl; 2) ?; Es= haz<br />
explorador [de exploración]; F= faisceau analyseur; spot<br />
d'analyse; balayer l'image à transmettre}.<br />
scanning electron microscope .{E} * An instrument used <strong>to</strong><br />
examine very small objects, such as record grooves.(04.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= microscopio electrónico de barrido; F=<br />
microscope électronique à balayage}.<br />
scéance d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording session .{E}.<br />
scénario adaptation .{F} * see treatment .{E}.<br />
scénario-maquette .{F} * see s<strong>to</strong>ry board .{E}.<br />
scénariste .{F} * see screenwriter .{E}.<br />
scene .{E} * The 'paragraph' <strong>of</strong> a moving-image<br />
production; a series <strong>of</strong> shots (or a single shot) which take<br />
place in a single location and deal with a single action; see<br />
also shot, sequence. (30.) .{D= Szene; Es= escena; F=<br />
scène}.<br />
scène .{F} * see scene .{E}.
scènes en parallèle .{F} * see parallel action .{E}.<br />
Schachtel .{D} * see box .{E}.<br />
Schaden .{D} * see defect .{E}.<br />
Schaden durch Schichtverklebung .{D} * see blocking .{E}.<br />
Schädling .{D} * see vermin .{E}.<br />
Schädlingsbekämpfung .{D} * see disinfest .{E}.<br />
Schall .{D} * see sound .{E}.<br />
Schallarchiv .{D} * see audio archives .{E}.<br />
Schallaufnahme .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.<br />
Schallaufnahmegerät .{D} * see sound recorder .{E}.<br />
Schallblech .{D} * see diaphragm .{E}.<br />
Schallgeschwindigkeit .{D} * see speed <strong>of</strong> sound .{E};<br />
sound speed .{E}.<br />
Schallplatte .{D} * see audio disc .{E}; disc .{E}; record .{E}.<br />
Schaltuhr .{D} * see circuit .{E;F}.<br />
scharf einstellen .{D} * see focus .{E}.<br />
Schärfe .{D} * see sharpness .{E}.<br />
Scheinwerfer<strong>to</strong>r .{D} * see barn doors .{E}.<br />
Schicht .{D} * see emulsion .{D;E}.<br />
Schichtablösung .{D} * see peeling .{E}.<br />
Schichtabrieb .{D} * see oxide shedding .{E}.<br />
Schichtdicke .{D} * see coating thickness .{E}.<br />
Schichtseite .{D} * see emulsion side .{E}.<br />
Schichtträger .{D} * see base .{E;Es}.<br />
Schichtweiderstand .{D} * see coating resistance .{E}.<br />
Schiebeblende .{D} * see wipe<br />
Schleier .{D} * see fog .{E}.<br />
Schleife .{D} * see loop .{E}.<br />
Schlupf .{D} * see creep .{E}.<br />
Schneidetisch .{D} * see editing table .{E}.<br />
Schneidkennlinien-Entzerrung .{D} * see characteristic<br />
curve .{E}.<br />
Schneidstichel .{D} * see stylus .{E}.<br />
schneller Vorlauf .{D} * see fast forward .{E}.<br />
schneller Wickel .{D} * see fast wind .{E}.<br />
Schnitt .{D} * see cut; editing .{E}.<br />
Schnittkopie .{D} * see fine cut .{E}.<br />
Schnittmeister .{D} * see edi<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
Schnittreste .{D} * see trims .{E}.<br />
Schrägspuraufzeichnung .{D} * see helical scan .{D;E}.<br />
198<br />
Schramme .{D} * see scratch .{E}.<br />
Schrammen .{D} * see abrasions .{E}.<br />
schreiben .{D} * see write .{E}.<br />
Schriftgut .{D} * see record .{E}.<br />
Schriftstück .{D} * see document .{E}; item .{E}.<br />
Schrittschaltkamera .{D} * see planetary camera .{E}.<br />
Schrumpfung .{D} * see shrinkage .{E}.<br />
Schutzhülle .{D} * see dust jacket .{E}; sleeve .{E}.<br />
Schutzschicht .{D} * see protective layer .{E}.<br />
Schwärzung .{D} * see density .{E}.<br />
Schwenk .{D} * see pan .{E}.<br />
Schwingung .{D} * see cycle .{E;F}.<br />
scintillement .{F} * see flicker; flickering; flutter .{E}.<br />
scoop .{E} * A floodlight employed <strong>to</strong> illuminate large areas<br />
at close range. .{D= ?; Es= reflec<strong>to</strong>r cóncavo; F= bol;<br />
lampe flood}.<br />
scope .{E} * Abbreviation <strong>of</strong> Cinemascope, and, by<br />
extension, all anamorphic film processes.30. 2) A term<br />
used in electronics and o<strong>the</strong>r technical fields which refers<br />
<strong>to</strong> an oscilloscope. 3) The action <strong>of</strong> measuring electronic<br />
signals with an oscilloscope. .{D= ?; Es= 1) abreviatura de<br />
Cinemascope; 2) coloquialmente, osciloscopio; F= ?}.<br />
scrape .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound<br />
recordings <strong>to</strong> describe a visible marring <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface that<br />
appears <strong>to</strong> be deeper or more serious than a scuff or rub<br />
and which may cause some degree <strong>of</strong> sonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.(04.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= rasguño; arañazo; ruido de arrastre; F=<br />
éraflure; gratter; grincement}.<br />
scratch track .{E} * In video production, a rough (low<br />
quality) audio recording is laid down as a timing reference<br />
<strong>to</strong> insure <strong>the</strong> proper sequence <strong>of</strong> video edits. This rough<br />
track is referred <strong>to</strong> as a scratch track. It is a guide and is<br />
intended <strong>to</strong> be replaced. .{D= ?; Es= pista de<br />
sincronización; pista de mezclas; F= piste de<br />
synchronisation}.<br />
screen .{E} * 1) A surface upon which an image is<br />
projected, such as a motion-picture screen. 2) To show or<br />
project an image upon a screen. .{D= Leinwand; Es=<br />
pantalla; F= écran; trame; grille (visionner)}.<br />
screen brightness .{E} * Measure <strong>of</strong> light reflected from a<br />
screen when a motion picture film projec<strong>to</strong>r is directed on<br />
<strong>to</strong> it with <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r running but no motion picture film in <strong>the</strong><br />
gate. It thus takes in<strong>to</strong> account <strong>the</strong> brightness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light<br />
sources, light losses in lens system and shutter, and<br />
screen reflectance. .{D= ?; Es= brillo [iluminancia] de<br />
pantalla; F= brillance de l'écran; clarté d'écran}.<br />
screening .{E} * An event where a motion-picture image is<br />
projected upon a screen. .{D= Laufzeit eines Films; Es=<br />
proyección de una película (en pantalla grande); F=<br />
visionnage; mettre à l'écran; passage d'un film}.<br />
screenplay .{E} * An ambiguous term, generally referring<br />
<strong>to</strong> a scenario or script written in a form suitable for a<br />
moving-image production; may be quite detailed or it may<br />
be a simple outline; see also treatment.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
adaptación cinema<strong>to</strong>gráfica de una novela o guión; F=<br />
script; mettre une pièce à l'écran}.<br />
screenwriter .{E} * The writer <strong>of</strong> an original script or <strong>the</strong>
adapter <strong>of</strong> a pre-existing work for <strong>the</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> creating<br />
a moving-image production.(12.) .{D= Drehbuchau<strong>to</strong>r; Es=<br />
guionista; F= écrivain de l'écran; scénariste}.<br />
scrim .{E} * 1) In pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or moving-image parlance,<br />
an opaque plate placed in front <strong>of</strong> a light in order <strong>to</strong> cast a<br />
particular shadow, usually <strong>to</strong> create <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
light. Synonymous with mull; see also gobo; diffuser.(30.)<br />
2) A light diffusion material placed in front <strong>of</strong> a lighting<br />
fixture in video production <strong>to</strong> s<strong>of</strong>ten or diminish <strong>the</strong><br />
intensity <strong>of</strong> light projected. 3) The action <strong>of</strong> placing scrim<br />
material in a light fixture. .{D= ?; Es= gasa difusora;<br />
pantalla translúcida difusora; F= diffuseur; canevas léger;<br />
écran diffuseur}.<br />
scrim frame .{E} * A metal frame used <strong>to</strong> hold scrim in front<br />
<strong>of</strong> a lighting fixture in video production <strong>to</strong> s<strong>of</strong>ten or diminish<br />
<strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> light projected. .{D= ?; Es= bastidor en el<br />
que se monta la gasa [pantalla] difusora; F= support de<br />
filtre diffuseur}.<br />
script .{F} * see screenplay .{E}.<br />
seal pot .{E} * Tank containing agents that can neutralize<br />
DEZ; used <strong>to</strong> remove DEZ vapours from effluent vapours<br />
before releasing <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> atmosphere.(07.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
recipiente estanco; F= ?}.<br />
secado en cámara de vacío .{Es} * see vacuum drying<br />
.{E}.<br />
SECAM .{D;E;Es;F} * abbreviation for Séquential Couleur<br />
à Mémoire.<br />
SECAM television standard .{D;E;Es;F} * The 625 line, 50<br />
fields, 25 frames per second colour television standard<br />
developed in France which utilizes a single-frequency<br />
modulated subcarrier for transmission <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chrominance<br />
channel; used in France, Eastern Europe, U.S.S.R., most<br />
<strong>of</strong> French-speaking African, and most Arabian countries;<br />
see also NTSC; PAL.(10.06.)<br />
SECAM video format .{E} * see SECAM television<br />
standard.<br />
sección .{Es} * see archive group .{E}.<br />
sección principal de la descripción bibliográfica .{Es} * see<br />
area .{E}.<br />
seccionador óptico .{Es} * see op<strong>to</strong>-isola<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
secciones de filme .{Es} * see clips .{E}.<br />
séchage a froid .{F} * see freeze drying .{E}.<br />
séchage par jet d'air .{F} * see air drying .{E}.<br />
séchage par le vide .{F} * see vacuum drying .{E}.<br />
second generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E} * A micr<strong>of</strong>ilm copy made<br />
from <strong>the</strong> camera film.33 Synonymous with first<br />
reproduction micr<strong>of</strong>ilm. .{D= ?; Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilme de segunda<br />
generación; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm de seconde génération}.<br />
second harmonic carrier .{E} * The RMS carrier level in<br />
dBm in a specified bandwidth centered at 2x <strong>the</strong> carrier<br />
frequency.46. .{D= ?; Es= portador de segunda armónica;<br />
F= porteuse de l'harmonique deux}.<br />
second original .{E} * When original pho<strong>to</strong>graphic prints or<br />
negatives are duplicated by any pho<strong>to</strong>graphic technique,<br />
<strong>the</strong> duplicate is <strong>of</strong>ten called a 'second original' by<br />
conserva<strong>to</strong>rs, cura<strong>to</strong>rs, etc.(05.) .{D= ?; Es= segundo<br />
original; original secundario; F= deuxième<br />
secretaria, adjunta del realizador .{Es} * see script girl<br />
.{D;E;F}.<br />
199<br />
secretario de rodaje .{Es} * see script girl .{D;E;F}.<br />
secteur .{F} * see sec<strong>to</strong>r; cut .{E}.<br />
sec<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es} * 1) The smallest addressable part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded area on a CD-ROM that can be accessed<br />
independently <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r addressable parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded<br />
area.20. 2) A 2352--byte block or frame <strong>of</strong> a CD-OM,<br />
complete with synchroni-zation and header field.(39.) .{D=<br />
Sek<strong>to</strong>r; F= secteur}.<br />
secuencia .{Es} * see sequence .{E}.<br />
secuencial .{Es} * see serial (1) .{E;F}.<br />
security copy .{E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> a document made in order <strong>to</strong><br />
preserve <strong>the</strong> information it contains in case <strong>the</strong> original is<br />
lost or damaged; see also safety master.(22.23.) .{D=<br />
Sicherungskopie; Es= copia de seguridad; F= copie de<br />
sécurité}.<br />
security micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E} * The use <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm <strong>to</strong> provide<br />
a security copy <strong>of</strong> still-image, printed and/or written textual,<br />
and similar documents.(22.23.) .{D= Sicherungsverfilmung;<br />
Es= micr<strong>of</strong>ilmación de seguridad; F=<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilmage de sécurité}.<br />
segment .{E;F} * 1) A constituent part <strong>of</strong> an audio or<br />
moving-image work. 2) In a newsreel, news film, or<br />
magazine format broadcast, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> separate s<strong>to</strong>ries <strong>of</strong><br />
a given issue or broadcast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= segmen<strong>to</strong>}.<br />
segmented scan .{E} * A classification <strong>of</strong> videotape<br />
recording in which each head scans a portion (segment) <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> TV field. An example is 2" quadruplex in which four<br />
video head on a drum scanned each TV field; see also<br />
alpha .{E}. .{D= ?; Es= exploración por segmen<strong>to</strong>s; F=<br />
balayage segmenté; fragmenté}.<br />
segmen<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see segment .{E;F}.<br />
segregación .{Es} * see separation .{E}.<br />
seguidor catódico .{Es} * see cathode follower .{E}.<br />
seguimien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see tracing .{E}.<br />
seguimien<strong>to</strong> (de pista) .{Es} * see tracking (2) .{D;E}.<br />
seguimien<strong>to</strong> au<strong>to</strong>mático .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong> tracking .{E}.<br />
seguimien<strong>to</strong> de pista lineal .{Es} * see straight line tracking<br />
.{E}.<br />
segundo original .{Es} * see second original .{E}.<br />
Seitenschrift .{D} * see lateral cut .{E}.<br />
Seitenschrift-Aufnahme .{D} * see lateral recording .{E}.<br />
Sek<strong>to</strong>r .{D} * see sec<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
Selbstentmagnetisierung .{D} * see self erasure .{E}.<br />
Selbstentmagnetisierung .{D} * see self-demagnetization<br />
.{E}.<br />
Selbstklebeband .{D} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape<br />
.{E}.<br />
Selbstschnittfolie .{D} * see lacquer disc .{E}.<br />
Selbstschnittfolte .{D} * see instantaneous disc .{E}.<br />
selección de bandas .{Es} * see cut (7) .{E}.<br />
Selectavision .{D;E;Es;F} * A holographic film process<br />
introduced by RCA and intended for <strong>the</strong> consumer market.
selection .{E} * see cut.<br />
sélection d'évènements sonores ou d'images vidéo<br />
indésirables .{F} * see spotting .{E}.<br />
sélection de programme .{F} * see set .{E}.<br />
selective erasure .{E} * A curative measure for magnetic<br />
tape recorded at <strong>to</strong>o high a level, or which has been<br />
exposed <strong>to</strong> high temperatures or AC fields; in particular,<br />
just prior <strong>to</strong> rerecording. Best accomplished by using a coil<br />
through which <strong>the</strong> tape is passed at recording speeds with<br />
reduced erase current from a recorder. Printthrough can<br />
be accelerated by this process, however; for this and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
reasons <strong>the</strong> process is justified only in unusual cases and<br />
when <strong>the</strong> information will be lost or useless without <strong>the</strong><br />
procedure.(04.) .{D= selektive Löschung; Es= borrado<br />
selectivo; F= effacement sélectif}.<br />
selektive Löschung .{D} * see selective erasure .{E}.<br />
self erasure .{E} * The process by which a piece <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetized material tends <strong>to</strong> demagnetize itself by virtue<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opposing fields created within it by its own<br />
magnetization. This effect becom-demagnetization .{E} *<br />
The process by which a magnetized sample <strong>of</strong> magnetic<br />
material tends <strong>to</strong> demagnetize itself because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
opposing fields created within it by its own magnetization;<br />
also known as self erasure. This effect becomes<br />
increasingly stronger at short wave lengths (high<br />
frequencies). It can be avoided by refraining from <strong>the</strong> use<br />
<strong>of</strong> excessive equalization boost at high frequen-cies, by<br />
avoiding extremes <strong>of</strong> temperature when s<strong>to</strong>ring tapes, and<br />
by using high quality tapes.(04.46.) .{D=<br />
Selbstentmagnetisierung; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
sellado con aceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa empleando calor .{Es} *<br />
see cellulose acetate (2) .{E}.<br />
sellado herméticamente .{Es} * see hermetically sealed<br />
.{E}.<br />
seme .{E} * see semiology.<br />
semi-floating reproducer .{E} * A reproducer which was<br />
held in a carrier arm or suspended by <strong>the</strong> output tube; see<br />
also floating reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r<br />
semiflotante; F= appareil de reproduction semi-flottant}.<br />
sencillo .{Es} * see single .{E}.<br />
Sendedatum .{D} * see broadcast date .{E}.<br />
senden .{D} * see broadcast .{E;F}.<br />
Sender .{D} * see broadcast station .{E}.<br />
Sendestation .{D} * see broadcast station .{E}.<br />
sensibilidad .{Es} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibilidad (emulsión) .{Es} * see emulsion speed .{E}.<br />
sensibilidad crómatica .{Es} * see colour sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibilidad espectral .{Es} * see spectral sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibiliser .{F} * see sensitize .{E}.<br />
sensibilité .{F} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibilité chromatique .{F} * see colour sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibilité du film .{F} * see film speed .{E}.<br />
sensibilité spectrale .{F} * see spectral sensitivity .{E}.<br />
sensibilizado .{Es} * see sensitized paper .{E}.<br />
200<br />
sensibilizar .{Es} * see sensitize .{E}.<br />
sensible .{F} * see fast .{E}.<br />
sensible à la lumière .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive .{E}.<br />
sensing mark .{E} * In reprography, a mark on film or paper<br />
which activates a-ensitive chemicals for pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
purposes; see also sensitized paper.19. .{D= ?; Es= papel<br />
(emulsionado) sensible a la luz; F= papier sensible}.<br />
sensitivity .{E} * 1) Regarding <strong>the</strong> capabilities <strong>of</strong> magnetic<br />
tape, <strong>the</strong> relative output for a given input in <strong>the</strong> linear (low<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>r-tion) portion <strong>of</strong> a tape's magnetic transfer<br />
characteristics. 2) Sensitivity data plotted as function <strong>of</strong><br />
frequency (or wave length) gives frequency response,<br />
usually relative <strong>to</strong> a standard reference tape.(16.) 3) For<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials, <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> an emulsion <strong>to</strong> form<br />
a latent image when exposed <strong>to</strong> light.09. .{D=<br />
Empfindlichkeit; Es= sensibilidad; F= efficacité; sensibilité}.<br />
sensitize .{E} * To coat or treat a material such as film,<br />
paper, or tape so as <strong>to</strong> make it sensitive <strong>to</strong> radiant<br />
energy.01. .{D= ?; Es= sensibilizar; activar; F=<br />
sensibiliser}.<br />
sensitized paper .{E} * Paper used in documentary<br />
reproduction which is coated with an emulsion sensitive <strong>to</strong><br />
light or heat as used in a <strong>the</strong>rmographic process.19. .{D=<br />
?; Es= papel emulsionado [sensibilizado]; F= papier<br />
sensibilisé}.<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>mètre .{F} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>meter .{E}.<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>metría .{Es} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>metry .{E}.<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>metric curve .{E} * see characteristic curve.<br />
Sensi<strong>to</strong>metrie .{D} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>metry .{E}.<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>métrie .{F} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>metry .{E}.<br />
sensitómetro .{Es} * see sensi<strong>to</strong>meter .{E}.<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>metry .{E} * The study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> response <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
emulsions <strong>to</strong> light.09. .{D= Sensi<strong>to</strong>metrie; Es=<br />
sensi<strong>to</strong>metría; F= sensi<strong>to</strong>métrie}.<br />
sensor de fin de cinta .{Es} * see end-<strong>of</strong>-tape<br />
marker/sensor .{E}.<br />
señal .{Es} * see cue marks .{E}.<br />
señal acústica .{Es} * see slate <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
señal adulterada producida artificialmente .{Es} * see<br />
artifact (1, 2, 3) .{E}.<br />
señal C .{Es} * see C signal .{E}.<br />
señal de crominancia .{Es} * see chrominance signal .{E}.<br />
señal de cuadrícula .{Es} * see grating signal .{E}.<br />
señal de entrada .{Es} * see input signal .{E}.<br />
señal de fin .{Es} * see mark-out .{E}.<br />
señal de fin de cinta .{Es} * see end-<strong>of</strong>-tape marker/sensor<br />
.{E}.<br />
señal de inicio .{Es} * see mark-in .{E}.<br />
señal de prueba .{Es} * see test signal .{E}.<br />
señal de sincronización (TV) .{Es} * see burst .{E}.<br />
señal de sonido .{Es} * see audio .{E}.
señal de vídeo .{Es} * see back porch .{E}.<br />
señal diferencial de color .{Es} * see colour difference<br />
signal .{E}.<br />
señal digital .{Es} * see digital signal .{E}.<br />
señal I .{Es} * see I signal .{E}.<br />
señal Y/C (NTSC) .{Es} * see Y signal .{E}.<br />
señales de sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization<br />
signals .{E}.<br />
separación .{Es} * see gap .{E}; partition .{E}; pitch (1) .{E};<br />
separation .{E}.<br />
separación (CD) .{Es} * see pitch (1) .{E}.<br />
separación de canales .{Es} * see channel separation .{E}.<br />
separación de negativos .{Es} * see separation negative<br />
.{E}.<br />
separación en escamas .{Es} * see flaking .{E}.<br />
separación entre cabeza y cinta .{Es} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head<br />
separation .{E}.<br />
separador de Haces (luminosos) .{Es} * see PBS .{E}.<br />
separador de haz .{Es} * see beam splitter .{E}.<br />
separador del haz de polarización .{Es} * see polarization<br />
beam splitter (PBS) .{E}.<br />
separar cortando .{Es} * see cut-away .{E}.<br />
separation .{E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which two stereo signals<br />
are kept apart. Stereo realism is dependent on <strong>the</strong><br />
successful prevention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir mixture before reaching <strong>the</strong><br />
output terminals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> power amplifier. Tape systems<br />
have separation capability inherently far superior <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong><br />
disc systems.16. .{D= Kanaltrennung; Es= separación;<br />
segregación; división; partición; F= séparation; extraction;<br />
tirage par extraction}.<br />
separation loss .{E} * The loss in output that occurs when<br />
<strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape fails <strong>to</strong> make<br />
perfect contact with <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> record or<br />
reproduce head.46. .{D= Abstandsdämpfung; Es= pérdida<br />
(de señal) por separación entre la cabeza y la cinta (en<br />
registros magnéticos); F= perte (de niveau) par<br />
écartement}.<br />
séparation .{F} * see separation .{E}.<br />
séparation des voies .{F} * see channel separation .{E}.<br />
Separationsverfarben .{D} * see separation negative .{E}.<br />
sequence .{E} * The 'chapter' <strong>of</strong> moving-image<br />
productions, usually comprised <strong>of</strong> one or more scenes and<br />
forms a natural unit; see also shot, scene.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
secuencia; F= séquence de film}.<br />
sequence shot .{E} * A long and usually complicated shot<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten including complex camera movements and action;<br />
also called plan-sequence.30. .{D= ?; Es= plano<br />
secuencia; F= plan-séquence}.<br />
séquence d'actualités .{F} * see news clip .{E}.<br />
séquence de film .{F} * see sequence .{E}.<br />
séquense en boucle .{F} * see looping .{E}.<br />
sequential camera .{E} * see step-and-repeat camera.<br />
201<br />
serial .{E;F} * 1) Sequential presence <strong>of</strong> data along one<br />
conduc<strong>to</strong>r.39. 2) A publication in any medium issued in<br />
successive parts bearing numerical or chronological<br />
designations and intended <strong>to</strong> be continued indefinitely.<br />
Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals (reports,<br />
yearbooks, etc.), journals, memoirs, proceedings,<br />
transactions, etc., <strong>of</strong> societies, and numbered<br />
monographic series.(12.03.) 3) In film usage, a <strong>the</strong>atrical<br />
serial; a type <strong>of</strong> short subject film which was characterized<br />
principally by <strong>the</strong> episodic development <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>ry which<br />
was presented in installments over a period <strong>of</strong> several<br />
weeks. The serial engaged audience interest in a hero or<br />
heroine whose exploits reached an unresolved crisis at <strong>the</strong><br />
end <strong>of</strong> each episode. The predominant genre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> serial<br />
was melodrama. Serials remained popular with motionpicture<br />
audiences until production <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m ceased in <strong>the</strong><br />
early 1950s. 4) In broadcast usage, a group <strong>of</strong><br />
programmes with <strong>the</strong>ir s<strong>to</strong>ry-line continued from episode<br />
<strong>to</strong> episode. .{D= ?; Es= 1) secuencial; consecutivo; 2,3,4)<br />
serial; novela o película en episodios}.<br />
serial cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.<br />
serial transmission format .{E} * A specification using biphase<br />
modulation for data, and balanced line drivers <strong>to</strong><br />
transmit digital audio data.39. .{D= ?; Es= forma<strong>to</strong> de<br />
transmisión en serie; serial; F= format de transmission<br />
série}.<br />
serie .{Es} * see series (1) .{E}.<br />
serie cronológia .{Es} * see chronological file .{E}.<br />
serie cronológica .{Es} * see chronological file .{E}.<br />
serie de expedientes .{Es} * see file .{E}.<br />
Serie .{D} * see series .{E}.<br />
série close .{F} * see closed record group .{E}.<br />
série de dessins animés .{F} * see strip .{E}.<br />
series .{E} * A group <strong>of</strong> separate items related <strong>to</strong> one<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r by <strong>the</strong> fact that each item bears, in addition <strong>to</strong> its<br />
own title proper, a collective title applying <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> group as<br />
a whole. The individual items may or may not be<br />
numbered.(12.) .{D= Serie; Es= 1) serie; cadena;<br />
sucesión; 2) película en episodios (por capítulos); F=<br />
séries; film à épisodes; feuille<strong>to</strong>n télévisé}.<br />
serrage de la bande .{F} * see tape pack .{E}.<br />
service copy .{E} * A copy created for use and intended for<br />
repeated playback; generally considered expendable. .{D=<br />
Arbeitskopie; Ansichtskopie; Es= copia para consulta; F=<br />
copie d'utilisation; copie de service; copie de distribution}.<br />
service duplicate .{E} * A duplicate <strong>of</strong> a service copy.(04.)<br />
.{D= Arbeitskopie; Es= duplicado de una copia de<br />
consulta; F= copie de service}.<br />
service transfer copy .{E} * see service copy.<br />
servomo<strong>to</strong>r de doble eje .{Es} * see two-axis actua<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
sesión de grabación .{Es} * see recording session .{E}.<br />
session d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording session .{E}.<br />
set .{E} * 1) In sound recordings, two or more recordings<br />
distributed as an album by <strong>the</strong> manufacturer, usually with<br />
an album or set number different from <strong>the</strong> individual issue<br />
numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> separate discs. 78-RPM sets were<br />
generally sold in book-like containers, although some<br />
manufacturers, particularly Europeans, occasionally<br />
distributed such sets in individual sleeves with no overall<br />
container or set number; see also album; box.(04.) 2) The
ackdrop in which a moving-image scene takes place. 3)<br />
A selection <strong>of</strong> songs and/or o<strong>the</strong>r musical selections<br />
played by a musical performer or group. .{D= 1) ?; 2)<br />
Dekoration; Bühne; 3) ?; Es= decorado; escenografía;<br />
plató; 1) ?; 2) decorado; escenografía; plató; 3) ?; F= 1)<br />
album; ensemble; 2) décor; plateau; 3) sélection de<br />
programme; ensemble}.<br />
set light .{E} * Auxiliary illumination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> background or<br />
set, in addition <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lighting supplied for <strong>the</strong> major<br />
subjects or areas. .{D= ?; Es= iluminación [alumbrado] del<br />
estudio; luces de estudio; F= éclairage d'appoint}.<br />
set-in .{E} * The procedure for establishing <strong>the</strong> beginning<br />
<strong>of</strong> a scene in a computer controlled video editing system.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= fijación de inicio (edición de vídeos); F=<br />
déclenchement début de séquence}.<br />
set-out .{E} * The procedure for establishing <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> a<br />
scene in a computer controlled video editing system. .{D=<br />
?; Es= fijación de final (edición de vídeos); F=<br />
déclenchement fin de séquence}.<br />
set-up .{E} * 1) The positioning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equipment in making<br />
an audiovisual document (i.e., <strong>the</strong> camera/s for<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphing still- or moving-images; microphone/s <strong>to</strong><br />
pick-up audio signals, etc.)(30.). 2) The black level <strong>of</strong> a<br />
video signal is <strong>the</strong> set-up; also referred <strong>to</strong> as <strong>the</strong> pedestal.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= montaje de elemen<strong>to</strong>s escénicos; poner un<br />
decorado; instalar equipos portátiles para una emisión; F=<br />
niveau de noir; installation de l'équipement; montagearrangement}.<br />
settling time .{E} * The time required for a circuit, such as<br />
a d/a converter, <strong>to</strong> reach a stable output value.39. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= tiempo de estabilización [fijación]; F= durée de<br />
stabilisation}.<br />
sh circuit .{E} * see sample-and-hold circuit.<br />
shadow .{E} * An area <strong>of</strong> low density in negative images<br />
and a high density in positive images.42. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
sombra; oscuridad; sombra arrojada; F= ombre}.<br />
shadow mask .{E} * see aperture mask .{E}.<br />
shadow-mask kinescope .{E} * An electronic device used<br />
in large screen video. It has largely been replaced by <strong>the</strong><br />
projection kinescope. .{D= ?; Es= cinescopio de placa<br />
perforada; cinescopio de máscara de sombra; F=<br />
kinescope (à masque d'ombre)}.<br />
shallow focus .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic technique using<br />
shallow depth <strong>of</strong> field <strong>to</strong> create a shallow focus plane,<br />
usually in order <strong>to</strong> direct <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
subject in that plane; see also deep focus, rack focus.(30.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= enfoque con poca pr<strong>of</strong>undidad de campo; F=<br />
faible pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur de cham}.<br />
sharpness .{E} * 1) The visual sensation (subjective) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
slope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boundary between a light and a dark area. 2)<br />
The degree <strong>of</strong> (line/edge) clarity.40. 3) Visual sensation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> abruptness <strong>of</strong> an edge.09. .{D= Schärfe; Es= nitidez;<br />
definición; delineación de con<strong>to</strong>rnos; fijar; nitidez; F= bloc<br />
de tête (optique); acuité; finesse; netteté}.<br />
shaver .{E} * 1) The device used <strong>to</strong> carry out <strong>the</strong> shaving<br />
<strong>of</strong> wax cylinders. 2) The person who shaved wax cylinders.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= raspador (operario); F= raboter}.<br />
shaving .{E} * A process <strong>of</strong> removing <strong>the</strong> playing grooves<br />
from a wax cylinder by paring <strong>the</strong> surface so that ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
recording could be made on it. The standard shaving<br />
device, or shaver, consisted <strong>of</strong> a sapphire edged knife<br />
fixed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> carrier-arm <strong>of</strong> a cylinder machine and engaged<br />
<strong>to</strong> bear lightly on <strong>the</strong> cylinder's surface while <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r, or<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r power source, was allowed <strong>to</strong> run fast, <strong>the</strong> shaver<br />
advancing down <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cylinder until <strong>the</strong> entire<br />
202<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cylinder was wiped clean <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous<br />
recording.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= afeitado; raspado; acción; F=<br />
rabotage; raser}.<br />
shedding .{E} * The loss <strong>of</strong> oxide or o<strong>the</strong>r particles from <strong>the</strong><br />
coating or backing <strong>of</strong> a magnetic tape, usually causing<br />
contamina-tion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape transport and, by redeposit, <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> tape itself.46. .{D= ?; Es= desprendimien<strong>to</strong> (de<br />
partículas de óxido de una cinta magnética); F= perte}.<br />
sheet .{E} * A single piece <strong>of</strong> paper, board, paper pulp,<br />
cellulose acetate film, etc. .{D= ?; Es= hoja; F= feuille}.<br />
sheet micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E} * Micr<strong>of</strong>ilm used in sheet ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
rolls. Generally <strong>the</strong> term applies <strong>to</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>iche.01. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= micr<strong>of</strong>icha; F= micr<strong>of</strong>ilm en feuille; feuille micr<strong>of</strong>ilm}.<br />
shelf .{E} * A thin, flat length <strong>of</strong> material (wood, metal, etc.),<br />
usually one <strong>of</strong> a set, built or set in<strong>to</strong> a frame or between<br />
two uprights or standards which support it, for <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
or materials.(22.) .{D= Regal; Regalbrett; Brett; Es= balda;<br />
entrepaño; anaquel; F= tablette}.<br />
shelf load .{E} * The maximum amount <strong>of</strong> weight a given<br />
shelf will hold. .{D= ?; Es= resistencia al peso de una<br />
balda; F= charge d'une tablette}.<br />
shell .{E} * A protective case for tape or film based<br />
materials in cassette or cartridge format. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
estuche [caja] protec<strong>to</strong>ra; F= boîtier}.<br />
shellac .{E} * 1) A term sometimes used, interchangeable<br />
with 78-RPM, <strong>to</strong> modify disc. 2) A <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic resin used<br />
as <strong>the</strong> basic ingredient in <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> disc recordings<br />
until supplanted by various vinyl formulations with <strong>the</strong><br />
advent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> microgroove LP disc. Shellac discs could be<br />
solid shellac s<strong>to</strong>ck or laminated on<strong>to</strong> a board, fibre, plastic<br />
or paper core.(04.) .{D= Shellack; Es= goma laca; F=<br />
laque; gomme-laque}.<br />
shellac record .{E} * A disc, usually played at a nominal 78-<br />
RPM, made <strong>of</strong> shellac. .{D= Shellakplatte; Es= disco de<br />
goma laca; F= disc laque}.<br />
Shellack .{D} * see shellac .{E}.<br />
Shellakplatte .{D} * see shellac record .{E}.<br />
shelving .{E} * 1) Collectively, <strong>the</strong> furniture upon which<br />
materials are s<strong>to</strong>red; also called racking. 2) The process <strong>of</strong><br />
placing materials on shelves.(22.) .{D= 1) Regalanlange;<br />
Regal; 2) Einlagerung; Magazinierung; Es= 1) estantería;<br />
2) estantear; poner [colocar] obje<strong>to</strong>s en estanterías; F= 1)<br />
rayonnage; 2) rangement}.<br />
shield front .{E} * A magnetic shield close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> front (<strong>to</strong>p)<br />
surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> read/write head <strong>of</strong> magnetic recorders <strong>to</strong><br />
reduce 'feed through', i.e., cross-feed.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
blindaje; pantalla; F= blindage}.<br />
shipping environment .{E} * 1) The physical conditions at<br />
<strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> or while shipping is taking place. 2) The<br />
recommended physical conditions for shipping, generally<br />
including a maximum and minimum temperature and<br />
relative humidity range, a maximum dew point, <strong>the</strong> range<br />
<strong>of</strong> altitude, <strong>the</strong> allowable levels <strong>of</strong> shock, and <strong>the</strong> allowable<br />
duration.(46.) .{D= klimatische Versandbedingungen;<br />
Versandbedingungen; Es= 1) estado físico de un obje<strong>to</strong> en<br />
el momen<strong>to</strong> de su envío; 2) condiciones ideales de envío;<br />
F= conditions de transport}.<br />
shock tensile strength .{E} * see impact strength.<br />
short .{E} * 1) A commercially released moving-image<br />
production that is brief in length, especially not more than<br />
three 35-mm reels (or <strong>the</strong> equivalent in time); not a<br />
feature.(12.) 2) In electronics a current path with no<br />
resistance is a short circuit. Usually, this is an abnormal
condition which causes an undesirable effect on <strong>the</strong><br />
electronic circuit. .{D= Kurzfilm; Es= cor<strong>to</strong>metraje; F= court<br />
métrage}.<br />
short-term film .{E} * Processed pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film with a<br />
shelf life expectancy <strong>of</strong> less than ten years; see also<br />
archival film; long-term film; medium-term film.(09.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= película de conservación a cor<strong>to</strong> plazo; F= film de<br />
conservation à court terme}.<br />
shot .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, 1) a single run<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera, 2) <strong>the</strong> sentence <strong>of</strong> film, and 3) <strong>the</strong> piece <strong>of</strong><br />
film resulting from such a run, regardless <strong>of</strong> however long<br />
or short without cuts, exposed continuously. A film may<br />
include more than a thousand shots or it may seem <strong>to</strong> be<br />
a single shot; see also aerial-, aster-, close--up-, detail-,<br />
dolly-, estab-lishing-, extreme long-, follow-, full long-,<br />
insert-, medium-, point <strong>of</strong> view-, scene sequence-, s<strong>to</strong>ck-,<br />
take-, tracking-, two-hot; camera angle; pan; zoom.(09.30.)<br />
.{D= Aufnahme; Einstellung; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma; plano; instantánea;<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>; F= plan; "prise" d'une scène}.<br />
shoulder .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, <strong>the</strong> high<br />
density portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic curve where <strong>the</strong> slope<br />
changes with constant changes in exposure for a negative<br />
film <strong>the</strong> slope decreases and fur<strong>the</strong>r changes in exposure<br />
(log h) finally produce no increase in density because <strong>the</strong><br />
maximum density <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film has been reached; for a<br />
reversal film <strong>the</strong> slope increases.(29.) .{D= ?; Es= resalte<br />
de una curva; hombro; F= épaule}.<br />
shrink wrap .{E} * A cellophane-type wrapper enclosing an<br />
item and its slipcase which is <strong>the</strong>rmally sealed before<br />
distribution. Frequently used with disc recordings. Since<br />
<strong>the</strong> material is stretched extremely snugly around <strong>the</strong><br />
packaging and can contract under high temperature,<br />
causing disc and/or container warpage; in spite <strong>of</strong> its<br />
usefulness <strong>to</strong> keep out unwanted pollutants and <strong>to</strong> give a<br />
reasonable buffer against atmospheric change, it should<br />
be removed from all packages.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= embalaje<br />
con papel cel<strong>of</strong>án termosellado; F= voile; emballage sous<br />
film rétractable}.<br />
shrinkage .{E} * The reduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dimensions <strong>of</strong> an item<br />
from its standard size.(06.) .{D= Schrumpfung; Es=<br />
contracción; disminución; merma; F= retrait;<br />
rétrécissemen}.<br />
shutter .{E} * 1) In a motion picture camera, <strong>the</strong><br />
mechanical device that shields <strong>the</strong> film from light at <strong>the</strong><br />
aperture during <strong>the</strong> film movement portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intermittent<br />
cycle. 2) A similar device in motion picture projec<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
for cutting <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> projection light during <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> film is<br />
moving at <strong>the</strong> aperture.(09.) .{D= Vershlusz;<br />
Umlaufblende; Es= obturador; F= obturateur}.<br />
shuttle .{E} * The fast fast forward and fast rewind <strong>of</strong> a film<br />
or magnetic tape. .{D= ?; Es= lanzadera; lanzamien<strong>to</strong><br />
(bobinado y rebobinado de una cinta de vídeo a alta<br />
velocidad); F= navette; mode de recherche rapise}.<br />
Sicherheitsfilm .{D} * see acetate film .{E}; safety film .{E};<br />
safety master .{E}.<br />
Sicherheitskopie .{D} * see backup copy .{E}; security copy<br />
.{E}.<br />
Sicherung-sverfilmung .{D} * see security micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E}.<br />
sifflement .{E} * see hiss .{E}.<br />
signal C .{F} * see C signal .{E}.<br />
signal d'entrée .{F} * see input signal .{E}.<br />
signal d'interférence (horizontal) .{F} * see glitch .{E}.<br />
203<br />
signal de chrominance .{F} * see chrominance signal .{E}.<br />
signal de différence de couleur .{F} * see colour difference<br />
signal .{E}.<br />
signal de réglage .{F} * see grating signal .{E}.<br />
signal I .{F} * see I signal .{E}.<br />
signal numérique .{F} * see digital signal .{E}.<br />
signal processing equipment .{E} * Any equipment or<br />
circuit that is used intentionally <strong>to</strong> change <strong>the</strong><br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> a signal (o<strong>the</strong>r than overall level or<br />
intensity). It consists <strong>of</strong> such devices as equalizers,<br />
limiters, phasers, delay lines, etc.(04.) .{D=<br />
Signalbearbeitungsgeräte; Es= equipo procesador de<br />
señales; F= dispositif de traitement du signal}.<br />
signal test .{F} * see test signal .{E}.<br />
Signal-Rausch-Abstand .{D} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio<br />
(SN) .{E}.<br />
signal-<strong>to</strong>-error ratio (SE) .{E} * The ratio <strong>of</strong> signal voltage<br />
<strong>to</strong> quanti-zation error voltage, typically expressed in<br />
deciBels.39. .{D= ?; Es= relación señal-error; F= rapport<br />
signal sur erreurs}.<br />
signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio (S/N) .{E} * 1) The ratio <strong>of</strong> signal<br />
voltage <strong>to</strong> noise voltage, typically expressed in<br />
deciBels.39. 2) The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time averaged signal power<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal noise power (dB) over a defined bandwidth.46.<br />
3) The ratio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> power output <strong>of</strong> a given signal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
noise ratio in a given bandwidth.46. 4) The ratio, measured<br />
in dB's, between <strong>the</strong> pure sound and <strong>the</strong> noise induced by<br />
<strong>the</strong> recording system itself.50. A high s/n ration means<br />
high quality sound and picture.(35.) .{D= Signal-Rausch-<br />
Abstand; Es= relación señal-ruido; F= rapport signal-bruit}.<br />
Signalbearbeitungsgeräte .{D} * see signal processing<br />
equipment .{E}.<br />
Signaldarstellung .{D} * see component coding .{E}.<br />
Signatur .{D} * see catalogue number (cat. no.) .{E}.<br />
signaux de synchronisation .{F} * see synchronization<br />
signals .{E}.<br />
Silber-Halogen-Film .{D} * see silver film .{E}.<br />
silbido .{Es} * see hiss .{E}.<br />
silica gel .{E} * A colloidal form <strong>of</strong> silica, available in <strong>the</strong><br />
form <strong>of</strong> pale amber coloured, highly absorbent granules,<br />
and used as a desiccant in dehumidifiers. When saturated,<br />
it can be dried by heating. Sometimes colour-coded<br />
particles are added which change colour when <strong>the</strong> gel has<br />
become saturated.45. .{D= Silikagel; Es= gel de sílice; F=<br />
silicagel}.<br />
silicagel .{F} * see silica gel .{E}.<br />
Silikagel .{D} * see silica gel .{E}.<br />
sillon .{F} * see groove .{E}.<br />
sillon à pas variable .{F} * see variable groove pitch .{E}.<br />
sillon concentrique .{F} * see concentric groove .{E}.<br />
sillon de test de vitesse .{F} * see speed testing grooves<br />
.{E}.<br />
sillon en spirale .{F} * see spiral groove .{E}.<br />
sillon excentré .{F} * see eccentric groove .{E}.
sillon fermé .{F} * see guard band .{E}.<br />
sillon final .{F} * see guard band .{E}.<br />
sillon large .{F} * see coarse groove .{E}.<br />
sillon par inch .{F} * see threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E}.<br />
sillon vierge .{F} * see blank groove .{E}.<br />
silver bromide .{E} * An extremely light-sensitive<br />
compound that is and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> principal components <strong>of</strong><br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic emulsions. .{D= ?; Es= bromuro de plata; F=<br />
bromure d'argent; argent bromure}.<br />
silver densi<strong>to</strong>metric method .{E} * see densi<strong>to</strong>metric<br />
method (silver).<br />
silver film .{E} * A still- or moving-image film which is<br />
sensitized with silver halide, includes non-gelatin dry-silver<br />
film as well as silver gelatin film which is coated with silver<br />
halide suspended in gelatin and is developed by a wet<br />
process. Silver film is consid-ered by many <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> only<br />
film suitable for archival permanence.(40.22.) .{D= Silber-<br />
Halogen-Film; Es= película de sales de plata; F= film<br />
argentique}.<br />
silver gelatin film .{E} * see silver film; gelatin.<br />
silver halide .{E} * A compound <strong>of</strong> silver and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
halogens; i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine.33. see<br />
also silver film. .{D= ?; Es= haluro de plata; F= halide<br />
d'argent ?}.<br />
silver halide film .{E} * see silver film.<br />
silver recovery .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> ecological steps<br />
that can be taken in <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> an audiovisual<br />
archive, this being <strong>the</strong> reclamation <strong>of</strong> precious metal, silver<br />
(Ag), ei<strong>the</strong>r from a film processing facility or from film<br />
which is being destroyed. There are four common methods<br />
<strong>of</strong> recovering silver from film processing solutions: metallic<br />
replacement, electrolytic plating, chemical precipitation,<br />
and ion exchange.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= recuperación de la<br />
plata; F= récupération de l'argent}.<br />
sin re<strong>to</strong>rno a cero invertido .{Es} * see non-return-<strong>to</strong>-zeroinverted<br />
(NRZI) .{E}.<br />
sincrónico .{Es} * see synchronous .{E}.<br />
sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization .{E}.<br />
sincronización de interferencia .{Es} * see jam sync .{E}.<br />
sincronización del diálogo (sonido) con las imágenes .{Es}<br />
* see lip sync .{E}.<br />
sincronización externa .{Es} * see external sync .{E}.<br />
sincronización horizontal subportadora .{Es} * see SC/H<br />
(1) .{E}.<br />
sincronización interior .{Es} * see internal sync .{E}.<br />
sincronizador de audio .{Es} * see audio frame<br />
synchronizer; audio synchronizer .{E}.<br />
sincronizar .{Es} * see synchronize .{E}.<br />
síncrono .{Es} * see synchronous .{E}.<br />
síndrome del vinagre .{Es} * see vinegar syndrome .{D;E}.<br />
sine wave .{E} * A fundamental wave form corresponding<br />
<strong>to</strong> a single frequency, without harmonics. 39. .{D=<br />
Sinusschwingung; Es= onda sinusoidal; F= onde<br />
sinusoïdale}.<br />
204<br />
single .{E} * A commercially issued 45-rpm analogue disc<br />
recording containing one title per side; <strong>the</strong> selection lasting<br />
approximately three (3) minutes duration; see also CDsingle.<br />
.{D= Single; Es= plano [<strong>to</strong>ma] de un personaje u<br />
obje<strong>to</strong>; simple; sencillo; F= disque simple duré; mono<br />
disque}.<br />
single domain particle .{E} * All ferromagnetic materials are<br />
composed <strong>of</strong> permanently magnetized regions in which <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic moments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> a<strong>to</strong>ms are ordered. These<br />
domains have a size determined by energy considerations.<br />
When a particle is small enough, it cannot support more<br />
than one domain and is called a single domain particle.46.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= partícula (ferromagnética) de dominio único;<br />
F= particule monodomaine}.<br />
single sided disc .{E} * A sound recording disc which has<br />
an audio signal recorded in<strong>to</strong> only one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= disco de una sola cara (grabadora); F= disque<br />
simple face}.<br />
single-beam tracking .{E} * An optical pickup design in<br />
which a single LASER spot is used for data recovery,<br />
tracking, and focusing.39. .{D= ?; Es= pista de haz único;<br />
F= suivi de piste avec spot unique}.<br />
single-frame exposure .{E} * The exposure <strong>of</strong> one frame <strong>of</strong><br />
motion picture film at a time, commonly used in animation<br />
and time-lapse.(09.) .{D= Einzelbild-Aufnahme; Einergang;<br />
Es= exposición imagen a imagen; exposición fo<strong>to</strong>grama a<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama; marcha imágen por imágen; fo<strong>to</strong>grama a<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>grama; F= exposition image par image; marche image<br />
par image}.<br />
single-system sound .{E} * In moving-image production,<br />
<strong>the</strong> system <strong>of</strong> recording audio directly on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> film while it<br />
is running through <strong>the</strong> camera, as opposed <strong>to</strong> doublesystem<br />
sound which uses a separate audio recorder <strong>to</strong><br />
record <strong>the</strong> sound while <strong>the</strong> image is being recorded on<strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> film.(09.30.) .{D= ?; Es= pista de sonido simple;<br />
grabación del sonido e imagen simultáneamente; F= son<br />
simple système; prise de vue et enregistrement sonore sur<br />
la même bande}.<br />
sinópsis .{Es} * see treatment .{E}.<br />
sintagma .{Es} * see syntagma .{E}.<br />
Sinusschwingung .{D} * see sine wave .{E}.<br />
sistema .{Es} * see system .{E}.<br />
sistema (NPR) no-fo<strong>to</strong>resistente (grabación de discos<br />
compac<strong>to</strong>s) .{Es} * see non-pho<strong>to</strong>resist (NPR) .{E}.<br />
sistema alámbrico .{Es} * see jeep .{E}.<br />
sistema cataóptrico .{Es} * see ca<strong>to</strong>ptric system .{E}.<br />
sistema de asignación de prioridades .{Es} * see triage<br />
.{E}.<br />
sistema de control distributivo .{Es} * see distributive<br />
control system (DCS) .{E}.<br />
sistema de duplicación de alta velocidad .{Es} * see<br />
master/slave .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
sistema de entrada-salida base .{Es} * see basic<br />
input/output system .{E}.<br />
sistema de operación en tiempo real .{Es} * see real-time<br />
operating system (RTOS) .{E}.<br />
sistema de origen .{Es} * see originating system .{E}.<br />
sistema de producción de micr<strong>of</strong>ichas .{Es} * see strip-up<br />
.{E}.
sistema de supresión de ruidos .{Es} * see noisesuppression<br />
system .{E}.<br />
sistema de televisión por cable .{Es} * see cable antenna<br />
television system .{E}.<br />
sistema de transmisión multicanal por cable .{Es} * see<br />
augmented channel system .{E}.<br />
sistema múltiple sub-Nyquist de muestreo y codificación<br />
.{Es} * see multiple sub-Nyquist sampling and encoding<br />
system (MUSE) .{E}.<br />
sistema para la proyección de un vídeo en un cine .{Es} *<br />
see Eidophor .{E}.<br />
sistema preciso de exposición au<strong>to</strong>mática .{Es} * see<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matic precision exposure system (apex system) .{E}.<br />
sistema protegido .{Es} * see authoring system .{E}.<br />
sistema recep<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see receiving system .{E}.<br />
sistema sustractivo de color .{Es} * see subtractive colour<br />
.{E}.<br />
sistema sustractivo de color .{Es} * see subtractive colour<br />
.{E}.<br />
Sistema de Vídeo Casero .{Es} * see VHS .{E}.<br />
Sistema Múltiple sub-Nyquist de Muestreo y Codificación<br />
.{Es} * see MUSE .{E}.<br />
sistematizador .{Es} * see processor .{E}.<br />
Skartierung .{D} * see disposal .{E}.<br />
skating .{D;E;F} * When <strong>the</strong> pickup or stylus climbs over or<br />
rides on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove walls <strong>of</strong> a disc instead <strong>of</strong><br />
tracking within <strong>the</strong>m; see also groove skating. .{Es=<br />
empuje lateral}.<br />
skew .{E} * see tape skew.<br />
Skew .{D} * see tape skew .{E}.<br />
slant shot .{E} * see helical scan.<br />
slant track .{E} * see helical scan. .{D= ?; Es= pista<br />
oblicua; F= piste en biais}.<br />
slate .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, <strong>the</strong> identifying<br />
sequence preceding or following a scene or programme.<br />
2) The scenes containing <strong>the</strong> clapper board<br />
information.(10.) 3) In sound recordings, a voice or<br />
talkback signal recording an announcement or identifying<br />
information directly on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording before any<br />
programme content. In some cases it includes only <strong>the</strong><br />
recorder's voice, in o<strong>the</strong>rs it includes <strong>the</strong> voice and a low<br />
frequency <strong>to</strong>ne mixed in. Its purpose is <strong>to</strong> identify material<br />
being recorded and, on a tape recording, <strong>to</strong> enable quick<br />
location <strong>of</strong> a desired portion by counting <strong>the</strong> 'beeps' (sound<br />
<strong>of</strong> a 'slate' at rewind or fast forward speed) until <strong>the</strong> desired<br />
segment is positioned for playback.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
claqueta; F= annonce; tableau de numérotage; claquette;<br />
clap}.<br />
slating .{E} * see slate.<br />
sleeve .{E} * 1) The container for a disc recording. 2) The<br />
inner paper, glassine, or polyethylene protective envelope<br />
for a disc audio recording within a cardboard/paper outer<br />
jacket (slipcase); usually associated with LPs (NB There<br />
are also specially manufactured, acid-free sleeves used for<br />
record protec-tion in archival situations); sometimes called<br />
205<br />
jacket; inner jacket; liner; slipcase.(04.) .{D= Schutzhülle;<br />
Es= funda [carpeta] (discos fonográficos); F= pochette;<br />
chemise}.<br />
slewing .{E} * A procedure that a computer controlled<br />
videotape editing system uses <strong>to</strong> steer <strong>the</strong> assigned<br />
machines during preroll. The computer slews <strong>the</strong> machines<br />
so that <strong>the</strong>y will be in sync at <strong>the</strong> edit point. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
giro; rotación (rápido); F= procédure d'asservissement}.<br />
slide .{E} * A transparent positive image (usually<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic) on film or glass, intended for projection on<br />
a slide viewer or slide projec<strong>to</strong>r; image area may vary from<br />
microimage <strong>to</strong> 3¼ x 4-inches (called a lantern slide). Most<br />
slides, o<strong>the</strong>r than those which are ei<strong>the</strong>r 3¼ x 4-inches or<br />
2¼ x 2¼-inches, are mounted in a cardboard or plastic<br />
frame whose outside dimensions are 2 x 2-inches. The<br />
predominantly used slide is a transparency <strong>of</strong> 35-mm<br />
colour film mounted in a 2 x 2-inch frame.(01.22.) .{D=<br />
Diapositiv; Standbild; Positiv; Es= diapositiva; vista fija;<br />
transparencia; F= vue fixe; diapositive}.<br />
slide mount .{E} * A cardboard or plastic frame in which a<br />
film slide is placed for s<strong>to</strong>rage and projection. .{D=<br />
Diapositiv-Wechselschlitten; Es= marco para diapositivas;<br />
F= cadre; châssis passe-vues}.<br />
sling psychrometer .{E} * A hygrometer composed <strong>of</strong> two<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmometers, one a dry bulb, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r a wet bulb,<br />
attached <strong>to</strong> a handle so <strong>the</strong>y can be swung around while<br />
taking a temperature reading. The wet bulb <strong>the</strong>rmometer<br />
has a fabric sleeve or wick fitted over <strong>the</strong> mercury bulb.<br />
The wick must be kept wet with distilled water when a<br />
reading is being taken. After swinging <strong>the</strong> instrument for<br />
two or three minutes, readings are taken from both<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmometers, recorded, and entered in<strong>to</strong> a hygrometric<br />
table. Where <strong>the</strong> two readings cross on <strong>the</strong> scale is <strong>the</strong><br />
relative humidity. .{D= ?; Es= psicrómetro gira<strong>to</strong>rio; F=<br />
psychromètre}.<br />
slip sheet .{E} * A smooth, non-damaging protective sheet<br />
which is inserted between <strong>the</strong> window board and art<br />
work.47. .{D= ?; Es= hoja protec<strong>to</strong>ra; F= feuille<br />
intercalaire; feuille de protection pour cellulo}.<br />
slipcase .{E} * 1) A container used for s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> an item.<br />
The simplest form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slipcase is a cloth- or papercovered<br />
box made <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r wood or paper board with one<br />
open edge in<strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> item is slipped.(45.) Slipcases do<br />
not provide safe s<strong>to</strong>rage from a conservation standpoint.<br />
Materials are rubbed every time <strong>the</strong>y are slid in and out <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> case.(44.) 2) In phonorecordings, <strong>the</strong> outer container<br />
for a disc recording is usually made <strong>of</strong> paper/cardboard,<br />
and -for LPs- displays credits, pic<strong>to</strong>rial information, titles,<br />
narrative information (sometimes referred <strong>to</strong> as liner<br />
notes), etc. It is usually open on one end only, for slipping<br />
<strong>the</strong> disc in and out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> container; see also album;<br />
sleeve.04. .{D= Plattentasche; Cover; Es= contenedor;<br />
caja; funda; carpeta; F= 1) boîte 2) pochett; chemise}.<br />
slitting .{E} * Process by which film roll and magnetic tape<br />
is split in<strong>to</strong> narrower widths.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= división de la<br />
bobina; F= division de la bande}.<br />
Slo-mo .{E} * A video production technique referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
process, electronic equipment, and <strong>the</strong> opera<strong>to</strong>r who plays<br />
program video back in a slower than real time or in a still<br />
frame. .{D= ?; Es= ralentí; cámara lenta; F= ?}.<br />
slow motion .{E} * A moving-image production technique<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> action or motion is shown slower than was<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphed. The effect is produced by shooting at a<br />
higher frame rate than used in projection; see also<br />
speed.(09.30.) .{D= Zeitdehner; Es= ralentí; cámara lenta;<br />
F= ralenti; film <strong>to</strong>urné au ralenti}.<br />
slow-scan .{E} * A video production effect in which <strong>the</strong><br />
speed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> videotape is reduced as it passes <strong>the</strong> head
drum assembly. This technique is used in recorders <strong>to</strong><br />
document long periods <strong>of</strong> time for surveillance. It is also<br />
used in playback modes <strong>to</strong> examine individual frames <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> video. .{D= ?; Es= exploración lenta; F= ralenti; à<br />
balayage lent}.<br />
SLP .{E} * acronym for super long play.<br />
small computer standard inter-face (SCSI) .{E} * A<br />
standard 8-bit parallel interface for computers used <strong>to</strong><br />
connect peripherals, such as connecting a CD-ROM player<br />
<strong>to</strong> a microcom-puter. (Scsi is pronounced 'scuzzy')39. .{D=<br />
?; Es= interconexión estándar para ordenadores<br />
personales; F= SCSI}.<br />
SMD .{E} * acronym for specific materials designation.<br />
smear .{E} * A video aberration caused by inadequate<br />
frequency or phase response. It visually is seen as white<br />
or black portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture bleeding over in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
adjacent video image. .{D= ?; Es= mancha (borrosidad de<br />
la imagen); F= défaut; tâche lumineuse}.<br />
smoothing filter .{E} * see anti-imaging filter.<br />
SMPTE .{E} * acronym for Society <strong>of</strong> Motion-Picture and<br />
Television Engineers.<br />
SMPTE/ANSI Frame Coding .{E} * The electronic process<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> individual frames <strong>of</strong> video are identified by a<br />
unique code. The SMPTE/ANSI TIME CODE was<br />
developed for this purpose and has two formats, <strong>the</strong><br />
longitudinal time code (LTC) and <strong>the</strong> vertical interval time<br />
code (VITC). This timecode can also be recorded in <strong>the</strong><br />
actual video image <strong>to</strong> assist in assembling an edit decision<br />
list (EDL) in an <strong>of</strong>f-line editing system. .{D= ?; Es= marco<br />
de codificación SMPTE/ANSI; F= codage de trame<br />
SMPTE/ANSI}.<br />
SN .{E} * acronym for signal <strong>to</strong> noise<br />
SN ratio .{E} * see signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio.<br />
sobrebarrido .{Es} * see overscan .{E}.<br />
sobrecarga .{Es} * see overload .{E}.<br />
sobrecubierta .{Es} * see dust jacket .{E}.<br />
sobredesviación .{Es} * see overscan; over-exposure .{E}.<br />
sobreexposición .{Es} * see over-exposure .{E}.<br />
sobregrabación .{Es} * see over-dub .{E}.<br />
sobreimpresión de imagen .{Es} * see bleed through .{E}.<br />
sobremodulación .{Es} * see overmodulation .{E}.<br />
sobremuestro .{Es} * see over-sampling .{E}.<br />
Society <strong>of</strong> Motion-Picture and Television Engineers<br />
(SMPTE) .{D;E;Es;F} * A pr<strong>of</strong>essional moving-image<br />
engineering society that, among o<strong>the</strong>r activities, helps<br />
establish standards, including a time code standard.39.<br />
sodium thiosulphate .{E} * see hypo.<br />
SOF .{E} * acronym for sound on film. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
acrónimo de Sonido Sobre la Película; F= son sur film}.<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t core material .{E} * 1) In magnetic tape recording, s<strong>of</strong>t<br />
metal laminations bonded <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> form <strong>the</strong> core; typical<br />
lamination thickness is 0.0005 <strong>to</strong> 0.004-inches; usually a<br />
high nickel/iron alloy. These materials have a relatively<br />
poor wear rate.(46.) 2) Pornographic materials (litera-ture,<br />
film, video, etc.) that contain suggestive material <strong>of</strong> a<br />
sexual nature, but not explicit nor graphic sexual acts; see<br />
206<br />
also hard core material. .{D= ?; Es= 1) núcleo (cintas<br />
magnéticas); 2) película de contenido erótico; F= 1) noyau<br />
2) pornographique léger}.<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t focus .{E} * A moving-image production technique<br />
which uses an image which is slightly out <strong>of</strong> focus.<br />
Produced by means <strong>of</strong> actually controlling <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
lens or by means <strong>of</strong> special fil-ters.(30.) .{D=<br />
Weichzeichner; Es= flou; desenfocado artistico; F= flou<br />
artistique; flou; non piqué}.<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tener .{E} * see plasticizer.<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware .{D;E;Es} * 1) The set <strong>of</strong> programs, procedures,<br />
and related documentation associated with a system,<br />
especially a computer system. 2) Materials for use with<br />
audiovisual equipment, usually contrasted with<br />
hardware.(22.39.) .{F= logiciel; Es= logical; logicial;<br />
elemen<strong>to</strong>s de programación}.<br />
S<strong>of</strong>tware .{D} * see s<strong>of</strong>tware .{E}.<br />
Sohn .{F} .{D} * see stamper .{E}.<br />
solapa .{Es} * see flange .{E}.<br />
solapamien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see aliasing (2) .{E}.<br />
solarisation .{F} * see solarization .{E}.<br />
solarización .{Es} * see solarization .{E}.<br />
solarization .{E} * The process <strong>of</strong> reversal or shift <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
colour spectrum in a moving-image production scene <strong>to</strong><br />
create an abstract or dis<strong>to</strong>rted effect. Reds become blues,<br />
blues become yellows, etc.30. .{D= ?; Es= solarización; F=<br />
solarisation}.<br />
solvant .{F} * see solvent .{E}.<br />
solvent .{E} * A liquid that can disolve or disperse one or<br />
more materials. .{D= Lösungsmittel; Es= disolvente; F=<br />
solvant}.<br />
solvent aqueux .{F} * see aqueous solvent .{E}.<br />
solvent non aqueux .{F} * see nonaqueous solvent .{E}.<br />
SOM .{Es} * see computer output micr<strong>of</strong>ilm/micr<strong>of</strong>orm<br />
(COM) .{E}.<br />
sombra .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.<br />
sombra arrojada .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.<br />
sombra visual .{Es} * see drop shadow .{E}.<br />
sommaire .{F} * see summary .{E}.<br />
somme de vérification .{F} * see checksum .{E}.<br />
son .{F} * see audio; sound .{E}.<br />
son asynchrone .{F} * see asynchronous sound .{E}.<br />
son de repérage .{F} * see slate <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
son débordant d'un plan sur l'autre .{F} * see overlap<br />
sound .{E}.<br />
son direct (piste son sur pellicule) .{F} * see direct sound<br />
.{E}.<br />
son maîgre .{F} * see boxy .{E}.<br />
son naturel .{F} * see actual sound .{E}.<br />
son réverbéré .{F} * see hard sound .{E}.
son separé synchrone .{F} * see double-system sound;<br />
.{E}.<br />
son simple système .{F} * see single-system sound .{E}.<br />
son sourd .{F} * see boomy .{E}.<br />
son stéréophonique .{F} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.<br />
son sur bande .{F} * see SOT .{E}.<br />
son sur film .{F} * see SOF .{E}.<br />
son synchrone .{F} * see synchronous sound .{E}.<br />
son test .{F} * see test <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
sonido .{Es} * see audio .{E}; sound .{E}; <strong>to</strong>ne (1, 4, 5, 6)<br />
.{E}.<br />
sonido acompasado .{Es} * see tick (1) .{E}.<br />
sonido ambiente .{Es} * see presence .{E}; room noise<br />
.{E}.<br />
sonido añadido .{Es} * see commentative sound .{E}.<br />
sonido asincrónico .{Es} * see asynchronous sound .{E}.<br />
sonido de granulación .{Es} * see granulation noise .{E}.<br />
sonido direc<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see direct sound .{E}.<br />
sonido doblado .{Es} * see commentative sound .{E}.<br />
sonido estere<strong>of</strong>ónico .{Es} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.<br />
sonido natural .{Es} * see actual sound .{E}.<br />
sonido reverberador .{Es} * see hard sound .{E}.<br />
sonido seco breve .{Es} * see tick (2) .{E}.<br />
sonido separado .{Es} * see double-system sound .{E}.<br />
sonido sincrónico .{Es} * see synchronous sound .{E}.<br />
sonido solapado .{Es} * see overlap sound .{E}.<br />
Sonido en la Cinta .{Es} * see SOT .{E}.<br />
Sonido Sobre la Película .{Es} * see SOF .{E}.<br />
sonoridad .{Es} * see loudness .{E}.<br />
sonoriser .{F} * see dub .{E}.<br />
sonorizar .{Es} * see dub .{E}.<br />
sonoro .{Es} * see sound .{E}.<br />
Sonotrack Coating .{D;E;Es;F} * A particular type <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic oxide coating that can be applied along <strong>the</strong> edge<br />
<strong>of</strong> processed 8-mm, super 8, and 16-mm motion picture<br />
film.09.<br />
soporte .{Es} * see base .{E;Es}; carrier .{E}; celluloid (1,<br />
2) .{E;F}; medium (media) .{E}.<br />
soporte de aceta<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see acetate base .{E}.<br />
soporte de arrollamien<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see mandrel .{E}.<br />
soporte de la aguja de un <strong>to</strong>cadiscos .{Es} * see stylus bar<br />
.{E}.<br />
soporte de la película .{Es} * see film base .{E}.<br />
207<br />
soporte de papel .{Es} * see paper support .{E}.<br />
soporte de refuerzo .{Es} * see backing .{E}.<br />
soporte de trompa .{Es} * see horn support .{E}.<br />
soporte de vidrio .{Es} * see glass support .{E}.<br />
soporte físico .{Es} * see physical carrier .{E}.<br />
soporte metálico .{Es} * see metallic support .{E}.<br />
soporte opaco .{Es} * see opaque support .{E}.<br />
soporte película .{Es} * see film base .{E}.<br />
soporte plástico .{Es} * see plastic support .{E}.<br />
soporte sonoro mecánico .{Es} * see mechanical sound<br />
carrier .{E}.<br />
soporte superior .{Es} * see <strong>to</strong>p plate .{E}.<br />
sortie .{F} * see output .{E}.<br />
sortie d'un film .{F} * see release .{E}.<br />
sound {E} * 1) A variation in air pressure which, within<br />
frequency limits from about 20 Hz, <strong>to</strong> 20,000 Hz is audible<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> human ear.39. 2) Moving-image materials also<br />
carrying soundtracks, as opposed <strong>to</strong> silents.(10.) .{D= Ton;<br />
Schall; Es= sonido; sonoro; F= son; sonore}..<br />
sound archives .{E} * see audio archives.<br />
sound box .{E} * The device which, via <strong>the</strong> stylus and<br />
diaphragm, collects impulses from acoustically recorded<br />
discs and cylinders and conveys <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> an amplifying<br />
horn; see also reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= lec<strong>to</strong>r acústico;<br />
F= caisse de résonance}.<br />
sound effects .{E} * Any sound in a moving-image<br />
production from a source o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> tracks bearing<br />
synchronized dialogue, narration, or music. Sound effects<br />
are commonly introduced on<strong>to</strong> a master track in <strong>the</strong> rerecording<br />
step, usually with <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> enhancing <strong>the</strong><br />
illusion <strong>of</strong> reality in <strong>the</strong> finished presentation.09. .{D=<br />
Geräusche; Geräuscheffekte; Es= efec<strong>to</strong>s sonoros; F=<br />
bruitage; effets sonores}.<br />
sound magnifier .{E} * A device incorporated in<strong>to</strong> an<br />
acoustic cylinder or disc machine for increasing <strong>the</strong><br />
volume <strong>of</strong> sound output.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= amplificador<br />
sonoro; F= amplificateur sonore}.<br />
sound negative .{E} * Negative film which contains <strong>the</strong><br />
reproduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soundtrack <strong>of</strong> motion picture<br />
production without <strong>the</strong> picture.(06.) .{D= Tonnegativ; Es=<br />
1) negativo sonoro; 2) negativo de sonido; F= négatif son;<br />
son negatif}.<br />
sound positive .{E} * Positive film which contains <strong>the</strong><br />
reproduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soundtrack <strong>of</strong> a moving-image<br />
production without <strong>the</strong> picture. .{D= Tonpositiv; Es= 1)<br />
positivo sonoro; 2) positivo de sonido; F= son positif;<br />
positif son}.<br />
sound recorder .{E} * Equipment for recording and<br />
reproducing sound signals on magnetic tape.06. .{D=<br />
Schallaufnahmegerät; Tonaufnahmegerät; Es= grabador<br />
de sonido; F= emregistreur de son}.<br />
sound recording .{E} * 1) An artifact which has been<br />
constructed and used for <strong>the</strong> specific purpose <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ring a<br />
representation <strong>of</strong> energy for <strong>the</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
reproduction in <strong>the</strong> audio portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum.04. 2)<br />
The fixation <strong>of</strong> audio signals on<strong>to</strong> an appropriate carrier,
such as cylinder, disc, tape, film, or o<strong>the</strong>r medium. 3) The<br />
artifact resulting from such fixation; also called a<br />
phonogram; see also audio.(07.22.) .{D=<br />
Tonaufzeichnung; Es= grabación sonora; cinta sonora;<br />
disco sonora; F= enregistrement sonore; magné<strong>to</strong>phone;<br />
prise de son}.<br />
sound-on-sound .{D;E} * A method in which previously<br />
recorded material on one audio track may be re-recorded<br />
on ano<strong>the</strong>r audio track while simultaneously adding new<br />
audio material; also known as overdubbing.(50.) .{F=<br />
doublage; Es= grabación sobre grabación}.<br />
soundtrack .{E} * 1) The portion <strong>of</strong> a length <strong>of</strong> a movingimage<br />
production reserved for <strong>the</strong> sound record. In motion<br />
picture productions <strong>the</strong> soundtrack <strong>to</strong>day is generally<br />
recorded on<strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong> film using one <strong>of</strong> two methods (optical or<br />
magnetic), although his<strong>to</strong>rically <strong>the</strong> soundtrack was on<br />
<strong>to</strong>tally separate media (audio cylinders, discs, etc.). Optical<br />
tracks operate by <strong>the</strong> modula-tion <strong>of</strong> a beam <strong>of</strong> light<br />
creating a band on <strong>the</strong> film which widens and narrows, <strong>to</strong><br />
indicate different sounds; magnetic tracks are essentially<br />
magnetic tape recordings which are a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> motion<br />
picture film. 2) Any length <strong>of</strong> motion picture film bearing<br />
sound only, or <strong>the</strong> portion <strong>of</strong> a composite film which<br />
contains <strong>the</strong> accompanying audio signal. 3) A track <strong>of</strong><br />
video tape containing an audio recording. 4) The (linear)<br />
zone <strong>of</strong> subsequent data recorded on an magnetic or<br />
optical medium; see also stereophonic sound;<br />
track.(06.09.) .{D= 1&3) Tonfilm; Tonspur; Es= 1) banda<br />
sonora; 3) pista de sonido; F= 1) bande son; 3) piste<br />
sonore}.<br />
soundtrack print .{E} * A motion picture positive <strong>of</strong> a<br />
soundtrack. .{D= ?; Es= impresión [edición] de la banda<br />
sonora; F= tirage positif piste son}.<br />
soupape .{F} * see pallet .{E}.<br />
source de référence .{F} * see reference source .{E}.<br />
source première d'informations .{F} * see chief source <strong>of</strong><br />
information .{E}.<br />
source principale .{F} * see principal source .{E}.<br />
source secondaire .{F} * see B reel .{E}.<br />
sources de référence (cat) .{F} * see prescribed source<br />
.{E}.<br />
sous couche de fixation .{F} * see subbing .{E}.<br />
sous en-tête .{F} * see sub-header .{E}.<br />
sous porteuse chrominance .{F} * see colour subcarrier<br />
.{E}.<br />
sous-code .{F} * see sub-code .{E}.<br />
sous-exposition .{F} * see under-exposure .{E}.<br />
sous-porteuse couleur .{F} * see colour subcarrier .{E}.<br />
sous-porteuse couleur (vid) .{F} * see subcarrier horizontal<br />
phasing .{E}.<br />
sous-porteuse couleur (vid){F} * see subcarrier .{E}.<br />
sous-titre .{F} * see caption .{E}.<br />
SP .{E} * acronym for standard play.<br />
Spaltablagerungen .{D} * see gap smear .{E}.<br />
Spalteinstellung .{D} * see azimuth adjustment .{E}.<br />
Span .{D} * see chip .{E}.<br />
208<br />
Spannungsverstärkung .{D} * see gamma .{E;Es}.<br />
SPARS .{D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Society for Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Audio Recording Studios.<br />
SPARS code .{D;E;Es;F} * A three-letter code on CDs<br />
which indicates <strong>the</strong> analogue (A) or digital (D) techniques<br />
for recording, mixing and editing, and mastering (i.e., DDD<br />
= digital techniques in all three stages; ADD = analogue<br />
recording, digital mixing and editing, and digital mastering;<br />
aaD = analogue recording, analogue mixing and editing,<br />
and digital mastering).<br />
spatial alias .{E} * see alias.<br />
speaker .{E} * An electroacoustic transducer used for<br />
converting an electrical signal in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mechanical<br />
vibrations that cause sound waves; also known as<br />
loudspeaker; see also reproducer. .{D= Lautsprecher; Es=<br />
1) altavoz; 2) locu<strong>to</strong>r; presentador; F= haut-parleur}.<br />
special effects .{E} * 1) A very general term for a wide<br />
range <strong>of</strong> devices and effects used in moving-image<br />
production, including some kinds <strong>of</strong> work by stunt men,<br />
model shots, opticals, in-camera effects, matte shots, front<br />
and rear projection, solarization, and much more.(30.) 2)<br />
Any moving-image shot unobtainable by straight forward<br />
shooting techniques, including multiple-image montages<br />
split screens, vignetting, models, etc.(09.) .{D=<br />
Spezialeffekte; Es= efec<strong>to</strong>s especiales; F= effets<br />
spéciaux}.<br />
specific materials designa<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * In a bibliographic<br />
citation, <strong>the</strong> term indicating <strong>the</strong> special class <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
(usually <strong>the</strong> class <strong>of</strong> a physical object) <strong>to</strong> which an item<br />
belongs, e.g., videocassette.12. .{D= ?; Es= diseñador de<br />
materiales especiales [específicos]; F= désignation<br />
matériel}.<br />
spécifications mécaniques .{F} * see mechanical<br />
specifications .{E}.<br />
spectral distribution .{E} * The range and proportion <strong>of</strong><br />
wavelengths radiated by a particular illuminant.09. .{D=<br />
Spektrale Verterlung; Es= distribución espectral; F=<br />
distribution spectrale}.<br />
spectre .{F} * see spectrum .{E}.<br />
spectre audio .{F} * see audio spectrum .{E}.<br />
spectre visible .{F} * see visual range .{E}.<br />
spectropho<strong>to</strong>meter .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>sensitive instrument used<br />
<strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong> relative intensity <strong>of</strong> transmitted or reflected<br />
light in <strong>the</strong> spectrum; see also density.01. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
espectr<strong>of</strong>otómetro; F= spectrophotre}.<br />
spectropho<strong>to</strong>mètre .{F} * see spectropho<strong>to</strong>meter .{E}.<br />
spectrum .{E} * A distribution <strong>of</strong> frequencies in a<br />
bandwidth. 39. .{D= Spektrum; Es= espectro; F= spectre}.<br />
Speicher .{D} * see memory .{E}.<br />
Speichermedium .{D} * see medium (media) .{E}.<br />
Spektrale Empfindlichkeit .{D} * see spectral sensitivity<br />
.{E}.<br />
Spektrale Verterlung .{D} * see spectral distribution .{E}.<br />
Spektrum .{D} * see spectrum .{E}.}.<br />
Sperrgreifer .{D} * see registration pin .{E}.<br />
Sperrung .{D} * see restricted access .{E}.
Spezialeffekte .{D} * see special effects .{E}.<br />
spherical aberration .{E} * In optics, those imperfections in<br />
a lens that cause dis<strong>to</strong>rtion in <strong>the</strong> shapes <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphed<br />
objects. Rays (abaxial) striking <strong>the</strong> outer or peripheral<br />
portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se lenses focus at a point nearer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens<br />
than <strong>the</strong> light rays (paraxial) falling on <strong>the</strong> lens axis. The<br />
result is that <strong>the</strong> image is never sharp; see anastigmatic<br />
lens; paraxial. .{D= ?; Es= aberración esférica; F=<br />
aberration sphérique}.<br />
Spieler .{D} * see player .{E}.<br />
spine title .{E} * The title that appears on <strong>the</strong> spine <strong>of</strong> a<br />
volume or container. .{D= ?; Es= título del lomo; F= ?}.<br />
spiral groove .{E} * The lead-in or leadout groove <strong>of</strong> a<br />
grooved disc recording, so called because it traces <strong>the</strong><br />
pattern <strong>of</strong> a spiral on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disc; see also<br />
spiral track.(04.) .{D= spiralige Rille; Es= estría espiral; F=<br />
sillon en spirale}.<br />
spiral track .{E} * The pit track spiral physically encoding<br />
data on a CD, running from <strong>the</strong> innermost region <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
outermost; see also spiral groove.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= pista<br />
en espiral; F= piste en spirale}.<br />
spiralige Rille .{D} * see spiral groove .{E}.<br />
Spitze .{D} * see peak .{E}.<br />
Spitzenwertanzeiger .{D} * see peak programme meter<br />
(PPM) .{E}.<br />
splash .{E} * A video effect that is obtained by using a<br />
single frame recorded from a rapid camera zoom back. It<br />
is an intentional dis<strong>to</strong>rtion that is used as a special effect<br />
in production. .{D= ?; Es= salpicadura (efec<strong>to</strong> vídeo){x; F=<br />
?(effet vidéo)}.<br />
splice .{E} * The joining <strong>of</strong> two pieces <strong>of</strong> film or tape<br />
materials <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r by cementing, taping, or spacing<br />
materials, etc., using various devices (cement, splicing<br />
tape, ultrasonic welding, etc.).(04.06.22.) .{D=<br />
Klebeverbindung; Kleben; Es= empalmar; empalme; F=<br />
collure; collage}.<br />
splicing block .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a nonmagnetic<br />
metal block with a channel that holds magnetic<br />
tape in precise alignment during <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> splicing.<br />
Additional straight and diagonal grooves provide a path for<br />
a razor blade <strong>to</strong> follow for cutting <strong>the</strong> tape precisely before<br />
splicing; also known as a splicer.04. .{D= Klebeschiene;<br />
Es= bloque de empalme [montaje]; F= bloc de montage;<br />
gabarit de collag}.<br />
splicing tape .{E} * 1) A special, pressure-sensitive<br />
adhesive strip used in splicing. 2) For magnetic materials,<br />
a special, pressure-sensitive, non-magnetic adhesive strip<br />
used <strong>to</strong> join two pieces <strong>of</strong> recording tape. In order <strong>to</strong><br />
prevent dirt buildup on <strong>the</strong> recording heads or tape guide,<br />
and <strong>to</strong> prevent adjacent layers <strong>of</strong> recording tape from<br />
sticking <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, splicing tape uses a special<br />
adhesive.(04.) .{D= Klebeband; Es= cinta para hacer<br />
empalmes; F= ruban de montage}.<br />
split screen .{E} * Two separate images within <strong>the</strong> frame <strong>of</strong><br />
a moving-image production, an effect accomplished on film<br />
on an optical printer and on video by electronic means;<br />
see also multiple image.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= pantalla dividida;<br />
divisiones en la imagen; F= écran pour montage}.<br />
spoking .{E} * A form <strong>of</strong> buckling on magnetic tape and<br />
motion picture film in which <strong>the</strong> tape/film is deformed in<strong>to</strong><br />
a shape that approximates a polygon.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> radial; F= déformation en polygone}.<br />
sponsor .{E} * A person or corporate body who<br />
209<br />
commissions and/or finances <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> an audio<br />
and/or moving-image work, usually for o<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong>atrical<br />
exhibition, and almost always for fur<strong>the</strong>rance <strong>of</strong> public<br />
relations, or similar purposes.(12.) .{D= Sponsor;<br />
Kommanditist; Gesellschafter; Es= coproduc<strong>to</strong>r;<br />
patrocinador; anunciante; F= garant; commanditaire}.<br />
Sponsor .{D} * see sponsor .{E}.<br />
spool .{E} * 1) A roll with a flange on which strip film,<br />
magnetic tape or wire is wound for handling. 2) The<br />
resulting package; see also reel.(04.06.09.20.) .{D= Rolle;<br />
Spule; Es= bobina; carrete; F= bobine; rouleau; tambour}.<br />
spot d'analyse .{F} * see scanning beam .{E}.<br />
spot ionique .{F} * see ion spot .{E}.<br />
spot recording .{E} * see instantaneous recording.<br />
spotting .{E} * 1) The process <strong>of</strong> listing <strong>the</strong> sound cues,<br />
special effects, narration timing, etc., on a tape or film. 2)<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> spotlights, as opposed <strong>to</strong> floodlights. 3) The<br />
process <strong>of</strong> determining <strong>the</strong> precise location <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
words or sounds on a film soundtrack, usually<br />
accompanied by utilizing a moviola or sound reader.(10.)<br />
4) The act <strong>of</strong> locating a specific point in an audio or<br />
moving-image document for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> avoiding<br />
having <strong>to</strong> play unwanted materials or portions. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
1) listado de sonidos y efec<strong>to</strong>s especiales; 2) uso de<br />
pun<strong>to</strong>s de luz al<strong>to</strong>s; 3 y 4) localización exacta de palabras<br />
o sonidos en una banda sonora mediante moviola; F= 1)<br />
listage des séquences son 2) utilisation de spots de<br />
lumière 3) localisation d'évènements sonores 4) sélection<br />
d'évènements sonores ou d'images vidéo indésirables}.<br />
Sprechende Puppe .{D} * see talking doll record .{E}.<br />
Sprechkopf .{D} * see recording head .{E}.<br />
Sprechmaschine .{D} * see talking machine .{E}.<br />
spröd .{D} * see brittle .{E}.<br />
Sprödheit .{D} * see brittleness .{E}.<br />
Sprossenschrift .{D} * see variable-density soundtrack .{E}.<br />
Sprtizguß .{D} * see injection moulding .{E}.<br />
Spule .{D} * see open reel .{E}; reel .{E}.<br />
Spulengeräte .{D} * see reel <strong>to</strong> reel .{E}.<br />
Spulstärke .{D} * see reel pack .{E}.<br />
Spur .{D} * see track .{E}.<br />
Spurfehler .{D} * see tracking error .{E}.<br />
Spurlage .{D} * see track configuration .{E}.<br />
square back .{E} * see flat back.<br />
squeal .{E} * The audible noise caused by alternate<br />
sticking and release <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape as it plays or runs<br />
through equipment. May occur at heads, pressure pads, or<br />
guides where friction develops with face or back side <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape. Largely eliminated by regular cleaning <strong>of</strong><br />
suspected surfaces and using a tape employing a built-in<br />
dry silicone lubricant. Generally caused by a deterioration<br />
or loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lubricant in <strong>the</strong> coating <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape or when<br />
<strong>the</strong> tape is played in an excessively dry environment; see<br />
also stick-lip.16. .{D= quietschen; pfeifen; Es= chillido; F=<br />
crissement; cri percant}.<br />
squib .{E} * A very small explosive charge in a capsule<br />
which is used <strong>to</strong> simulate a gunshot or <strong>the</strong> like.30. .{D= ?;
Es= de<strong>to</strong>nador; cebo eléctrico; mecha; F= pétard;<br />
amorce}.<br />
SS .{E} * acronym for single sided disc.<br />
ST .{E} * acronym for single track.<br />
stabilisant (d'attaque fongique) .{F} * see fungistat .{E}.<br />
stabilisateurs .{F} * see stabilizers .{E}.<br />
Stabilität .{D} * see stability .{E}.<br />
stabilité chimique .{F} * see chemical stability .{E}.<br />
stabilité de l'image .{F} * see image stability .{E}.<br />
stabilité du colorant .{F} * see dye stability .{E}.<br />
stabilité du colorant .{F}. see dye stability .{E}.<br />
stabilité fixité{F} * see stability .{E}.<br />
stability .{E} * The degree <strong>to</strong> which materials resist change<br />
by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> light, heat, or atmospheric gases; see also<br />
chemical stability.(33.) .{D= Stabilität; Es= estabilidad; F=<br />
stabilité}.<br />
stacks .{E} * The s<strong>to</strong>rage area <strong>of</strong> a records centre, library,<br />
or archive; also called strongrooms.22. .{D= Magazin/e;<br />
Archivspeicher; Es= depósi<strong>to</strong>s principales; espósi<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
magasin de s<strong>to</strong>ckage; magasin; dépôt}.<br />
staging .{E} * see conditioning.<br />
stain .{E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, changes in minimum density<br />
which occur in <strong>the</strong> dark; see also corrosion stain.05. .{D=<br />
?; Es= mancha; F= étain}.<br />
staining .{E} * The discolouration <strong>of</strong> an object. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
decoloración; F= décoloration}.<br />
stair step .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> video test signal used <strong>to</strong> check<br />
and adjust for Differential Gain. .{D= ?; Es= escalera;<br />
peldaño; F= marche d'escalier; escalier modimé}.<br />
Stammkopie .{D} * see master .{E}.<br />
standard .{E} * The result <strong>of</strong> a particular standardization<br />
effort, approved by a recognized authority. May take <strong>the</strong><br />
form <strong>of</strong> a (a) document containing a set <strong>of</strong> conditions <strong>to</strong> be<br />
fulfilled.(04.) .{D= Standard; Es= estándar; norma; patrón;<br />
modelo; F= norme; normal; règle}.<br />
standard .{F} * see composite .{E}.<br />
standard amplitude reference tape .{E} * A magnetic tape<br />
that has been selected for given properties as a standard<br />
for signal amplitude.46. .{D= Bezugsband; Testband; Es=<br />
cita de referencia de amplitud estándar; F= bande de<br />
référence d'amplitude normalisée}.<br />
standard cassette .{E} * see cassette.<br />
standard cylinder .{E} * A descriptive term, used beginning<br />
c.1900, <strong>to</strong> distinguish between cylinders <strong>of</strong> 'normal size'<br />
(e.g. 4½-inches in length, 2¼-inches in external diameter,<br />
and a tapered internal diameter from 1 # <strong>to</strong> 1 #-inches)<br />
and larger concert cylinders. After <strong>the</strong> term Gold Molded<br />
.{sic!}was dropped and <strong>the</strong> 4-minute Amberol cylinder was<br />
introduced <strong>the</strong> Edison 2-minute cylinder was identified as<br />
<strong>the</strong> Standard Record. .{D= Standard Zylinder; ?; Es=<br />
cilindro estándar; F= cylindre standard}.<br />
standard deviation .{E} * see root-mean-square.<br />
standard number .{E} * The International Standard Number<br />
(ISN), e.g., International Standard Book Numbering<br />
210<br />
(ISBN), International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN),<br />
<strong>the</strong> International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN), or any<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r internationally agreed upon standard numbering<br />
system that uniquely identifies an item. At this time <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is no standard number for moving-image materials,<br />
although some items have been assigned an ISBN and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs have received a UPC.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= número<br />
estándar; F= numéro standard}.<br />
standard play (SP) .{E} * The two (2) hour speed on a VHS<br />
videocassette recording when using a T120 cassette; see<br />
also long play; super long play; triple play.(35.) .{D=<br />
normalspiel; standardspiel; Es= duración estándar; modo<br />
de reproducción estándar; F= durée standard}.<br />
standard reference tape .{E} * A magnetic tape intended<br />
for daily calibration, <strong>the</strong> performance <strong>of</strong> which has been<br />
calibrated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> standard amplitude reference tape.46.<br />
.{D= Bezugsband; Testband; Es= cinta de referencia<br />
estándar; F= bande de référence normalisée}.<br />
standard roll .{E} * A roll <strong>of</strong> 35-mm (1# in.) wide and 1000<br />
ft (305 m) long motion picture film, weighing approximately<br />
5 lb. (2.3 kg). The term is used in calculating <strong>the</strong> weight <strong>of</strong><br />
film.(34.) .{D= ?; Es= bobina [rollo] estándar; F= bobine<br />
standard}.<br />
standard Zylinder .{D} * see standard cylinder .{E}.<br />
Standard .{D} * see reference; standard .{E}.<br />
Standard Record .{D;E;Es;F} * The Edison trade name<br />
for <strong>the</strong> 2-minute cylinder after <strong>the</strong>ir 4-minute cylinder was<br />
introduced in 1908; ceased production in 1912. Standard<br />
Record cylinders, Gold Molded .{sic!}cylinders, and<br />
moulded cylinders from o<strong>the</strong>r companies are known <strong>to</strong>day<br />
as black wax cylinders.(14.)<br />
Standardkonverter .{D} * see standards converter .{E}.<br />
standards converter .{E} * In video recordings, equipment<br />
<strong>to</strong> change a television picture from one scanning standard<br />
<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.(06.) .{D= Standardkonverter; Transcoder; Es=<br />
convertidor de normas; F= transcodeur}.<br />
standardspiel .{D} * see standard play (SP) .{E}.<br />
Standbild .{D} * see slide .{E}.<br />
standing wave .{E} * see stationary wave.<br />
Stange .{D} * see bay .{E}.<br />
Stanze .{D} * see change-over cue .{E}.<br />
Stärke .{D} * see thickness .{E}.<br />
start .{Es} * see start mark .{E}.<br />
start mark .{E} * Indication on an item (motion picture film,<br />
sound recordings, etc.) from which it is possible <strong>to</strong><br />
synchronize playing <strong>of</strong> materials (i.e. synchronization <strong>of</strong><br />
sound and picture), in motion pictures usually entailing<br />
Academy Leader which contains countdown frames.(06.)<br />
.{D= Startmarkierung; Es= marca de inicio [comienzo];<br />
start; F= marque de départ; repère de départ}.<br />
start marks .{E} * see sync marks.<br />
Startband .{D} * see leader .{E}.<br />
starting rim .{E} * see rim.<br />
Startmarkierung .{D} * see start mark .{E}.<br />
statement <strong>of</strong> responsibility .{E} * In a bibliographic citation,<br />
a statement relating <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> identification and/or function <strong>of</strong><br />
any persons credited with participation in <strong>the</strong> creation
and/or production <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= informe<br />
[declaración, memoria] de responsabilidad; F= exposition<br />
de responsibilité}.<br />
static coefficient .{E} * see coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction.<br />
static deflection .{E} * The maximum distance a surface <strong>of</strong><br />
an optical disc deviates from <strong>the</strong> reference plane (mm) in<br />
a static condition.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= deflexión estática; F=<br />
déflexion statique}.<br />
static marks .{E} * Black spots, streaks, or tree-like marks<br />
produced on sensitive pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials made by<br />
discharges <strong>of</strong> static electricity during handling or winding<br />
and made visible by developing.(40.) .{D= ?; Es= marcas<br />
de origen electrostático; F= marques d'origine<br />
électrostatique (pho<strong>to</strong>)}.<br />
station .{E} * see broadcast station.<br />
station .{F} * see network .{E}.<br />
station de radiodiffusion ou de télédiffusion .{F} * see<br />
broadcast station .{E}.<br />
station émettrice .{F} * see broadcast station .{E}.<br />
station terrestre .{F} * see earth station .{E}.<br />
stationary wave .{E} * A single-frequency mode <strong>of</strong><br />
reverberation <strong>of</strong> a body or physical system in which <strong>the</strong><br />
amplitude varies from place <strong>to</strong> place, is constantly zero at<br />
fixed points, and has maxima at o<strong>the</strong>r points; also known<br />
as standing wave. .{D= stehende Welle; Es= onda<br />
estacionaria; F= onde stationnaire}.<br />
statique .{F} * see static .{E}.<br />
Staubhülle .{D} * see dust jacket .{E}.<br />
Steckdose .{D} * see plug .{E}.<br />
Stecker .{D} * see plug .{E}.<br />
steeling .{E} * see greying.<br />
Steenbeck .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A well known brand <strong>of</strong> motion<br />
picture film editing table. 2) A generic name for motion<br />
picture film editing tables; see also moviola.30.<br />
stehende Welle .{D} * see stationary wave .{E}.<br />
Steigung .{D} * see pitch .{E}.<br />
Steigung .{D} * see pitch .{E}.<br />
Steigung .{D} * see threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E}.<br />
Stelier .{D} * see studio .{D;E;F}.<br />
step optical printer .{E} * see step printer.<br />
step printer .{E} * An optical or contact film printer that<br />
holds <strong>the</strong> source materials motionless during <strong>the</strong> printing<br />
<strong>of</strong> each frame; known as a step optical printer.(10.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= copiadora de contac<strong>to</strong>; F= tireuse image par image;<br />
tireuse par contact}.<br />
step-and-repeat camera .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> micr<strong>of</strong>ilm camera<br />
used <strong>to</strong> produce micr<strong>of</strong>iche that can expose a series <strong>of</strong><br />
separate images on an area <strong>of</strong> film according <strong>to</strong> a<br />
predetermined format, usually in orderly rows and<br />
columns, which is cut after processing <strong>to</strong> create<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche; see also planetary camera and rotary<br />
camera.(40.22.) .{D= Mikr<strong>of</strong>iche-Kamera; Es= cámera de<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ichas; F= caméra pour micr<strong>of</strong>iches}.<br />
stepped pack .{E} * Multiple adjacent strands <strong>of</strong> film or<br />
211<br />
tape extending beyond <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> a tape/film pack; see<br />
also popped strand. .{D= ?; Es= desplazamien<strong>to</strong> de cinta;<br />
F= déplacement de ruban}.<br />
stereo .{E} * 1) A stereophonic reproduction. 2) A<br />
stereophonic sound system. .{D= ?; Es= estéreo;<br />
estere<strong>of</strong>onía; F= stéréo}.<br />
stéréo .{F} * see stereo .{E}.<br />
Stereobilder .{D} * see stereogram .{E}.<br />
stereogram .{E} * Pairs <strong>of</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphs taken from slightly<br />
different angles which, when viewed through a<br />
stereoscope, are seen as a single picture seemingly<br />
having depth or three dimensions.(22.) .{D=<br />
Stereoskopbilder; Stereobilder; Es= estereografías; F=<br />
stéréogramme}.<br />
stéréogramme .{F} * see stereogram .{E}.<br />
stereograph .{E} * A pair <strong>of</strong> opaque or transparent images<br />
which produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed<br />
with stereoscopic equipment.01. .{D= ?; Es= estereógrafo;<br />
F= stéréographe}.<br />
stereograph slide .{E} * see stereoscope slide.<br />
stéréographe .{F} * see stereograph .{E}.<br />
Stereophone Schallaufnahme .{D} * see stereophonic<br />
sound .{E}.<br />
Stereophone Wiedergabe .{D} * see stereophonic sound<br />
.{E}.<br />
stereophonic crosstalk .{E} * An undesired audio signal<br />
occurring in <strong>the</strong> main channel from modulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stereophonic channel or that occurring in <strong>the</strong> stereophonic<br />
channel from modulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main channel.(04.) .{D=<br />
Kanalübersprechen; Es= diafonía estere<strong>of</strong>ónica; F=<br />
diaphonie stéréophonique}.<br />
stereophonic sound .{E} * 1) 'Dimensional' sound<br />
reproduction achieved through <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> two or more<br />
soundtracks recorded through microphones so placed as<br />
<strong>to</strong> provide separation <strong>of</strong> sounds and heard simultaneously<br />
through speakers arranged somewhat apart from each<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r, according <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> siz-mm film using magnetic<br />
soundtracks can include as many as 6 separate sound<br />
sources.30. .{D= Stereophonie; Stereophone<br />
Schallaufnahme; Stereophone Wiedergabe; Es= sonido<br />
estere<strong>of</strong>ónico; F= son stéréophonique; relief sonore}.<br />
Stereophonie .{D} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.<br />
stereoscope .{E} * An optical device with two lenses,<br />
enabling each eye <strong>to</strong> see a separate image <strong>of</strong> essentially<br />
<strong>the</strong> same scene. The combined image seen by <strong>the</strong> two<br />
gives <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> three dimen-sions, as in normal<br />
binocular vision.01. .{D= Stereoskop; Es= estereoscopio;<br />
F= stéréoscope}.<br />
stéréoscope .{F} * see stereoscope .{E}.<br />
stereoscopic slide .{E} * A pair <strong>of</strong> positive pho<strong>to</strong>graphic<br />
slides made from negatives taken from two slightly<br />
different viewpoints <strong>to</strong> give a three-dimensional effect<br />
when viewed through a stereoscope. 19. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
diapositiva estereoscópica; F= plaque stéréoscopique;<br />
stéréograhpe}.<br />
stéréoscopie .{F} * see stereoscopy .{E}.<br />
stereoscopy .{E} * Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy using two separate<br />
images, one for each eye, <strong>to</strong> recreate a sense <strong>of</strong> depth.<br />
There are, however, many psychological and technical<br />
problems. Hyperstereoscopy increases <strong>the</strong> distance
etween <strong>the</strong> cameras <strong>to</strong> more than <strong>the</strong> distance between<br />
a human's eyes creating <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> depth where normal<br />
eyes could not perceive it. Orthostereoscopy is normal<br />
stereoscopic vision. Pseudoscopic stereoscopy reverses<br />
<strong>the</strong> left image with <strong>the</strong> right creating complicated<br />
physiological and psychological reactions.<br />
Pseudostereoscopy is that technique which 2-dimensional<br />
film uses <strong>to</strong> create <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> depth, since that sense<br />
does not entirely depend on binocular vision, but also<br />
utilizes a sense <strong>of</strong> chiaroscuro, movement around and<br />
through <strong>the</strong> subject, perspective and colour; see also<br />
holography.30. .{D= ?; Es= estereoscopía; F=<br />
stéréoscopie}.<br />
Stereoskop .{D} * see stereoscope .{E}.<br />
Stereoskopbilder .{D} * see stereogram .{E}.<br />
Steuer-Spur .{D} * see cue track .{E}.<br />
Stich .{D} * see print .{E}.<br />
Stichelnadelhalter .{D} Stichelhalter .{D} * see stylus bar<br />
.{E}.<br />
Stichwort .{D} * see keyword .{E}.<br />
stick-slip .{E;F} * Generally a low-speed phenomenon, a<br />
relationship between tension, temperature, humidity, wrap<br />
angle, head material, binder material <strong>of</strong> tape, and <strong>the</strong><br />
elastic properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape. When detected audibly, it is<br />
described as 'squeal'; see also head stick.46. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
chillido}.<br />
sticking .{E} * see image retention.<br />
sticktion .{E} * A term loosely used <strong>to</strong> describe <strong>the</strong><br />
phenomenon <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape adhering <strong>to</strong> transport<br />
components such as heads or guides; see also head<br />
stick.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= adherencia (cinta magnética); F=<br />
adhérence (bande magnétique)}.<br />
stiffness .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, resistance <strong>to</strong><br />
bending <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape; a function <strong>of</strong> tape thickness and<br />
modulus <strong>of</strong> elastici-ty.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= rigidez; F= raideur}.<br />
still frame .{E} * A video production technique referring <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> process and electronic equipment used <strong>to</strong> reproduce<br />
a single video frame. .{D= ?; Es= imagen fija; F= arrêt sur<br />
image; image arrêtée; image fixe}.<br />
still picture .{E} * see picture.<br />
still-image .{E} * see picture.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E} * see films<strong>to</strong>ck.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck shot .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, a library<br />
shot, one which is literally taken from a library, such as<br />
World War II shots, or jet planes in flight. Often a derisive<br />
term meaning a common or unimaginative shot which<br />
looks as if it might as well have been a library shot.(30.)<br />
.{D= Archivaufnahme; Es= planos de recurso; F= 1)<br />
document d'archives; 2) prise de vue archaïque}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ckage .{F} * see s<strong>to</strong>rage .{E}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ckage à plat .{F} * see flat-filing .{E}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ckage des images .{F} * see image s<strong>to</strong>rage .{E}.<br />
S<strong>to</strong>ckflecken .{D} * see foxing .{E}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p .{D;E} * 1) In <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processing <strong>of</strong> silver<br />
halide materials, <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> bathing pho<strong>to</strong>graphic film<br />
or paper in a mildly acidic solution <strong>to</strong> neutralize <strong>the</strong> alkaline<br />
developer with which <strong>the</strong> materials are saturated upon<br />
removal from <strong>the</strong> developing bath and arrest development<br />
212<br />
beyond a desired point. 2) The relationship between <strong>the</strong><br />
focal length <strong>of</strong> a lens and <strong>the</strong> effective diameter <strong>of</strong> its<br />
aperture. An adjustable diaphragm permits any ordinary<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphic lens <strong>to</strong> be used at any s<strong>to</strong>p within its range.<br />
Sometimes used synonymously with f-number as in fs<strong>to</strong>p.09.<br />
.{F= 1) arrêt (bain d'arrêt); 2) ouverture<br />
géométrique; Es= parada; interrupción; suspensión; al<strong>to</strong>;<br />
paralización}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p bath .{E} * In <strong>the</strong> pho<strong>to</strong>graphic processing <strong>of</strong> silver<br />
halide materials, <strong>the</strong> mildly acidic solution used <strong>to</strong><br />
neutralize <strong>the</strong> alkaline developer with which <strong>the</strong> materials<br />
are saturated upon removal from <strong>the</strong> developing bath; see<br />
also s<strong>to</strong>p.(09@) .{D= ?; Es= baño de paro; F= bain<br />
d'arrêt}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p frame .{E} * 1) An optical printing effect in which a<br />
single-frame image is repeated <strong>to</strong> appear stationary when<br />
projected. 2) Camera exposure made one frame at a time<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than by continuous running.09. .{D= ?; Es= parada<br />
de imagen; F= image arrêtée; image fixe}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>p-motion pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E} * A moving-image production<br />
technique in which <strong>the</strong> camera operates one frame at a<br />
time allowing objects <strong>to</strong> be adjusted between frames.30.<br />
.{D= Einzelbildaufnahme; Es= rodaje imágen por imágen;<br />
fo<strong>to</strong>gráma a fo<strong>to</strong>gráma; F= prise de vues image par<br />
image}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage .{E} * 1) The facility used for s<strong>to</strong>ring materials. 2)<br />
The erasable memory <strong>of</strong> a computer. 3) A device, such as<br />
a disc or tape drive,used <strong>to</strong> hold data in a computer for<br />
later retrieval.(04.) .{D= Lagerung; Es= almacenamien<strong>to</strong>;<br />
almacén; depósi<strong>to</strong>; F= s<strong>to</strong>ckage}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage environment .{E} * The physical conditions (i.e.,<br />
tempera-ture, relative humidity, cleanliness <strong>of</strong> facilities and<br />
atmosphere) for s<strong>to</strong>ring materials. .{D= Lagerbedingungen;<br />
Es= condiciones de almacenamien<strong>to</strong>; F= conditions de<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ckage}.<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ry board .{E;Es} * A useful device for illustrating <strong>the</strong><br />
vari-ous plans for a moving-image production <strong>to</strong> crew<br />
members. The s<strong>to</strong>ry board resembles a comic strip and<br />
shows <strong>the</strong> planned camera movements and shot<br />
divisions.(30.) .{D= S<strong>to</strong>ryboard; Es= guión gráfico; guión<br />
visualizado; F= scénario-maquette; conducteur visuel}.<br />
S<strong>to</strong>ryboard .{D} * see s<strong>to</strong>ry board .{E}.<br />
Strahl .{D} * see beam .{E}.<br />
straight edge .{E} * A horizontal bar, <strong>of</strong>ten part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main<br />
<strong>to</strong>p plate casting, found on many cylinder machines, set in<br />
front <strong>of</strong> and parallel <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> revolving cylinder and along<br />
which <strong>the</strong> carrier-arm rested and traveled. On some early<br />
machines, (e.g. Edison) <strong>the</strong> straight-edge was adjustable<br />
by end screws.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= filo [borde] rec<strong>to</strong>; regla; F=<br />
axe d'entraînement; sans ambages}.<br />
straight line .{E} * The portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristic curve<br />
where <strong>the</strong> slope does not change, because <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong><br />
density for a given log exposure is constant or linear.-09.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= línea recta; F= ligne droite (de la<br />
caractéristique de densité)}.<br />
straight line tracking .{E} * A method <strong>of</strong> moving a<br />
phonograph <strong>to</strong>ne arm linearly across a record through <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> a servo mo<strong>to</strong>r, as opposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> normal pivotal<br />
arrangement. .{D= ?; Es= seguimien<strong>to</strong> de pista [surco]<br />
lineal; F= bras linéaire}.<br />
Strehl ratio .{E} * In optical media, <strong>the</strong> peak irradiance <strong>of</strong> a<br />
real spot divided by <strong>the</strong> peak irradiance <strong>of</strong> an aberration<br />
free (ideal) spot.46. .{D= ?; Es= cociente de Strehl; F=<br />
rapport de Strehl (optique)}.<br />
stretch .{E} * A defect in film and tape materials in which
<strong>the</strong> carrier elongates longitudinally, causing a longitudinal<br />
blur in image materials and dis<strong>to</strong>rting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soundtrack in<br />
audio materials. In film-based image materials can be<br />
caused by poor synchronization between <strong>the</strong> film and <strong>the</strong><br />
original in rotary cameras, or between <strong>the</strong> two film surfaces<br />
in continuous print-ing.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) cámara lenta;<br />
movimien<strong>to</strong> retardado; 2) estiramien<strong>to</strong>; alargamien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
allongement; expansion; étiremen}.<br />
strip .{E} * 1) Part <strong>of</strong> a wide roll <strong>of</strong> manufactured film slit <strong>to</strong><br />
its final width for motion picture use. 2) To remove<br />
insulation from a wire. 3) A series <strong>of</strong> comic car<strong>to</strong>ons,<br />
usually in a series <strong>of</strong> horizontal rectangles. 4) To remove<br />
computer codes from memory. 5) To separate an<br />
electroplating from its mold.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) cinta; tira;<br />
2) baño de eliminación; 3) tira cómica (periódicos); F= 1)<br />
barrette 2) dénuder (fil électrique) 3) série de dessins<br />
animés}.<br />
strip-up .{E} * A technique used for <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong><br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iche in which short lengths <strong>of</strong> roll film are attached in<br />
rows <strong>to</strong> a transparent support, which is <strong>the</strong>n used as a<br />
master.40. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de producción de<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ichas; F= ?}.<br />
stripe .{E} * A narrow band <strong>of</strong> magnetic coating or<br />
developing solution applied <strong>to</strong> a length <strong>of</strong> motion picture<br />
film.09. .{D= ?; Es= recubrimien<strong>to</strong> (magnético o en<br />
disolución); F= piste son (magnétique ou optique) de la<br />
pellicule; raie}.<br />
stroboscope .{E;F} * A device with a high intensity flashing<br />
light whose flashes may be adjusted <strong>to</strong> a frequency equal<br />
<strong>to</strong> a multiple or submultiple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rotation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equipment<br />
under observation, used <strong>to</strong> measure rotation. Such a light<br />
can be used <strong>to</strong> illuminate a disc which has bars or spots<br />
on it; when <strong>the</strong> time between <strong>the</strong> light flashes is a multiple<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rotating disc <strong>the</strong> disappears <strong>to</strong> be at<br />
rest. Stroboscopes must be used in conjunction with <strong>the</strong><br />
cycles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local alternating light current. For example, in<br />
<strong>the</strong> U.S. a phonograph stroboscope needs 45 black bars<br />
<strong>to</strong> function at 60 cycles <strong>to</strong> accurately test <strong>the</strong> playing<br />
speed, while 37 black bars will give a close British figure at<br />
50 cycles <strong>of</strong> alternating current. Some recordings have<br />
included stroboscopes as part-RPM at 60 cycles<br />
alternating current.(04.14.) .{D= Stroboskop; Stroboskopie;<br />
Stroboskopeffekt; Es= estroboscopio; stroboskopie; F=<br />
saccade d'images}.<br />
Stroboskop .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.<br />
Stroboskopeffekt .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.<br />
stroboskopie .{Es} * see stroboscope .{E}.<br />
Stroboskopie .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.<br />
Stromkreislauf .{D} * see circuit .{E;F}.<br />
strongroom .{E} * see stack.<br />
Stück .{D} * see item .{E}.<br />
studio .{D;E;F} * The name <strong>of</strong> a place where audio and/or<br />
moving-image productions are made.(12.) .{D= Stelier;<br />
Es= estudio}.<br />
stummscholfen .{D} * see mute .{E}.<br />
stylus .{E} * A small instrument that ei<strong>the</strong>r 1) engraved a<br />
varying groove on a record (known as a recording stylus or<br />
a cutting stylus) or 2) tracked <strong>the</strong> groove for replaying <strong>the</strong><br />
recorded signal (known as reproducing stylus). The<br />
recording stylus could be sharp, chisel, or cupped shaped.<br />
The reproducing stylus could be conical, elliptical,<br />
rounded, or but<strong>to</strong>n shaped; also referred <strong>to</strong> as a<br />
needle.(04.) .{D= 1) Schneidstichel; 2) Abtastnadel; Nadel;<br />
Es= aguja de lectura ( discos fonográficos); F= outil<br />
213<br />
graveur; pointe de lecture; style}.<br />
stylus bar .{E} * The part <strong>of</strong> an acoustic recorder,<br />
reproducer, or sound box <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> stylus was fitted and<br />
which was fixed directly <strong>to</strong>, or through linkage <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
diaphragm.(14.) .{D= Stichelnadelhalter; Stichelhalter; Es=<br />
soporte [brazo] de la aguja de un <strong>to</strong>cadiscos; F= support<br />
pointe}.<br />
stylus drag .{E} * In groove media, <strong>the</strong> force resulting from<br />
friction between <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording medium and<br />
<strong>the</strong> playback stylus.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= roce de la punta<br />
(sobre la superficie del disco fonográfico); F= frottement<br />
pointe / disque; frottement de l'aiguille}.<br />
stylus force .{E} * The vertical or downward force <strong>the</strong><br />
pickup (with stylus) applies <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> record groove,<br />
expressed in grams.(04.) .{D= Auflagekraft; Es= fuerza de<br />
apoyo [presión] de la aguja (sobre la superficie de un<br />
disco fonográfico); F= force d'appui}.<br />
sub-code .{E} * On a CD, encoded data that contains<br />
definable information such as track number, duration <strong>of</strong><br />
selection, copy inhibit, copyright, etc.(39.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
subcódigo; F= sous-code}.<br />
sub-header .{E} * A field on digital media indicating <strong>the</strong><br />
type <strong>of</strong> data in a sec<strong>to</strong>r. .{D= ?; Es= subcampo; F= sous<br />
en-tête}.<br />
subarrido .{Es} * see underscan .{E}.<br />
subbing .{E} * A clear coating that facilitates adhesion<br />
between an emulsion and a film or tape base.(01.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= subcapa de fijación; F= sous couche de fixation}.<br />
subcampo .{Es} * see sub-header .{E}.<br />
subcapa de fijación .{Es} * see subbing .{E}.<br />
subcarrier .{E} * see colour subcarrier. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
subportadora; onda portadora intermedia; F= sousporteuse<br />
couleur (vid}.<br />
subcarrier horizontal phasing .{E} * The phase relationship<br />
in a video signal between <strong>the</strong> colour subcarrier and<br />
horizontal sync. .{D= ?; Es= subportadora de fase<br />
horizontal; F= phase de la sous porteuse horizontale}.<br />
subcódigo .{Es} * see sub-code .{E}.<br />
subdesviación (del haz explorador) .{Es} * see underscan<br />
.{E}.<br />
subexposición .{Es} * see under-exposure .{E}.<br />
subjective camera .{E} * A moving-image production style<br />
which allows <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>to</strong> observe events from <strong>the</strong> same<br />
viewpoint and in <strong>the</strong> same manner as <strong>the</strong> protagonist.<br />
Compare point-<strong>of</strong>-view shot.30. .{D= ?; Es= cámara<br />
subjetiva (<strong>to</strong>ma desde el pun<strong>to</strong> de visión del personaje);<br />
F= caméra subjective; caméra prenant la place de la<br />
personne}.<br />
sublimado .{Es} * see sublimate .{E}.<br />
sublimate .{E} * To cause water <strong>to</strong> pass directly from <strong>the</strong><br />
frozen state in<strong>to</strong> vapour without entering <strong>the</strong> liquid<br />
state.31. .{D= ?; Es= sublimado; F= sublimer}.<br />
sublimer .{F} * see sublimate .{E}.<br />
subordinado (cuerpo) .{Es} * see subordinate body .{E}.<br />
subordinate body .{E} * A corporate body that forms an<br />
integral part <strong>of</strong> a larger body in relation <strong>to</strong> which it holds an<br />
inferior hierarchical rank.03. .{D= ?; Es= (cuerpo)<br />
subordinado; F= subordonné}.
subordonné .{F} * see subordinate body .{E}.<br />
subportadora .{Es} * see subcarrier .{E}.<br />
subportadora cromática .{Es} * see colour under .{E};<br />
colour subcarrier .{E}.<br />
subportadora de fase horizontal .{Es} * see subcarrier<br />
horizontal phasing .{E}.<br />
subsanación .{Es} * see repairing .{E}.<br />
substance neutralisante .{F} * see buffer .{E}.<br />
substitution micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E} * see disposal micr<strong>of</strong>ilming.<br />
substrat .{F} * see substrate .{E}.<br />
substrate .{E} * 1) The material upon which a device is<br />
constructed and supported. A CD uses a polycarbonate<br />
substrate; magnetic tape uses a polyester substrate.(39.)<br />
.{D= Träger; Trägermaterial; Es= sustra<strong>to</strong>; F= substrat}.<br />
subtítulo .{Es} * see caption .{E}; parallel title .{E}.<br />
subtítulo (de la serie) .{Es} * see parallel series title .{E}.<br />
subtractive colour .{E} * In motion-picture film, <strong>the</strong><br />
formation <strong>of</strong> colours by <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> selected portions <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> white light spectrum by transparent filters or dye<br />
images.(09.) .{D= subtractives Farbverfahren; Es= sistema<br />
sustractivo de color; F= couleur par soustraction; couleurs<br />
primaires soustractives; soustractif}.<br />
subtractive printing .{E} * A method <strong>of</strong> printing in colour<br />
motion-picture film processing in which <strong>the</strong> change in <strong>the</strong><br />
relative amounts <strong>of</strong> red, green, and blue are made by<br />
inserting colour correcting filters in <strong>the</strong> light path between<br />
<strong>the</strong> light source and <strong>the</strong> printing aperture. Used primarily<br />
for making <strong>the</strong> multiple copies <strong>of</strong> release prints after <strong>the</strong><br />
answer print has been made and approved. Subtractive<br />
printing is very difficult on that film which requires a great<br />
deal <strong>of</strong> scene-<strong>to</strong>-scene colour corrections because a new<br />
filter pack must somehow be physically inserted in <strong>the</strong> light<br />
beam for every correction; see also additive printing.(09.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= impresión sustractiva; F= tirage soustractif}.<br />
subtractives Farbverfahren .{D} * see subtractive colour<br />
.{E}.<br />
successive approximation register (SAR) .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong><br />
analogue-<strong>to</strong>-digital converter using a digital-<strong>to</strong>-analogue<br />
converter <strong>to</strong> determine <strong>the</strong> output word successively, bit by<br />
bit.39. .{D= ?; Es= registro de aproximación sucesiva; F=<br />
régistre par approximations successives}.<br />
sucesión .{Es} * see series (1) .{E}.<br />
sucesión en la propiedad de un archivo .{Es} * see archival<br />
succession .{E}.<br />
suivi de piste .{F} * see au<strong>to</strong> tracking .{E}.<br />
suivi de piste .{F} * see tracking .{D;E}.<br />
suivi de piste à trois faisceaux .{F} * see three-beam<br />
tracking .{E}.<br />
suivi de piste avec spot unique .{F} * see single-beam<br />
tracking .{E}.<br />
suivi de point .{F} * see follow focus .{E}.<br />
sumario .{Es} * see summary .{E}.<br />
sumidero .{Es} * see sump .{E}.<br />
summary .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a short,<br />
214<br />
accurate, and objective written description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contents<br />
<strong>of</strong> a work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= sumario; resumen; cuadro<br />
sinóptico; F= sommaire}.<br />
sump .{E} * A pit built in<strong>to</strong> a basement floor <strong>to</strong> collect<br />
casual water.31. .{D= ?; Es= sumidero; F= puisard}.<br />
sump pump .{E} * A pump installed permanently in or<br />
above a sump and designed <strong>to</strong> act au<strong>to</strong>matically <strong>to</strong> remove<br />
water from it.31. .{D= ?; Es= bomba de sumidero; F=<br />
pompe}.<br />
super .{E;F} * An electronic procedure where two scenes<br />
are superimposed over each o<strong>the</strong>r in videotape production.<br />
2) It is also <strong>the</strong> electronic superimposition <strong>of</strong> electronic<br />
graphics such as fonts. .{D= ?; Es= superimposición; F=<br />
enchaîné (superimposition)}.<br />
super long play (SLP) .{E} * The six (6) hour speed on a<br />
VHS videocassette recording when using a T120 cassette;<br />
see also standard play; long play.(35.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
superlarga duración; F= très longue durée}.<br />
super-VHS (S-VHS) .{E;Es;F} * The result <strong>of</strong> ann<br />
improvement in tape oxide using a metal particle tape that<br />
gives a cleaner picture and a better signal-<strong>to</strong>-noise ratio.<br />
It is capable <strong>of</strong> reproducing high resolution than a standard<br />
VHS. .{D= ?}.<br />
superficie de la imagen .{Es} * see image area .{E}.<br />
superficie elemental de imagen .{Es} * see picture element<br />
(PIXEL) .{E}.<br />
superficie vertical de un disco .{Es} * see edge (1) .{E}.<br />
superimposición .{Es} * see super .{E}.<br />
superlarga duración .{Es} * see super long play (SLP) .{E}.<br />
Superorticón .{Es} * see image orthicon (IO) .{E}.<br />
Superortinoscopio .{Es} * see image orthicon (IO) .{E}.<br />
superposición .{Es} * see burned in .{E}.<br />
superposición transparente .{Es} * see bleed through .{E}.<br />
superposición-inversión (de imágenes) .{Es} * see<br />
montage .{E;F}.<br />
suplemen<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see supplement .{E}.<br />
suport film .{F} * see film base .{E}.<br />
supplement .{E} * An item, usually issued separately, that<br />
complements one already published by bringing up-<strong>to</strong>-date<br />
or o<strong>the</strong>rwise continuing <strong>the</strong> original or by containing a<br />
special feature not included in <strong>the</strong> original. The<br />
supplement has a formal relationship with <strong>the</strong> original as<br />
expressed by common authorship, a common title or<br />
subtitle, and/or a stated intention <strong>to</strong> continue or<br />
supplement <strong>the</strong> original.03. .{D= ?; Es= suplemen<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
supplément}.<br />
supplément .{F} * see supplement .{E}.<br />
supplied title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a title<br />
provided by <strong>the</strong> cataloguer/compiler when an item has no<br />
title, and no title can be identified from any o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título sugerido [provisional]; F=<br />
titre fournir}.<br />
support .{E} * see base support .{E}.<br />
support .{F} * see base; medium (media) .{E}.<br />
support (machine cylindre) .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>p plate .{E}.
support (ruban) .{F} * see backing .{E}.<br />
support acétate .{F} * see acetate base .{E}.<br />
support d'émulsion .{F}. see film base .{E}.<br />
support plastique .{F} * see plasticizer; plastic support .{E}.<br />
support pointe .{F} * see stylus bar .{E}.<br />
support sonore mécanique .{F} * see mechanical sound<br />
carrier .{E}.<br />
suppression .{F} * see blanking .{E}.<br />
suppression de rayure rayur{F} * see scratch removal .{E}.<br />
suppression de trame .{F} * see vertical blanking .{E}.<br />
suppression horizontale de lignes .{F} * see horizontal<br />
blanking .{E}.<br />
suppression verticale .{F} * see vertical blanking .{E}.<br />
supresion de rasguños .{Es} * see scratch removal .{E}.<br />
supresión de arañazos [rasguños] .{Es} * see scratch<br />
removal .{E}.<br />
supresión vertical del haz .{Es} * see vertical blanking .{E}.<br />
suramplificateur .{F} * see booster .{E}.<br />
surbalayage .{F} * see overscan .{E}.<br />
surcharge .{F} * see overload .{E}.<br />
surco .{Es} * see groove .{E}.<br />
surco de paso variable .{Es} * see variable groove pitch<br />
.{E}.<br />
surco excéntrico .{Es} * see eccentric groove .{E}.<br />
surco lineal .{Es} * see straight line tracking .-sampling<br />
.{E}.<br />
surexposition .{F} * see over-exposure .{E}.<br />
surface d'image .{F} * see image area .{E}.<br />
surface imprint .{E} * The transfer <strong>of</strong> material from <strong>the</strong><br />
packaging containing a recording <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recording itself due <strong>to</strong> high contact stress (caused by high<br />
temperatures, wrinkled or uneven surfaces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
packaging material, or improper and uneven s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
pressure). This can result in poor playback because <strong>the</strong><br />
transferred material may interfere with stylus tracking.04.<br />
.{D= Oberflächen- Eindruckmarken; Es= impresión<br />
(superficial) por transferencia; F= empreinte par transfert}.<br />
surface noise .{E} * In playback <strong>of</strong> groove media, <strong>the</strong> noise<br />
component in <strong>the</strong> electric output <strong>of</strong> a pickup (cartridge) due<br />
<strong>to</strong> irregularities in <strong>the</strong> contact surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grooves. Can<br />
be caused by many fac<strong>to</strong>rs including dust and foreign<br />
particles in <strong>the</strong> groove, use <strong>of</strong> improper stylus and pickup,<br />
poor manufacture, wear on <strong>the</strong> groove caused by previous<br />
improper playback, etc.(04.) .{D= Oberflächenstörungen;<br />
Es= ruido de superficie (aguja <strong>to</strong>cadiscos); F= bruit de<br />
surface}.<br />
surface sensible .{F} * see emulsion .{D;E}.<br />
surface treatment .{E} * Any process by which <strong>the</strong> surface<br />
smoothness <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape coating is improved after it<br />
has been applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> base.(46.) .{D=<br />
Oberflächenbehandlung; Es= tratamien<strong>to</strong> superficial; F=<br />
215<br />
traitement de surface}.<br />
surmodulation .{F} * see overmodulation .{E}.<br />
surrealism .{E} * 1) A film and painting style during <strong>the</strong><br />
1920s which is ei<strong>the</strong>r vaguely fan-tastic or dis<strong>to</strong>rted.(30.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= surrealismo; F= surréalisme}.<br />
surréalisme .{F} * see surrealism .{E}.<br />
surrealismo .{Es} * see surrealism .{E}.<br />
survolteur .{F} * see booster .{E}.<br />
suspensión .{Es} * see s<strong>to</strong>p .{D;E}.<br />
sustancia antiestática .{Es} * see antistatic element .{E}.<br />
sustancia neutralizante .{Es} * see buffer (2) .{E}.<br />
sustitu<strong>to</strong> del aceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa para grabaciones<br />
cilíndricas .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate (2) .{E}.<br />
sustra<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see substrate .{E}.<br />
sustra<strong>to</strong> reflectante entre los agujeros pequeños de la<br />
superficie de los CD .{Es} * see land .{E}.<br />
swarf .{E} * The threads <strong>of</strong> waste material removed from a<br />
cylinder or disc blank record face by <strong>the</strong> recording stylus<br />
or, in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> wax materials, <strong>the</strong> shaving; see also<br />
chip.(04.14.) .{D= ?; Es= virutas (metálicas); limaduras de<br />
hierro; F= copeau}.<br />
swelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion .{E} * An absorption <strong>of</strong> water by<br />
an emulsion resulting in a swelling or rising <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion<br />
in that area; see also water spot-est.42. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=<br />
?}.<br />
swing-arm .{E} * see end gate.<br />
swish pan .{E} * Also called flick pan, zip pan. A pan in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> intervening scenery is panned past <strong>to</strong>o quickly<br />
<strong>to</strong> be observed. It best approximates psychologically <strong>the</strong><br />
action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human eye as it moves from one subject <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r.30. .{D= ?; Es= panorámica rápida; F=<br />
panoramique rapide; panoramique filé}.<br />
switcher .{E} * An electronic device in video production that<br />
allows video sources <strong>to</strong> be combined. Switchers come in<br />
varying degrees <strong>of</strong> sophistication from a simple switcher<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> only cuts <strong>to</strong> switchers capable <strong>of</strong> dissolves, and<br />
manipulating <strong>the</strong> actual elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= conmutador; interrup<strong>to</strong>r; conmutador-mezclador; F=<br />
pupitre de mélange vidéo; ingénieur de la vision;<br />
truquiste}.<br />
symbol .{E} * 1) A letter or simplified design used <strong>to</strong><br />
represent words or components in schematics and<br />
formulas. 2) In CDs, <strong>the</strong> basic unit <strong>of</strong> digitized data, parity,<br />
and subcode data; initially 8 bits long, it is expanded <strong>to</strong> 17<br />
(14 + 3) bits by 8-<strong>to</strong>-14 modulation.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
símbolo; F= symbole}.<br />
symbole .{F} * see symbol .{E}.<br />
sync .{E} * abbreviation for synchronization, synchronous,<br />
etc.<br />
sync advance .{E} * The number <strong>of</strong> film frames <strong>the</strong> sound<br />
precedes <strong>the</strong> picture.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= avance de<br />
sincronización; F= avance son}.<br />
sync head .{E} * On a videotape deck, <strong>the</strong> head which<br />
plays <strong>the</strong> sync signal <strong>to</strong> "fill in" <strong>the</strong> vertical interval caused<br />
by <strong>the</strong> small gap in <strong>the</strong> tape wrap around <strong>the</strong> head drum<br />
assembly. .{D= ?; Es= cabeza de sincronización; F= tête<br />
de synchronisation}.
sync leader .{E} * A length <strong>of</strong> film leader that contains<br />
numbers indicating <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> seconds until <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> a picture; usually refers <strong>to</strong> an Academy<br />
leader.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= guía de sincronización; F= amorce<br />
de synchronisation}.<br />
synchronisation de bobines .{F} * see synchronization;<br />
sync roll .{E}.<br />
synchronisation des trames couleur .{F} * see colour<br />
framing .{E}.<br />
synchronisation externe .{F} * see external sync .{E}.<br />
synchronisation labiale .{F} * see lip sync .{E}.<br />
Synchronisation .{D} * see dubbing .{E}.<br />
synchroniser .{F} * see synchronize .{E}.<br />
synchroniseur de trame audio .{F} * see audio frame<br />
synchronizer; audio synchronizer .{E}.<br />
synchroniseur son .{F} * see audio synchronizer .{E}.<br />
synchronisieren .{D} * see synchronize .{E}.<br />
Synchronisierung .{D} * see synchronization .{E}.<br />
synchronization .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, <strong>the</strong><br />
positioning <strong>of</strong> a soundtrack so that it is in harmony with,<br />
and timed <strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong> picture portion <strong>of</strong> a movingimage.(09.06.)<br />
2) The process <strong>of</strong> maintaining common<br />
timing and coordination between two or more operations,<br />
events, or processes, under <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> CD-ROM.10.<br />
.{D= Synchronisierung; Es= sincronización; F=<br />
synchronisation}.<br />
synchronization field .{E} * In CD-ROM and CD-I, <strong>the</strong> first<br />
12 bytes <strong>of</strong> a sec<strong>to</strong>r containing synchronization<br />
information.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= campo de sincronización; F=<br />
données de synchronisation; synchronisation}.<br />
synchronization pattern .{E} * A distinctive pattern in a<br />
transmitted waveform, used <strong>to</strong> establish<br />
synchronization.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= norma [pauta] de<br />
sincronización; F= pr<strong>of</strong>il de synchronisation}.<br />
synchronization signals .{E} * In CD-I, realtime s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
interrupts, <strong>of</strong>ten generated by a device driver during<br />
hardware interrupt processing when a predefined condition<br />
has been met.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= señales de sincronización;<br />
F= signals de synchronisation; ?}.<br />
synchronize .{E} * To make sound correspond <strong>to</strong> a picture<br />
on film. 2) To lock one element <strong>of</strong> a system <strong>to</strong><br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r.(10.) .{D= synchronisieren; Es= sincronizar; F=<br />
synchroniser}.<br />
synchronizing (sync) genera<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * The piece <strong>of</strong><br />
electronic equipment that produces <strong>the</strong> synchronizing<br />
signals, such as horizontal and vertical blanking, horizontal<br />
and vertical sync, colour burst, etc., as well as test signals<br />
that are used in <strong>the</strong> set up <strong>of</strong> video equipment. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
generador de señales de sincronismo; F= générateur de<br />
signaux de synchronisation}.<br />
synchronous .{E} * A simultaneously timed operation in<br />
which a master clock is used <strong>to</strong> control events.39. .{D=<br />
synchron; Es= sincrónico; síncrono; F= synchrone}.<br />
synchronous sound .{E} * In moving-image productions<br />
audio whose source is visible in <strong>the</strong> frame <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image or<br />
whose source is understandable from <strong>the</strong> context <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
image; see also asynchronous sound.30. .{D=<br />
Synchron<strong>to</strong>n; Es= sonido sincrónico; F= son synchrone}.<br />
Synchronpuls .{D} * see sync pulse .{E}.<br />
216<br />
Synchron<strong>to</strong>n .{D} * see synchronous sound .{E}.<br />
syndrome du vinaigre .{F} * see vinegar syndrome .{D;E}.<br />
synopsis adaptation{F} * see treatment .{E}.<br />
Synopsis .{D} * see treatment .{E}.<br />
syntagma .{E;F} * A semiological term: a unit <strong>of</strong> actual<br />
relationship. Syntagmatic relationships exist between <strong>the</strong><br />
actual or present elements <strong>of</strong> a state-ment in film.<br />
Contrasted with paradigm, a unit <strong>of</strong> potential<br />
relationship.30. .{D= ?; Es= sintagma; F= syntagme ?}.<br />
synthèse additive .{couleur} .{F} * see additive colour .{E}.<br />
system .{E} * For audiovisual media, a combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
audiovisual media and <strong>the</strong> necessary hardware and<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware necessary <strong>to</strong> retrieve <strong>the</strong> recorded information.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= sistema; F= système}.<br />
system noise .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
noise produced by <strong>the</strong> whole recording system, including<br />
<strong>the</strong> tape.46. .{D= Systemrrauschen; Es= ruido del sistema;<br />
F= bruit du système}.<br />
système .{F} * see system .{E}.<br />
système à changement de phase .{F} * see phase change<br />
medium .{E}.<br />
système anaglyphe .{F} * see anaglyphic process .{E}.<br />
système catadioptrique .{F} * see t channel .{E}.<br />
système catadioptrique .{F} see ca<strong>to</strong>ptric system .{E} ** ==<br />
catadioptr-real-time operating system (CD-RTOS) .{D;E}.<br />
système d'exposition au<strong>to</strong>matique de précision (système<br />
APEX) .{F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic precision exposure system<br />
(apex system) .{E}.<br />
système de blocage des ions .{F} * see ion trap .{E}.<br />
système de conversion .{F} * see combination attachment<br />
.{E}.<br />
système de désentrelacement .{F} * see descrambler .{E}.<br />
système de désentrelacement .{F}. see descrambler .{E}.<br />
système de distribution contrôlé .{F} * see distributive<br />
control system(DCS) .{E}.<br />
système de distribution contrôlé .{F}. see distributive<br />
control system(DCS) .{E}.<br />
système de prise de vue .{F} * see moving-image materials<br />
.{E}.<br />
système de réception .{F} * see receiving system .{E}.<br />
système de réduction de bruit .{F} * see noise-suppression<br />
system .{E}.<br />
système de renforcement des basses .{F} * see bass<br />
boost .{E}.<br />
système de reproduction .{F} * see reproducer .{E}.<br />
système de télévision à résolution améliorée (EDTV) .{F}<br />
* see Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) .{E}.<br />
système de télévision à résolution améliorée (EDTV) .{F}.<br />
see Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) .{E}.<br />
système de télévision par câble .{F} * see cable antenna<br />
television system .{E}.
système de transmission multicanaux par câble .{F} * see<br />
augmented channel system .{E}.<br />
système entrée/sortie de base .{F} * see basic input/output<br />
system .{E}.<br />
système protégé .{F} * see authoring system .{E}.<br />
Systemhalterung .{D} * see head shell .{E}.<br />
Systemrrauschen .{D} * see system noise .{E}.<br />
Szene .{D} * see scene .{E}.<br />
t ---<br />
t channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present allocated <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal t; F= canal t}.<br />
T.V.-Film .{D} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.<br />
t-number .{E} * see f-number.<br />
t-s<strong>to</strong>p .{E;F} * A lens marking which indicates <strong>the</strong> true light<br />
transmission <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lens at a given aperture instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
approxi-mate light transmission indicated by <strong>the</strong><br />
conventional f-s<strong>to</strong>p marking; see also f-number.09. 30.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= parada t; F= t-s<strong>to</strong>p ? (opt)}.<br />
tabla de concordancias .{Es} * see concordance .{E}.<br />
tabla redonda de grabaciones audiovisuales .{Es} * see<br />
Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records .{E}.<br />
table de concordance .{F} * see concordance .{E}.<br />
table de concordancias .{Es} * see concordance .{E}.<br />
table de montage .{F} * see editing table .{E}.<br />
table des matières .{F} * see table <strong>of</strong> contents (TOC) .{E}.<br />
table lumineuse .{F} * see light table .{E}.<br />
table model phonograph/gramophone .{E} * see enclosed<br />
horn phonograph/gramophone.<br />
table <strong>of</strong> contents (TOC) .{E} * 1) A listing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong><br />
a given work. 2) Non-audio sub-code data contained in <strong>the</strong><br />
lead-in area <strong>of</strong> a CD which s<strong>to</strong>res initialization data,<br />
including track and time information, and is read during<br />
initialization.39. .{D= ?; Es= índice de materias; F= table<br />
des matières}.<br />
table ronde sur les enregistrements audiovisuels .{F} * see<br />
Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records .{E}.<br />
tableau de numérotage .{F} * see slate .{E}.<br />
tableau de raccordement .{F} * see patch panel .{E}.<br />
tablette .{F} * see shelf .{E}.<br />
tache .{F} * see blemish .{E}.<br />
tache (orange) .{F} * see microspots .{E}.<br />
taché (film) .{F} * see mottled .{E}.<br />
tâche lumineuse .{F} * see smear .{E}.<br />
taches de rouille .{F} * see foxing .{E}.<br />
tacking iron .{E} * A small, light-weight iron with an<br />
adjustable <strong>the</strong>rmostatic control used <strong>to</strong> heat and melt dry<br />
mount or heat-set tissue.07. .{D= ?; Es= espátula de calor;<br />
F= résistance chauffante}.<br />
217<br />
tactile materials .{E} * Materials with raised symbols and/or<br />
differently textured surfaces that are intended for use by<br />
<strong>the</strong> visually impaired.03. .{D= ?; Es= materiales táctiles<br />
(concebidos especialmente para ciegos); F= matérials<br />
tactiles}.<br />
tail .{E} * 1) The bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a book or cassette as it sits<br />
upright, usually implying <strong>the</strong> very edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> covers and<br />
spine. 2) The end <strong>of</strong> a piece <strong>of</strong> tape or film. 3) A ghost<br />
image or pulse in a television picture or signal; also called<br />
an afterimage; see also head and tail. .{D= 1) ?; 2)<br />
Bandende; Ende; Bolt; 3) ?; Es= 1) cabeza; cabezada; 2)<br />
extremo (fin de una cinta); 3) derivación; F= amorce de fin;<br />
extrémité; trainée; 1 & 2) extremité; 3) ?}.<br />
taille .{F} * see disk size .{E}.<br />
taille des particules .{F} * see particle size .{E}.<br />
tails out .{D;E} * A tape recording or reel <strong>of</strong> film that is<br />
s<strong>to</strong>red after recording or playback without being rewound,<br />
i.e. with <strong>the</strong> tail-end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape/film outermost on <strong>the</strong> reel;<br />
see also heads out.(04.) .{F= à l'envers (pieds dehors);<br />
Es= cinta guardada sin rebobinar}.<br />
take .{D;E} * 1) In <strong>the</strong> making <strong>of</strong> a recording, a specific<br />
recorded performance. Sound recording manufacturers<br />
normally assign a different indica<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> each take<br />
(sometimes indicated in <strong>the</strong> matrix number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
published disc or cylinder sound recording, but not in <strong>the</strong><br />
catalogue or issue numbers). Hence, <strong>the</strong> matrix number <strong>of</strong><br />
such a sound recording will <strong>of</strong>ten indicate whe<strong>the</strong>r a<br />
reissue <strong>of</strong> an earlier recording is actually <strong>the</strong> same or a<br />
different take. One or more takes are done <strong>of</strong> each shot on<br />
<strong>the</strong> set. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se is <strong>the</strong>n chosen <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> shot used in<br />
<strong>the</strong> fine cut <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film.(30.) 2) A length <strong>of</strong> film or videotape,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten one <strong>of</strong> several similar shots. 3) In a moving-image<br />
production, a cut from one camera <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r. 4) A<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r's command <strong>to</strong> cut, as "take one;" also called a<br />
direct take. 5) In videotape programme production, a<br />
segment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal programme recorded in time isolation<br />
from o<strong>the</strong>r segments for later assembly in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> complete<br />
programme.(10.) .{F= prise (de son); prise sur un<br />
<strong>to</strong>urnage; 2) prise de vues; Es= 1) <strong>to</strong>ma; escena; 2)<br />
duración de una cinta; 3) corte de una cámara a otra; 4)<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma buena [directa]}.<br />
take-up reel .{E} * The reel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape recorder which<br />
accumulates <strong>the</strong> tape as it is recorded or played.(50.) .{D=<br />
Aufwickelspule; Es= bobina recep<strong>to</strong>ra; bobina de recogida<br />
[arrollamien<strong>to</strong>]; F= bobine enrouleuse; bobine réceptrice}.<br />
take-up tension .{E} * The tension or pulling force which<br />
<strong>the</strong> take-up reel applies <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape as it leaves <strong>the</strong><br />
capstan/pinch roller area <strong>of</strong> a tape recorder.04. .{D=<br />
Aufwickelbandzug; Es= tensión de rebobinado; F= tension<br />
de bobine réceptrice}.<br />
talent .{E} * The term used in television <strong>to</strong> identify those in<br />
front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera; also known as cast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
repar<strong>to</strong>; elenco (de artistas); F= acteur (face à la caméra);<br />
artiste; la distribution}.<br />
talker .{E} * see talking machine.<br />
talkeries .{E} * see talking machine. .{D= ?; Es= máquinas<br />
parlantes; F= machines parlantes}.<br />
talking doll record .{E} * A white or brown wax cylinder<br />
recording used by Edison in 1888 and 1889 as <strong>the</strong> voice<br />
producer for a child's doll, believed <strong>to</strong> have been <strong>the</strong> first<br />
commercial use <strong>of</strong> a sound recording. .{D= Sprechende<br />
Puppe; Es= muñeca cilíndrica parlante; F= cylindre<br />
poupée parlante}.<br />
tambor .{Es} * see drum .{E}.<br />
tambor (escáner) .{Es} * see headwheel .{E}.
tambour .{F} * see drum; headwheel .{E}.<br />
tambour de tête .{F} * see scanner .{E}.<br />
tambour porte-têtes .{F} * see headwheel .{E}.<br />
tambour presseur .{F} * see pressure roller .{E}.<br />
tape .{E} * see magnetic tape.<br />
tape cassette .{E} * see cassette.<br />
tape deck .{E} * A magnetic tape recorder designed for use<br />
in built-in high fidelity music systems. Generally encased<br />
in a metal case ra<strong>the</strong>r than a carrying case. The<br />
electronics usually consist <strong>of</strong> record amplifiers and<br />
playback pre-amplifier.50. .{D= Tonbandgerät; Es= platina<br />
(magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica); F= platine; platine d'enregistrement}.<br />
tape drive .{E} * see tape transport.<br />
tape guides .{E} * Grooved pins or rollers mounted at each<br />
side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording tape head assembly <strong>to</strong> position <strong>the</strong><br />
magnetic tape correctly on <strong>the</strong> head as it is being recorded<br />
or played.16. .{D= Bandführungen; Es= guías de la cinta;<br />
F= tige-guide du ruban; guide band; guide de bande}.<br />
tape head .{E} * see head.<br />
tape hiss .{E} * see hiss.<br />
tape index counter .{E} * A counter used mostly <strong>to</strong> aid in<br />
referring <strong>to</strong> a particular portion <strong>of</strong> tape.(50.) .{D=<br />
Bandzählwerk; Es= contador índice de cinta; F= compteur<br />
de défilement; indicateur de défiment}.<br />
tape label .{E} * see label.<br />
tape lifter .{E} * A system <strong>of</strong> movable guides which<br />
au<strong>to</strong>matically diverts tape from contact with <strong>the</strong> recorder's<br />
heads during fast forward or rewinding modes <strong>of</strong><br />
operation.16. .{D= Bandabhebung; Es= levantador de la<br />
cinta; F= écarteur de bande}.<br />
tape mark .{E} * A special control block recorded on<br />
magnetic tape <strong>to</strong> serve as a separa<strong>to</strong>r between files and<br />
file labels.46. .{D= ?; Es= marca (registrada) en la cinta;<br />
F= marque de bande}.<br />
tape pack .{E} * The degree <strong>of</strong> tightness with which<br />
magnetic tape is wound on a reel or core.(10.) .{D=<br />
Bandwickel; Es= rollo de cinta; F= serrage de la bande}.<br />
tape player .{E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>to</strong> play prerecorded<br />
tape.16. .{D= Bandspieler; Es= reproduc<strong>to</strong>r de<br />
cinta (magnet<strong>of</strong>ónica); F= magné<strong>to</strong>phone}.<br />
tape recording .{E} * see audiotape; videotape.<br />
tape setting .{E} * 1) In motion picture film production, <strong>the</strong><br />
control <strong>of</strong> light values while printing film by using a<br />
perforated paper tape; see also trim setting.09. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
control de los valores de luminosidad de una cinta<br />
mediante papel perforado; F= contrôle de lumière pendant<br />
tirage film sur papier}.<br />
tape skew .{E} * The deviation <strong>of</strong> a tape from following a<br />
linear path when transported across <strong>the</strong> heads. The terms<br />
'static' and 'dynamic' are used <strong>to</strong> distinguish <strong>the</strong> physically<br />
fixed and fluctuating components <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal tape<br />
skew.(06.46.) .{D= Skew; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion oblicua; F=<br />
déviation de la bande; dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de l'image}.<br />
tape speed .{E} * The speed at which tape moves past <strong>the</strong><br />
head in recording or playback modes. Standard tape<br />
speed for home use is 7½-IPS/19.05-CM/S or half this<br />
speed (3#-IPS/9.5 CM/S). One fourth or even one eighth<br />
this speed is also used for low-fi recordings, and if used for<br />
218<br />
music recordings it utilizes a special high quality tape, and<br />
generally only for home use.(16.) .{D=<br />
Bandgeschwindigkeit; Es= velocidad de avance [recorrido,<br />
deslizamien<strong>to</strong>] de la cinta; F= vitesse de ruban; vitesse de<br />
défilement de la bande bande; vitesse de bande}.<br />
tape splice .{E} * see splice.<br />
tape splicer .{E} * A semi-au<strong>to</strong>matic or au<strong>to</strong>matic device<br />
used for splicing tape.50. .{D= Bandklebemaschine; Es=<br />
empalmador de cinta (operario); F= collant; colleuse à<br />
"scotch"}.<br />
tape squeal .{E} * The sonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion which may occur in<br />
playback <strong>of</strong> a tape recording which has a deterioration or<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lubricant in its coating, causing friction as <strong>the</strong><br />
tape passes over <strong>the</strong> playback head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> machine; also<br />
caused by playing <strong>the</strong> tape in a excessively dry<br />
environment.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= chillido de la cinta; F=<br />
crissement}.<br />
tape transport .{E} * 1) The head assembly, mo<strong>to</strong>r(s), and<br />
control mechanisms in a tape recorder, tape player, or<br />
computer which uses magnetic tape as its data s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
system which move <strong>the</strong> magnetic tape past <strong>the</strong> heads. The<br />
mechanism extracts tape from a s<strong>to</strong>rage device, moves it<br />
across magnetic heads at a controlled speed and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
feeds it in<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r s<strong>to</strong>rage device. Typical s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
devices are tape loops, bins, reels, and magazines (i.e.<br />
cassettes and cartridges-amplifiers, power amplifiers,<br />
speakers or carrying case.50. .{D= Bandtransport; Es=<br />
arrastre [transporte] de la cinta; F= défilement de la bande;<br />
mécanisme d'entraînement de la bande}.<br />
tape weave .{E} * A condition in which recording tape<br />
makes unwanted up and down movement as it passes <strong>the</strong><br />
head; may be caused by improper tape slitting, poor<br />
transport mechanical alignment, worn heads or tape<br />
guides, or improper winding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape before<br />
s<strong>to</strong>rage.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= ondulación de la cinta; F=<br />
ondulation de la band}.<br />
tape-<strong>to</strong>-head separation .{E} * The separation between a<br />
magnetic head and <strong>the</strong> magnetic tape caused by 1) <strong>the</strong> foil<br />
bearing effect, 2) improper head con<strong>to</strong>ur, which generates<br />
standing waves in <strong>the</strong> tape, and/or 3) surface roughness<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape surface. These conditions are interrelated and<br />
are greatly influenced by tape tension and tape<br />
compliancy. In a properly designed system, tape<br />
roughness is <strong>the</strong> limit <strong>of</strong> head-<strong>to</strong>-tape separation, usually<br />
less than 10 #m.46. .{D= mangelnder Band-Kopf-Kontakt;<br />
Es= separación entre cabeza y cinta; F= écartement têtebande}.<br />
tape-<strong>to</strong>-head separation changes .{E} * Variations in <strong>the</strong><br />
distance between <strong>the</strong> tape head and <strong>the</strong> tape in magnetic<br />
tape recording. May be caused by such as 1) head<br />
contamination (i.e., debris attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> head which<br />
causes <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>to</strong> lift away from <strong>the</strong> head) or 2) tape<br />
contamination (i.e., particles attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape which<br />
causes <strong>the</strong> tape <strong>to</strong> lift away from <strong>the</strong> head).(46. ) .{D=<br />
Band-Kopf-ontaktprobleme; Es= cambios en la separación<br />
entre cabeza y cinta; F= variations d'écartement têtebande}.<br />
tapeography .{E} * see discography.<br />
target .{E} * In micropho<strong>to</strong>graphy, 1) any document or<br />
chart containing identification information, coding, or test<br />
charts. 2) An aid <strong>to</strong> technical or bibliographic control that<br />
is pho<strong>to</strong>graphed on <strong>the</strong> film preceding and/or following <strong>the</strong><br />
document.40.(22.) 3) The face <strong>of</strong> a video pick up tube that<br />
is scanned by its electron beam. .{D= Vorspann; Es= 1 y<br />
2) cartela; ficha técnica; 3) objetivo; F= mire; cible;<br />
objectif}.<br />
tarjeta de abertura .{Es} * see aperture card .{E}.
tarjeta de la prueba neutra .{Es} * see neutral test card<br />
.{E}.<br />
tarjeta J .{Es} * see j card .{E}.<br />
tarnish .{E} * In pho<strong>to</strong>graphy, a discolouration <strong>of</strong> silver<br />
images by <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> silver sulphide. Colours range<br />
from blue-black <strong>to</strong> yellow-brown and occur most frequently<br />
on areas <strong>of</strong> high silver content.(42.) .{D= ?; Es= deslustre;<br />
decoloración; F= ternissure}.<br />
taulen .{D} * see wow .{E}.<br />
Taupunkt .{D} * see dew point .{E}.<br />
taux d'échantillonnage .{F} * see sampling rate .{E}.<br />
taux d'éclatement .{F} * see burst ratio .{E}.<br />
taux d'erreur sur les blocs .{F} * see block error rate<br />
(BLER) .{E}.<br />
taux d'erreurs sur les bits .{F} * see bit error rate (BER)<br />
.{E}.<br />
TCC .{E} * acronym for Technical Coordinating Committee;<br />
see Round Table on <strong>Audiovisual</strong> Records. {D= ?; Es=<br />
acrónimo de Integración de Compresión Temporal; F= ?}.<br />
tearing resistance .{E} * The force required <strong>to</strong> tear a<br />
specimen under standardized conditions. In archival work,<br />
<strong>the</strong> two most important measures <strong>of</strong> tearing resistance are:<br />
1) internal (or continuing) tearing resistance, where <strong>the</strong><br />
edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sheet is cut before <strong>the</strong> actual tear is made; and<br />
2) edge tearing resistance, i.e., <strong>the</strong> resistance <strong>of</strong>fered by<br />
<strong>the</strong> sheet <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> onset <strong>of</strong> tearing at <strong>the</strong> edge, and which<br />
appears <strong>to</strong> be dependent on both <strong>the</strong> extensibility and <strong>the</strong><br />
tensile strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper.07. .{D= ?; Es= resistencia al<br />
desgarro; F= résistance à la déchirure}.<br />
technical drawing .{E} * A cross section, detail, diagram,<br />
elevation, perspective, plan, working plan, etc., made for<br />
use in engineering or o<strong>the</strong>r technical context; see also<br />
architectural rendering.03. .{D= ?; Es= dibujo técnico; F=<br />
dessin industriel}.<br />
Techniscope .{D;E;Es;F} * A system in which a halfheight<br />
frame <strong>of</strong> 35-mm film is used <strong>to</strong> produce a widescreen<br />
motion picture.(10.)<br />
técnico de registro .{Es} * see recorder .{E}.<br />
Teiltöne .{D} * see harmonics .{E}.<br />
teinte .{F} * see hue .{E}.<br />
teinture .{F} * see dye .{E}.<br />
tejuelo .{Es} * see label .{E}.<br />
telecast .{E} * see broadcast.<br />
telecast date .{E} * see broadcast date.<br />
telecine .{E;Es} * A machine which converts <strong>the</strong> optical<br />
images previously recorded on standard motion picture<br />
film in<strong>to</strong> electrical video signals; also called film chain.(06.)<br />
.{D= Filmabtaster; F= télécinéma}.<br />
télécinéma .{F} * see filmic space .{E}; telecine .{E;Es};<br />
telerecorder .{E}.<br />
télécopie .{F} * see facsimile .{E}.<br />
telediario .{Es} * see television news .{E}.<br />
telefeature .{E} * A movie <strong>of</strong> forty (40) or more minutes in<br />
length, made for television broadcast ra<strong>the</strong>r than for<br />
219<br />
<strong>the</strong>atrical release.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= telefilme; F= téléfilm}.<br />
telefilm .{Es} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.<br />
téléfilm .{F} * see kinescope film; telefeature .{E}.<br />
telefilmadora .{Es} * see telerecorder (1) .{E}.<br />
telefilme .{Es} * see telefeature .{E}.<br />
telefimadora .{Es} * see telerecorder .{E;F}.<br />
télégraphone .{F} * see telegraphone .{E}.<br />
téléobjectif .{E} * see telepho<strong>to</strong> lens .{E}.<br />
teleobjetivo .{Es} * see telepho<strong>to</strong> lens .{E}.<br />
telepho<strong>to</strong> lens .{E} * A lens <strong>of</strong> a very long focal length<br />
which acts like a telescope and has <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> greatly<br />
decreasing <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> depth; see also<br />
foreshortening.30. .{D= ?; Es= teleobjetivo; F= téléobjectif;<br />
objectif de longue focale}.<br />
telerecorder .{E;F} * Equipment for recording television<br />
signals on<strong>to</strong> motion picture filmA type <strong>of</strong> telerecorder is <strong>the</strong><br />
Electron Beam Recorder (EBR); see also kinescope.(06.)<br />
.{D= Filmaufzeichnungsgerät; Es= 1) telefilmadora;<br />
grabadora de televisión; 2) registrador [grabador] a<br />
distancia; F= télécinéma}.<br />
television network .{E} * see network.<br />
television news .{E} * Coverage <strong>of</strong> current events on<br />
regularly scheduled television broadcasts.12. .{D=<br />
Fernsehnachrichten; Es= telediario; noticiario de<br />
televisión; F= journal télévisé}.<br />
television promo .{E} * A short message intended for<br />
telecast, advertising a television programme.12. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= anuncio televisivo; F= annonce programme}.<br />
television serial .{E} * see serial.<br />
television sponsor .{E} * see sponsor.<br />
television station .{E} * see broadcast station.<br />
television trailer .{E} * see trailer.<br />
televisión .{Es} * see television .{E}.<br />
televisión de alta definición .{Es} * see high-definition<br />
television (HDTV) .{E}.<br />
televisión de definición intensificada .{Es} * see Enhanced<br />
Definition Television (EDTV) .{D;E}.<br />
télévision .{F} * see television .{E}.<br />
télévision à haute définition (TVHD) .{F} * see highdefinition<br />
television (HDTV) .{E}.<br />
télévision en circuit fermé (CCTV) .{F} * see CCTV .{E}.<br />
telop .{E} * A video production process in which 3" X 5"<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>graphs and opaque art cards were transferred <strong>to</strong><br />
video through a video camera. Some telop machines<br />
inclose 2 banks and a mechanism <strong>to</strong> produce a video<br />
dissolve. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as a belop machine. Some telops<br />
incorporates a metal strip for transport <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> materials<br />
while o<strong>the</strong>rs used a wire frame. telepromter. Ei<strong>the</strong>r a paper<br />
based or electronically generated system <strong>of</strong> producing <strong>the</strong><br />
program script visually for <strong>the</strong> performer in a video<br />
production <strong>to</strong> read while maintaining direct eye contact<br />
with <strong>the</strong> video camera. Also referred <strong>to</strong> as prompter. .{D=<br />
?; Es= ?; F= telop (projecteur telop)}.
telop (projecteur telop) .{F} * see telop .{E}.<br />
témoin .{F} * see jeep .{E}.<br />
Temperatur .{D} * see temperature .{E}.<br />
temperatura .{Es} * see temperature .{E}.<br />
temperatura ambiental .{Es} * see ambient temperature<br />
.{E}.<br />
temperatura del color .{Es} * see colour temperature .{E}.<br />
température .{F} * see temperature .{E}.<br />
température ambiante .{F} * see ambient temperature .{E}.<br />
température de couleur .{F} * see colour temperature .{E}.<br />
temporal alias .{E} * see alias.<br />
temporizador .{Es} * see timer (1) .{E}.<br />
temps codé .{F} * see time code .{E}.<br />
temps codé à trame .{F} * see drop frame time code .{E}.<br />
temps codé intervalle vertical .{F} * see vertical interval<br />
time code .{E}.<br />
temps codé sur l'horloge .{F} * see clock time .{E}.<br />
temps d'accès .{F} * see access time .{E}.<br />
tensile strength .{E} * The property <strong>of</strong> a material which<br />
enables it <strong>to</strong> resist rupture under tension.(45.) Measuring<br />
<strong>the</strong> tensile strength <strong>of</strong> a paper is a way <strong>of</strong> measuring <strong>the</strong><br />
relative bonding between <strong>the</strong> fibres. This is done by an<br />
instrument devised <strong>to</strong> ascertain what strain, expressed in<br />
pounds, is required <strong>to</strong> break a strip <strong>of</strong> paper a given length<br />
and width. Standard-sized strips cut from <strong>the</strong> paper in both<br />
machine direction and cross direction are attached (in<br />
separate tests for each direction) <strong>to</strong>p and bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>to</strong> clamps<br />
or grips in <strong>the</strong> machine. The lower clamp is pulled down at<br />
a slow, even speed by an electric mo<strong>to</strong>r. The strip <strong>of</strong> paper<br />
pulls down <strong>the</strong> clamp <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> upper end is attached,<br />
transmitting <strong>the</strong> movement along an arm <strong>to</strong> a weighted<br />
lever, which is pulled along a scale. When <strong>the</strong> test strip<br />
breaks, <strong>the</strong> lever remains fixed and indicates on <strong>the</strong> scale<br />
<strong>the</strong> force in pounds required <strong>to</strong> break <strong>the</strong> paper. The<br />
tensile strength <strong>of</strong> a paper is described by one number<br />
indicating <strong>the</strong> pressure required <strong>to</strong> pull <strong>the</strong> fibres apart in<br />
<strong>the</strong> machine direction and ano<strong>the</strong>r number for <strong>the</strong> cross<br />
direction. Since tensile strength is tested by a pulling<br />
action (instead <strong>of</strong> a tearing action or a bursting action), <strong>the</strong><br />
results should be higher in <strong>the</strong> machine direction than in<br />
<strong>the</strong> cross direction.22. see also breaking length; bursting<br />
strength; tape tension. .{D= Reißfestigkeit; Es= resistencia<br />
a la tracción [tensión]; F= force extensible}.<br />
tension de bobine réceptrice .{F} * see take-up tension<br />
.{E}.<br />
tension débitrice .{F} * see holdback tension .{E}.<br />
tension en mode lecture .{F} * see play tension .{E}.<br />
tensión de bobinado constante .{Es} * see constant<br />
tension wind .{E}.<br />
tensión de rebobinado .{Es} * see take-up tension .{E}.<br />
tensión en el modo de lectura .{Es} * see play tension .{E}.<br />
tensión retenida .{Es} * see holdback tension .{E}.<br />
tentelometer .{E} * A gauge for measuring <strong>the</strong> tension <strong>of</strong><br />
magnetic tape as it is wound on a reel or hub.07. .{D=<br />
220<br />
Bandzugmeßgerät; Bandzugwaage; Es= tentelómetro; F=<br />
tentélomètre}.<br />
tentélomètre .{F} * see tentelometer .{E}.<br />
tentelómetro .{Es} * see tentelometer .{E}.<br />
teorema del muestreo (de Nyquist) .{Es} * see sampling<br />
<strong>the</strong>orem (Nyquist) .{E}.<br />
teoría (cine) que defiende la responsabilidad artística del<br />
direc<strong>to</strong>r .{Es} * see auteur .{E;F}.<br />
termografía .{Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmography .{E}.<br />
termohigrógrafo .{Es} * see hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph .{E}.<br />
termohigrógrafo registrador (de da<strong>to</strong>s) .{Es} * see<br />
recording hygro<strong>the</strong>rmograph .{E}.<br />
termómetro .{Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmometer .{D;E}.<br />
termoplástico .{Es} * see <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic .{E}-test .{E}.<br />
test aérien .{F} * see air check .{E}.<br />
test bars .{E} * see test pattern.<br />
test d'éclatement .{F} * see mullen .{E}.<br />
test d'intermodulation .{F} * see cross-modulation test<br />
(cross mod) .{E}.<br />
test de contact à l'alcool .{F} * see alcohol spot-test .{E}.<br />
test de marque de séchage .{F} * see water spot-test .{E}.<br />
test disc .{E} * A specially prepared disc containing signals<br />
and programme material designed <strong>to</strong> measure and<br />
evaluate players and o<strong>the</strong>r equipment. 39. .{D=<br />
Testschallplatte; Es= disco de prueba; F= disque test}.<br />
test film .{E} * A short film designed <strong>to</strong> determine whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
a projec<strong>to</strong>r is in proper working order.(10.) .{D= Testfilm;<br />
Es= película de prueba; F= film d'épreuve; film d'essai; film<br />
étalon}.<br />
test pattern .{E} * Any <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> charts (i.e., colour<br />
registration chart, linear reflectance chart, linearity chart,<br />
logarithmic reflectance chart, resolution chart, test bar<br />
chart) used for television camera alignment.(10.) .{D= ?;<br />
Es= norma para efectuar pruebas; F= mire; mire de<br />
réglage}.<br />
test tape .{E} * see alignment tape.<br />
test <strong>to</strong>ne .{E} * An alignment <strong>to</strong>ne recorded on a magnetic<br />
tape, usually preceding <strong>the</strong> programme information, which<br />
assists in adjusting <strong>the</strong> playback machine <strong>to</strong> correlate <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> machine on which <strong>the</strong> tape was originally recorded. In<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional and archival setting <strong>the</strong>re are generally<br />
agreed standards for recording this <strong>to</strong>ne.(04.) .{D=<br />
Test<strong>to</strong>n; Es= <strong>to</strong>no de prueba; F= son test; <strong>to</strong>n d'épreuve}.<br />
Testband .{D} * see alignment tape; standard amplitude<br />
reference tape; standard reference tape .{E}.<br />
Testfilm .{D} * see test film .{E}.<br />
testimonio .{Es} * see record (1) .{E}.<br />
Testkopie .{D} * see checkprint .{E}.<br />
Testpressung .{D} * see test pressing .{E}.<br />
Testschallplatte .{D} * see test disc .{E}.<br />
Test<strong>to</strong>n .{D} * see test <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.
tête .{E} * see head .{E}.<br />
tête d'écriture-lecture .{F} * see read-write-erase head .{E}.<br />
tête d'effacement .{F} * see erase head .{E}.<br />
tête d'effacement (vid) .{F} * see flying erase head .{E}.<br />
tête d'effacement <strong>to</strong>tal .{F} * see bulk eraser; master erase<br />
head .{E}.<br />
tête d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording head .{E}.<br />
tête de contrôle .{F} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r head .{E}.<br />
tête de lecture .{F} * see playback head .{E}.<br />
tête de phonocapteur .{F} * see pickup cartridge .{E}.<br />
tête de synchronisation .{F} * see sync head .{E}.<br />
tête début .{F} * see head .{E}.<br />
tête optique .{F} * see optical pickup .{E}.<br />
têtes groupées .{F} * see in-line heads .{E}.<br />
tétrachlorure de carbone .{F} * see carbon tetrachloride<br />
.{E}.<br />
tetracloruro de carbono .{Es} * see carbon tetrachloride<br />
.{E}.<br />
Textarchiv .{D} * see textual records .{E}.<br />
tex<strong>to</strong> de la carátula .{Es} * see liner notes .{E}.<br />
textual records .{E} * A term used <strong>to</strong> distinguish<br />
conventional / traditional documents in manuscript or<br />
typescript from audiovisual, car<strong>to</strong>graphic, and machinereadable<br />
records/archives.(22.) .{D= Textarchiv; Es=<br />
archivos textuales; F= archives textuelles}.<br />
THD .{E} * acronym for <strong>to</strong>tal harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion.<br />
Theaterkopie .{D} * see release print .{E}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>atrical newsreel .{E} * see newsreel.<br />
<strong>the</strong>atrical serial .{E} * see serial.<br />
théorème d'échantillonnage .{F} * see sampling <strong>the</strong>orem<br />
(Nyquist) .{E}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient .{D} * see coefficient<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal expansion .{E}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmochemical properties .{E} * Characteristics dealing<br />
with <strong>the</strong> interrelation <strong>of</strong> heat with chemical reaction or<br />
physical change <strong>of</strong> state.53. .{D= ?; Es= propiedades<br />
termoquímicas; F= propriétés <strong>the</strong>rmochimiques}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographic copy .{E} * A copy <strong>of</strong> a document made by<br />
a <strong>the</strong>rmographic process, or <strong>the</strong>rmography.19. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
copia termográfica; F= copie <strong>the</strong>rmographique}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographic process .{E} * A procedure for copying<br />
documents without <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> liquid chemicals. Heat<br />
sensitive paper is used <strong>to</strong> make copies from an original<br />
having carbon or metallic writing or printing inks.19. .{D=<br />
?; Es= proceso termográfico; F= procédé<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographique}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographie .{F} * see <strong>the</strong>rmography .{E}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmography .{E} * Any printing process which involves<br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> heat; specifically that method <strong>of</strong> printing from<br />
ordinary type or plates on an ordinary press and in which<br />
221<br />
a special ink is used, <strong>the</strong> type impression being sprinkled<br />
while still wet with a special powder and <strong>the</strong>n subjected <strong>to</strong><br />
a heating process which causes <strong>the</strong> particles <strong>to</strong> adhere <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> printed surface and fuse <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> give <strong>the</strong> printing a<br />
raised effect. The Xerox process is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> better known<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographic processes <strong>to</strong>day.(19.22.) .{D=<br />
Wärmekopierverfahren; Es= termografía; F=<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmographie}.<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmoplastique .{F} * see <strong>the</strong>rmoplastic .{E}.<br />
thickness .{E} * The space between opposite surfaces;<br />
also called caliper; see also apparent thickness; physical<br />
thickness; <strong>to</strong>tal thickness.(08.) .{D= Dicke; Stärke; Es=<br />
espesor; grosor; grueso; F= épaisseur}.<br />
thiocyanate de cobalt .{F} * see cobalt thiocyanate .{E}.<br />
third generation micr<strong>of</strong>ilm .{E} * see second reproduction<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilm.<br />
thread marks .{E} * see paper marks .{E}.<br />
threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E} * A means <strong>of</strong> citing <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> sound grooves found per longitudinal inch <strong>of</strong> an<br />
audio cylinder record, or per radial inch on <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong><br />
a disc record.(04.14.) .{D= Steigung; Es= vueltas [hilos]<br />
por pulgada; F= sillon par inch}.<br />
three-beam tracking .{E} * An optical pickup in which a<br />
LASER beam is split in<strong>to</strong> three spots, <strong>the</strong> centre spot used<br />
for data recovery and focusing, and <strong>the</strong> secondary spots<br />
for tracking.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= lec<strong>to</strong>r óptico de tres haces;<br />
F= suivi de piste à trois faisceaux}.<br />
thymol (isopropyl meta cresol) .{E;F} * A colourless,<br />
crystalline compound obtained from origanum and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
oils; used as a preservative and a fungicide in adhesive<br />
paste. It can be applied as a solution in alcohol or<br />
vaporized for use as a fungicide.45. It is in crystalline form<br />
at room temperature, and sublimes <strong>to</strong> vapour when heated<br />
above 120°F. Thymol is <strong>to</strong>xic, and can be absorbed<br />
through <strong>the</strong> skin; <strong>the</strong> major hazard is ingestion through<br />
inhalation. Thymol is not registered as a mould control<br />
chemical by <strong>the</strong> environmental protection agency, is<br />
carcinogenic, and not recommended for use in<br />
preservation procedures.07. .{D= ?; Es= timol}.<br />
tic .{F} * see tick .{E}.<br />
tiefe Frequenz .{D} * see low frequency .{E}.<br />
Tiefenschärfe .{D} * see depth <strong>of</strong> focus .{E}.<br />
Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme .{D} * see vertical cut; vertical cut<br />
recording .{E}.<br />
Tiefpaßfilter .{D} * see low-pass filter .{E}.<br />
tiempo de acceso .{Es} * see access time .{E}.<br />
tiempo de estabilización .{Es} * see settling time .{E}.<br />
tiempo de fijación .{Es} * see settling time .{E}.<br />
tiempo de reloj en clave .{Es} * see clock time .{E}.<br />
tiempo de sincronización (vídeo VTR) .{Es} * see preroll<br />
.{E}.<br />
tiempo real .{Es} * see real-time .{E}.<br />
tierischer Leim .{D} * see animal glue .{E}.<br />
tige-guide du ruban bande .{F} * see tape guides .{E}.<br />
tilt shot .{E} * In moving-image productions <strong>the</strong> camera tilts<br />
up or down, rotating around <strong>the</strong> left-right axis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
camera head; see also pan, roll.30. .{D=<br />
Froschperspektive; geneigte Kamera; Draufsicht;<br />
Vogelperspektive; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma [plano] desde abajo hacia<br />
arriba; <strong>to</strong>ma desde abajo hacia arriba; llorado del donido;<br />
F= panoramique vertical; contre-longée; plongée}.<br />
timbre .{E;Es;F} * The subjective <strong>to</strong>nal quality <strong>of</strong> a sound,<br />
determined largely by <strong>the</strong> harmonic structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound<br />
wave. Rich sounding <strong>to</strong>nes or sounds tend <strong>to</strong> have a great<br />
number <strong>of</strong> upper harmonics which contribute <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir lush<br />
timbre; thin sounding <strong>to</strong>nes or sounds tend <strong>to</strong> be lacking in<br />
<strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> harmonics.(04.) .{D= Timbre; Es= código<br />
de tiempo; código horario}.<br />
Timbre .{D} * see timbre .{E;F}.<br />
time base error correc<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * see time-base correc<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
time code .{D;E} * 1) A signal which is recorded on a<br />
longitudinal track <strong>of</strong> a magnetic video tape for later editing<br />
and control use; <strong>the</strong> time information is usually expressed<br />
in hours, minutes, seconds, and television frames.(06.) 2)<br />
In videotape editing, an 80-bit word recorded ei<strong>the</strong>r on an<br />
audio track or within <strong>the</strong> vertical interval. .{F= code<br />
temporel; temps codé; Es= codigo de tiempo}.<br />
time sampling .{E} * see discrete time sampling.<br />
Time Code Genera<strong>to</strong>r (TCG) .{E} * An electronic device<br />
which generates <strong>the</strong> time code signal. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
generador de códigos de tiempo; F= générateur de temps<br />
codé; générateur de code temporel}.<br />
Time Code Reader (TCR) .{E} * An electronic device which<br />
reads <strong>the</strong> time code signal and displays it.{D= ?; Es=<br />
Lec<strong>to</strong>r de Códigos de Tiempo; F= détecteur de temps<br />
codé}.<br />
Time Code Window (TCW) .{E} * A visual window in <strong>the</strong><br />
active portion <strong>of</strong> video which displays <strong>the</strong> associated timesampling<br />
and interpolation technology and is <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> MUSE SYSTEM. .{D= ?; Es= ventana [visor, pantalla]<br />
de códigos de tiempo; F= ?}.<br />
time-base correc<strong>to</strong>r .{D;E} * Equipment normally<br />
incorporated in broadcast quality video tape machines<br />
designed <strong>to</strong> correct <strong>the</strong> signals reproduced; also called<br />
time base error correc<strong>to</strong>r.(06.) .{F= correcteur de base de<br />
temps; Es= correc<strong>to</strong>r de base de tiempo}.<br />
time-gamma curve .{E} * A plot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> gamma<br />
change over a series <strong>of</strong> development times used <strong>to</strong><br />
determine optimum devel-opment time for black-and-white<br />
negative or positive film. 31.09. .{F= courbe tempsgamma;<br />
Es= curva de tiempo gamma}.<br />
time-lapse movie .{E} * A movie that shows in a few<br />
minutes or a few seconds events that take hours or even<br />
days <strong>to</strong> occur; accomplished by exposing single frames <strong>of</strong><br />
film at fixed intervals. .{D= ?; Es= película de tiempo<br />
acelerado; F= prise de vue en accéléré}.<br />
time-lapse pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E} * 1) The exposure <strong>of</strong> film<br />
frames at times intervals; when replayed it appears that<br />
<strong>the</strong> subject is in fast motion. A typical speed might be one<br />
frame every thirty seconds so that when <strong>the</strong> film is later<br />
projected at normal speed mo-tions such as <strong>the</strong> opening<br />
<strong>of</strong> a flower, which occur <strong>to</strong>o slowly in nature for us <strong>to</strong><br />
observe, are made comprehensible. The opposite <strong>of</strong> timelapse<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>g-raphy is extreme slow motion which has <strong>the</strong><br />
same use in studying reactions which occur <strong>to</strong>o quickly in<br />
nature for us <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong>m. As a scientific <strong>to</strong>ol, film<br />
accomplishes in time what <strong>the</strong> telescope and microscope<br />
accomplish in space.(10.30.) .{D= Zeitraffer; Es= fo<strong>to</strong>grafía<br />
de tiempo acelerado; acelerado; F= prise de vue en<br />
accéléré; accéléré}.<br />
timer .{E} * 1) A device built in<strong>to</strong> a VCR that, if<br />
222<br />
programmed in advance, will ei<strong>the</strong>r start or s<strong>to</strong>p <strong>the</strong> VCR<br />
at a predetermined time.(35.) 2) The person on a movingimage<br />
production team who carriers out <strong>the</strong> timing. .{D=<br />
Schaltuhr; Es= 1) temporizador; 2) cronometrador<br />
(operario); F= étalonneur; minuteur; compteur horaire}.<br />
timing .{E/U} * see grading .{E}.<br />
timol .{Es} * see thymol (isopropyl meta cresol) .{E;F}.<br />
tinte .{Es} * see dye .{E}.<br />
tinted s<strong>to</strong>ck .{E} * see anti-halation coating.<br />
tintype .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graph made on a wet collodion<br />
emulsion on metal; used in <strong>the</strong> late 19th and early 20th<br />
centureis; also called a ferrotype.(10.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
ferrotipo; F= ferrotype ?}.<br />
tiociana<strong>to</strong> de cobal<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see cobalt thiocyanate .{E}.<br />
tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete abier<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see EIAJ-<br />
1 .{E}.<br />
tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete abier<strong>to</strong> con un sistema<br />
de color distin<strong>to</strong> al EIAJ-1 .{Es} * see EIAJ-2 .{E}.<br />
tipo de código aplicable a la medición del tiempo .{Es} *<br />
see drop frame time code .{E}.<br />
tipo de empalme de películas .{Es} * see butt splice .{E}.<br />
tipo M .{Es} * see type M .{E}.<br />
tipping-in .{E} * The insertion <strong>of</strong> a single leaf or sheet <strong>of</strong><br />
paper in<strong>to</strong> a volume by pasting a narrow margin at <strong>the</strong><br />
binding edge.22. .{D= Einkleben; Es= inserción de hojas<br />
sueltas en un libro ya encuadernado; poner guardas; F=<br />
montage sur onglet}.<br />
TIR .{E} * see axial <strong>to</strong>tal indicated run out.<br />
TIR .{Es} * see radial <strong>to</strong>tal truncated run out (TIR) .{E}.<br />
tira .{Es} * see filmstrip .{E}; strip (1) .{E}.<br />
tira cómica (periódicos) .{Es} * see strip (3) .{E}.<br />
tira de cine .{Es} * see cinex .{E}.<br />
tira de control .{Es} * see cinex .{E}; control strip .{E}.<br />
tira de película .{Es} * see micr<strong>of</strong>ilm strip .{E}; unitized film<br />
.{E}.<br />
tira de vistas fijas .{Es} * see film clip .{E}.<br />
tira sin imágenes que precede a la película .{Es} * see<br />
leader .{E}.<br />
tirada .{Es} * see printing .{E}.<br />
tirage .{F} * see print; printing .{E}.<br />
tirage a et b .{F} * see a and b wind printing .{E}.<br />
tirage brillant .{F} * see glossy print .{E}.<br />
tirage contact .{F} * see contact printing .{E}.<br />
tirage humide .{F} * see liquid gate printing .{E}.<br />
tirage optique .{F} * see optical printing .{E}.<br />
tirage optique par agrandissement .{F} * see blow-up .{E}.<br />
tirage original .{F} * see original print .{E}.
tirage par contact .{F} * see contact printing .{E}.<br />
tirage par extraction .{F} * see separation .{E}.<br />
tirage par réduction .{F} * see reduction printing .{E}.<br />
tirage pho<strong>to</strong>graphique .{F} * see copy print .{E}.<br />
tirage positif piste son .{F} * see soundtrack print .{E}.<br />
tirage soustractif .{F} * see subtractive printing .{E}.<br />
tiraje .{Es} * see printing .{E}.<br />
tiraje de copias .{Es} * see release print .{E}.<br />
tiraje por contac<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see contact printing .{E}.<br />
tiraje por reducción .{Es} * see reduction printing .{E}.<br />
tirar .{Es} * see print .{E}.<br />
tireuse .{F} * see printer .{E}.<br />
tireuse continue .{F} * see continuous printer .{E}.<br />
tireuse image par image .{F} * see step printer .{E}.<br />
tireuse optique .{F} * see optical printer .{E}.<br />
tireuse par contact .{F} * see step printer .{E}.<br />
tireuse par immersion .{F} * see wet gate printer .{E}.<br />
tiro focal .{Es} * see focus pull .{E}.<br />
title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a word, phrase,<br />
character, or group <strong>of</strong> words or characters, nominally<br />
appearing in an item, naming <strong>the</strong> item or <strong>the</strong> work<br />
contained in it.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título; F= titre}.<br />
title bands .{E} * see intertitle rolls/title bands.<br />
title frames .{E} * A frame containing written or printed<br />
material not part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> item.03. .{D=<br />
?; Es= cuadro [fo<strong>to</strong>grama, imagen] rotulada; F= trame<br />
titre}.<br />
title proper .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, <strong>the</strong> chief name<br />
<strong>of</strong> an item, including any alternative title but excluding<br />
parallel titles and o<strong>the</strong>r title information. In moving-image<br />
production, normally <strong>the</strong> original release title.12. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= título principal; F= titre principale; titre original ?<br />
(ciné)}.<br />
title screen (computer files) .{E} * In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> a<br />
computer file, a display <strong>of</strong> data that includes <strong>the</strong> title<br />
proper and usually, though not necessarily, <strong>the</strong> statement<br />
<strong>of</strong> responsibility and <strong>the</strong> data relating <strong>to</strong> publication.03.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= nombre de archivo en pantalla; F= identité de<br />
fichier}.<br />
titration .{E;F} * Chemistry method for determining <strong>the</strong><br />
strength or concentration <strong>of</strong> a solution.53. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
análisis volumétrico; dosificación; titulación; valoración; F=<br />
titration}.<br />
titre .{F} * see heading; title .{E}.<br />
titre alternatif? .{F} * see alternative title .{E}.<br />
titre collectif .{F} * see collective title .{E}.<br />
titre complémentaire .{F} * see o<strong>the</strong>r title information .{E}.<br />
titre d'un épisode .{F} * see part title; episode title .{E}.<br />
titre de série ? (vid) .{F} * see umbrella series .{E}.<br />
223<br />
titre en référence .{F} * see related title .{E}.<br />
titre fourni .{F} * see supplied title .{E}.<br />
titre original .{F} * see original release title .{E}.<br />
titre original ? (ciné) .{F} * see title proper .{E}.<br />
titre parellèle .{F} * see parallel title .{E}.<br />
titre principale .{F} * see title proper .{E}.<br />
titre provisoire .{F} * see working title .{E}.<br />
titre provisoire de montage .{F} * see flash title .{E}.<br />
titre traduit de série .{F} * see parallel series title .{E}.<br />
titre uniforme .{F} * see uniform title .{E}.<br />
titre variant .{F} * see variant title .{E}.<br />
titre-clé .{F} * see key title .{E}.<br />
titres (ciné)? .{F} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E}.<br />
titulación .{Es} * see titration .{E}.<br />
título .{Es} * see heading .{E}; title .{E}.<br />
título alternativo .{Es} * see alternative title .{E}.<br />
título base o principal .{Es} * see key title .{E}.<br />
título colectivo .{Es} * see collective title .{E}.<br />
título complementario .{Es} * see o<strong>the</strong>r title information<br />
.{E}.<br />
título complementario adicional .{Es} * see o<strong>the</strong>r title<br />
information .{E}.<br />
título de publicación original .{Es} * see original release<br />
title .{E}.<br />
título de referencia .{Es} * see related title .{E}.<br />
título del capítulo .{Es} * see episode title .{E}.<br />
título del episodio .{Es} * see episode title .{E}.<br />
título del lomo .{Es} * see spine title .{E}.<br />
título parcial (título de un episodio o capítulo) .{Es} * see<br />
part title .{E}.<br />
título principal .{Es} * see title proper .{E}.<br />
título provisional .{Es} * see supplied title .{E}; working title<br />
.{E}.<br />
título sugerido .{Es} * see supplied title .{E}.<br />
título uniforme .{Es} * see uniform title .{E}.<br />
título variante .{Es} * see variant title .{E}.<br />
títulos de crédi<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see credit sequence .{E}.<br />
títulos interiores .{Es} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E};<br />
intertitles/interior titles .{E}.<br />
títulos internos .{Es} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E}.<br />
TOC .{E} * 1) acronym for table <strong>of</strong> contents. 2) acronym<br />
for television operation center. .{D= ?; Es= 1) acrónimo de<br />
Indice de Materias; F= ?}.
<strong>to</strong>ma .{Es} * see shot .{E}; take (1) .{D;E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma a larga distancia .{Es} * see extreme long shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma buena .{Es} * see take (4) .{D;E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma con dolly .{Es} * see dolly shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma continua .{Es} * see follow shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de cámara rodante .{Es} * see dolly shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de conjun<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see master shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de corriente .{Es} * see plug .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de detalle .{Es} * see detail shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de situación .{Es} * see establishing shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma de un personaje u obje<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see single .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma defectuosa .{Es} * see outtake .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma desde abajo hacia arriba .{Es} * see tilt shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>n .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
Ton .{D} * see <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
Tonabnehmer .{D} * see pickup; pickup cartridge .{E}.<br />
Tonabnehmer-Halterung .{D} * see head shell .{E}.<br />
Tonabnehmersystem .{D} * see pickup; pickup cartridge<br />
.{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>nal range .{E} * Number <strong>of</strong> precisely measured gradients<br />
<strong>of</strong> grey that pho<strong>to</strong>graphic materials (prints and negatives)<br />
are capable <strong>of</strong> producing between black and white.43. .{D=<br />
Frequenzumfang; Es= intervalo [rango] <strong>to</strong>nal; F= échelle<br />
<strong>to</strong>nale; gamme de gris}.<br />
Tonarchive .{D} * see audio archives .{E}.<br />
Tonarchivgut .{D} * see audiovisual archives/records data<br />
.{E}.<br />
Tonarm .{D} * see pickup arm; <strong>to</strong>ne arm .{E}.<br />
Tonaufnahme .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.<br />
Tonaufnahmegerät .{D} * see sound recorder .{E}.<br />
Tonaufzeichnung .{D} * see record; sound recording .{E}.<br />
Tonband .{D} * see audio spectrum; audio tape; phonotape<br />
.{E}.<br />
Tonband im Sprossenschrift .{D} * see variable-density<br />
soundtrack .{E}.<br />
Tonband im Zackenschrift-System .{D} * see variable-area<br />
soundtrack .{E}.<br />
Tonbandgerät .{D} * see tape deck .{E}.<br />
Tonbandspule .{D} * see audio reel .{E}.<br />
Tonblubbern .{D} * see bloop .{E}.<br />
Tondokumentation .{D} * see audiovisual archives/records<br />
data .{E}.<br />
Tondraht .{D} * see magnetic wire .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne .{E} * 1) A sound that has definite pitch. 2) To blend<br />
or harmonize colour, sound, etc. 3) A colour tint. 4) The<br />
224<br />
mood or atmosphere <strong>of</strong> a moving-image production.(10.)<br />
5) The audio test signals placed at <strong>the</strong> head or beginning<br />
<strong>of</strong> a recording. 6) The degree <strong>of</strong> lightness or darkness in<br />
any given area <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graphic or motion picture print;<br />
also referred <strong>to</strong> as value. Cold <strong>to</strong>nes (bluish) and warm<br />
<strong>to</strong>nes (reddish) refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image in both<br />
black-and-white and colour pho<strong>to</strong>graphs.09. .{D= 1) Ton;<br />
2 ? 3) - 4) - 5) Ton; 6) ?; Es= 1, 4, 5, 6) <strong>to</strong>no; sonido;<br />
timbre; 2) matriz; 3) en<strong>to</strong>nar; virar; F= <strong>to</strong>n}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne arm .{E} * 1) The connecting device on an acoustical<br />
disc or cylinder audio machine, usually <strong>of</strong> metal, that<br />
carried <strong>the</strong> output from <strong>the</strong> sound box <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> neck <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
horn, so named because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> perceived improvement in<br />
<strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sound.(04.14.) 2) The device on an<br />
electrical audio recorder/reproducer which carries <strong>the</strong><br />
stylus and its related housing and cartridge. .{D= Tonarm;<br />
Es= brazo de <strong>to</strong>cadiscos o fonógrafo; brazo fonocap<strong>to</strong>r; F=<br />
bras acoustique; platine <strong>to</strong>urne disques}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ne control .{E} * Control knob on tape recorder amplifier<br />
used <strong>to</strong> vary bass and treble response <strong>to</strong> achieve most<br />
desirable balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne.16. .{D= Klangregler; Es= control<br />
de <strong>to</strong>no; F= réglege de <strong>to</strong>nalité}.<br />
Tonebuehmersystem .{D} * see cartridge .{E}.<br />
Tonfilm .{D} * see soundtrack .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>ning .{E} ** =F= .{F}.<br />
Tonkanal .{D} * see channel .{E}.<br />
Tonkopf .{D} * see head .{E}.<br />
Tonmeister (für die Mischung) .{D} * see mixer .{E}.<br />
Tonnegativ .{D} * see sound negative .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>no .{Es} * see pitch (3) .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>no .{Es} * see <strong>to</strong>ne (1, 4, 5, 6) .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>no de prueba .{Es} * see test <strong>to</strong>ne .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>nos audibles .{Es} * see audible <strong>to</strong>nes .{E}.<br />
Tonpositiv .{D} * see sound positive .{E}.<br />
Tonspur .{D} * see soundtrack .{E}.<br />
Tonwelle .{D} * see capstan .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>p .{F} * see cue .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>p de synchronisation .{F} * see sync pulse .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>p lighting .{E} * see key light.<br />
<strong>to</strong>p plate .{E} * That part <strong>of</strong> an audio cylinder machine that<br />
carried <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r underneath and <strong>the</strong> visible mechanism<br />
above and which rested in or was fixed upon a hollow<br />
casing.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= soporte superior; F= capot; plan;<br />
support (machine cylindre)}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>rr .{D;E;Es;F} * A unit <strong>of</strong> pressure equal <strong>to</strong> 1/760 <strong>of</strong><br />
atmospheric pressure (i.e., 1,333.22 millibars).53.<br />
<strong>to</strong>rsión de bobinado constante .{Es} * see constant <strong>to</strong>rque<br />
wind .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>rsión de enrollado-bobinado constante .{Es} * see<br />
constant <strong>to</strong>rque winding/spooling .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>tal harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion (THD) .{E} * Undesired harmonics<br />
on an output signal relative <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> input. Often measured<br />
with corresponding noise (thd + n).39. .{D=<br />
Gesamtklirrfak<strong>to</strong>r; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión armónica <strong>to</strong>tal; F=
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion harmonique <strong>to</strong>tale (DHT); dis<strong>to</strong>rsion complet<br />
harmonique}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>tal thickness .{E} * Normally <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thickness <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> base film and <strong>the</strong> magnetic coating, as well as backcoating<br />
when applied, <strong>of</strong> magnetic media. The <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
thickness governs <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> tape that can be wound on<br />
a given reel; see also thickness.46. .{D= Banddicke; Es=<br />
grosor [espesor] <strong>to</strong>tal; F= épaisseur <strong>to</strong>tale}.<br />
Totale .{D} * see long shot .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>tally diffuse density .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> two practical<br />
measurements <strong>of</strong> transmission density (<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r being<br />
specular density), determined by comparing all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
transmitted light with <strong>the</strong> incident light perpendicular <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film plane. The recep<strong>to</strong>r is placed so that all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
transmitted light is collected and evaluated equally. This<br />
setup is analogous <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> contact printer, except that <strong>the</strong><br />
recep<strong>to</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> printer is film.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de<br />
difusión <strong>to</strong>tal [absoluta]; F= densité de diffusion <strong>to</strong>tale}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>uche de rembobinage .{F} * see rewind control .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>uche pause .{F} * see pause control .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>urelle see rack .{E}.<br />
<strong>to</strong>urnage aléa<strong>to</strong>ire .{F} * see alea<strong>to</strong><br />
tracing dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E} * Harmonic dis<strong>to</strong>rtion in audio<br />
playback <strong>of</strong> groove media due <strong>to</strong> improper pickup stylus tip<br />
size.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión de seguimien<strong>to</strong>; F=<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rsion d'inscription}.<br />
track .{E} * 1) The path on magnetic tape on which <strong>the</strong><br />
signal is recorded. 2) Sometimes used interchangeably<br />
with cut or band on a grooved disc recording; see also<br />
soundtrack.(04.) .{D= Spur; Band; Filmband; Es= banda;<br />
pista; F= piste; plage; bande; bande son; rail (de<br />
travelling)}. bande}.<br />
track configuration .{E} * For magnetic tape, <strong>the</strong> relative<br />
position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> active recording area references <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
entire cross-sectioned surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic recording<br />
medium.(10.) .{D= Spurlage; Es= configuración de pista;<br />
F= configuration de piste}.<br />
track numbers .{E} * Numbering <strong>of</strong> selections on a sound<br />
recording.39. .{D= Anfahl der Spuren; Es= números de<br />
pista; F= numéros de piste}.<br />
track pitch .{E} * see pitch.<br />
tracking .{D;E} * 1) The precise control <strong>of</strong> a VCR <strong>to</strong> assure<br />
that <strong>the</strong> video heads 'read' <strong>the</strong> signal <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
accurately. 2) The control on <strong>the</strong> VCR which adjusts <strong>the</strong><br />
way in which tracking is carried out.(35.) .{F=<br />
asservissement; suivi de piste; alignement; centrage de<br />
piste; Es= 1) ajuste [reglaje] exac<strong>to</strong>; 2) seguimien<strong>to</strong> (de<br />
pista)}.<br />
tracking au<strong>to</strong>mático .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong> tracking .{E}.<br />
tracking error .{E} * An error condition in which <strong>the</strong> optical<br />
pickup or magnetic head deviates from <strong>the</strong> track. .{D=<br />
Spurfehler; Es= error de seguimien<strong>to</strong>{x; F= dis<strong>to</strong>rsion de<br />
gravure; erreur de suivi de piste}.<br />
tracking shot .{E} * A moving-image production technique<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> camera is mounted on a set <strong>of</strong> tracks or a<br />
dolly and moves in or out, left or right; see also dolly shot;<br />
follow shot; also called travelling shot.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
<strong>to</strong>ma en movimien<strong>to</strong>; F= plan pris en mouvement; plan<br />
travelling; travelling}.<br />
Träger .{D} * see backing .{E}; carrier .{E}; substrate .{E}.<br />
225<br />
Trägerelement einer Regalanlage .{D} * see upright .{E}.<br />
Trägermaterial .{D} * see substrate .{E}.<br />
Trägerschicht .{D} * see backing .{E}.<br />
Trägheitsmoment .{D} * see moment <strong>of</strong> inertia .{E}.<br />
trailer .{D;E} * 1) A blank section <strong>of</strong> tape at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> a<br />
reel <strong>of</strong> motion-picture film, filmstrip, or micr<strong>of</strong>ilm for<br />
threading through <strong>the</strong> projec<strong>to</strong>r or o<strong>the</strong>r equipment and for<br />
<strong>the</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last frames. 2) A blank section at <strong>the</strong><br />
end <strong>of</strong> a reel <strong>of</strong> magnetic tape or punched tape <strong>to</strong> protect<br />
<strong>the</strong> last few inches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape; see also leader. 3) A<br />
publicity film, usually consisting <strong>of</strong> short excerpts from a<br />
forthcoming presentation, <strong>to</strong> be shown in a movie/film<br />
<strong>the</strong>atre; also called a preview.(12.) .{D= 1) -?; 2) Vorluf;<br />
Vorlauf; Vorspann; Es= avance (cine); arrastre (TV);<br />
avance; F= amorce de fin de bobine; bande annonce;<br />
bande de lancement}.<br />
trailing .{E} * see image retention.<br />
train d'erreurs .{F} * see burst error .{D;E}.<br />
traînage .{F} * see lag .{E}.<br />
traînage des blancs .{F} * see bleeding white .{E}.<br />
traînage dynamique .{F} * see comet tail .{E}.<br />
trainée .{F} * see tail .{E}.<br />
trainées de lumière .{F} * see burn-in .{E}.<br />
trait d'aiguille .{F} * see negative image; needle run (NR)<br />
.{E}.<br />
traitement à l'ammoniaque .{F} * see ammonia process<br />
.{E}.<br />
traitement au<strong>to</strong>matique des données .{F} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />
data processing(adp) .{E}.<br />
traitement d'archive .{F} * see archival processing .{E}.<br />
traitement d'image .{F} * see image processing .{E}.<br />
traitement de surface .{F} * see surface treatment .{E}.<br />
trama .{Es} * see raster .{E}.<br />
trama cruzada .{Es} * see cross hatch .{E}.<br />
trama de medio <strong>to</strong>no .{Es} * see half<strong>to</strong>ne screen .{E}.<br />
tramage au<strong>to</strong>matique .{F} * see au<strong>to</strong> framing .{E}.<br />
tramage couleur .{F} * see colour framing .{E}.<br />
trame .{F} * see field; frame; zone .{E}.<br />
trame couleur .{F} * see colour frame pulse .{E}.<br />
trame titre .{F} * see title frames .{E}.<br />
trampa iónica (de iones) .{Es} * see ion trap .{E}.<br />
Transcoder .{D} * see standards converter .{E}.<br />
transcodeur .{F} * see standards converter .{E}.<br />
transcripción .{Es} * see transcript .{E}.<br />
transcripción eléctrica .{Es} * see electrical transcriptio<br />
transcription disc .{E} * A grooved disc recording, usually<br />
slow speed lateral or vertical cut type, specially made for
oadcasting. It is <strong>of</strong>ten 16-inches in diameter, but may be<br />
7, 10, or 12-nches in diameter, also; may be ei<strong>the</strong>r a<br />
direct, instantaneous recording (most <strong>of</strong>ten called an air<br />
check) or a vinyl pressing.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= disco especial<br />
para radiodifusión; F= disque de transcription;<br />
enregistrement de transcription}.<br />
transcription électrique .{F} * see electrical transcription<br />
(ET) .{E}.<br />
transcription électronique .{F} * see electrical transcription<br />
(ET) .{F} .{E}.<br />
transfer .{E} * 1) To convey or transmit from one medium<br />
<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r (e.g. an image from a nitrate based film <strong>to</strong> a<br />
safety based film or video tape; an audio signal from a wax<br />
cylinder <strong>to</strong> a magnetic tape). 2) The resulting artifact from<br />
such action. 3) The act involved in a change <strong>of</strong> physical<br />
cus<strong>to</strong>dy <strong>of</strong> materials. 4) Documents so transmitted; see<br />
also bleed through; coating transfer; preservation transfer;<br />
rerecording.(22.) .{D= 1 - 2) Übertragung; Kopie;<br />
Umschnitt; 2) Archivierung; 3) Abgabe; Ablieferung;<br />
Übergabe; Übernahme; 4) Ablieferung; Abgabe; Es= 1, 2,<br />
3) transferencia; 4) fondos transferidos; F= transfert;<br />
repiquage; kinescope; 1) archiver; 2) archivage; 3&4)<br />
versement}.<br />
transfer characteristics .{E} * see modulation transfer<br />
curve.<br />
transferencia .{Es} * see transfer .{E}.<br />
transferencia de fo<strong>to</strong>grafías a vídeo .{Es} * see belop .{E}.<br />
transferencia de sonido .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
transferencia en medio líquido .{Es} * see liquid gate<br />
transfer .{E}.<br />
transfert .{F} * see transfer .{E}.<br />
transfert (spire à spire) de la couche magnétique .{F} * see<br />
coating transfer .{E}.<br />
transfert de film sur bande video .{F}. télécinéma;<br />
kinescope see film-<strong>to</strong>-tape transfer .{E}.<br />
transfert en milieu liquide .{F} * see liquid gate transfer<br />
.{E}.<br />
transfert spire à spire .{F} * see interlayer transfer .{E}.<br />
Transfoka<strong>to</strong>r (Gummilinse) .{D} * see objective lens .{E}.<br />
transformación de la imagen .{Es} * see image transform<br />
.{E}.<br />
transformateur .{F} * see inverter .{E}.<br />
transient dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E} * Signal dis<strong>to</strong>rtion which occurs<br />
when an electronic component fails <strong>to</strong> accurately<br />
reproduce transient sounds.(04.) .{D=<br />
Transientenverzerrung; Es= dis<strong>to</strong>rsión transi<strong>to</strong>ria; F=<br />
dis<strong>to</strong>rtion transi<strong>to</strong>ire; parasite; clic}.<br />
transient sounds .{E} * A signal <strong>of</strong> very short duration, such<br />
as those created by cymbal crashes, percussive effects,<br />
etc.(04.) .{D= Transiente; Es= ruidos transi<strong>to</strong>rios; F=<br />
transi<strong>to</strong>ires; sons trans<strong>to</strong>ires}.<br />
Transiente .{D} * see transient sounds .{E}.<br />
Transientenverzerrung .{D} * see transient dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E}.<br />
transition .{F} * see edge .{E}.<br />
transmisión por trayec<strong>to</strong>ria múltiple .{Es} * see multipath<br />
.{E}.<br />
226<br />
transmisión vía satélite .{Es} * see uplink .{E}.<br />
transmission density .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lightcontrolling<br />
power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silver or dye deposit in a film<br />
emulsion. In colour films <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cyan dye<br />
represents its controlling power <strong>to</strong> red light, that <strong>of</strong><br />
magenta dye <strong>to</strong> green light, and that <strong>of</strong> yellow dye <strong>to</strong> blue<br />
light. It may be ma<strong>the</strong>matically defined as <strong>the</strong> common<br />
logarithm (log base 10) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light incident on<br />
processed film (p0) <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> light transmitted by <strong>the</strong> film (pt).<br />
The measure value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> density depends on <strong>the</strong> spectral<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exposing light, <strong>the</strong> spectral absorption <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> film image, and <strong>the</strong> spectral sensitivity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recep<strong>to</strong>r.<br />
Transmission density is measured in two ways: <strong>to</strong>tally<br />
diffuse density and specular density; see also visual<br />
density; printing density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de<br />
transmisión; F= densité de transmission}.<br />
transmitted light .{E} * Light which has travelled through a<br />
material.42. .{D= ?; Es= luz transmitida; F= lumirtransmisor;<br />
lumière transmettre}.<br />
transponder .{E} * A transmission process in which a<br />
satellite uplink is received and retransmitted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> receive<br />
point by means <strong>of</strong> a downlink. The electronic components<br />
which combine <strong>the</strong> processes <strong>of</strong> receive and transmit is<br />
termed a transponder. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= transpondeur}.<br />
transpondeur .{F} * see transponder .{E}.<br />
transporte de la cinta .{Es} * see tape transport .{E}.<br />
transverse filter .{E} * A kind <strong>of</strong> numerical filter used in<br />
digital filtering in CD players <strong>to</strong> perform low-pass filtering<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> output signals; used in an over sampling -based<br />
architecture.39. .{D= ?; Es= filtro transversal; F= filtre<br />
traverse}.<br />
tratamien<strong>to</strong> superficial .{Es} * see surface treatment .{E}.<br />
travée .{F} * see bay .{E}.<br />
travée en épi simple face .{F} * see row .{E}.<br />
travel image .{E} * see afterimage.<br />
travelling .{Es;F} * see dolly shot .{E}.<br />
travelling .{F} * see dolly; tracking shot .{E}.<br />
travelling "dolly" .{F}. see dolly .{E}.<br />
travelling matte .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A matte film which travels<br />
through a printer with <strong>the</strong> printing film <strong>to</strong> create a certain<br />
effect. 2) A technique for combining two or more separate<br />
images, moving in relation <strong>to</strong> one o<strong>the</strong>r, on a finished<br />
motion picture film so that each image occupies a portion<br />
<strong>of</strong> each frame without overlapping <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r image.<br />
Commonly used <strong>to</strong> combine live action and animation.(09.)<br />
.{D= Englisches Trickfilm-Verfahren; Es= procdeimien<strong>to</strong> de<br />
efec<strong>to</strong> especial por caché y contracaché; F= procédé<br />
d'effect spécial par chache et contrecache}.<br />
traversing mandrel .{E} * Known only on Edison cylinder<br />
machines, a mandrel which moved under laterally a<br />
stationary reproducer and its stylus instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> normal,<br />
which had <strong>the</strong> reproducer moving, via a feed screw, over<br />
<strong>the</strong> mandrel carried cylinder. .{D= ?; Es= mandril<br />
transversal; F= mandrin à mouvement transversal}.<br />
traza .{Es} * see trace .{E}.<br />
treatment .{E} * In moving-image productions, a general<br />
description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> production somewhere between an<br />
outline and a full screenplay.30. .{D= Synopsis; Es=<br />
adaptación; sinópsis; F= synopsis; scénario; adaptatio}.<br />
treatment .{F} * see syntagma .{E}.
treble boost .{E} * An accentuation <strong>of</strong> higher audio<br />
frequencies, normally produced by an equalizer or <strong>to</strong>ne<br />
control, a questionable practice in archival sound<br />
recordings.(04.) .{D= Höhenanhebung; Es= refuerzo de los<br />
(sonidos) agudos; F= renforcement des sons aigu}.<br />
Treffrequente Gleichlaufschwankung .{D} * see wow .{E}.<br />
trémolo .{Es} * see flutter .{E}.<br />
Trennspur .{D} * see guard band .{E}.<br />
trepidación .{Es} * see chatter .{E}.<br />
très longue durée .{F} * see super long play (SLP) .{E}.<br />
Tresorraum .{D} * see vault .{E}.<br />
tría .{Es} * see disposal .{E}.<br />
triacetate .{E}<br />
triaceta<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see triacetate .{E}.<br />
triaceta<strong>to</strong> de celulosa .{Es} * see cellulose triacetate (1)<br />
.{E}.<br />
triage .{E;F} * The process <strong>of</strong> sorting materials, especially<br />
during or after a disaster, <strong>to</strong> determine priority or<br />
appropriate treatment; also <strong>the</strong> determination <strong>of</strong> priorities<br />
for action in an emergency.07. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de<br />
asignación de prioridades}.<br />
triaje óptico * see optical printing .{E}.<br />
trial print .{E} * see answer print.<br />
triax .{E} * abbreviation for coaxial cable.??<br />
Triazetat .{D} * see triacetate .{E}.<br />
Trichter .{D} * see horn .{E}.<br />
Trihydroxybenzene .{E} * see pyrigallic acid 1:2:3.<br />
trim setting .{E} * The manual control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light values in<br />
additive printing; see also tape setting.09. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
control manual de luz (artificial); F= réglage couleurs<br />
système additif (vid)}.<br />
trim-in .{E} * The procedure for modifying <strong>the</strong> time code<br />
which defines <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> a scene in a computer<br />
controlled audio or video editing system. This requires <strong>the</strong><br />
edi<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> enter a number <strong>of</strong> frames, ei<strong>the</strong>r positive or<br />
negative, representing <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> modification <strong>to</strong> start<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene. .{D= ?; Es= inserción del pun<strong>to</strong> de entrada<br />
(vídeo); F= insertion du point d'entrée (montage vidéo)}.<br />
trim-out .{E} * The procedure for modifying <strong>the</strong> time code<br />
defining <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> a scene in a computer controlled audio<br />
or video editing system. Trim-out requires <strong>the</strong> edi<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> type<br />
in a number <strong>of</strong> frames, ei<strong>the</strong>r positive or negative,<br />
representing <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> modification <strong>to</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
scene. .{D= ?; Es= inserción del pun<strong>to</strong> de salida (vídeo);<br />
F= insertion du point de sortie (montage vidéo)}.<br />
trims .{E} * Unused remnants cut from shots in a motionpicture<br />
film. Trims may be carefully classified and put away<br />
since, in <strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> working from a rough cut <strong>to</strong>wards<br />
a fine cut, <strong>the</strong>y may be needed for incorporation in <strong>the</strong><br />
finished film.(12.) .{D= Schnittreste; Es= descartes<br />
(montaje de película); F= chutes de montage; chutes}.<br />
triple duración .{Es} * see triple play .{E}.<br />
triple durée .{F} * see triple play .{E}.<br />
triple play .{E} * An extra long-play magnetic tape for<br />
227<br />
maximum recording time. In general, such tape is thinner<br />
and, thus, less acceptable for archival use. .{D=<br />
Dreifachspiel; Es= triple duración; F= triple durée; tripler<br />
longeur}.<br />
Trockenschrank .{D} * see drying cabinet .{E}.<br />
Trockensilber-verfahren .{D} * see dry silver process .{E}.<br />
Trocknen von Luft .{D} * see dehumidify .{E}.<br />
trompa .{Es} * see horn .{E}.<br />
trompa acústica de fonógrafo .{Es} * see enclosed horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
trompa acústica de gramófono .{Es} * see enclosed horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
trompa de fonógrafo .{Es} * see horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
trompa de gramófono .{Es} * see horn<br />
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.<br />
trompa de registro [grabación] .{Es} * see recording horn<br />
.{E}.<br />
trompa [bocina] de registro [grabación] .{Es} * see<br />
recording horn .{E}.<br />
tronquer .{F} * see truncate .{E}.<br />
trope .{E;F} * Any artistic device, such as a figure <strong>of</strong><br />
speech or a symbol. A moving-image production, being a<br />
comprehensive art, can avail itself <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tropes <strong>of</strong> music,<br />
paint-ing, literature, drama, architecture, and o<strong>the</strong>r arts. In<br />
addition it has tropes <strong>of</strong> its own which it does not share<br />
with o<strong>the</strong>r arts: <strong>the</strong> zip pan, for example, or rack<br />
focusing.30. .{D= ?; Es= tropo}.<br />
tropo .{Es} * see trope .{E;F}.<br />
troquel .{Es} * see punch .{E}.<br />
trou d'aiguille .{F} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.<br />
trouble .{F} * see blur .{E}.<br />
trozo de cinta .{Es} * see lap splice .{E}.<br />
trozo de cinta empalmado .{Es} * see lap splice .{E}.<br />
trucages .{F} * see effects .{E}.<br />
trucages .{F} * see effects; optical effects .{E}.<br />
truco .{Es} * see optical printer .{E}.<br />
Truco .{D} * see optical printer .{E}.<br />
trucos .{Es} * see mat (matte) .{E}.<br />
truncada .{Es} * see truncated stylus .{E}.<br />
truncado .{Es} * see truncate .{E}.<br />
truncar .{Es} * see truncate .{E}.<br />
truncate .{E} * In digital recording, <strong>to</strong> eliminate without<br />
round-ff some low-order bits after performing an arithmetic<br />
computation.39. .{D= abkappen; kappen; Es= truncado;<br />
truncar; cortar; F= tronquer}.<br />
truncated stylus .{E} * Specially formed conical or elliptical<br />
stylus for audio disc reproduction. .{D= gekoppter<br />
Abtastnadel; Es= punta cortada [truncada]; F= pointe<br />
tronquée}.
truquiste .{F} * see switcher .{E}.<br />
tubby .{E} * see boomy.<br />
tube .{E} * see vacuum tube.<br />
tube à pho<strong>to</strong>conduction .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>conductive s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
tube .{E}.<br />
tube à rayons cathodiques (TRC) .{F} * see CRT .{E}.<br />
tube à vide .{F} * see vacuum tube .{E}.<br />
tube analyseur .{F} * see camera tube .{E}.<br />
tube cathodique .{F} * see cathode-ray tube (CRT) .{E}.<br />
tube d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording tube .{E}.<br />
tube de caméra .{F} * see camera tube; pickup tube .{E}.<br />
tube de prise de vue .{F} * see pickup tube .{E}.<br />
tube écran .{F} * see picture tube .{E}.<br />
tube image .{F} * see picture tube .{E}.<br />
tube orthicon .{F} * see image orthicon tube .{E}.<br />
tube pho<strong>to</strong>émetteur .{F} * see pho<strong>to</strong>emissive s<strong>to</strong>rage tube<br />
.{E}.<br />
tube trameur d'image .{F} * see image dissec<strong>to</strong>r tube .{E}.<br />
tube viticon .{F} * see vidicon .{E}.<br />
tubes d'écoute .{F} * see hearing tubes .{E}.<br />
tubo analizador (de televisión) .{Es} * see pickup tube;<br />
camera tube .{E}.<br />
tubo de almacenamien<strong>to</strong> fo<strong>to</strong>emisor .{Es} * see<br />
pho<strong>to</strong>emissive s<strong>to</strong>rage tube .{E}.<br />
tubo de grabación .{Es} * see recording tube .{E}.<br />
tubo de imagen .{Es} * see picture tube .{E}.<br />
tubo de rayos catódicos .{Es} * see cathode-ray tube<br />
(CRT) .{E}.<br />
tubo de registro .{Es} * see recording tube .{E}.<br />
tubo de vacío .{Es} * see vacuum tube .{E}.<br />
tubo disec<strong>to</strong>r de imagen .{Es} * see image dissec<strong>to</strong>r tube<br />
.{E}.<br />
tubo Superorticón .{Es} * see image orthicon tube .{E}.<br />
tubo <strong>to</strong>mavistas .{Es} * see camera tube .{E}.<br />
tubo <strong>to</strong>mavistas (de cámara) .{Es} * see pickup tube .{E}.<br />
Tubo de Rayos Catódicos .{Es} * see CRT .{E}.<br />
tubos de escucha .{Es} * see hearing tubes .{E}.<br />
tuerca de avance .{Es} * see feed nut .{E}.<br />
tuilage .{F} * see fluting .{E}.<br />
Tüll .{D} * see diffuser .{E}.<br />
tungsten light .{E} * Light produced by an electrically<br />
heated filament having a continuous spectral<br />
distribution.09. .{D= ?; Es= luz de tungsteno; F= lumière<br />
au tungstène; lumière tungstèere}.<br />
228<br />
turbio .{Es} * see muddy .{E}.<br />
turntable .{E} * The equipment which turns a disc recording<br />
at <strong>the</strong> proper speed for playback, includes a mo<strong>to</strong>r or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
power source, a drive system (belt or direct drive), and<br />
platter for holding <strong>the</strong> disc.(04.) .{D= Plattenspieler; Es=<br />
<strong>to</strong>cadiscos; giradiscos; F= platine <strong>to</strong>urne-disque}.<br />
tv mask .{E} * A cover used in <strong>the</strong> viewfinder <strong>of</strong> a camera<br />
<strong>to</strong> block <strong>of</strong>f those areas which will not be reproduced on a<br />
tv screen so that no important action will be included in<br />
<strong>the</strong>m.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= máscara de [para] televisión; F=<br />
masque; masque (tv)}.<br />
TV .{E} * abbreviation for television.<br />
TVHD .{F} * see HDTV .{E}.<br />
tweeter .{E;F} * A loudspeaker designed <strong>to</strong> reproduce only<br />
<strong>the</strong> treble or high frequencies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audible spectrum.16.<br />
.{D= Höhenlautsprecher; Es= altavoz de agudos}.<br />
two shot .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic shot <strong>of</strong> two people.<br />
Likewise, three-shot.(30.) .{D= Halbnah; Es= plano<br />
americano; F= plan américain; plan moyen; plan de deux<br />
personnages}.<br />
two track .{E} * Designation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> recorded<br />
channels on a magnetic tape recording which use two<br />
channels <strong>of</strong> sound on <strong>the</strong> tape, with both channels going<br />
in <strong>the</strong> same direction. The resulting tape recording is<br />
generally stereophonic, although monophonic signals may,<br />
also, be so recorded; see also half-track. .{D= Zweispur;<br />
Halbspur; Es= dos pistas; F= deux pistes; bi piste}.<br />
two track recording .{E} * The arrangement in which only<br />
two channels <strong>of</strong> sound may be recorded, ei<strong>the</strong>r as a stereo<br />
pair in one direction or as separate monophonic tracks<br />
(usually in opposite directions).16. .{D=<br />
Halbspuraufnahme; Es= grabación en [de, por] dos pistas;<br />
F= enregistrement deux pistes; bi-piste}.<br />
two-axis actua<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * Mechanical device holding <strong>the</strong><br />
objective lens <strong>of</strong> an optical pickup, able <strong>to</strong> move <strong>the</strong> lens<br />
horizontally and vertically for tracking and focus-ing.39.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= accionador [servomo<strong>to</strong>r] de doble eje; F=<br />
actuateur deux axes (pho<strong>to</strong>)}.<br />
two-minute cylinder .{E} * Those audio cylinder recordings<br />
which have 100 t.p.i. and a playing duration <strong>of</strong> about two<br />
minutes.(14.) .{D= Zweiminutenzylinder; Es= cilindro de<br />
dos minu<strong>to</strong>s (de duración); F= cylindre deux minutes}.<br />
type a .{F} * see a-wind picture .{E}.<br />
type A reel .{E} * A metal or plastic audio tape reel with a<br />
three-inch center hole that has a diameter <strong>of</strong> 10.5inches.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= bobina tipo A; F= bobine type A}.<br />
type b .{F} * see b-wind picture .{E}.<br />
type B reel .{E} * A plastic 5/16-inch center hole audio tape<br />
reel that has a diameter <strong>of</strong> 3, 5, 7, or 10.5-inches.(10.) .{D=<br />
?; Es= bobina tipo B; F= bobine type B}.<br />
type C recorder .{E} * A helical videotape format using one<br />
inch magnetic tape that wraps around a rotating upper<br />
drum which is mounted on a stationary lower drum. The<br />
upper drum makes a complete revolution each TV field<br />
and each videotape track records a complete TV field. .{D=<br />
?; Es= grabadora [registradora] tipo C; F= enregistreur<br />
type C}.<br />
type M .{E;F} * The halfinch VHS videotape format.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= tipo M}.<br />
u ---
u channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present allocated <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal U; F= canal u}.<br />
U-matic .{D;E;Es;F} * The Sony trade name for a semipr<strong>of</strong>essional,<br />
#-inch, composite video tape format in a<br />
cassette; also refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong> PCM-coded digital<br />
audio signals, used in some areas in <strong>the</strong> mastering <strong>of</strong><br />
CDs.(06.)<br />
U-matic H .{D;E;Es;F} * The Sony trade name for a<br />
broadcast quality, semi-pr<strong>of</strong>essional, non-segmented field<br />
#-inch, composite videotape format in a cassette recording<br />
system in which each television field is recorded on<strong>to</strong> a<br />
single track.(06.)<br />
U-matic SP .{D;E;Es;F} * A videotape cassette format<br />
compatible with U-matic, but with improved video using a<br />
special oxide tape.(10.)<br />
Überbelichtung .{D} * see over-exposure .{E}.<br />
Überblendung .{D} * see dissolve .{E}; mix .{E}.<br />
Übergabe .{D} * see transfer .{E}.<br />
Übernahme .{D} * see transfer .{E}.<br />
Übersetzer .{D} * see compiler .{E}.<br />
Überspielung .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
Überspielung Film auf Magnetband .{D} * see film-<strong>to</strong>-tape<br />
transfer .{E}.<br />
Übersprechen .{D} * see crosstalk .{E}.<br />
Übersteuerung .{D} * see overmodulation .{E}.<br />
Übertragung .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.<br />
Übertragung .{D} * see transfer .{E}. UL .{E} * acronym for<br />
Underwriters Labora<strong>to</strong>ries.<br />
ultaviolette Strahlung .{D} * see ultraviolet radiation .{E}.<br />
ultimate tensile strength .{E} * The force per unit crosssectional<br />
area required <strong>to</strong> break a tape or length <strong>of</strong> base<br />
film. Usually given in pounds per square inch.46. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= prueba de resistencia a la rotura; F= charge de<br />
rupture à la traction}.<br />
ultra violet .{F} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.<br />
ultra-grand angulaire .{F} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.<br />
ultra-micr<strong>of</strong>iche .{E} * see ultrafiche.<br />
Ultra-Panavision .{D;E;Es;F} * see Panavision.<br />
ultraficha .{Es} * see ultrafiche .{E;F}.<br />
ultrafiche .{E;F} * Micr<strong>of</strong>iche containing images with a<br />
reduction ratio <strong>of</strong> 90x or more; see also micr<strong>of</strong>iche.(01.22.)<br />
.{D= Ultrafiche; Es= ultraficha}.<br />
Ultrafiche .{D} * see ultrafiche .{E;F}.<br />
Ultraschall .{D} * see ultrasonic .{E}.<br />
Ultraschallreinigung .{D} * see ultrasonic cleaning .{E}.<br />
ultrasonic .{E} * Sound frequencies <strong>to</strong>o high <strong>to</strong> be audible<br />
<strong>to</strong> humans (generally, beyond 20 kHz). .{D= Ultraschall;<br />
Es= ultrasónico; F= ultrasonique}.<br />
ultrasonic cleaning .{E} * A method <strong>of</strong> cleaning materials in<br />
a system consisting <strong>of</strong> a tank, a cleaning solution, and an<br />
229<br />
oscilla<strong>to</strong>r operating in <strong>the</strong> ultrasonic wave frequencies.(04.)<br />
.{D= Ultraschallreinigung; Es= limpieza ultrasónica; F=<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage aux ultra-sons}.<br />
ultrasónico .{Es} * see ultrasonic .{E}.<br />
ultraviolet (UV) .{E} * Electromagnetic radiation at<br />
frequencies higher than visible light yet lower than those <strong>of</strong><br />
x-rays.39. .{D= Ultraviolet; Es= ultravioleta (UV); F= ultra<br />
violet}.<br />
ultraviolet light (UV) .{E} * Light waves beyond <strong>the</strong> violet<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visible spectrum, shorter than those <strong>of</strong> visible<br />
violet light and longer than those <strong>of</strong> x-rays.01. .{D=<br />
ultraviolettes Licht; Es= luz ultravioleta (UV); F= lumière<br />
ultra violet}.<br />
ultraviolet radiation .{E} * Radiation at <strong>the</strong> very short<br />
wavelength end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spectrum, not visible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye. It<br />
produces fluorescence in some materials. The effects are<br />
more easily registered on film than visually. Some<br />
unwanted ultra-violet radiation can be controlled by filters;<br />
see also UV.09. .{D= ultaviolette Strahlung; Es= radiación<br />
ultravioleta (UV); F= radiation ultra violet}.<br />
Ultraviolet .{D} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.<br />
ultravioleta (UV) .{Es} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.<br />
ultraviolettes Licht .{D} * see ultraviolet light (UV) .{E}.<br />
umbrella .{E} * In video production, an reflec<strong>to</strong>r is used <strong>to</strong><br />
produce s<strong>of</strong>t fill lighting by bouncing and diffusing <strong>the</strong> light<br />
source on<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject. <strong>the</strong> device used physically<br />
resembles a rain umbrella. .{D= ?; Es= paraguas<br />
(iluminación); F= réflecteur parapluie}.<br />
umbrella series .{E} * A broad title identification for a group<br />
<strong>of</strong> separate television series which have been linked<br />
<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, primarily for publicity purposes.12. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
identificación de series de televisión; F= titre de série ?<br />
(vid)}.<br />
Umdrehungen pro Minute .{D} * see revolutions per minute<br />
(RPM) .{E}.<br />
Umgebungslärm .{D} * see ambient noise .{E}.<br />
Umkehrfilm .{D} * see reversal film .{E}.<br />
Umlaufblende .{D} * see shutter .{E}.<br />
Umschlag .{D} * see cover .{E}.<br />
Umschlingung .{D} * see wrap; wraparound .{E}.<br />
Umschlingungswinkel .{D} * see warping angle .{E}.<br />
Umschnitt .{D} * see transfer .{E}.<br />
under-exposure .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic condition in which<br />
<strong>to</strong>o little light reaches <strong>the</strong> film, producing a thin negative or<br />
a dark reversal or print.(09.) .{D= Unterbelichting; Es=<br />
subexposición; F= sous-exposition}.<br />
undercranked .{E} * see fast motion.<br />
underground films .{E} * A moving-image production made<br />
on a small budget; non--commercial cinema which usually<br />
purports <strong>to</strong> be more 'artistic' or 'relevant' than commercial<br />
cinema.30. .{D= Untergrundfilme; Es= películas<br />
underground; películas no convencionales; F= films d'art<br />
et d'essais}.<br />
underscan .{E} * Normally a video moni<strong>to</strong>r will cut <strong>of</strong>f<br />
approximately 10 % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture and is referred <strong>to</strong> as<br />
overscan. In underscan, <strong>the</strong> picture is reduced so that <strong>the</strong><br />
entire video area is displayed on <strong>the</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r. .{D= ?; Es=
subarrido; subdesviación (del haz explorador); F=<br />
réduction de balayage sur un écran vidéo}.<br />
unedited materials .{E} * Audio and moving-image<br />
materials which have not been subjected <strong>to</strong> any systematic<br />
selection, arranging, or cutting procedures.(12.) .{D=<br />
unveröffentlichte Materialien; Es= materiales inédi<strong>to</strong>s; F=<br />
documents inédits (son & vid); matériels inedités}.<br />
Ungeziefer .{D} * see vermin .{E}.<br />
unidad central central de procesado .{Es} * see central<br />
processing unit .{E}.<br />
unidad de da<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see field (6) .{E}.<br />
unidad de fichero .{Es} * see file section .{E}.<br />
unidad de flujo luminoso .{Es} * see lumen (LM) .{D;E}.<br />
unidad de grabaciones .{Es} * see record series .{E}.<br />
unidad de registros .{Es} * see record series .{E}.<br />
uniform title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, <strong>the</strong> particular<br />
title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles<br />
is <strong>to</strong> be identified for cataloguing purposes; see also<br />
original release title.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título uniforme; F=<br />
titre uniforme}.<br />
uniforme linéaire .{F} * see flat response .{E}.<br />
uniformidad .{Es} * see uniformity .{E}.<br />
uniformité .{F} * see uniformity .{E}.<br />
uniformity .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>to</strong><br />
which <strong>the</strong> output remains free from variations in amplitude.<br />
Uniformity is usually specified in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> positive and<br />
negative deviations from <strong>the</strong> average output within a roll <strong>of</strong><br />
tape.46. .{D= Abweichung; Es= uniformidad; constancia;<br />
F= uniformité}.<br />
unión de dos cortes de sonido .{Es} * see bridge (2) .{E}.<br />
unión de pixel .{Es} * see pixel pairing .{E}.<br />
unité centrale .{F} * see central processing unit .{E}.<br />
unité d'enregistrement .{F} * see entry .{E}.<br />
unité d'enregistrements .{F} * see record series .{E}.<br />
unité de programme enregistrable .{F} * see file section<br />
.{E}.<br />
unité lecteur/enregistreur de disque dur .{F} * see disc<br />
drive .{E}.<br />
unmodulated groove .{E} * see blank groove.<br />
unobstructed access .{E} * Access is termed <strong>to</strong> be<br />
unobstructed in optical digital data discs when <strong>the</strong><br />
recording zone may be accessed by <strong>the</strong> read/write optical<br />
head scanning in from outside <strong>the</strong> outer disc edge without<br />
raising or lowering <strong>the</strong> optical lens assembly, with <strong>the</strong> disc<br />
mounted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> spindle.46. .{D= ?; Es= acceso libre; F=<br />
accès libre; accès inobstrué}.<br />
unripe disc .{E} * see green disc.<br />
unscharf .{D} * see blur .{E}.<br />
Unschärfe .{D} * see blur .{E}.<br />
unsteady .{E} * A defect term for moving-image<br />
productions signifying that <strong>the</strong> image moves when it should<br />
remain steady. .{D= ?; Es= inestable; F= instable; peu<br />
230<br />
stable}.<br />
Unterbelichting .{D} * see under-exposure .{E}.<br />
Untergrundfilme .{D} * see underground films .{E}.<br />
Unterrichtsfilm .{D} * see educational film/video .{E}.<br />
Unterrichtsvideo .{D} * see educational film/video .{E}.<br />
Unverletzlichkeit (eines provenienzmässigen<br />
Archivbestands) .{D} * see archival integrity .{E}.<br />
unveröffentlichte Materialien .{D} * see unedited materials<br />
.{E}.<br />
up cut .{E} * 1) A procedure that creates over-records.<br />
Typically when <strong>the</strong> previous scene is laid longer than<br />
desired. The next scene is cued <strong>to</strong> begin before <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> first scene. 2) An editing error which allows <strong>the</strong> second<br />
scene or sound <strong>to</strong> begin before <strong>the</strong> previous one is<br />
completed. .{D= ?; Es= error de montaje; F= 1) ? 2) erreur<br />
de montage}.<br />
UPC .{E} * acronym for Universal Product Code.<br />
uplink .{E} * A technical facility for <strong>the</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> a<br />
signal <strong>to</strong> a satellite. 2) The process <strong>of</strong> transmitting a signal<br />
<strong>to</strong> a satellite. .{D= ?; Es= conexión [transmisión] vía<br />
satélite; F= liaison montante; liaison terre / satellite}.<br />
UpM .{D} * see revolutions per minute (RPM;R.P.M.) .{E}.<br />
upright .{E} * The shelving segment which frames <strong>the</strong> width<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay and supports <strong>the</strong> shelves within <strong>the</strong> bay.22. .{D=<br />
Trägerelement einer Regalanlage; Es= montante;<br />
larguero; F= montant}.<br />
Urheberrecht .{D} * see copyright .{E;F}.<br />
Urschrift .{D} * see original .{E;Es;F}.<br />
Ursprungsland .{D} * see c-use .{E}.<br />
usage grâcieux .{F}. usage non commercial .{F}. see fairuse<br />
.{E}.<br />
usage non commercial .{F} * see fair-use .{E}.<br />
usario .{Es} * see reader (1) .{E}; user .{E}.<br />
USASI .{E} * acronym for United States <strong>of</strong> America<br />
Standards Institute.<br />
user .{E} * A person who consults documents in an<br />
archive; also called a listener, reader, researcher,<br />
viewer.(22.) .{D= Benutzer; Benützer; Es= lec<strong>to</strong>r;<br />
investigador; usario.; F= chercheur; utilisateur; lecteur}.<br />
user bits .{E} * Unassigned portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time code signal<br />
used by <strong>the</strong> user <strong>to</strong> indicate various things such as reel<br />
numbers, shot or take I.D., location, date or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
personnel data. .{D= ?; Es= bites de [para] usuario; F= bits<br />
utilisateu}.<br />
user friendly .{E} * Computer equipment, hardware, and<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware that is easy <strong>to</strong> learn and operate. Primarily used<br />
<strong>to</strong> indicate computer hardware and s<strong>of</strong>tware.(10.) .{D=<br />
benützerfreundlich; Es= máquina amiga; máquina de fácil<br />
manejo; F= appareil de mesure des ultraviolets}.<br />
UV filter .{E} * A material used <strong>to</strong> filter <strong>the</strong> ultraviolet rays<br />
out <strong>of</strong> visible light. Ultraviolet radiation is potentially<br />
damaging <strong>to</strong> library, archival, and museum objects. More<br />
is present in sunlight and fluorescent light than in<br />
incandescent light. Removing UV radiation from s<strong>to</strong>rage,<br />
use, and exhibition spaces can reduce <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong><br />
deterioration <strong>of</strong> library materials s<strong>to</strong>red <strong>the</strong>re. Usually a UV
filtering material is placed over windows or fluorescent light<br />
tubes or built in<strong>to</strong> glass used in framing or exhibition<br />
cases. Certain acrylic sheet materials have UV filtering<br />
properties built in.17. Filtration is necessary when <strong>the</strong><br />
proportion <strong>of</strong> UV in <strong>the</strong> light is more that 75 #w/lm. The<br />
simplest way <strong>to</strong> reduce UV radiation from fluorescent<br />
lamps is <strong>to</strong> install filtering sleeves, tubes or shields which<br />
incorporate various organic compounds with ultraviolet<br />
absorbing properties. Plexiglas UF-1 is practically<br />
colourless and does not interfere with colour rendering.<br />
Plexiglas uf-3 is somewhat yellow but also a better UV<br />
absorber; see also UV moni<strong>to</strong>r.17. .{D= UV-Filter; Es= filtro<br />
ultravioleta; F= filtre UV}.<br />
UV moni<strong>to</strong>r .{E} * A device which measures <strong>the</strong> proportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> ultraviolet radiation in <strong>the</strong> light as microwatts <strong>of</strong> UV<br />
radiation per lumen (<strong>of</strong> visible light). If a light source emits<br />
more than about 75 #w/lm it requires a UV filter or<br />
absorbing material; see also Crawford UV moni<strong>to</strong>r type<br />
760.(53.) .{D= ?; Es= moni<strong>to</strong>r ultravioleta; F=<br />
moni<strong>to</strong>rultraviolet}.<br />
UV-Filter .{D} * see UV filter .{E}.<br />
v ---<br />
v channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present allocated <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal v; F= canal v}.<br />
V/U .{E} * acronym for volume unit.<br />
V/U-meter .{E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> equipment which indicates<br />
audio frequency power levels in deciBels relative <strong>to</strong> a fixed<br />
reference level. The meter movement differs from those <strong>of</strong><br />
ordinary voltmeters in that it has a specified ballistic<br />
response adapted <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>ring speech and music. Used<br />
in many home and most pr<strong>of</strong>essional recorders <strong>to</strong> moni<strong>to</strong>r<br />
recording levels and maintain <strong>the</strong>m within dis<strong>to</strong>rtion<br />
limits.16. .{D= V/U-Meter; Es= medidor V/U; F= ?}.<br />
V/U-Meter .{D} * see V/U-meter .{E}.<br />
vacuum drying .{E} * The treatment <strong>of</strong> water soaked paper<br />
documents by placing <strong>the</strong>m at room temperature in a<br />
vacuum chamber, slowly evacuating <strong>the</strong> air until <strong>the</strong><br />
temperature reaches <strong>the</strong> freezing point and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
proceeding through a series <strong>of</strong> cycles, <strong>the</strong> number<br />
dependent on <strong>the</strong> wetness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> documents, in which <strong>the</strong><br />
chamber is alternately filled with hot, dry air and evacuated<br />
until <strong>the</strong> temperature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> documents is raised <strong>to</strong><br />
10°C/50°F; see also freeze drying.22. .{D=<br />
Vakuumtrocknung; Es= secado en cámera de vacio; F=<br />
séchage par le vide}.<br />
vacuum tube .{E} * A sealed shaft containing a rarefied air<br />
or gas and electrodes; used <strong>to</strong> control, detect, amplify,<br />
etc., <strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> electrons. Most operations performed by<br />
vacuum tubes are now carried out by transis<strong>to</strong>rs and/or<br />
integrated circuits; also called a tube or a valve. .{D=<br />
Elektronenröhre; Röhre; Vakuumröhre; Es= tubo de vacío;<br />
F= tube à vide; lampe à vide; tube vide}.<br />
valeur marchande .{F} * see fair market value .{E} .<br />
valor archivístico .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.<br />
valor como obje<strong>to</strong> .{Es} * see artifactual value .{E}.<br />
valor de cresta .{Es} * see peak .{E}.<br />
valor evidente .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.<br />
valor histórico .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.<br />
valor intrínseco .{Es} * see intrinsic value .{E}.<br />
valor jus<strong>to</strong> de mercado .{Es} * see fair market value .{E}.<br />
231<br />
valor jus<strong>to</strong> de venta .{Es} * see fair market value .{E}.<br />
valor jus<strong>to</strong> de venta [de mercado] .{ES} * see fair market<br />
value .{E}.<br />
valor legal .{Es} * see legal value .{E}.<br />
valor patente .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.<br />
valor permanente .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.<br />
valor pH .{Es} * see pH value .{E}.<br />
valor pH .{Es} * see pH value .{E}.<br />
valor proba<strong>to</strong>rio .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.<br />
valoración .{Es} * see titration .{E}.<br />
valve .{E} * see vacuum tube.<br />
válvula (de luz) .{Es} * see light valve .{E}.<br />
válvula cinéscopica .{Es} * see picture tube .{E}.<br />
vameur intrinsèque .{F} * see intrinsic value .{E}.<br />
Van der Waals' forces .{E} * Weak, nonspecific forces<br />
between molecules.41. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
variable-area soundtrack .{E} * Optical sound record on<br />
motion picture film in which <strong>the</strong> modulations are<br />
represented by <strong>the</strong> varying width <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image.(09.) .{D=<br />
Zackenschrift; Tonband im Zackenschrift-System; Es=<br />
banda sonora de área [zona] variable; F= piste sonore à<br />
densité fixe}.<br />
variable-density soundtrack .{E} * Optical sound record on<br />
motion picture film in which <strong>the</strong> modulations are shown in<br />
<strong>the</strong> gradations from dark <strong>to</strong> light.(09.) .{D= Sprossenschrift;<br />
Tonband im Sprossenschrift; Es= banda sonora de<br />
densidad fija; F= ?}.<br />
variable-density soundtrack .{E} ** =F= piste sonore à<br />
densité variable .{F}.<br />
variabler Rillenrorschub .{D} * see variable groove pitch<br />
.{E}.<br />
variación, cambio de fase .{Es} * see phase shift .{E}.<br />
variación con cambios mínimos .{Es} * see variation with<br />
minor changes .{E}.<br />
variant edition .{E} * A publication (i.e., a commercially<br />
issued sound recording or video tape) which differs in any<br />
way from o<strong>the</strong>r copies <strong>of</strong> that publication. For sound<br />
recordings it is similar <strong>to</strong> a repressing except that <strong>the</strong><br />
difference might even occur in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> a single<br />
pressing run.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= edición variante; F= édition<br />
variente}.<br />
variant title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, any variation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> title proper, including such as <strong>the</strong> parallel title,<br />
rerelease/reissue title, translation title, working title,<br />
etc.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título variante; F= titre variante}.<br />
variante avec peu de changements .{F} * see variation with<br />
m-image production with minor (i.e., non-significant)<br />
changes from <strong>the</strong> original issue. A variation with minor<br />
changes is distinguished from a version with major<br />
changes by <strong>the</strong> type and extent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alterations; see also<br />
edition.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= variación con cambios mínimos;<br />
F= variante avec peu de changements}.<br />
variations d'écartement tête-bande .{F} * see tape-<strong>to</strong>-head<br />
separation changes .{E}.
varilla guía .{Es} * see back rod (guide rod) .{E}.<br />
vástago .{Es} * see pin .{E}.<br />
Vater .{D} * see fa<strong>the</strong>r .{E}.<br />
vault .{E} * 1) For nitrate based film, a facility constructed<br />
and equipped in accordance with NFPA 40 .{section 4-3 or<br />
4-5}.(34.) 2) A maximum security s<strong>to</strong>rage area constructed<br />
<strong>of</strong> fire-resistant material and structurally independent from<br />
<strong>the</strong> building in which it is located.22. .{D= Depot; Gewölbe;<br />
Tresorraum; Es= almacén; cámera de seguridad; F=<br />
casemate; local de s<strong>to</strong>ckage de films à humidité et<br />
température contrôlées; dépôt; chambre forte}.<br />
VBV .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for video-black-video. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= ?; F= ?}.<br />
vecteur .{F} * see vec<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
vecteurscope .{F} * see vec<strong>to</strong>rscope .{E}.<br />
vec<strong>to</strong>r .{E;Es} * A ma<strong>the</strong>matical representation <strong>of</strong> a force<br />
in a particular direction. In television, it is used <strong>to</strong> measure<br />
colour information where <strong>the</strong> angle represents <strong>the</strong> he and<br />
<strong>the</strong> length represents <strong>the</strong> saturation. .{D= ?; F= vecteur}.<br />
vec<strong>to</strong>reoscopio .{Es} * see vec<strong>to</strong>rscope .{E}.<br />
vec<strong>to</strong>rscope .{E} * A specialized oscilloscope that is used<br />
<strong>to</strong> display <strong>the</strong> saturation and hue <strong>of</strong> a video signal. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= vec<strong>to</strong>reoscopio; F= vecteurscope; oscilloscope<br />
vec<strong>to</strong>riel}.<br />
velado .{Es} * see fogging .{E}.<br />
veladura (en películas) a causa de la luz .{Es} * see light<br />
piping .{E}.<br />
velo .{Es} * see fog .{E}.<br />
velocidad .{Es} * see speed .{E}.<br />
velocidad (de película) sonora .{Es} * see sound speed<br />
.{E}.<br />
velocidad angular constante .{Es} * see constant angular<br />
velocity (CAV) .{E}.<br />
velocidad BSI .{Es} * see BSI speeds .{E}.<br />
velocidad de (la) máquina .{Es} * see machine speed (1)<br />
.{E}.<br />
velocidad de (transferencia) de bits .{Es} * see bit rate .{E}.<br />
velocidad de avance de la cinta .{Es} * see tape speed<br />
.{E}.<br />
velocidad de cámara .{Es} * see camera speed .{E}.<br />
velocidad de la proyección .{Es} * see machine speed (2)<br />
.{E}.<br />
velocidad de película .{Es} * see film speed .{E}.<br />
Verblassen .{D} * see fade .{E}.<br />
Verfilmung für Benutzungszwecke .{D} * see reference<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>ilming .{E}.<br />
Verformung .{D} * see buckle .{E}.<br />
Vergrößerungsgrad .{D} * see magnification .{E}.<br />
Vergröszerung .{D} * see enlargement .{E}.<br />
verkleinert Kopieren .{D} * see reduction printing .{E}.<br />
232<br />
Verkleinerungsmaßstab .{D} * see reduction ratio .{E}.<br />
verre opalisé .{F} * see opal glass .{E}.<br />
verres polarisants .{F} * see polarized glasses .{E}.<br />
verrouillage .{F} * see interlock .{E}.<br />
verrouillage de trame .{F} * see framing .{E}.<br />
Versandbedingungen .{D} * see shipping environment .{E}.<br />
Verschlußsache .{D} * see closed file .{E}.<br />
Verschlußsache/n .{D} * see closed file .{E}.<br />
Verschwommenheit .{D} * see blur .{E}.<br />
Vershlusz .{D} * see shutter .{E}.<br />
version avec changements majeurs .{F} * see version with<br />
major changes .{E}.<br />
versión con grandes cambios .{Es} * see version with<br />
major changes .{E}.<br />
verstärken .{D} * see amplify .{E}.<br />
Verstärker .{D} * see amplifier .{E}.<br />
Vertaulichkeit .{D} * see concordance .{E}.<br />
vertical cut .{E} * A description <strong>of</strong> a type <strong>of</strong> an analogue<br />
audio signal in which <strong>the</strong> sound vibrations are cut or<br />
indented in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove <strong>of</strong> equal width (e.g.<br />
Edison's Diamond Disc, Pathé discs); also known as hilland-dale,<br />
because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ridges and valleys in <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groove, or phonograph-cut records; see also lateral<br />
cut. .{F= gravure verticale .{F}. gravure en pr<strong>of</strong>ondeur .{D=<br />
Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme; Edisonschrift-Aufnahme; Es=<br />
corte vertical; F}; ?; coupe vertical}.<br />
vertical cut recording .{E} * A sound recording in which <strong>the</strong><br />
audio signal is cut or indented in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
groove instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sides (lateral recording) causing <strong>the</strong><br />
stylus <strong>to</strong> move up and down within <strong>the</strong> groove; used in<br />
cylinders, in some early acoustic discs, and in some<br />
transcription disc recordings. Its advantage in early<br />
recording was that <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> cut dictated <strong>the</strong> volume <strong>of</strong><br />
sound, while in lateral recording heavy engraving could<br />
cause <strong>the</strong> stylus <strong>to</strong> break in<strong>to</strong> an adjoining groove.(04.)<br />
.{D= Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme; Es= grabación de corte<br />
vertical; F}; enregistrement vertical; enregistrement à<br />
gravure verticale}.<br />
vertical drive pulse .{E} * Moves <strong>the</strong> electron beam down<br />
<strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pick up tube one line at a time during field<br />
scanning. Also moves <strong>the</strong> beam back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
picture during vertical blanking. .{F= impulsions verticales<br />
(vid) .{D= ?; Es= impulso de desviación vertical; impulso<br />
de cronización de barrido vertical; F= impulsions verticales<br />
(vid)}.<br />
vertical filing .{E} * The s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>of</strong> documents in a upright<br />
position as distinguished from flat filing or horizontal<br />
filing.(22.) .{F= rangement vertical .{D= Vertikalablage; Es=<br />
instalación vertical; F}; rangement vertical}.<br />
vertical interval .{E} * That portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> video signal that<br />
includes <strong>the</strong> vertical blanking, <strong>the</strong> vertical sync pulses and<br />
<strong>the</strong> pre- and post-equalizing pulses. It is also <strong>the</strong> area<br />
where o<strong>the</strong>r information that is carried with <strong>the</strong> television<br />
signal, such as captioning, teletext and satellite<br />
instructions, are inserted. .{F= intervalle de trame .{D= ?;<br />
Es= intervalo vertical; F= intervalle de trame}.<br />
vertical interval time code (VTIC) .{E} * A SMPTE/ANSI<br />
time code developed <strong>to</strong> identify <strong>the</strong> individual frames <strong>of</strong>
video; has two formats, <strong>the</strong> longitudinal time code (LTC)<br />
and <strong>the</strong> vertical interval time code (VITC). .{D= ?; Es=<br />
código de tiempo de intervalo vertical; F= temps codé<br />
intervalle vertical; code temporel inséré danrant l'intervalle<br />
de suppression de trame (VITC); code horaire inscrit dans<br />
l'espace de suppression trame (VITC)}.<br />
vertical mode .{E} * see cine mode.<br />
vertical recording .{E} * see vertical cut recording.<br />
vertical resolution .{E} * The maximum number <strong>of</strong> horizo<br />
Verwahrung .{D} * see cus<strong>to</strong>dy; preservation .{E;F}.<br />
Verwerfung .{D} * see warp .{E}.<br />
Verzeichnung .{D} * see description .{E}.<br />
Verzeichnungseinheit .{D} * see item .{E}.<br />
Verzerrung .{D} * see dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E;F}.<br />
Verzerrungen im tiefen Frequenzbtereich .{D} * see low<br />
frequency dis<strong>to</strong>rtion .{E}.<br />
vesicular film .{E} * A duplicating film, usually signreversing,<br />
which uses heat alone <strong>to</strong> develop latent images<br />
after exposure <strong>to</strong> ultraviolet light. The light-sensitive<br />
component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film is suspended in a plastic layer. On<br />
exposure, <strong>the</strong> component creates optical vesicles<br />
(bubbles) in <strong>the</strong> layer. These imperfections form <strong>the</strong> latent<br />
image. The latent image becomes visible and permanent<br />
by heating <strong>the</strong> plastic layer and <strong>the</strong>n allowing it <strong>to</strong> cool. It<br />
is not generally considered <strong>to</strong> be <strong>of</strong> archival quality. At one<br />
time <strong>the</strong> film was referred <strong>to</strong> as Kalvar, after <strong>the</strong> company<br />
that originally produced it.01.(22.) .{D= Vesikularfilm; Es=<br />
película vesicular; F= film vesiculaire; vesiculaire}.<br />
Vesikularfilm .{D} * see vesicular film .{E}.<br />
vestigio .{Es} * see trace .{E}.<br />
VHS-C .{E;Es;F} * A mini-cassette about a third <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> standard VHS cassette. It was designed for use in VHS<br />
camcorders. The VHS-C cassettes can be used in a<br />
standard VHS play back machine with <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> an<br />
adapter. .{D= ?}.<br />
VHS-C (ver VHS) .{Es} * see VHS-C .{E}.<br />
vibración .{Es} * see chatter .{E}; flutter .{E}.<br />
vibración (de la imagen) .{Es} * see jitter .{D;E}.<br />
vice interne .{F} * see inherent vice .{E} .<br />
vicio inherente .{Es} * see inherent vice .{E}.<br />
vicio inherente [intrínseco] .{Es} * see inherent vice .{E} .<br />
vide .{F} * see blank .{E}.<br />
video .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) From <strong>the</strong> Latin videre, meaning <strong>to</strong><br />
see. 2) A synonym for television, but generally applied <strong>to</strong><br />
non-broadcast recordings. 3) A prefix used for numerous<br />
television components and circuits.(10.)<br />
video archives .{E} * 1) Archives which collect television<br />
recordings with related documents (i.e., pic<strong>to</strong>rial, textual,<br />
etc.). 2) An institution responsible for <strong>the</strong> acquisition,<br />
preservation, and communication <strong>of</strong> television and related<br />
materials; see also archives.(06.23.) .{F= archives video<br />
.{D= Video-Archiv; Es= videoteca; F= archives video}.<br />
Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) .{D;E;Es;F} * The trade<br />
name <strong>of</strong> a Philips video recording system on 1/2-inch<br />
videotape in cassettes.(06.)<br />
233<br />
Video Home System (VHS) .{D;E;Es;F} * Trade name <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> JVC ½-inch videocassette system.(19.06.)<br />
vidéo éducative .{F} * see educational film/video .{E}.<br />
vidéo éducative/film éducatif .{F} * see educational<br />
film/video .{E}.<br />
vidéo légère (EFP) .{F} * see electronic field production<br />
(EFP) .{E}.<br />
vidéo numérique interactive .{F} * see digital video<br />
interactive (DVI) .{E}.<br />
vídeo interactivo digital .{Es} * see digital video interactive<br />
(DVI) .{E}.<br />
Video-Archiv .{D} * see video archives .{E}.<br />
video-black-video (VBV) .{E;Es;F} * A preview mode <strong>of</strong> a<br />
computer edi<strong>to</strong>r that shows <strong>the</strong> human edi<strong>to</strong>r previously<br />
recorded video from <strong>the</strong> record machine, black for <strong>the</strong><br />
duration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new video, and previously recorded video<br />
from <strong>the</strong> record machine. Also refer <strong>to</strong> VVV and BVB. .{D=<br />
?}.<br />
Video-Video-Video (VVV) .{E;Es;F} * A preview mode <strong>of</strong> a<br />
computer edi<strong>to</strong>r which shows <strong>the</strong> human edi<strong>to</strong>r previously<br />
recorded video from <strong>the</strong> record machine, new video <strong>to</strong> be<br />
added, and previously recorded video from <strong>the</strong> record<br />
machine. Also refer <strong>to</strong> VBV and BVB. .{D= ?}.<br />
Videoband .{D} * see videotape .{E}.<br />
videocassette .{E} * A cassette carrying videotape. .{F=<br />
vidéocassette .{D= Videokassette; Es= vídeocinta; cinta de<br />
vídeo; F= vidéocassette}.<br />
vidéocassette .{F} * see videocassette .{E}.<br />
videocinta .{Es} * see videotape .{E}.<br />
vídeocinta .{Es} * see videocassette .{E}; videotape .{E}.<br />
videodisc .{E} * A flat, circular platter on which both audio<br />
and video information can be s<strong>to</strong>red for playback by<br />
means <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r a LASER or a stylus; see also LASER<br />
disc.(04.46) .{F= vidéodisque .{D= Bildplatte; Videoplatte;<br />
Es= vídeodisco; F= vidéodisque}.<br />
videodisco .{Es} * see videodisc .{E}.<br />
vidéodisque .{F} * see videodisc .{E}.<br />
Videokassette .{D} * see videocassette .{E}.<br />
Videoplatte .{D} * see videodisc .{E}.<br />
Videorecorder .{D} * see videotape recorder .{E}.<br />
Videoröhre .{D} * see pickup tube .{E}.<br />
videoteca .{Es} * see video archives .{E}.<br />
vidicón .{Es} * see vidicon .{E}.<br />
vidrio opal .{Es} * see opal glass .{E}.<br />
vidrio opalino .{Es} * see opal glass .{E}.<br />
vieillissement .{F} * see ageing .{E}.<br />
vieillissement accéléré .{F} * see accelerated ageing .{E}.<br />
vierge .{F} * see blank .{E}.<br />
Viertelspur .{D} * see four-track recording; quarter-track<br />
.{E}.
viewing copy .{E} * The duplicate <strong>of</strong> a still- or movingimage<br />
item intended for consultation or use purposes in<br />
order <strong>to</strong> preserve <strong>the</strong> original item.(06.) .{D=<br />
Ansichtskopie; Es= copia de visionado; F= copie<br />
visionnement}.<br />
vignette .{E} * A masking device used in moving-image<br />
production; see also iris-in, -out.30. .{D= ?; Es= máscara<br />
(de objetivo); F= masque d'objectif; cache; masque}.<br />
vinegar syndrome .{D;E} * An au<strong>to</strong>catalytic selfdecomposition<br />
process <strong>of</strong> acetate cellulose under <strong>the</strong><br />
evaporation <strong>of</strong> acetic acid. Affected thus far are mainly<br />
films, but <strong>the</strong> presumption is that all cellulose acetate<br />
based materials will go through <strong>the</strong> same process. .{F=<br />
syndrome du vinaigre; Es= síndrome [enfermedad] del<br />
vinagre}.<br />
vinilo .{Es} * see vinyl .{E}.<br />
vinilo reciclado .{Es} * see recycled vinyl .{E}.<br />
vinyl .{E} * 1) Abbreviation <strong>of</strong> polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 2)<br />
Imprecisely used <strong>to</strong> refer <strong>to</strong> any <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> plastics,<br />
many <strong>of</strong> which are not appropriate for use in preservation.<br />
For specific safe plastics; see also acrylic; polyester;<br />
polypropylene; polyvinyl acetate. 3) A contemporary slang<br />
term for a disc record; see also polyvinyl chloride<br />
(PVC).04. .{D= 1) Polyvinylchlorid (PVC); Es= vinilo; F=<br />
vinyle}.<br />
vinyl chloride .{E} * see polyvinyl chloride (PVC).<br />
visera de cámara .{Es} * see flag .{E}; gobo (3).<br />
visible ink edge numbering .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> two ways in which<br />
Kodak places edge numbers on its camera film (<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
being latent image edge numbering), in which <strong>the</strong> film<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ck is numbered with a visible ink at <strong>the</strong> perfora<strong>to</strong>rs. The<br />
number is, in turn, printed on <strong>the</strong> emulsion surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
film and <strong>the</strong> numbers are, consequently, visible on both<br />
<strong>the</strong> raw s<strong>to</strong>ck and <strong>the</strong> processed film.(09.) .{F= numéro de<br />
bord à l'encre visible .{D= ?; Es= numeración con tinta<br />
visible; F= numéro de bord à l'encre visible}.<br />
visionnage .{F} * see screening .{E}.<br />
visor, pantalla de códigos de tiempo .{Es} * see Time Code<br />
Window (TCW) .{E}.<br />
vista de plano .{Es} * see plan .{E;F}.<br />
vista fija .{Es} * see slide .{E}.<br />
Vistavision .{D;E;F} * A non-anamorphic process used<br />
by Paramount Pictures in which none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>to</strong>ok<br />
place at <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p or at <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> screen so that<br />
exhibi<strong>to</strong>rs with <strong>the</strong> proper aperture masks could choose<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir own aspect ratio from 1.33 <strong>to</strong> 2.0. The negative was<br />
made on 70-mm s<strong>to</strong>ck and reduced <strong>to</strong> 35-mm during<br />
printing in order <strong>to</strong> reduce graininess.30. {Es=<br />
Vistavisión}.<br />
Vistavisión .{Es} * see Vistavision .{E}.<br />
visual density .{E} * A measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light-controlling<br />
power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silver or dye deposited in a film emulsion<br />
when it approximates <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> a human eye; see also<br />
transmission density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad visual; F=<br />
densité visuelle}.<br />
visual range .{E} * That portion <strong>of</strong> light spectrum between<br />
<strong>the</strong> infrared and <strong>the</strong> ultraviolet which can be seen by <strong>the</strong><br />
human eye.01. .{D= ?; Es= alcance visual; F= spectre<br />
visible}.<br />
visualisation du signal vidéo composite .{F} * see flat finish<br />
.{E}.<br />
234<br />
VITC .{E} * acronym for vertical interval time code. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= acrónimo de Código de Tiempo del Intervalo Vertical;<br />
F= code horaire inscrit dans l'espace de suppression<br />
trame}.<br />
vitesse (de défilement) .{F} * see speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse angulaire constante (VAC) .{F} * see constant<br />
angular velocity (CAV) .{E}.<br />
vitesse BSI .{F} * see BSI speeds .{E}.<br />
vitesse contrôlée .{F} * see library wind .{E}.<br />
vitesse d'émulsion .{F} * see emulsion speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse de défilement de la bande bande .{F} * see tape<br />
speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse de défilement son .{F} * see sound speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse de prise de vues .{F} * see camera speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse de projection * see machine speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse de ruban .{F} * see tape speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse du film .{F} * see film speed .{E}.<br />
vitesse du son .{F} * see speed <strong>of</strong> sound .{E}.<br />
vitesse linéaire constante (VLC) .{F} * see constant linear<br />
velocity (CLV) .{E}.<br />
vitesse machine projection .{F} * see machine speed .{E}.<br />
vitrina .{Es} * see display case .{E}.<br />
Vitrine .{D} * see display case .{E}.<br />
Vogelperspektive .{D} * see tilt shot .{E}.<br />
voice-over .{E} * In moving-image productions, <strong>the</strong><br />
narra<strong>to</strong>r's comments when <strong>the</strong> narra<strong>to</strong>r is not seen; see<br />
also commentative sound. Not <strong>to</strong> be con-fused with<br />
overlap sound.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= voz en <strong>of</strong>f; F= voix<br />
commentaire; voix "<strong>of</strong>f"}.<br />
void .{E} * An area where material is missing on <strong>the</strong><br />
surface <strong>of</strong> a head track or on tape surface.46. .{F= lacune<br />
.{D= ?; Es= laguna; F= lacune}.<br />
voie .{F} * see channel .{E}.<br />
voile .{F} * see fog; fogging; shrink wrap .{E}.<br />
voile sur film nitrate .{F} * see nitrate bloom .{E}.<br />
voix commentaire .{F} * see commentative sound; voiceover<br />
.{E}.<br />
voix <strong>of</strong>f .{F} * see commentative sound; voice-over .{E}.<br />
volant .{F} * see flywheel .{E}.<br />
volante .{Es} * see flywheel .{E}.<br />
volatilisation .{F} * see volatilization .{E}.<br />
volatilización .{Es} * see volatilization .{E}.<br />
volatilization .{E} * 1) A process frequently used in <strong>the</strong><br />
description <strong>of</strong> decomposition <strong>of</strong> materials whereby a<br />
material is altered in<strong>to</strong> a vapour. 2) Vaporization, caused<br />
by a reaction <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r materials with which it is combined<br />
or <strong>to</strong> environmental conditions.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=<br />
volatilización; F= vaporisation; volatilisation}.
volets articulés .{F} * see barn doors .{E}.<br />
Vollspur .{D} * see full track .{E}.<br />
voltaje del blanco .{Es} * see au<strong>to</strong>matic target control .{E}.<br />
voltímetro de cresta .{Es} * see peak programme meter<br />
(PPM) .{E}.<br />
volume .{E;F} * 1) Latin for 'a thing rolled up'. 2) A single<br />
item which carries information (i.e. a book, a disc sound<br />
recording, a CD-ROM). 3) The acoustical, ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
electrical, measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> level setting <strong>of</strong> a sound<br />
recording. Refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> pressure <strong>of</strong> sound waves in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> dynes per square centimetre. The louder <strong>the</strong> sound, <strong>the</strong><br />
greater <strong>the</strong> pressure. Most technicians prefer <strong>to</strong> talk in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> deciBels.16. .{D= 2) Band; Nummer; 3)<br />
Lautstärke; Es= volumen; F= intensité; volume}.<br />
volume descripteur de fichier .{F} * see file structure<br />
volume descrip<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
volume set .{E} * A collection <strong>of</strong> one or more volumes, on<br />
which a set <strong>of</strong> files is recorded.20. .{D= ?; Es= ajuste de<br />
volumen; F= ensemble de plusieurs volumes}.<br />
volume unit meter .{E} * see V/U-meter.<br />
volumen .{Es} * see volume .{E;F}.<br />
voluta .{Es} * see scroll .{E}.<br />
Vor-Verzerrung .{D} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)<br />
.{D;E}.<br />
Vorführkopie .{D} * see release print .{E}.<br />
Vorführung .{D} * see exhibition .{E}.<br />
vorgereckt .{D} * see tensilized .{E}.<br />
Vorlauf .{D} * see trailer .{D;E}.<br />
Vorluf .{D} * see trailer .{D;E}.<br />
Vormagnetisierung .{D} * see bias .{E}.<br />
Vorspann .{D} * see leader; target; trailer .{D;E}.<br />
Vorverstärker .{D} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.<br />
Vorverzerrung .{D} * see emphasis .{E}.<br />
voz en <strong>of</strong>f .{Es} * see voice-over .{E}.<br />
VPD .{E} * acronym for vapour phase deacidification.<br />
VTR .{E} * acronym for video tape recorder.<br />
VU-mètre .{F} * see VU-meter .{E}.<br />
vuelta de contac<strong>to</strong> (con la cabeza) .{Es} * see wrap .{E}.<br />
vulcanite .{D;E;Es;F} * A type <strong>of</strong> hard rubber which was <strong>the</strong><br />
first material used commercially by Emile Berliner in <strong>the</strong><br />
manufacture <strong>of</strong> his Gramophone disc recordings.04.<br />
VVV .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for video-video-video.<br />
w .{E} * abbreviation for wavelength.07.<br />
w ---<br />
w channel .{E} * One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight compact disc subcode<br />
channels (p-w), at present allocated <strong>to</strong> CD graphics.(10.)<br />
.{D= ?; Es= canal W; F= canal w}.<br />
Wachsplatte .{D} * see wax disc .{E}.<br />
235<br />
Wachszylinder .{D} * see wax cylinder .{E}.<br />
Wärmekopierverfahren .{D} * see <strong>the</strong>rmography .{E}.<br />
warp .{E} * 1) A vertical mechanical dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> discs. 2)<br />
A bend or dis<strong>to</strong>rtion caused by unequal pressure on one<br />
side <strong>of</strong> a material. May occur when an item, such as a disc<br />
recording, is s<strong>to</strong>red with inadequate pressure <strong>to</strong> keep it<br />
upright. .{D= Verwerfung; Höhenschlag; Es= alabeo;<br />
curvatura; F= déformation; gauchissement}.<br />
water spot test .{E} * A pho<strong>to</strong>graphic test involving <strong>the</strong> local<br />
application <strong>of</strong> water by means <strong>of</strong> a swab <strong>to</strong> an emulsion.<br />
The swelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emulsion by this solvent is a positive<br />
test; see also alcohol spot-est.35. .{D= ?; Es= prueba de<br />
solubilidad en agua; F= test de marque de séchage}.<br />
watt .{D;E;Es;F} * The unit <strong>of</strong> electrical power equal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
rate <strong>of</strong> work done by one ampere under a pressure <strong>of</strong> one<br />
volt; named after <strong>the</strong> Scottish engineer, James Watt.(10.)<br />
wave form .{E} * A periodic propagated disturbance in a<br />
medium.39. .{D= Wellenform; Es= forma de onda; F= pr<strong>of</strong>il<br />
d'onde}.<br />
wave length (w) .{E} * In tape recording, and referring<br />
specifically <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape magnet-ization created by pure<br />
single <strong>to</strong>ne recording, <strong>the</strong> shortest physical distance<br />
between two points <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same magnetic polarity and<br />
intensity; also, when expressed in mils, <strong>the</strong> ratio <strong>of</strong> tape<br />
speed (in IPS) <strong>to</strong> recorded frequency (in kHz).(16.) .{D=<br />
Wellenlänge; Es= longitud de onda; F= longeur d'onde}.<br />
waviness .{E} * Non-flat head <strong>to</strong>p surface perpendicular <strong>to</strong><br />
tape motion due <strong>to</strong> different wear rates in <strong>to</strong>p surface<br />
materials in magnetic tape recording.07. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
ondulaciones; F= onduleux}.<br />
wavy pack .{E} * see blocked pack .{E}.<br />
wax cylinder .{E} * A descriptive term used <strong>to</strong> distinguish<br />
cylinder sound recordings made <strong>of</strong> wax as opposed <strong>to</strong><br />
celluloid or tinfoil. .{D= Wachszylinder; Es= cilindro de<br />
cera; F= cylindre de cire}.<br />
wax disc .{E} * A disc audio recording made <strong>of</strong> various<br />
types <strong>of</strong> wax used widely for most instantaneous<br />
recordings prior <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong> lacquer discs. .{D=<br />
Wachsplatte; Aufnahmewachs; Es= disco de cera; F=<br />
disque de cire}.<br />
way-<strong>of</strong>f-line .{E} * An editing procedure where <strong>the</strong> end<br />
product is an edit decision list written on paper. This list<br />
cannot be au<strong>to</strong>matically entered in<strong>to</strong> an on-line or <strong>of</strong>f-line<br />
system, it must be manually typed in. Way-<strong>of</strong>f-line editing<br />
is accomplished with inexpensive equipment and video<br />
that has <strong>the</strong> time code displayed in <strong>the</strong> picture. .{F= édition<br />
de la liste de décisions .{D= ?; Es= lista de edición final;<br />
F= édition de la liste de décisions}.<br />
wear product .{E} * Any material that is detached from a<br />
carrier (i.e., magnetic tape, motion picture film) during<br />
use.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= residuos del desgaste (de la cinta de<br />
vídeo); F= produits d'usure}.<br />
wear test .{E} * see durability.<br />
wearability .{E} * see durability.<br />
weave .{E} * see tape weave.<br />
weich .{D} * see blur .{E}.<br />
Weichmacher .{D} * see plasticizer .{E}.<br />
Weichzeichner .{D} * see s<strong>of</strong>t focus .{E}.<br />
weighted noise .{E} * The noise measured within <strong>the</strong> audio
frequency pass band using a measuring instrument which<br />
has a frequency selective characteristic. The sensitivity is<br />
usually greatest in <strong>the</strong> frequency range where <strong>the</strong> ear is<br />
most sensitive.16. .{D= bewertete Rauschspannung;<br />
Geräuschspannungsabstand; Fremdspannungsabstand;<br />
Es= ruido ponderado; F= bruit pondéré}.<br />
weighted resis<strong>to</strong>r converter .{E} * A type <strong>of</strong> digital-<strong>to</strong>analogue<br />
converter using resis<strong>to</strong>rs with values varying as<br />
powers <strong>of</strong> two, used <strong>to</strong> generate a current proportional <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> input word.39. .{D= ?; Es= convertidor de resistencias<br />
ponderadas; F= convertisseur à résistance pondérée}.<br />
weighting characteristic .{E} * The shaped responsefrequency<br />
characteristic <strong>of</strong> a measuring device used <strong>to</strong><br />
produce more realistic indications <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subjective effects<br />
than are obtained with unweighted (flat) measurements.16.<br />
.{D= Bewertungskurve; Es= característica de ponderación;<br />
F= courbe caractéristique pondérée}.<br />
weißer Wachszylinder .{D} * see white wax cylinders .{E}.<br />
weißes Rauschen .{D} * see white noise .{E}.<br />
Wellenform .{D} * see wave form .{E}.<br />
Wellenlänge .{D} * see wave length (w) .{E}.<br />
wellig werden .{D} * see curl/curling .{E}.<br />
Werbefilm .{D} * see commercial .{E;F}.<br />
Werbesendung .{D} * see commercial .{E;F}.<br />
Wert .{D} * see legal value.<br />
wet gate printer .{E} * Special motion picture film printer in<br />
which film is immersed in liquid with <strong>the</strong> same refrac-tive<br />
index as film which minimizes <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> fine scratches<br />
on <strong>the</strong> original.09. .{D= ?; Es= impresión [impresora] por<br />
inmersión; F= tireuse par immersion}.<br />
wet gate printing .{E} * see liquid gate printing.<br />
wet silvering .{E} * In optical discs, a method <strong>of</strong> metallizing<br />
a disc data surface.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= baño de plata en<br />
seco; F= argenture à sec}.<br />
white level compression .{E} * see analogue compression<br />
.{E}.<br />
white noise .{E} * 1) In lacquer discs, <strong>the</strong> increase in<br />
playback noise caused by <strong>the</strong> drying out or loss <strong>of</strong><br />
plasticizer which creates a shrinkage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coating,<br />
exposing modules <strong>of</strong> imperfectly dispersed carbon black<br />
as well as minute pores. 2) A specific type <strong>of</strong> random noise<br />
in audio equipment or recordings.(04.) .{D= weißes<br />
Rauschen; Es= ?; F}; blanc}.<br />
white noise .{E} ** =Es= ruido blanco .{Es}.<br />
white noise .{E} ** =F= bruit blanc .{F}.<br />
Wickel .{D} * see reel pack .{E}; wind .{E}.<br />
Wickelfestigkeit .{D} * see reel pack; blocked pack .{E}.<br />
wide-angle lens .{E} * A lens with a very wide angle <strong>of</strong> view<br />
which increases <strong>the</strong> illusion <strong>of</strong> depth and also in-creases<br />
linear dis<strong>to</strong>rtion; see also fish-eye lens, tele-pho<strong>to</strong> lens,<br />
foreleng<strong>the</strong>ning.30. .{D= ?; Es= (objetivo) gran angular; F=<br />
objectif grand angulaire; grand angulaire}<br />
Widerstand .{D} * see resis<strong>to</strong>r .{E}.<br />
widescreen .{E} * An aspect ratio <strong>of</strong> 1.65 or greater. Almost<br />
all motion picture films <strong>to</strong>day are in some way widescreen,<br />
but widescreen processes are not necessarily anamorphic.<br />
236<br />
Some processes simply mask <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p and bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
aperture during filming in order <strong>to</strong> widen <strong>the</strong> image.<br />
Techniscope utilizes a two-hole pull-down mechanism<br />
when shooting, in order not <strong>to</strong> waste <strong>the</strong> masked frame<br />
area. The most common non-anamorphic widescreen<br />
ratios in use <strong>to</strong>day are 1:1.66 and 1:1.85; see also<br />
Cinemascope; Panavision; Vistavision.30. .{D= Breitwand;<br />
Es= pantalla panorámica; F= écran large; écran<br />
panoramique}<br />
Wiederaufrollen .{D} * see rewinding .{E}.<br />
Wiedergabe .{D} * see playback mode; reproduction .{E;F}.<br />
Wiedergabe-Trichter .{D} * see reproducing horn .{E}.<br />
Wiedergabegerät .{D} * see player .{E}.<br />
Wiedergabekopf .{D} * see moni<strong>to</strong>r head .{E}.<br />
Wiedergaben .{D} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.<br />
Wiedergabetreue .{D} * see fidelity .{E}.<br />
wiedergeben .{D} * see read .{E}.<br />
Wiederholung einer Aufnahme .{D} * see retake .{E}.<br />
Wiederstand .{D} * see resistance .{E}.<br />
wild shooting .{E} * A moving-image production technique<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> sound and picture are not captured<br />
simultaneously; see also post-synchronization direct<br />
sound.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= <strong>to</strong>ma muda (desincronización<br />
sonido-imagen); F= <strong>to</strong>urnage en muet}.<br />
wild walls .{E} * Partitions <strong>of</strong> a moving-image production<br />
set which have been constructed <strong>to</strong> be moved easily out <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> way so that camera posi-tions are possible that would<br />
not be available on a practical set.30. .{D= ?; Es= paredes<br />
móviles; F= cloisons mobiles; panneaux mobiles}.<br />
wind .{E} * 1) The way in which film or tape is wound on<strong>to</strong><br />
a hub or reel; in film <strong>the</strong> wind may be ei<strong>the</strong>r a-wind or bwind.<br />
2) The process <strong>of</strong> transferring a film or tape from one<br />
spool or reel <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r.(46.06.) .{D= 1) Wickel; 2)<br />
Umspulen; Es= enrollado; bobinado; rebobinado; F=<br />
rembobinage; enroulement}.<br />
winder-cleaner .{E} * A device designed <strong>to</strong> wind and clean<br />
magnetic tape. .{D= ?; Es= limpieza de bobinado; F=<br />
net<strong>to</strong>yage-bobinage}.<br />
winding .{E} * see a-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck; b-wind raw s<strong>to</strong>ck.<br />
window board .{E} * A piece <strong>of</strong> board in a matte in which<br />
an opening is cut <strong>to</strong> allow art work <strong>to</strong> be displayed.47. .{D=<br />
?; Es= marco de cartón (para montaje de obra gráfica); F=<br />
cache ? (ciné)}.<br />
window opening .{E} * The aperture in a window board.47.<br />
.{D= ?; Es= apertura de una ventana en un cartón; F=<br />
ouverture dans le cache}.<br />
Winkel mit konstanten Drehmoment .{D} * see constant<br />
<strong>to</strong>rque winding/spooling .{E}.<br />
wipe .{E} * 1) A moving-image production technique in<br />
which one image appears on <strong>the</strong> screen seeming <strong>to</strong> wipe<br />
<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> preceding image.(30.) 2) The process <strong>of</strong> removing<br />
all previously recorded signals from a write-many medium,<br />
such as a magnetic tape.(06.) 3) The generic term used <strong>to</strong><br />
describe a video transition where one picture is replaced<br />
with ano<strong>the</strong>r by a pattern moving across <strong>the</strong> screen. .{D=<br />
Wischblende; Schiebeblende; löschen; Es= cierre por<br />
caché móvil; cortinilla; borrado; F= ; volet; effacement; 1)<br />
transition par fondu masqué 2) effacement; fermeture par<br />
cache mobile}.
wire recording .{E} * An audio magnetic recording medium<br />
which uses metal wire as <strong>the</strong> carrier <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded signal.<br />
fil .{D= Magnetdrahtaufnahme; Drahtaufnahme; Es=<br />
registro (magnet<strong>of</strong>ónico) en hilo; F= enregistreur à fil}.<br />
Wischblende .{D} * see wipe .{E}.<br />
Wochenschau .{D} * see newsreel .{E}.<br />
wo<strong>of</strong>er .{E;F} * A loudspeaker designed specifically <strong>to</strong><br />
reproduce <strong>the</strong> bass or low frequencies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> audible<br />
spectrum.16. .{D= Baßlautsprecher; Es= altavoz para<br />
graves; F= haut-parleur de graves}.<br />
word .{E} * In digital data s<strong>to</strong>rage a convenient collection<br />
<strong>of</strong> bits, commonly 16 bits.(39.) .{D= Wort; Es= palabra; F=<br />
mot (numérique)}.<br />
word length .{E} * In digital data s<strong>to</strong>rage <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> bits<br />
in a word.(39.) .{D= Wortlänge; Es= longitud [largo] de<br />
palabra; F= longueur de mot}.<br />
work copy .{E} * see service copy.<br />
work print .{E} * 1) In motion picture technology a quick<br />
print made from <strong>the</strong> negative, <strong>of</strong>ten without having been<br />
corrected in any way, which is used for screening rushes,<br />
assembling <strong>the</strong> rough cut, and o<strong>the</strong>r edi<strong>to</strong>rial work; see<br />
also answer print.(30.) 2) Any picture or soundtrack print,<br />
usu-ally a positive, intended for use in <strong>the</strong> editing process<br />
<strong>to</strong> establish through a series <strong>of</strong> trial cuttings <strong>the</strong> finished<br />
ver-sion <strong>of</strong> a moving-image production. The purpose is <strong>to</strong><br />
preserve <strong>the</strong> original intact (and undam-aged) until <strong>the</strong><br />
cutting points have been established.(09.) .{D=<br />
Arbeitskopie; Es= copia de trabajo; F= copie de travail}.<br />
working title .{E} * A title given <strong>to</strong> a moving-image creation<br />
during <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> its production.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título<br />
provisional; F= titre provisoire}.<br />
Wort .{D} * see word .{E}.<br />
Wortlänge .{D} * see word length .{E}.<br />
wow .{E} * A form <strong>of</strong> dis<strong>to</strong>rtion in sound reproducing<br />
systems caused by periodic variation in <strong>the</strong> speed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
medium (such as tape), and characterized by its effect on<br />
pitch.16. .{D= Jaulen des Tones; Treffrequente<br />
Gleichlaufschwankung; taulen; Es= llorado del sonido; F=<br />
pleurage}.<br />
wow and flutter .{E} * 1) Phrase used in audio recording <strong>to</strong><br />
describe changes in signal output frequency caused by<br />
speed variations occurring at relatively low and relatively<br />
high rates, respectively; however, <strong>the</strong> term wow is less<br />
frequently used since it is incorporated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> flutter<br />
measurement.(46.) 2) Dis<strong>to</strong>rtion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soundtrack caused<br />
by inconstant mo<strong>to</strong>r speeds.30. .{D=<br />
Gleichlaufschwankbungen; Es= llorado y centelleo<br />
(variación de velocidad); F= pleurage et scintillement;<br />
fluctuation de vitesse}.<br />
wrap .{E} * The length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape's path along which tape<br />
and head are in intimate physical contact. Sometimes<br />
measured as <strong>the</strong> angle <strong>of</strong> arrival and departure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape<br />
with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> head; see also head alignment.16. .{D=<br />
Umschlingung; Es= vuelta de contac<strong>to</strong> (con la cabeza); F=<br />
enveloppement}.<br />
wrapar-once media .{D;E} * Systems in which data may be<br />
written once, but not erased and rewritten.39. .{F=<br />
mémoire à écriture unique; Es= memoria de escritura<br />
única}.<br />
x ---<br />
xerografía .{Es} * see electrostatic process .{E}<br />
237<br />
Xérographie .{F} * see Xerography .{D;E;Es}.<br />
Xerography .{D;E;Es} * A dry method <strong>of</strong> making positive<br />
copies on ordinary paper by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> light, heat, and an<br />
electrostatically charged plate invented by Chester F.<br />
Carlson, patented by him in 1937 and developed in <strong>the</strong><br />
graphic arts research labora<strong>to</strong>ry at <strong>the</strong> Battelle Memorial<br />
Institute. The process depends on <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> static<br />
electricity <strong>to</strong> attract particles <strong>of</strong> black powder <strong>to</strong> unexposed<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. A selenium-coated surface is<br />
given a positive electrostatic charge and <strong>the</strong> image is <strong>the</strong>n<br />
exposed <strong>to</strong> it through a camera. Where light is reflected,<br />
<strong>the</strong> charge will be dissipated, leaving a positive charge in<br />
<strong>the</strong> image areas. When a negatively-charged black<br />
resinous powder (<strong>to</strong>ner) is cascaded over <strong>the</strong> selenium it<br />
is attracted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> charged area. Paper which is <strong>the</strong>n<br />
placed over <strong>the</strong> selenium and charged positively will have<br />
<strong>the</strong> powder image transferred <strong>to</strong> it, and <strong>the</strong> image is fused<br />
permanently <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper by <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> heat; see<br />
also electrostatic process.(07.) {F= Xérographie}.<br />
xilografía .{Es} * see cut (4 y 5) .{E}.<br />
XLR .{E;F} ** acronym for ??. A pr<strong>of</strong>essional three pin<br />
audio female connec<strong>to</strong>r. Also called <strong>the</strong> A3F jack. .{D= ?;<br />
Es= hembra (clavija) XLR; F= fiche cannon}.<br />
y ---<br />
Y/C recording .{E} * In NTSC, a method <strong>of</strong> recording where<br />
<strong>the</strong> luminance information (Y) and <strong>the</strong> chrominance<br />
information (C) are recorded as separate tracks. They are<br />
combined at <strong>the</strong> output <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> machine. .{D= ?; Es=<br />
grabación Y/C (NTSC); F= enregistrement Y/C}.<br />
Y signal .{E} * The video luminance information signal in<br />
NTSC. .{D= ?; Es= señal Y/C (NTSC); F= signal Y}.<br />
Yellow Book .{D;E} * The compact disc-read only memory<br />
(CD--ROM) standards document, so named because <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong> its binding.39. .{F= Livre jaune; Es= Libro<br />
Amarillo}.<br />
yield strength .{E} * The minimum force per unit crosssectional<br />
area at which a material, such as magnetic tape<br />
or film, deforms without fur<strong>the</strong>r increase in <strong>the</strong> load. Units<br />
are pounds per square inch or pounds per tape sample <strong>of</strong><br />
given width and base film thickness.46. .{D= ?; Es= límite<br />
elástico; límite aparente de elasticidad; F= élasticité; limite<br />
de fluage}.<br />
yuv .{D;E} * A symbol used in video and CD-I denoting <strong>the</strong><br />
luminance signal (y) and <strong>the</strong> two chrominance signals (u<br />
and v).(10.) .{F= yux; Es= yux}.<br />
yuv delta .{Es} * see delta yuv (DYUV) .{D;E}.<br />
yuv encoding .{D;E} * A video encoding scheme taking<br />
advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human eye's reduced sensitivity <strong>to</strong> colour<br />
variations, as opposed <strong>to</strong> intensity variations. In each<br />
picture line <strong>the</strong> luminance (y) information is encoded at full<br />
bandwidth, whereas on alternate lines <strong>the</strong> chrominance (u<br />
and v) signals are encoded at half bandwidth; see also<br />
delta yuv.10. .{F= codage yuv; Es= código yux}.<br />
yux .{Es;F} * see yuv .{D;E}.<br />
z ---<br />
Z39 .{E} * abbreviation for National Information Standards<br />
Organization.<br />
Zackenschrift .{D} * see variable-area soundtrack .{E}.<br />
Zahlungsanweisung .{D} * see draft .{E}.<br />
zapon .{F} * see blooping ink .{E}.
zapon (pour positif) .{F} * see bloop .{E}.<br />
Zeichen .{D} * see character .{E}; cue marks .{E}.<br />
Zeitdehner .{D} * see slow motion .{E}.<br />
Zeitraffer .{D} * see time-lapse pho<strong>to</strong>graphy .{E}.<br />
Zelle .{D} * see cel .{E}.<br />
Zelluloid .{D} * see celluloid .{E;F}.<br />
Zellulose .{D} * see cellulose .{E;F}.<br />
Zelluloseazetat .{D} * see cellulose acetate .{E}.<br />
Zelluloseazetatfolie * see cellulose acetate .{E}.<br />
Zellulosenitrat .{D} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.<br />
zenith adjustment .{E} * A mechanical adjustment <strong>of</strong> a<br />
magnetic tape head <strong>to</strong> obtain uniform contact with <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p<br />
and bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tape; zenith refers <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
forward/backward tilting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head.(04.) .{D= Zenith-<br />
Justage; Kopfjustage; Es= ajuste cenital (zenith); F=<br />
ajustement zénith; adjustement}.<br />
Zentrieren .{D} * see centring <strong>of</strong> disc .{E}.<br />
Zerfall .{D} * see deterioration .{E}.<br />
Zerreissen .{D} * see crazing .{E}.<br />
ziehende Blende .{D} * see ghost-image .{E}.<br />
zip pan .{E} * see swish pan.<br />
Zoll .{D} * see inch .{E}.<br />
Zoll pro Sekunde .{D} * see inches per second (IPS) .{E}.<br />
zona accesible del haz óptico .{Es} * see optical beam<br />
accessible zone .{E}.<br />
zona accesible mecánicamente .{Es} * see mechanically<br />
accessible zone .{E}.<br />
zona de fuerte iluminación .{Es} * see highlights .{E}.<br />
zona de grabación .{Es} * see playing area .{E}; recording<br />
zone .{E}.<br />
zona de identificación de la densidad (de una grabación)<br />
.{Es} * see density identification area .{E}.<br />
zona de luz .{Es} * see highlights .{E}.<br />
zona de manejo .{Es} * see handling zone .{E}.<br />
zona de ordenador para da<strong>to</strong>s .{Es} * see field (3) .{E}.<br />
zona de registro .{Es} * see playing area .{E}.<br />
zona de <strong>to</strong>ma .{Es} * see field (5) .{E}.<br />
zona del mecanismo sujetador .{Es} * see clamping zone<br />
.{E}.<br />
zona variable .{Es} * see variable-area soundtrack .{E}.<br />
zone .{F} * see field .{E}.<br />
zone d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording zone .{E}.<br />
zone d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement .{F} *<br />
see density identification area .{E}.<br />
zone d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement .{F}.<br />
238<br />
see density identification area .{E}.<br />
zone de description bibliographique .{F} * see area .{E}.<br />
zone de lecture .{F} * see mechanically accessible zone<br />
.{E}.<br />
zone de manutention .{F} * see handling zone .{E}.<br />
zone de serrage.(Alignement au<strong>to</strong>matique du niveau de<br />
noir) .{F} * see clamping zone .{E}.<br />
zone départ .{F} * see <strong>to</strong>e .{E}.<br />
zone usée d'un disque noir .{F} * see greying .{E}.<br />
zoom .{E;Es;F} * A moving-image production technique<br />
using a special lens which can be adjusted during <strong>the</strong> shot<br />
<strong>to</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> focal lengths from wide-ngle <strong>to</strong> telepho<strong>to</strong>.<br />
Zoom shots can be confused with tracking shots, but <strong>the</strong><br />
effect is really quite different.(30.) .{D= Zoom}.<br />
Zoom .{D} * see zoom .{E;F}.<br />
Zugriff .{D} * see access .{E}.<br />
Zugriffszeit .{D} * see access time .{E}.<br />
zumbido .{Es} * see buzz .{E}.<br />
zumbido (sonido de baja frecuencia) .{Es} * see hum .{E}.<br />
Zusatz .{D} * see additive .{E}.<br />
Zutrittsberechtigung .{D} * see access .{E}.<br />
Zweiband - Aufnahmeverfahren .{D} * see double-system<br />
sound .{E}.<br />
Zweigarchiv .{D} * see branch reposi<strong>to</strong>ry .{E}.<br />
Zweiminutenzylinder .{D} * see two-minute cylinder .{E}.<br />
Zweispur .{D} * see two track .{E}.<br />
Zwischenlagerung .{D} * see intermediate s<strong>to</strong>rage .{E}.<br />
Zyklus .{D} * see cycle .{E;F}.<br />
Zylinder .{D} * see cylinder .{E}.<br />
Zylinder-Phonograph .{D} * see cylinder machine .{E}.