A Deterritorialized History: Investigating German Colonialism ...

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the African context. But, the inability to truly implement this racial utopia represents the expression of both the German and the African reterritorialization of German desires. In Germany, this resulted in growing calls for the maintenance of racial and national identity, while in the colonies both an increased tolerance of African assimilation as well as a virulent backlash against the dilution of German control were evident. Deleuze and Guattari’s ideas accommodate the influence of both German society and settler opinion upon colonialism illustrated in this reciprocal blend of African and German opinion. 69 Even more recent formulations of the encounters between Germans and Africans ignore this contesting and shaping of colonial discourse in both the colonies and the metropolis. To truly investigate social and political concerns, the complete social, cultural, economic and political context must be researched. When examining the relationship between the German population and the colonial policy of the German nation, some bifurcations and differences are immediately evident. It is questionable whether Deleuze and Guattari’s idea of a bureaucracy that subsumes and controls popular desire is apparent. Perhaps the clash between utopian hopes for the colonies and the realities of colonial control separated the bureaucracy from the German populace? The manner in which the German government imagined the world and the African colonies is obviously separated from the early popular ignorance of colonial affairs. Therefore, the sometimes capricious and uncompromising actions of government policy in expansion appear to be more than just deterritorializations of German power in the colonies, but deterritorializations within German society as well. Consequently, the citizenry’s reterritorializations are evident in the later reforms of German colonial policy. 90
German popular desires were intrinsically connected to government policy and its relation to African populations. There appear to be two policies at work within German colonial strategy: a “pro-native” policy and a native-destroying policy. “Colonization is always inhumane,” opined Southwest Africa’s Governor Leutwein unashamedly. 70 Nevertheless, some elements of German policy can be construed as more positive with regard to native populations than others. Though these are both arbitrary distinctions, separating them like this acknowledges the poles of colonial policy. Lastly, while both assisted the expansion of German control in the colonies, the latter became predominant in certain contexts. Through the expansion across African territory and increasing contact with the African population, pro-native colonial policy endeavoured to build up the local infrastructure, constructing everything from telegraphs and hospitals to prisons and breweries. Though developments like the latter two have obviously negative connotations for Africans, the German technological improvements were predicated upon a desire to not only expand German power and enlarge profits but also to assist the African native. The development of a colonial episteme was also based upon a genuine desire to facilitate the above and to acquaint colonial bureaucrats with African culture and society. Many of these efforts were also designed to guarantee friendly tribal support since this assistance remained vital to military expeditions against hostile tribes as well as the process of expansion. 71 Through a divide-and-rule policy, colonial administrators and traders offered weapons, ammunition and liquor as bribes to friendly native tribes. 72 But the underlying aim of expansion guaranteed that conflict would be eventually visited upon hostile and friendly tribes alike as Germany expanded its sovereignty. 91
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A Deterritorialized History: Invest
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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Introduction In the late nineteenth
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colonialism. Ronald Robinson and Jo
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A frequent argument in the thesis o
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carried further by another. Similar
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etween German and African societies
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The German Setting The growth of Ge
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that the colonial expansion was not
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In 1883 the economic motives for co
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European competitors’ exclusionar
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interest in 1888 in acquiring a col
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1908. There were also plans to conn
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limited to abstract academic invest
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where change is performed upon an e
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implies a deterritorialization of p
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extension of deterritorialization t
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eciprocal reterritorialization mean
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Deterritorialization rejects focus
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historiography has traditionally re
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problems of colonial history, but a
Page 43 and 44: epresented a vital dynamic within G
Page 45 and 46: of economic, social and political i
Page 47 and 48: There was great potential for socie
Page 49 and 50: Frauenbund were vehemently opposed
Page 51 and 52: medicine, social organization and m
Page 53 and 54: y the K-A, the Admiralität, and th
Page 55 and 56: society actually facilitated treati
Page 57 and 58: But the Pan-Germans’ relationship
Page 59 and 60: Nonetheless, not all German papers
Page 61 and 62: discourses surrounding cultural art
Page 63 and 64: the civilization of the Germans wit
Page 65 and 66: Through such cultural deterritorial
Page 67 and 68: claim to further African territory,
Page 69 and 70: Foucauldian collection of knowledge
Page 71 and 72: establishment of boundaries and tri
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 The social and cultural e
Page 75 and 76: profits. The expansion of colonial
Page 77 and 78: Yet, while there was much associati
Page 79 and 80: the colonies in a new manner, since
Page 81 and 82: security that in turn motivated som
Page 83 and 84: In addition to territorial disenfra
Page 85 and 86: capital does not only reterritorial
Page 87 and 88: the state’s assumption of soverei
Page 89 and 90: the RKA bureaucracy and the local a
Page 91 and 92: settlers, administrators and soldie
Page 93: dominated by memories of war and hy
Page 97 and 98: colonial policy and declared that t
Page 99 and 100: German colonial imposition. But aft
Page 101 and 102: policy. 98 However this still does
Page 103 and 104: commercial rights for German compan
Page 105 and 106: 101 Though law played an important
Page 107 and 108: appeals to the Reichstag usually fo
Page 109 and 110: Conclusion 105 This study has focus
Page 111 and 112: Lastly, Deleuze and Guattari’s pa
Page 113 and 114: colonialism is impossibly simplisti
Page 115 and 116: Deterritorialization helps the hist
Page 117 and 118: 113 Much like the new images of col
Page 119 and 120: 9 D.C.M. Platt, “The Imperialism
Page 121 and 122: A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and
Page 123 and 124: 56 H. Pogge von Strandmann and Eric
Page 125 and 126: 11 The phrase “perpetual displace
Page 127 and 128: the notions of labour and independe
Page 129 and 130: 56 Sartre, xiii. 57 Deleuze, Empiri
Page 131 and 132: Chapter Two 1 Stoecker, 155. Taylor
Page 133 and 134: Bülow’s Colonial Writings,” in
Page 135 and 136: 46 This is poignantly evidenced in
Page 137 and 138: 70 Ulrich van der Heyden, “Afrika
Page 139 and 140: 94 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.9 E
Page 141 and 142: 6 In fact, the Southwest African co
Page 143 and 144: 23 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.12
Page 145 and 146:
49 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenheit
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68 Heyden and Zeller, 74. 69 Grosse
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promised death for all Herero found
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111 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenhei
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Herero and Nama wars were similarly
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AA Auswärtiges Amt Appendix Guide
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Periodicals Beiträge zur Kolonialp
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Behnen, Michael. ed. Quellen zur De
Page 161 and 162:
Epstein, Klaus. “Erzberger and th
Page 163 and 164:
Holland, Eugene W. “’Deterritor
Page 165 and 166:
Mongia, Padmini. ed. Contemporary P
Page 167 and 168:
1907-1915.” The International Jou
Page 169 and 170:
Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialism’s C
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