A Deterritorialized History: Investigating German Colonialism ...

But the Pan-Germans’ relationship with the government was never as placid as
that between the DKG and the Reich. This contests the connection between the DKG,
Pan-Germans and the government drawn by Arendt and Schröder. 56 The groups’
frequent opposition to the supposed weakness of government colonial policy indicates
that their nationalist demands were not considered to have been met. As well, the Pan-
Germans did not have as close a relationship to business as the DKG. Chickering
dismisses the arguments of Dieter Fricke, Kuczynski and Hallgarten in favour of the
underwriting of the league by monopoly capital, finding instead that the organization was
represented by only a narrow part of the bourgeoisie without great financial support. 57
Overall, both of the groups represented a small, but loud, lobby for colonial expansion.
The influence of the league was mostly manifest in German society rather than
the colonies; as such it illustrated deterritorializations of the interior. After the revolts of
the early twentieth century, the Pan-Germans were especially loud in demanding
punishment of the African rebels. The Pan-Germans were thereby somewhat responsible
for bringing the vicious racism of the colonies home from Africa to be applied to the
domestic situation. 58 By viewing the world in racially oppositional terms and demanding
action to secure Germany’s dominance, the league performed a reterritorialization upon
German society after the deterritorialization of the colonial revolts by stressing militarism
and aggression against foreign enemies. In this manner, German social conditions were
altered as a result of German and African encounters, as Bechhaus-Gerst and Klein-
Arendt argue. 59
The analysis of the major social organizations linked to colonial expansion allows
several conclusions to be drawn. By working to extend German power, settlement and
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