A Deterritorialized History: Investigating German Colonialism ...

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Germany to new articulations in Germany and in the colony. But the ultimate failure of the DKG’s expansionist, commercial and settlement advocacy indicates how German and African circumstances acted as reterritorializations of expansionist dreams. The society was additionally a potent force of deterritorialization in Africa. The DKG was sometimes pushed to rash action in the colonies when it thought its interests were threatened. The chaotic acquisition and confiscation of territory in East Africa by the DKG’s subsidiary, the Deutsche-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft (hereafter DOAG), was to some extent responsible for the 1888 revolt of Sultan Said Khalifa. 53 As a result of the rebellion, chaos ruled: German trade was wrecked, property was destroyed and many German traders, missionaries and settlers fled the colony. The DOAG was so focused upon territorial acquisition that it very nearly precluded the possibility of any German territorial control by provoking the unrest. In this case, the commercial and national goals of the society formed the deterritorialization of German colonial desires while the refutation of these aims through the unrest disclosed the African reterritorialization. Second in social importance to the DKG was the Pan-German League. The league was formed in 1893 as a lobby group for German nationalism and aggressive territorial expansion. The Pan-Germans were highly active in the colonial propaganda arena as it was seen as a prestigious demonstration of German power. Roger Chickering paints the league as extremists driven by “conspiratorial and exaggerated apprehensions” of foreign dominance and German racial extinction. 54 This led them to vociferously demand German “living space” through enlarged colonial possessions and strengthened colonial military power. 55 For this reason, the league cultivated close connections to government offices like the K-A and RKA. 52
But the Pan-Germans’ relationship with the government was never as placid as that between the DKG and the Reich. This contests the connection between the DKG, Pan-Germans and the government drawn by Arendt and Schröder. 56 The groups’ frequent opposition to the supposed weakness of government colonial policy indicates that their nationalist demands were not considered to have been met. As well, the Pan- Germans did not have as close a relationship to business as the DKG. Chickering dismisses the arguments of Dieter Fricke, Kuczynski and Hallgarten in favour of the underwriting of the league by monopoly capital, finding instead that the organization was represented by only a narrow part of the bourgeoisie without great financial support. 57 Overall, both of the groups represented a small, but loud, lobby for colonial expansion. The influence of the league was mostly manifest in German society rather than the colonies; as such it illustrated deterritorializations of the interior. After the revolts of the early twentieth century, the Pan-Germans were especially loud in demanding punishment of the African rebels. The Pan-Germans were thereby somewhat responsible for bringing the vicious racism of the colonies home from Africa to be applied to the domestic situation. 58 By viewing the world in racially oppositional terms and demanding action to secure Germany’s dominance, the league performed a reterritorialization upon German society after the deterritorialization of the colonial revolts by stressing militarism and aggression against foreign enemies. In this manner, German social conditions were altered as a result of German and African encounters, as Bechhaus-Gerst and Klein- Arendt argue. 59 The analysis of the major social organizations linked to colonial expansion allows several conclusions to be drawn. By working to extend German power, settlement and 53
Page 1 and 2:
A Deterritorialized History: Invest
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 5 and 6: Introduction In the late nineteenth
Page 7 and 8: colonialism. Ronald Robinson and Jo
Page 9 and 10: A frequent argument in the thesis o
Page 11 and 12: carried further by another. Similar
Page 13 and 14: etween German and African societies
Page 15 and 16: The German Setting The growth of Ge
Page 17 and 18: that the colonial expansion was not
Page 19 and 20: In 1883 the economic motives for co
Page 21 and 22: European competitors’ exclusionar
Page 23 and 24: interest in 1888 in acquiring a col
Page 25 and 26: 1908. There were also plans to conn
Page 27 and 28: limited to abstract academic invest
Page 29 and 30: where change is performed upon an e
Page 31 and 32: implies a deterritorialization of p
Page 33 and 34: extension of deterritorialization t
Page 35 and 36: eciprocal reterritorialization mean
Page 37 and 38: Deterritorialization rejects focus
Page 39 and 40: historiography has traditionally re
Page 41 and 42: problems of colonial history, but a
Page 43 and 44: epresented a vital dynamic within G
Page 45 and 46: of economic, social and political i
Page 47 and 48: There was great potential for socie
Page 49 and 50: Frauenbund were vehemently opposed
Page 51 and 52: medicine, social organization and m
Page 53 and 54: y the K-A, the Admiralität, and th
Page 55: society actually facilitated treati
Page 59 and 60: Nonetheless, not all German papers
Page 61 and 62: discourses surrounding cultural art
Page 63 and 64: the civilization of the Germans wit
Page 65 and 66: Through such cultural deterritorial
Page 67 and 68: claim to further African territory,
Page 69 and 70: Foucauldian collection of knowledge
Page 71 and 72: establishment of boundaries and tri
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 The social and cultural e
Page 75 and 76: profits. The expansion of colonial
Page 77 and 78: Yet, while there was much associati
Page 79 and 80: the colonies in a new manner, since
Page 81 and 82: security that in turn motivated som
Page 83 and 84: In addition to territorial disenfra
Page 85 and 86: capital does not only reterritorial
Page 87 and 88: the state’s assumption of soverei
Page 89 and 90: the RKA bureaucracy and the local a
Page 91 and 92: settlers, administrators and soldie
Page 93 and 94: dominated by memories of war and hy
Page 95 and 96: German popular desires were intrins
Page 97 and 98: colonial policy and declared that t
Page 99 and 100: German colonial imposition. But aft
Page 101 and 102: policy. 98 However this still does
Page 103 and 104: commercial rights for German compan
Page 105 and 106: 101 Though law played an important
Page 107 and 108:
appeals to the Reichstag usually fo
Page 109 and 110:
Conclusion 105 This study has focus
Page 111 and 112:
Lastly, Deleuze and Guattari’s pa
Page 113 and 114:
colonialism is impossibly simplisti
Page 115 and 116:
Deterritorialization helps the hist
Page 117 and 118:
113 Much like the new images of col
Page 119 and 120:
9 D.C.M. Platt, “The Imperialism
Page 121 and 122:
A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and
Page 123 and 124:
56 H. Pogge von Strandmann and Eric
Page 125 and 126:
11 The phrase “perpetual displace
Page 127 and 128:
the notions of labour and independe
Page 129 and 130:
56 Sartre, xiii. 57 Deleuze, Empiri
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter Two 1 Stoecker, 155. Taylor
Page 133 and 134:
Bülow’s Colonial Writings,” in
Page 135 and 136:
46 This is poignantly evidenced in
Page 137 and 138:
70 Ulrich van der Heyden, “Afrika
Page 139 and 140:
94 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.9 E
Page 141 and 142:
6 In fact, the Southwest African co
Page 143 and 144:
23 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.12
Page 145 and 146:
49 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenheit
Page 147 and 148:
68 Heyden and Zeller, 74. 69 Grosse
Page 149 and 150:
promised death for all Herero found
Page 151 and 152:
111 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenhei
Page 153 and 154:
Herero and Nama wars were similarly
Page 155 and 156:
AA Auswärtiges Amt Appendix Guide
Page 157 and 158:
Periodicals Beiträge zur Kolonialp
Page 159 and 160:
Behnen, Michael. ed. Quellen zur De
Page 161 and 162:
Epstein, Klaus. “Erzberger and th
Page 163 and 164:
Holland, Eugene W. “’Deterritor
Page 165 and 166:
Mongia, Padmini. ed. Contemporary P
Page 167 and 168:
1907-1915.” The International Jou
Page 169 and 170:
Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialism’s C
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