A Deterritorialized History: Investigating German Colonialism ...

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Concomitant with the exterior change of deterritorialization is the reciprocal internal force of reterritorialization. This idea is premised upon a basic action-reaction continuum where every mobilization of deterritorialization necessitates and depends upon a complementary and sedentary reterritorialization. 24 Deterritorialization can thus be seen as a movement out of an established system in a novel direction while reterritorialization is the reciprocal movement within the system to compensate for the deterritorializing movement. Reterritorialization acts upon the territory that has lost its boundaries through deterritorialization by enacting new, internal boundaries in the social field that confine and repress desire. Therefore, reterritorialization is never to be confused with a return to territorialization. After a movement of deterritorialization, the object can return only to something approximating its previous state by effecting a conversion of reterritorialization, but the return is unprecedented. Reterritorialization is caused by the same forces as deterritorialization, for within the founding forces of deterritorialization, the stimulus of reterritorialization is also born and vice versa. Consequently, social transformation requires both an exterior movement of deterritorialization and an interior reterritorialization. Obviously, deterritorialization is a theoretical notion, but it is rooted in relations within society that connect with the study of <strong>German</strong> colonialism, specifically territory, society, state, economics and empire. Space and territory play an important role in deterritorialization and Deleuze and Guattari’s broader thought. Deterritorialization is premised upon an extremely wide conception of space. In the authors’ vision, the connections between territories and territorial conglomerates are inseparable from the deterritorialization which exists within them. In fact, the notion of territory or property 26
implies a deterritorialization of previous territories and peoples. 25 Such territorial entities as land, property and nation inherently possess a force of deterritorialization. Similarly, people’s relations with territory are demonstrably highly fluid and deterritorialized. Territory also forms a crucial area of investigation for this study, both in the notion of spatial power that Michel Foucault identifies and in the fact that the desire for territory was vital to the colonial expansion. 26 Correspondingly important to their theory is the vision of deterritorialization’s exemplification of the human social system. Social groups transform from relatively isolated entities into socially-conditioned and amorphous multiplicities through deterritorialization. Deleuze and Guattari maintain that no historical social system has ever existed in exclusion that did not permeate its neighbours. 27 This leads the authors to argue that there is no history except the history of the aggregate majority, for no minorities can escape deterritorialization or assimilation. However, this is not to suggest that difference does not dominate the populace, for the sole way minorities can escape history and the majority is through deterritorialization. 28 Therefore, syncretic social relations and resistance to hegemonic social codes demonstrate deterritorialization within colonial expansion. This is critical to history since Deleuze and Guattari contend that deterritorialization and attendant reterritorialization animate social relations. 29 The two authors have a quite negative conception of the state, chiefly because of its despotic need to dominate other forms of social relations. 30 Deleuze and Guattari believe that the state exists as an entity separated from the territory that it controls, an ideological and transcendental entity above the immanent application of power that organizes the whole. 31 By disrupting and combining forms of territorial organization that 27
Page 1 and 2: A Deterritorialized History: Invest
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 5 and 6: Introduction In the late nineteenth
Page 7 and 8: colonialism. Ronald Robinson and Jo
Page 9 and 10: A frequent argument in the thesis o
Page 11 and 12: carried further by another. Similar
Page 13 and 14: etween German and African societies
Page 15 and 16: The German Setting The growth of Ge
Page 17 and 18: that the colonial expansion was not
Page 19 and 20: In 1883 the economic motives for co
Page 21 and 22: European competitors’ exclusionar
Page 23 and 24: interest in 1888 in acquiring a col
Page 25 and 26: 1908. There were also plans to conn
Page 27 and 28: limited to abstract academic invest
Page 29: where change is performed upon an e
Page 33 and 34: extension of deterritorialization t
Page 35 and 36: eciprocal reterritorialization mean
Page 37 and 38: Deterritorialization rejects focus
Page 39 and 40: historiography has traditionally re
Page 41 and 42: problems of colonial history, but a
Page 43 and 44: epresented a vital dynamic within G
Page 45 and 46: of economic, social and political i
Page 47 and 48: There was great potential for socie
Page 49 and 50: Frauenbund were vehemently opposed
Page 51 and 52: medicine, social organization and m
Page 53 and 54: y the K-A, the Admiralität, and th
Page 55 and 56: society actually facilitated treati
Page 57 and 58: But the Pan-Germans’ relationship
Page 59 and 60: Nonetheless, not all German papers
Page 61 and 62: discourses surrounding cultural art
Page 63 and 64: the civilization of the Germans wit
Page 65 and 66: Through such cultural deterritorial
Page 67 and 68: claim to further African territory,
Page 69 and 70: Foucauldian collection of knowledge
Page 71 and 72: establishment of boundaries and tri
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 The social and cultural e
Page 75 and 76: profits. The expansion of colonial
Page 77 and 78: Yet, while there was much associati
Page 79 and 80: the colonies in a new manner, since
Page 81 and 82:
security that in turn motivated som
Page 83 and 84:
In addition to territorial disenfra
Page 85 and 86:
capital does not only reterritorial
Page 87 and 88:
the state’s assumption of soverei
Page 89 and 90:
the RKA bureaucracy and the local a
Page 91 and 92:
settlers, administrators and soldie
Page 93 and 94:
dominated by memories of war and hy
Page 95 and 96:
German popular desires were intrins
Page 97 and 98:
colonial policy and declared that t
Page 99 and 100:
German colonial imposition. But aft
Page 101 and 102:
policy. 98 However this still does
Page 103 and 104:
commercial rights for German compan
Page 105 and 106:
101 Though law played an important
Page 107 and 108:
appeals to the Reichstag usually fo
Page 109 and 110:
Conclusion 105 This study has focus
Page 111 and 112:
Lastly, Deleuze and Guattari’s pa
Page 113 and 114:
colonialism is impossibly simplisti
Page 115 and 116:
Deterritorialization helps the hist
Page 117 and 118:
113 Much like the new images of col
Page 119 and 120:
9 D.C.M. Platt, “The Imperialism
Page 121 and 122:
A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and
Page 123 and 124:
56 H. Pogge von Strandmann and Eric
Page 125 and 126:
11 The phrase “perpetual displace
Page 127 and 128:
the notions of labour and independe
Page 129 and 130:
56 Sartre, xiii. 57 Deleuze, Empiri
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter Two 1 Stoecker, 155. Taylor
Page 133 and 134:
Bülow’s Colonial Writings,” in
Page 135 and 136:
46 This is poignantly evidenced in
Page 137 and 138:
70 Ulrich van der Heyden, “Afrika
Page 139 and 140:
94 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.9 E
Page 141 and 142:
6 In fact, the Southwest African co
Page 143 and 144:
23 R1001 8 Deutsch-Ostafrika. 8.12
Page 145 and 146:
49 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenheit
Page 147 and 148:
68 Heyden and Zeller, 74. 69 Grosse
Page 149 and 150:
promised death for all Herero found
Page 151 and 152:
111 R1001 1 Allgemeine Angelegenhei
Page 153 and 154:
Herero and Nama wars were similarly
Page 155 and 156:
AA Auswärtiges Amt Appendix Guide
Page 157 and 158:
Periodicals Beiträge zur Kolonialp
Page 159 and 160:
Behnen, Michael. ed. Quellen zur De
Page 161 and 162:
Epstein, Klaus. “Erzberger and th
Page 163 and 164:
Holland, Eugene W. “’Deterritor
Page 165 and 166:
Mongia, Padmini. ed. Contemporary P
Page 167 and 168:
1907-1915.” The International Jou
Page 169 and 170:
Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialism’s C
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